CN109121695B - Melon and fruit picking machine - Google Patents

Melon and fruit picking machine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109121695B
CN109121695B CN201810737560.3A CN201810737560A CN109121695B CN 109121695 B CN109121695 B CN 109121695B CN 201810737560 A CN201810737560 A CN 201810737560A CN 109121695 B CN109121695 B CN 109121695B
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picking
fruit
melon
motor
fixed
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CN109121695A (en
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张小明
贾继业
王林
张冰辉
李佳
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Henan University of Technology
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Henan University of Technology
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D46/00Picking of fruits, vegetables, hops, or the like; Devices for shaking trees or shrubs
    • A01D46/005Picking of fruits, vegetables, hops, or the like; Devices for shaking trees or shrubs picking or shaking pneumatically

Abstract

The melon and fruit picking machine comprises a rack, wherein a melon and fruit picking system, a melon and fruit vertical conveying system and a melon and fruit horizontal conveying system are arranged on the rack, and a material output port of the melon and fruit picking system is connected with a material input port of the melon and fruit vertical conveying system.

Description

Melon and fruit picking machine
Technical Field
The invention relates to agricultural machinery equipment, in particular to a melon and fruit picking machine.
Background
The reform is opened, the fruit market is released, the country pays full attention to the fruit market, and the fruit production is fully developed. The total fruit yield in the whole country in 2015 is 27381.8 ten thousand tons, wherein the garden fruit yield is 17479.6 ten thousand tons, and the fruit yield is 9902.2 thousand tons. In 2015, the apple yield is 4261.3 ten thousand tons and the orange yield is 3660.1 ten thousand tons; the yield of pears is 1869.9 ten thousand tons; the yield of the grapes is 1366.9 ten thousand tons; the banana yield was 1246.6 ten thousand tons. In 2016, the fruit yield of China is 28319 ten thousand tons, and is increased by 3.4 percent; in the production of fruit fruits, people need to judge and harvest the ripeness of the fruits at random. At present, the height of many fruit trees often exceeds the height of people, and this very big influence picking efficiency, manual picking needs to be with the help of instruments such as bench short ladder, and the picking garden still faces the potential safety hazard moreover. The apple, the peach and the pear are easy to be damaged under the action of collision and extrusion, and the fruit fruits are picked manually at home and abroad, so that the picking efficiency is greatly limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides the melon and fruit picking machine which can efficiently finish melon and fruit picking work by using mechanical equipment.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: melon and fruit picking machine, including the frame, be provided with melon and fruit picking system, the vertical conveying system of melon and fruit and melon and fruit horizontal transport system in the frame, melon and fruit picking system's material delivery outlet and the vertical conveying system's of melon and fruit material input port connection, the vertical conveying system's of melon and fruit material delivery outlet and the horizontal conveying system's of melon and fruit material input port connection.
Melon and fruit picking system is including turning to the motor, hydraulic telescoping rod and connecting axle, the connecting axle is assembled at frame top and connecting axle and frame normal running fit along vertical direction, the lower extreme of connecting axle is fixed with the minor axis, be fixed with from bevel gear on the minor axis, it assembles in the frame to turn to the motor, be equipped with main bevel gear on the main shaft that turns to the motor, main bevel gear and from bevel gear meshing transmission, hydraulic telescoping rod sets up in the frame top, hydraulic telescoping rod's lower extreme articulates the upper end at the connecting axle through first round pin axle, first round pin axle is fixed connection with hydraulic telescoping rod's lower extreme, the upper portion of connecting axle is fixed with swing motor, swing motor's main shaft and first round pin axle fixed connection, hydraulic telescoping rod's upper end is connected with melon and fruit picking manipulator.
The melon and fruit picking manipulator comprises a picking barrel and a material guide pipe, the bottom of the picking barrel is provided with a bottom cover, the upper end of a hydraulic telescopic rod is fixedly provided with a connector, an angle adjusting motor is fixed on the connector, the bottom cover is fixed on a spindle of the angle adjusting motor through a connecting lug, one side of the upper part of the picking barrel is provided with a notch, the material guide pipe is fixed on the outer wall of the picking barrel through a clamp, the feeding end of the material guide pipe is connected with the notch of the picking barrel, a push-pull motor, a mounting frame, a rack and a picking sucker are arranged in the picking barrel, the push-pull motor and the mounting frame are fixed in the picking barrel, the mounting frame is provided with a guide slot hole which is through from top to bottom, the rack is inserted in the guide slot hole in a sliding manner and is arranged along the vertical direction, a main shaft of the push-pull motor, a connecting seat is fixed at the bottom of the picking sucker and hinged on the mounting seat through a second pin shaft, the second pin shaft is arranged in the horizontal direction, and a spindle of a rotating motor is fixedly connected with the second pin shaft; the picking cylinder is also provided with a fruit stalk cutter component;
the inside of picking the sucking disc is equipped with the cavity, and a plurality of gas pockets have been seted up to the sucking disc face of picking the sucking disc, still is equipped with the air exhauster on the picking section of thick bamboo, is equipped with the air pump in the frame, and the intake pipe of air exhauster is connected with the cavity of picking the sucking disc, and the air pump passes through the gas-supply pipe to be connected with the cavity of picking the sucking disc, is equipped with the atmospheric.
The fruit stalk cutting assembly comprises a blade and a cutting motor. The blade appearance is spherical structure, and the blade both sides all articulate the top at a picking section of thick bamboo through the third round pin axle, and third round pin axle and blade fixed connection are equipped with the slave band pulley on one of them third round pin axle, cut off the motor and fix in a picking section of thick bamboo, are equipped with the main band pulley on the main shaft of cutting off the motor, and main band pulley and slave band pulley all are located the outside of picking section of thick bamboo, and the main band pulley passes through the belt and is connected with the slave band pulley.
The vertical melon and fruit conveying system comprises a fixing frame and a vertical motor, the fixing frame is fixed on the upper surface of a rack, the fixing frame is rotatably connected with two chain wheels, the two chain wheels are arranged side by side up and down, a conveying chain is arranged between the two chain wheels, a plurality of receiving and conveying spoons are arranged on the conveying chain at intervals, a conveying protective shell is further fixed on the fixing frame, a half conveying chain adjacent to a hydraulic telescopic rod is positioned in the conveying protective shell, a receiving hopper is fixed at the upper end of the conveying protective shell, a material outlet is formed in the lower end of the conveying protective shell, and the material outlet is connected with a feed inlet of the horizontal melon and fruit conveying; the vertical motor is arranged on the frame, and a main shaft of the vertical motor is in transmission connection with a chain wheel below the vertical motor.
The melon and fruit horizontal transmission system is a belt conveyor belt which is arranged on the upper surface of the rack.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) when fruits are picked, the fruits at the high position are picked through the fruit picking system, then the fruits at the high position are conveyed to the fruit horizontal conveying system at the low position through the fruit vertical conveying system, and are conveyed to the fruit collecting frame through the fruit horizontal conveying system, so that the whole process is smooth, the working efficiency is high, the traditional manual mode for picking the fruits is changed, and the agricultural fruit picking operation efficiency is greatly improved;
(2) the melon and fruit picking system can well simulate the manual melon and fruit picking mode, picks the melons and fruits at high positions, and decomposes the picking action into: the method comprises the steps that firstly, a hydraulic telescopic rod is started, a melon and fruit picking manipulator at the upper end of the hydraulic telescopic rod is enabled to face a to-be-picked melon and fruit, a swing motor is started, the swing motor drives the hydraulic telescopic rod to swing around a connecting shaft through a first pin shaft until the upper end of the hydraulic telescopic rod inclines towards the to-be-picked melon and fruit, the swing motor is stopped, the hydraulic telescopic rod is started, the hydraulic telescopic rod is extended until the melon and fruit picking manipulator faces the to-be-picked melon and fruit, the hydraulic telescopic rod is stopped, then a steering motor is started, the steering motor drives the connecting shaft to rotate from a bevel gear through a main bevel gear, so that the hydraulic telescopic rod rotates along with the connecting shaft until the upper end of a picking barrel of the melon and fruit picking manipulator is located below the to-be-picked melon and fruit;
then picking the melon and fruit, starting a push-pull motor, driving a gear to rotate by the push-pull motor, enabling the gear to be meshed with a rack for transmission, enabling the rack to extend out of the picking cylinder upwards until a sucking disc surface of a picking sucking disc is attached to the bottom of the melon and fruit, stopping the push-pull motor, starting an exhaust fan, evacuating a cavity gap between the sucking disc surface of the picking sucking disc and the outer surface of the melon and fruit through an air inlet pipe by the exhaust fan to form negative pressure, and firmly adsorbing the melon and fruit on the picking sucking disc under the action of atmospheric pressure;
the fruit is connected with the fruit tree through the fruit stalks, so that the fruits can be picked only by cutting off the fruit stalks, the cutting-off motor is started, and the cutting-off motor drives the blade to rotate through the belt conveying mechanism, so that the fruit stalks connected with the fruits are cut off by the blade;
then starting a push-pull motor, driving a rack to retract downwards by the push-pull motor through a gear, so that the picking sucker is pulled back into the picking cylinder, starting a hydraulic telescopic rod to enable the hydraulic telescopic rod to retract to a normal state, starting a swing motor to enable the hydraulic telescopic rod to recover to an initial state, and starting a steering motor to enable the hydraulic telescopic rod to rotate until the lower end of the material guide pipe is connected with a material receiving hopper;
the fruits can be picked through the operations, then the picked fruits are put into the conveying protective shell, the rotating motor is started, the rotating motor drives the picking sucker to rotate until the picking sucker inclines towards the material guide pipe, then the exhaust fan is closed, the air pump is started, the air pressure valve is opened, the air pump inputs air to the picking sucker through an air pipe, the melon and fruit on the picking sucker is pushed into the material guide pipe under the pushing of the air, then enters the material conveying protective shell through the material guide pipe and falls onto the material receiving spoon, the vertical motor drives the chain for transmission, under the transmission of the chain, the material receiving spoon moves downwards, the melon and fruit moves downwards along with the material receiving spoon until the melon and fruit moves to the lowest part of the chain, the fruits fall onto the belt conveyer belt under the action of gravity, and then are conveyed into the fruit collecting frame under the transmission of the belt conveyer belt, so that all actions of picking the fruits are completed;
in conclusion, the fruit picking machine is reasonable in structural design, the picking and conveying operation of fruits is completed through the matching use of the multiple groups of motors and the air pumps, the overall picking process is high in efficiency, and the labor amount of fruit growers can be greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a melon and fruit picking manipulator;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the installation of the rack;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a picking suction cup.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-4, the melon and fruit picking machine comprises a frame 1, wherein a melon and fruit picking system, a melon and fruit vertical conveying system and a melon and fruit horizontal conveying system are arranged on the frame 1, a material output port of the melon and fruit picking system is connected with a material input port of the melon and fruit vertical conveying system, and a material output port of the melon and fruit vertical conveying system is connected with a material input port of the melon and fruit horizontal conveying system.
The melon and fruit picking system comprises a steering motor 2, hydraulic telescoping rod 3 and connecting axle 4, connecting axle 4 is at 1 top of frame and connecting axle 4 and 1 normal running fit of frame along vertical direction assembly, the lower extreme of connecting axle 4 is fixed with the minor axis, be fixed with on the minor axis from bevel gear 5, turn to the assembly of motor 2 on frame 1, be equipped with main bevel gear 6 on the main shaft of motor 2, main bevel gear 6 with from bevel gear 5 meshing transmission, hydraulic telescoping rod 3 sets up in frame 1 top, hydraulic telescoping rod 3's lower extreme articulates the upper end at connecting axle 4 through first round pin axle 7, first round pin axle 7 is fixed connection with hydraulic telescoping rod 3's lower extreme, the upper portion of connecting axle 4 is fixed with swing motor (not shown in the swing motor picture), swing motor's main shaft and first round pin axle 7 fixed connection, hydraulic telescoping rod 3's upper end is connected with melon and fruit picking manipulator.
The melon and fruit picking manipulator comprises a picking barrel 8 and a material guide pipe 9, the bottom of the picking barrel 8 is provided with a bottom cover 10, the upper end of a hydraulic telescopic rod 3 is fixed with a connector 11, an angle adjusting motor 12 is fixed on the connector 11, the bottom cover 10 is fixed on a spindle of the angle adjusting motor 12 through a connecting lug 41, one side of the upper part of the picking barrel 8 is provided with a notch 13, the material guide pipe 9 is fixed on the outer wall of the picking barrel 8 through a hoop, the feeding end of the material guide pipe 9 is connected with the notch 13 of the picking barrel 8, a push-pull motor 14, a mounting rack 15, a rack 16 and a picking sucker 17 are arranged in the picking barrel 8, the push-pull motor 14 and the mounting rack 15 are fixed in the picking barrel 8, the mounting rack 15 is provided with a guide slot hole which is through up and down, the rack 16 is inserted in the guide slot hole in a, the gear 18 is in meshed transmission with the rack 16, the upper end of the rack 16 is fixed with a mounting seat 19, a rotating motor 20 is fixed on the mounting seat 19, a connecting seat 21 is fixed at the bottom of the picking sucker 17, the connecting seat 21 is hinged on the mounting seat 19 through a second pin shaft, the second pin shaft is arranged in the horizontal direction, and a main shaft of the rotating motor 20 is fixedly connected with the second pin shaft; the picking cylinder 8 is also provided with a fruit stalk cutter component;
the inside of picking sucking disc 17 is equipped with cavity 23, and a plurality of gas pockets 24 have been seted up to the sucking disc face of picking sucking disc 17, still is equipped with air exhauster 25 on the picking section of thick bamboo 8, is equipped with air pump 26 in the frame 1, and the intake pipe of air exhauster 25 is connected with the cavity 23 of picking sucking disc 17, and air pump 26 passes through air-supply pipe 28 to be connected with the cavity 23 of picking sucking disc 17, is equipped with the atmospheric pressure valve on the air-supply pipe 28.
The fruit stalk cutting assembly comprises a blade 29 and a cutting motor 30, the blade 29 is of a spherical structure, the two sides of the blade 29 are hinged to the top of the picking cylinder 8 through third pin shafts, the third pin shafts are fixedly connected with the blade 29, a driven belt wheel 31 is arranged on one of the third pin shafts, the cutting motor 30 is fixed in the picking cylinder 8, a main belt wheel 32 is arranged on a main shaft of the cutting motor 30, the main belt wheel 32 and the driven belt wheel 31 are both located on the outer side of the picking cylinder 8, and the main belt wheel 32 is connected with the driven belt wheel 31 through a belt 33.
The melon and fruit vertical conveying system comprises a fixing frame 34 and a vertical motor, the fixing frame 34 is fixed on the upper surface of the rack 1, the fixing frame 34 is connected with two chain wheels 35 in a rotating mode, the two chain wheels 35 are arranged side by side from top to bottom, a conveying chain 36 is arranged between the two chain wheels 35, a plurality of receiving and conveying spoons 37 are arranged on the conveying chain 36 at intervals, a conveying protective shell 38 is further fixed on the fixing frame 34, a half conveying chain 36 adjacent to the hydraulic telescopic rod 3 is located in the conveying protective shell 38, a receiving hopper 39 is fixed at the upper end of the conveying protective shell 38, the lower end of the conveying protective shell 38 is a material outlet, and the material outlet is connected with a feed inlet of the melon and fruit; the vertical motor is arranged on the frame 1, and a main shaft of the vertical motor is in transmission connection with a chain wheel 35 below the vertical motor.
The melon and fruit horizontal transmission system is a belt conveyor belt 40, and the belt conveyor belt 40 is arranged on the upper surface of the rack 1.
When picking fruits, the device is placed on a vehicle, and then the vehicle is driven to pick fruits at the same time, wherein the picking operation comprises the following steps:
(1) adjust hydraulic telescoping rod 3 for the melon and fruit picking manipulator of 3 upper ends of hydraulic telescoping rod treats picking the melon and fruit: starting a swing motor, the swing motor drives a hydraulic telescopic rod 3 to swing around a first pin shaft 7 through the first pin shaft 7 until the upper end of the hydraulic telescopic rod 3 inclines towards a fruit to be picked, stopping the swing motor, starting the hydraulic telescopic rod 3, extending the hydraulic telescopic rod 3 until a fruit picking manipulator faces the picked fruit, stopping the hydraulic telescopic rod 3, then starting a steering motor 2, the steering motor 2 drives a connecting shaft 4 to rotate through a main bevel gear 186 and a bevel gear 185, so that the hydraulic telescopic rod 3 rotates along with the connecting shaft 4 until the upper end of a picking barrel 8 of the fruit picking manipulator is positioned below the fruit to be picked, then starting an angle adjusting motor 12, the angle adjusting motor 12 drives the picking barrel 8 to rotate, so that an opening at the upper end of the picking barrel 8 is positioned below the fruit, the angle adjusting motor 12 is used for adjusting the inclined position of the upper end of the picking barrel 8 and the fruit, so that picking is smoother;
(2) the push-pull motor 14 is started, the push-pull motor 14 drives the gear 18 to rotate, the gear 18 is meshed with the rack 16 for transmission, the rack 16 extends upwards out of the picking cylinder 8 until the suction disc surface of the picking suction disc 17 is attached to the bottom of the melon and fruit, the push-pull motor 14 stops working, then the exhaust fan 25 is started, the exhaust fan 25 evacuates a cavity gap between the suction disc surface of the picking suction disc 17 and the outer surface of the melon and fruit through an air inlet pipe to form negative pressure, and the melon and fruit is firmly adsorbed on the picking suction disc 17 under the action of atmospheric pressure;
(3) then starting the cutting motor 30, and driving the blade 29 to rotate by the cutting motor 30 through the belt transmission mechanism, so that the blade 29 cuts off fruit stalks connected with the fruits;
(4) then, the push-pull motor 14 is started, the push-pull motor 14 drives the rack 16 to retract downwards through the gear 18, so that the picking sucker 17 is pulled back into the picking cylinder 8, the hydraulic telescopic rod 3 is started to enable the hydraulic telescopic rod 3 to retract to a normal state, the swing motor is started to enable the hydraulic telescopic rod 3 to recover to an initial state, and the steering motor 2 is started to enable the hydraulic telescopic rod 3 to rotate until the lower end of the material guide pipe 9 is connected with the material receiving hopper 39;
(5) starting rotating electrical machines 20, rotating electrical machines 20 drives picks sucking disc 17 and rotates, until picking sucking disc 17 slope towards material pipe 9, then close air exhauster 25, start air pump 26, open the atmospheric pressure valve, air pump 26 is through the trachea to picking sucking disc 17 input gas, under gaseous promotion, melon and fruit on picking sucking disc 17 are pushed away to material pipe 9 in, get into defeated material protecting crust 38 by material pipe 9 after that and fall to on connecing material spoon 37, vertical motor drive chain drive, under the transmission of chain, connect material spoon 37 downstream, melon and fruit follow and connect material spoon 37 downstream, until removing to the chain below, melon and fruit drops on belt conveyor 40 under the action of gravity, then under belt conveyor 40's transmission, melon and fruit are carried to the melon and fruit and collect in the frame, accomplish all actions that the melon and fruit was picked up so far.
The present embodiment is not intended to limit the shape, material, structure, etc. of the present invention in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. Melon and fruit picking machine, its characterized in that: the melon and fruit picking machine comprises a rack, wherein a melon and fruit picking system, a melon and fruit vertical conveying system and a melon and fruit horizontal conveying system are arranged on the rack, a material output port of the melon and fruit picking system is connected with a material input port of the melon and fruit vertical conveying system, and a material output port of the melon and fruit vertical conveying system is connected with a material input port of the melon and fruit horizontal conveying system;
the melon and fruit picking system comprises a steering motor, a hydraulic telescopic rod and a connecting shaft, wherein the connecting shaft is assembled at the top of a rack along the vertical direction, the connecting shaft is in running fit with the rack, a short shaft is fixed at the lower end of the connecting shaft, a slave bevel gear is fixed on the short shaft, the steering motor is assembled on the rack, a main bevel gear is arranged on a main shaft of the steering motor, the main bevel gear is in meshing transmission with the slave bevel gear, the hydraulic telescopic rod is arranged above the rack, the lower end of the hydraulic telescopic rod is hinged at the upper end of the connecting shaft through a first pin shaft, the first pin shaft is fixedly connected with the lower end of the hydraulic telescopic rod, a swing motor is fixed at the upper part of the connecting shaft, the main shaft of the swing motor is fixedly connected with the first pin shaft, and the upper end of the hydraulic telescopic rod is connected with a melon and fruit picking manipulator;
the melon and fruit picking manipulator comprises a picking barrel and a material guide pipe, the bottom of the picking barrel is provided with a bottom cover, the upper end of a hydraulic telescopic rod is fixedly provided with a connector, an angle adjusting motor is fixed on the connector, the bottom cover is fixed on a spindle of the angle adjusting motor through a connecting lug, one side of the upper part of the picking barrel is provided with a notch, the material guide pipe is fixed on the outer wall of the picking barrel through a clamp, the feeding end of the material guide pipe is connected with the notch of the picking barrel, a push-pull motor, a mounting frame, a rack and a picking sucker are arranged in the picking barrel, the push-pull motor and the mounting frame are fixed in the picking barrel, the mounting frame is provided with a guide slot hole which is through from top to bottom, the rack is inserted in the guide slot hole in a sliding manner and is arranged along the vertical direction, a main shaft of the push-pull motor, a connecting seat is fixed at the bottom of the picking sucker and hinged on the mounting seat through a second pin shaft, the second pin shaft is arranged in the horizontal direction, and a spindle of a rotating motor is fixedly connected with the second pin shaft; the picking cylinder is also provided with a fruit stalk cutter component;
the inside of picking the sucking disc is equipped with the cavity, and a plurality of gas pockets have been seted up to the sucking disc face of picking the sucking disc, still is equipped with the air exhauster on the picking section of thick bamboo, is equipped with the air pump in the frame, and the intake pipe of air exhauster is connected with the cavity of picking the sucking disc, and the air pump passes through the gas-supply pipe to be connected with the cavity of picking the sucking disc, is equipped with the atmospheric pressure valve on the gas-supply pipe.
2. The melon and fruit picking machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fruit stalk cutting assembly comprises a blade and a cutting motor, the blade is of a spherical structure, the two sides of the blade are hinged to the top of the picking cylinder through third pin shafts, the third pin shafts are fixedly connected with the blade, a driven belt wheel is arranged on one of the third pin shafts, the cutting motor is fixed in the picking cylinder, a main belt wheel is arranged on a main shaft of the cutting motor, the main belt wheel and the driven belt wheel are located on the outer side of the picking cylinder, and the main belt wheel is connected with the driven belt wheel through a belt.
3. The melon and fruit picking machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: the vertical melon and fruit conveying system comprises a fixing frame and a vertical motor, the fixing frame is fixed on the upper surface of a rack, the fixing frame is rotatably connected with two chain wheels, the two chain wheels are arranged side by side up and down, a conveying chain is arranged between the two chain wheels, a plurality of receiving and conveying spoons are arranged on the conveying chain at intervals, a conveying protective shell is further fixed on the fixing frame, a half conveying chain adjacent to a hydraulic telescopic rod is positioned in the conveying protective shell, a receiving hopper is fixed at the upper end of the conveying protective shell, a material outlet is formed in the lower end of the conveying protective shell, and the material outlet is connected with a feed inlet of the horizontal melon and fruit conveying system; the vertical motor is arranged on the frame, and a main shaft of the vertical motor is in transmission connection with a chain wheel below the vertical motor.
4. The melon and fruit picking machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the melon and fruit horizontal transmission system is a belt conveyor belt which is arranged on the upper surface of the rack.
CN201810737560.3A 2018-07-06 2018-07-06 Melon and fruit picking machine Active CN109121695B (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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CN109121695B true CN109121695B (en) 2021-08-20

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