CN109113839A - 船用柴油机尾气后处理的旁通装置及使用方法 - Google Patents

船用柴油机尾气后处理的旁通装置及使用方法 Download PDF

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CN109113839A
CN109113839A CN201811054857.6A CN201811054857A CN109113839A CN 109113839 A CN109113839 A CN 109113839A CN 201811054857 A CN201811054857 A CN 201811054857A CN 109113839 A CN109113839 A CN 109113839A
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reaction tower
electropneumatic
marine diesel
valve
electropneumatic valve
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张占虎
靖海国
黄汉龙
沈建华
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CSSC Marine Power Zhenjiang Co Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F01N11/002Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2053By-passing catalytic reactors, e.g. to prevent overheating
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2550/00Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
    • F01N2550/06By-pass systems
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14Nitrogen oxides
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2590/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
    • F01N2590/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for marine vessels or naval applications
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40Engine management systems

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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种船用柴油机尾气后处理的旁通装置及使用方法,装置的风机通过电控球阀与反应塔相连,三个电控气动阀分别设置在上、下旁通管和排气管中,两个压差传感器分别跨接在上旁通管中的电控气动阀的两侧和反应塔的进口侧和出口侧;两个温度传感器分别设置在两个电控气动阀的出口侧和入口侧;压缩空气控制管分别与三个电控气动阀的气控口相连。使用方法包括1)开启和关闭相应的电控气动阀;2)风机向反应塔送风,排空反应塔中的废气;3)先关闭风机,再关闭上旁通管中的电控气动阀。本发明在船用柴油机出现异常工况时,能自动切断排气管与反应塔的连接通道,保障船用柴油机的正常运行。

Description

船用柴油机尾气后处理的旁通装置及使用方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种船用柴油机尾气后处理装置,特别涉及一种船用柴油机尾气脱硝处理的安全装置及使用方法,属于内燃机尾气后处理技术领域。
背景技术
随着人们对内燃机环保节能的要求越来越高,对船用柴油机排放污染物进行限制的有关法规也日益严格。国际海事组织Tier III排放法规的强制实施以来,越来越多的船舶开始加装尾气脱硝装置,但在实际运行过程中,由于大部分船用柴油机的排气温度较低,低速船用柴油机尤为明显,从而导致船用柴油机在小负荷(25%以下负荷)的工况时,脱硝装置无法工作,此时船用柴油机的尾气通过反应塔时将严重危害反应塔内催化剂的寿命,如此长期以往,将导致催化剂失活,从而极大降低了脱硝装置效率,无法满足排放法规要求。此外,大量的船用柴油机尾气颗粒物附着在反应塔内,导致船用柴油机排气背压增大,严重影响船用柴油机的性能,导致其功率下降、油耗增加,甚至损害船用柴油机。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种船用柴油机尾气后处理的旁通装置,旨在解决柴油机低负荷排气温度低时以及反应器堵塞时影响船用柴油机正常工作的问题,保证船舶正常运行。
本发明的目的是这样实现的:
一种船用柴油机尾气后处理的旁通装置,包括排气管、反应塔、风机、三个电控气动阀、两个压差传感器、两个温度传感器和PLC控制箱,所述排气管下端通过下旁通管与反应塔输入端相连,反应塔输出端通过上旁通管与排气管上端相连;风机通过电控球阀与反应塔下端的进风口相连,第一电控气动阀设置在下旁通管中,第二电控气动阀设置在上旁通管中,第三电控气动阀设置在排气管中,且位于第一电控气动阀和第二电控气动阀之间;第一压差传感器的两端管路跨接在上旁通管中第一电控气动阀的两端,第二压差传感器的两端管路连接反应塔输入端和反应塔输出端;第一温度传感器设置在下旁通管中第二电控气动阀的出口端,第二温度传感器设置在上旁通管中第一电控气动阀的入口端;压缩空气控制管分别与三个电控气动阀的气控口相连;三个电控气动阀、两个压差传感器、两个温度传感器的信号线分别与PLC控制箱相连。
本发明的目的还可以通过以下技术措施来进一步实现。
进一步的,第一电控气动阀和第二电控气动阀均处于常开状态,第三电控气动阀处于常闭状态。
进一步的,所述风机的风量为140~230m3/h。所述压差传感器的压差检测范围为:0~10KPa;所述温度传感器的检测范围为:0~600℃。
一种船用柴油机尾气后处理的旁通装置的使用方法,当船用柴油机处于额定负荷的25%以下;或低速船用柴油机废气温度小于160℃;或中速船用柴油机废气温度大于490℃,或小于260℃;或反应塔堵塞导致排气背压≥3KPa;或反应塔进出口压差≥2KPa时;PLC控制箱发出指令启动旁通装置;其启动的步骤如下:
1)开启常闭的第三电控气动阀,关闭常开的第一电控气动阀;
2)开启电控球阀,启动风机向反应塔送风,排空反应塔中的废气;
3)在风机向反应塔送风后,当第一电控气动阀两端的压差≥0.5KPa时,先关闭风机,然后关闭常开的第二电控气动阀;反应塔上下端均被封闭,船用柴油机尾气直接从排气管中排出。
进一步的,在尾气温度检测中,第一温度传感器检测尾气的高温值,第二温度传感器检测尾气的低温值。
本发明结构简单、易于推广,在排气管和上、下旁通管中分别增设了电控气动阀,还在第一电控气动阀两端跨接了压差传感器,并在反应塔的进出口端也设置了压差传感器,上、下旁通管还分别旁接了温度传感器,采用这样的结构就能将压差传感器和温度传感器采集相应位置的压力和尾气温度数据,通过PLC控制箱按设定的程序进行判断,当船用柴油机处于25%以下的额定负荷;或船用柴油机废气温度低于设定值时,或反应塔堵塞导致排气背升高、压差大时,PLC控制箱指令常开的电控气动阀关闭,常闭的电控气动阀开启,接着启动风机;船用柴油机排出的尾气临时从排气管直排,待检测到尾气温度和压力数据正常后,PLC控制箱指令常开的电控气动阀和常闭的电控气动阀自动恢复到初始状态,实现了船用柴油机尾气排放模式的自动切换,使得在正常工况下船用柴油机排出的尾气通过反应塔进行脱硝处理后排放,符合国际海事组织Tier III排放法规的规定;出现异常工况时,本发明能自动切断排气管与反应塔的连接通道,从而不会危害反应塔内催化剂的寿命,保障船用柴油机正常运行。
本发明的优点和特点,将通过下面优选实施例的非限制性说明进行图示和解释,这些实施例,是参照附图仅作为例子给出的。
附图说明
图1是本发明的系统结构简图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
如图1所示,本发明包括排气管1、反应塔2、风机3、第一电控气动阀41、第二电控气动阀42、第三电控气动阀43,、第一压差传感器51、第二压差传感器52、第一温度传感器61、第二温度传感器62和PLC控制箱7,排气管1下端通过下旁通管12与反应塔输入端21相连,反应塔输出端22通过上旁通管11与排气管1上端相连。风机3通过电控球阀31与反应塔2下端的进风口21相连,第一电控气动阀41设置在下旁通管12中,第二电控气动阀42设置在上旁通管11中,第三电控气动阀43设置在排气管1中,且位于第一电控气动阀41和第二电控气动阀42之间。第一压差传感器51的两端管路跨接在上旁通管11中第一电控气动阀41的两端,第二压差传感器52的两端管路连接反应塔输入端21和反应塔输出端22。第一温度传感器61设置在下旁通管12中第二电控气动阀42的出口端,第二温度传感器62设置在上旁通管11中第一电控气动阀41的入口端。压缩空气控制管8分别与三个电控气动阀的气控口相连;三个电控气动阀、两个压差传感器、两个温度传感器的信号线分别与PLC控制箱7相连。
本发明不工作时,第一电控气动阀41和第二电控气动阀42均处于常开状态,第三电控气动阀43处于常闭状态。使得船用柴油机尾气不能直接从排气管1直排,必须从下旁通管12通过第一电控气动阀41进入反应塔2进行脱硝处理后再从上旁通管11通过第二电控气动阀42进入排气管1上端后排出。
风机3的风量为140~230m3/h,压差传感器的压差检测范围为:0~10KPa;温度传感器的检测范围为:0~600℃。
本发明的使用方法如下:
当出现下列工况之一,PLC控制箱7即指令启动本发明。
a、当船用柴油机处于额定负荷的25%以下,
b、低速船用柴油机废气温度<160℃,
c、中速船用柴油机废气温度大于490℃,或小于260℃;
d、反应塔2堵塞导致排气背压≥3KPa,
e、反应塔2进出口压差≥2KPa。
1)压缩空气控制管8输入的0.6~0.8MPa的压缩空气分别到达第一电控气动阀气控口411、第二电控气动阀气控口421和第三电控气动阀气控口431,电控气动阀得到PLC控制箱7相应的信号,对应的电控气动阀的电磁阀动作,推动电控气动阀的气动执行器的阀芯移动,从第三电控气动阀气控口431进入第三电控气动阀43的气动执行器内推动阀芯移动,同时从第一电控气动阀气控口411进入第一电控气动阀气动执行器内推动阀芯移动,从而开启常闭的第三电控气动阀43,关闭常开的第一电控气动阀41。
2)电控球阀31得到PLC控制箱7相应的信号而开启,启动风机3向反应塔2送风,排空反应塔2中的废气。
3)在风机3向反应塔2送风后,当第一电控气动阀41两端的压差≥0.5KPa时,PLC控制箱7发出信号,先关闭风机3,然后关闭常开的第二电控气动阀42。此时,船用柴油机排出的尾气如图1中箭头所指的方向直接通过排气管1排出。
除上述实施例外,本发明还可以有其他实施方式,凡采用等同替换或等效变换形成的技术方案,均落在本发明要求的保护范围内。

Claims (6)

1.一种船用柴油机尾气后处理的旁通装置,包括排气管和反应塔,所述排气管下端通过下旁通管与反应塔输入端相连,反应塔输出端通过上旁通管与排气管上端相连;其特征在于,还包括风机、三个电控气动阀、两个压差传感器、两个温度传感器和PLC控制箱,风机通过电控球阀与反应塔下端的进风口相连,第一电控气动阀设置在下旁通管中,第二电控气动阀设置在上旁通管中,第三电控气动阀设置在排气管中,且位于第一电控气动阀和第二电控气动阀之间;第一压差传感器的两端管路跨接在上旁通管中第一电控气动阀的两端,第二压差传感器的两端管路连接反应塔输入端和反应塔输出端;第一温度传感器设置在下旁通管中第二电控气动阀的出口端,第二温度传感器设置在上旁通管中第一电控气动阀的入口端;压缩空气控制管分别与三个电控气动阀的对应的气控口相连;三个电控气动阀、两个压差传感器、两个温度传感器的信号线分别与PLC控制箱相连。
2.如权利要求1所述的船用柴油机尾气后处理的旁通装置,其特征在于,第一电控气动阀和第二电控气动阀均处于常开状态,第三电控气动阀处于常闭状态。
3.如权利要求1所述的船用柴油机尾气后处理的旁通装置,其特征在于,所述风机的风量为140~230m3/h。
4.如权利要求1所述的船用柴油机尾气后处理的旁通装置,其特征在于,所述压差传感器的压差检测范围为:0~10KPa;所述温度传感器的检测范围为:0~600℃。
5.一种使用如权利要求1所述的船用柴油机尾气后处理的旁通装置的方法,其特征在于,当船用柴油机处于额定负荷的25%以下;或低速船用柴油机废气温度小于160℃;或中速船用柴油机废气温度大于490℃,或小于260℃;或反应塔堵塞导致排气背压≥3KPa,或反应塔进出口压差2KPa时;PLC控制箱发出指令启动旁通装置,其启动的步骤如下:
1)开启常闭的第三电控气动阀,关闭常开的第一电控气动阀;
2)开启电控球阀,启动风机向反应塔送风,排空反应塔中的废气;
3)在风机向反应塔送风后,当第一电控气动阀两端的压差≥0.5KPa时,先关闭风机,然后关闭常开的第二电控气动阀;反应塔上下端均被封闭,船用柴油机尾气直接从排气管中排出。
6.如权利要求5所述的使用船用柴油机尾气后处理的旁通装置的方法,其特征在于,在尾气温度检测中,第一温度传感器检测尾气的高温值,第二温度传感器检测尾气的低温值。
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