CN109112449B - Method for eliminating residual stress of aluminum alloy die forging - Google Patents
Method for eliminating residual stress of aluminum alloy die forging Download PDFInfo
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- CN109112449B CN109112449B CN201811237068.6A CN201811237068A CN109112449B CN 109112449 B CN109112449 B CN 109112449B CN 201811237068 A CN201811237068 A CN 201811237068A CN 109112449 B CN109112449 B CN 109112449B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for eliminating residual stress of an aluminum alloy die forging, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: carrying out cold pressing on the aluminum alloy die forging subjected to the solution quenching treatment; step two: carrying out cryogenic treatment on the cold-pressed die forging; step three: carrying out rapid heating two-stage aging treatment on the die forging subjected to cryogenic treatment; step four: and air cooling the die forging after the rapid heating two-stage aging treatment. In order to reduce residual stress, firstly, cold pressing deformation is carried out on a die forging piece by using a cold pressing finishing die, and then the die forging piece is put into liquid nitrogen for cryogenic treatment; and then rapidly heating the die forging subjected to deep cooling to perform two-stage aging treatment. Through the composite process of 'solution quenching, cold pressing, deep cooling and aging', the residual stress of the aluminum alloy die forging can be reduced by more than 90%, and the method is particularly suitable for large high-strength aluminum alloy die forgings with complex shapes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy material processing, and particularly relates to a method for eliminating residual stress of an aluminum alloy die forging.
Background
The 7050 aluminum alloy has good comprehensive properties of high strength, high toughness, corrosion resistance and the like, and is an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu series ultrahigh-strength wrought aluminum alloy widely used in large forgings, thick plates and the like in the field of aviation. The alloy needs to be subjected to solution treatment at a high temperature of about 470 ℃, and is subjected to artificial aging after rapid quenching and cooling so as to obtain excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. However, in the quenching and cooling process, the cooling speed is high, the temperature gradient between the core part and the surface layer of the component is large, the compression stress is formed on the surface layer and the tensile stress is formed on the core part, and the maximum stress value can reach more than 200 MPa. In the subsequent aging process, because the heating temperature is low, residual stress is difficult to be greatly eliminated and remains in the component, and the fracture toughness, the fatigue life, the corrosion resistance and the like of the forging are seriously influenced. In addition, in the subsequent cutting process of the forging, the heat treatment residual stress is redistributed and interacts with the machining residual stress, so that the part is easy to deform, the size and the shape of the part are out of tolerance, an additional shape correction procedure is needed, the manufacturing cost is increased, and the stress distribution of the part after shape correction is more complex. The boeing company is reported to lose millions of dollars each year due to deformation of the machined forgings caused by residual stresses.
In order to ensure the shape and size precision of the final part and prolong the service life of the material, how to reduce the residual stress of the aluminum alloy die forging after the solution quenching treatment is one of the major problems in the production and use departments for producing large-scale aviation forgings at present.
The conventional methods for eliminating the quenching residual stress of the aluminum alloy in the industry mainly comprise the following steps:
the aging elimination method comprises the following steps: the aging elimination method is a traditional method for reducing quenching residual stress, and generally a workpiece is heated to a certain temperature and is slowly cooled after heat preservation treatment so as to eliminate the residual stress. The Al-Zn-Mg-Cu series ultrahigh strength aluminum alloy is very sensitive to aging temperature, and the aging temperature is increased, so that MgZn is ensured2When the strengthening phase is excessively precipitated and grown, the alloy strength is obviously reduced. Therefore, the aging is generally controlled to be carried out at a lower temperature of below 200 ℃, and the residual stress eliminating effect is not obvious and is generally only 10-35%.
A cryogenic treatment method: the quenched part is immersed in liquid (generally liquid nitrogen) with very low temperature for treatment, after the internal and external temperatures are uniform, the part is taken out and steam jet is rapidly carried out, and thermal stress with opposite directions is generated by a rapid cooling and rapid heating method, so that the original residual stress field is counteracted. The cryogenic treatment method is the main method for eliminating residual stress of the large-scale complex high-strength aluminum alloy structural part at present, but the method can only eliminate 20-70% of the residual stress. The method has the greatest advantage that the strength, hardness, wear resistance and tissue stability of the material can be improved while residual stress is eliminated.
And (3) a stretching method: and (3) applying 1-5% of tensile plastic deformation to the quenched aluminum alloy plate along the rolling direction, so that the tensile stress and the original quenching residual stress are superposed to generate plastic deformation, and the quenching residual stress is relieved and released. The stretching method can eliminate more than 90% of residual stress at most, but the method is only suitable for parts with simple shapes, cannot be implemented for forgings with complex shapes, and has high requirement on the structural uniformity of the aluminum alloy plate before stretching, so that the stress distribution is not uniform due to complexity.
Cold pressing: in a special cold pressing finishing die, the residual stress in the aluminum alloy forging with a complex shape is eliminated by strictly controlling the cold pressing deformation of the forging. The mechanism of action is that the aluminum alloy die forging is compressed and deformed to adjust the whole stress level of the die forging, so that the residual stress of some parts of the aluminum alloy die forging is released, and the residual stress of other parts is increased. In addition, because large residual stress exists after the large forging is quenched, local work hardening and even fracture can be caused by overlarge die pressing deformation; the deformation is too small, and the stress relief effect is not ideal. Therefore, the cold pressing method is difficult to eliminate residual stress through accurately controlling the pressing deformation in actual operation, and the cold pressing method needs to manufacture a special die, so that the cost is high and the economic benefit is low.
Vibration elimination method: the principle of the vibration elimination residual stress method is that a portable vibration exciter is used to enable a metal structure to generate one or more vibration states, so that elastic deformation is generated during mechanical loading, and after residual stress of certain parts in a part is superposed with vibration load, the residual stress exceeds the yield strength of a material to cause plastic deformation, so that the residual stress in the part is reduced or redistributed. After the aluminum alloy is quenched, vibration is carried out, and the residual stress can be eliminated by 10-70% to the maximum extent. However, the mechanism for eliminating the residual stress by the vibration aging is still insufficient at present, and the suitability of the aluminum alloy for aviation members is controversial at home and abroad.
In addition to the above methods, pulse magnetic treatment, high temperature short time thermal shock, and the like have been reported at home and abroad in recent years, but the related processes are still immature.
In conclusion, the methods have defects and limitations in the using process and are effective in eliminating residual stress. Because the 7050 aluminum alloy in the aerospace die forging is very commonly used at present, how to eliminate the residual stress in the complex die forging is a great problem in the production and application of large-scale complex aluminum alloy structural parts.
Disclosure of Invention
The present application is directed to solving at least one of the problems in the prior art. Therefore, the invention aims to provide a method for eliminating residual stress of an aluminum alloy die forging. The method has a quenching residual stress elimination rate of over 90 percent.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for eliminating residual stress of an aluminum alloy die forging comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: carrying out cold pressing treatment on the aluminum alloy die forging subjected to the solution quenching treatment;
step two: carrying out cryogenic treatment on the die forging subjected to cold pressing treatment;
step three: carrying out rapid heating two-stage aging treatment on the die forging subjected to cryogenic treatment;
step four: and air cooling the die forging after the rapid heating two-stage aging treatment.
Furthermore, the solid solution temperature is 460-.
Further, the cold pressing deformation of the cold pressing treatment is 1-5%.
Further, the cryogenic heat preservation time of the cryogenic treatment is 10-120 minutes, and the cooling medium is liquid nitrogen.
Further, the rapid heating two-stage aging treatment comprises the following steps:
first-stage aging: placing the die forging subjected to cryogenic treatment into a heat treatment furnace at 120 ℃, and preserving heat for 5-7 h;
and (3) secondary aging: heating the die forging from 120 ℃ to 170-180 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 2.5-3.5 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 10-14 h.
Furthermore, the interval time of the die forging in each pass of working procedure is less than or equal to 2 hours.
Further, the aluminum alloy die forging is 7050 aluminum alloy die forging.
The 7050 aluminum alloy die forging alloy material comprises the following components: si 0.04%, Fe 0.077%, Cu 2.1%, Mn 0.01%, Mg 2.16%, Cr 0.031%, Zn 6.1%, Ti 0.029%, Zr 0.11%, and the balance Al, 0.15%
The principle and the advantages are as follows:
the alloy needs to be subjected to solution treatment at a high temperature of about 470 ℃, and is subjected to artificial aging after rapid quenching and cooling so as to obtain excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. However, in the quenching and cooling process, the cooling rate is high, the temperature gradient between the core part and the surface layer of the component is large, the compression stress is formed on the surface layer and the tensile stress is formed on the core part, and the maximum stress value can reach more than 200 MPa. In the subsequent aging process, because the heating temperature is lower, residual stress is difficult to be greatly eliminated and remains in the component, and the residual stress has serious influence on the fracture toughness, the fatigue life, the corrosion resistance, the machining deformation and the like of the forging. In order to eliminate the residual stress generated by quenching, the residual stress is reduced by cold pressing, deep cooling and other modes after quenching, and finally two-stage aging treatment is carried out. The cold pressing method enables the aluminum alloy die forging to achieve the purpose of adjusting or locally reducing the residual stress of the die forging through the compression deformation effect, the deformation amount is between 1 and 5 percent, the best compression effect is achieved, namely the internal stress is greatly reduced, and the mechanical property sacrifice is minimum; the deep cooling treatment generates thermal stress in the opposite direction by a rapid cooling method and a rapid heating method, thereby offsetting the original residual stress field and achieving the purpose of reducing the quenching residual stress.
The essence of the aging process is that in the process of heating to a certain temperature and preserving heat for a certain period of time, the alloy material generates creep in the modes of grain boundary diffusion, dislocation motion and the like, so that the quenching residual stress in the component is gradually released and tends to be stable. The purpose of the invention adopts the step aging is to ensure that an G.P area is formed in a short time by low-temperature aging, and then the G.P area is promoted to be converted to a mesophase by high-temperature secondary aging, so that higher strength and other good performances are obtained.
The method reduces the residual stress of the aluminum alloy member by the cooperation of cold pressing, cryogenic treatment and rapid heating two-stage aging treatment, and the cryogenic treatment method can improve the dimensional stability of the member so as to reduce the subsequent processing deformation and prolong the service life of the member.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
Sampling is carried out on the 7050 aluminum alloy forging, and the 7050 aluminum alloy forging is cut into 7050 aluminum alloy plate samples with the thickness of 80mm multiplied by 40mm multiplied by 10 mm. After the sample is subjected to solid solution for 1h at 480 ℃, the sample is quickly put into water at 20 ℃ for quenching, and the quenching and heat preservation time is 40 min; carrying out cold pressing on the sample after quenching, wherein the cold pressing deformation is 3%; after cold pressing is finished, placing the sample into liquid nitrogen at the temperature of 196 ℃ below zero for cryogenic treatment, wherein the cryogenic heat preservation time is 10 min; then taking out the die forging piece and putting the die forging piece into a 120 ℃ heat treatment furnace for rapid heating two-stage aging treatment, wherein the aging temperature and the heat preservation time are respectively 120 ℃ multiplied by 6h and 170 ℃ multiplied by 12h, and the heating rate of heating the die forging piece from 120 ℃ to 170 ℃ is 3 ℃/min. The transfer interval between each pass is less than 2 hours. The residual stress variation at different heat treatment stages is shown in table 1. After the treatment of solid solution, water temperature quenching at 20 ℃, cold pressing, deep cooling and aging, the equivalent residual stress value of the sample surface is reduced to 11.4MPa from 165.8MPa after quenching, and the residual stress is eliminated by more than 93%. The strength of the sample quenched at the water temperature of 20 ℃ is increased from 491MPa without deep cooling treatment to 518MPa, and the elongation is changed from 12.9% to 13.6%.
Comparative example 1
Sampling is carried out on the 7050 aluminum alloy forging, and the 7050 aluminum alloy forging is cut into 7050 aluminum alloy plate samples with the thickness of 80mm multiplied by 40mm multiplied by 10 mm. After the sample is subjected to solid solution for 1h at 480 ℃, the sample is quickly put into water at 20 ℃ for quenching, and the quenching and heat preservation time is 40 min; carrying out cold pressing on the sample after quenching, wherein the cold pressing deformation is 3%; and after cold pressing is finished, putting the sample into a 120 ℃ heat treatment furnace for two-stage aging treatment, wherein the aging temperature and the heat preservation time are 120 ℃ multiplied by 6h +170 ℃ multiplied by 12h, and the heating rate of heating the die forging from 120 ℃ to 170 ℃ is 3 ℃/min. The residual stress variation at different heat treatment stages is shown in table 1. After the treatment of solid solution, water temperature quenching at 20 ℃, cold pressing and aging, the equivalent residual stress value of the sample surface is reduced to 35.5MPa from 165.8MPa after quenching, and the residual stress is eliminated by about 78%.
Example 2
Sampling is carried out on the 7050 aluminum alloy forging, and the 7050 aluminum alloy forging is cut into 7050 aluminum alloy plate samples with the thickness of 80mm multiplied by 40mm multiplied by 10 mm. After the sample is subjected to solid solution at 460 ℃ for 1h, the sample is quickly put into water at 40 ℃ for quenching, and the quenching and heat preservation time is 20 min; carrying out cold pressing on the sample after quenching, wherein the cold pressing deformation is 4%; after cold pressing is finished, placing the sample into liquid nitrogen at 196 ℃ for deep cooling, wherein the deep cooling heat preservation time is 40 min; then putting the die forging piece into a heat treatment furnace for rapid heating two-stage aging treatment, wherein the aging temperature and the heat preservation time are 120 ℃ multiplied by 6h +180 ℃ multiplied by 13h, and the heating rate of heating the die forging piece from 120 ℃ to 180 ℃ is 3.5 ℃/min. The residual stress variation at different heat treatment stages is shown in table 1. The equivalent residual stress value of the sample surface is reduced to 12.5MPa from 160.8MPa after quenching, and the residual stress is eliminated by more than 92%. The strength of the sample quenched at 40 ℃ with water temperature is increased from 491MPa without deep cooling treatment to 495MPa, and the elongation is changed from 9.4% to 11.0%.
Comparative example 2
Sampling is carried out on the 7050 aluminum alloy forging, and the 7050 aluminum alloy forging is cut into 7050 aluminum alloy plate samples with the thickness of 80mm multiplied by 40mm multiplied by 10 mm. After the sample is subjected to solid solution at 460 ℃ for 1h, the sample is quickly put into water at 40 ℃ for quenching, and the quenching and heat preservation time is 20 min; carrying out cold pressing on the sample after quenching, wherein the cold pressing deformation is 4%; and after cold pressing is finished, putting the sample into a 120 ℃ heat treatment furnace for two-stage aging treatment, wherein the aging temperature and the heat preservation time are 120 ℃ multiplied by 6h +180 ℃ multiplied by 13h, and the heating rate of heating the die forging from 120 ℃ to 170 ℃ is 3.5 ℃/min. The residual stress variation at different heat treatment stages is shown in table 1. After the treatment of solid solution, water temperature quenching at 40 ℃, cold pressing and aging, the equivalent residual stress value of the sample surface is reduced to 35.8MPa from 160.8MPa after quenching, and the residual stress is eliminated by about 77%.
Example 3
Unlike example 1, the cold pressing deformation amount was 6%, the equivalent residual stress value of the sample surface was reduced from 165.8MPa after quenching to 24.6MPa, the residual stress relief was 85%, and the strength of the sample after cryogenic treatment was 505 MPa.
Example 4
Different from the embodiment 1, the cold pressing deformation is 0.5%, the ageing temperature and the heat preservation time are respectively 120 ℃ multiplied by 5h +190 ℃ multiplied by 13h double-stage ageing treatment, the equivalent residual stress value of the sample surface is reduced to 49.9MPa from 165.8MPa after quenching, the residual stress is eliminated by about 70%, and the strength of the sample after deep cooling treatment is 503 MPa.
Example 5
Different from the embodiment 1, the temperature rising rate of the die forging piece is 1.5 ℃/min when the temperature rises from 120 ℃ to 170 ℃, the heat preservation time is 15h, the deep cooling time is 5 min, the equivalent residual stress value of the surface of the sample is reduced to 20.4MPa from 165.8MPa after quenching, the residual stress is eliminated by about 88 percent, and the strength of the sample after the deep cooling treatment is 498 MPa.
Example 6
Different from the embodiment 1, in the aging treatment, the temperature of the sample is raised to 120 ℃ from room temperature, the temperature is not directly preserved and aged at 120 ℃, the equivalent residual stress value of the surface of the sample is reduced to 22MPa from 165.8MPa after quenching, the residual stress is eliminated by about 87 percent, and the strength of the sample after deep cooling treatment is 495 MPa.
TABLE 1 Effect of Heat treatment Process on residual stress of 7050 alloy
The above examples are merely illustrative for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. Nor is it intended to be exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for eliminating residual stress of an aluminum alloy die forging is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: carrying out cold pressing treatment on the aluminum alloy die forging subjected to the solution quenching treatment;
step two: carrying out cryogenic treatment on the cold-pressed die forging;
step three: carrying out rapid heating two-stage aging treatment on the die forging subjected to deep cooling;
step four: air cooling the die forging after the rapid heating two-stage aging treatment;
wherein the cold pressing deformation of the cold pressing treatment is 1-5%;
the rapid heating double-stage aging treatment comprises the following steps:
first-stage aging: placing the die forging subjected to cryogenic treatment into a heat treatment furnace at 120 ℃, and preserving heat for 5-7 h;
and (3) secondary aging: heating the die forging from 120 ℃ to 170 ℃ and 180 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 2.5-3.5 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 10-14 h;
the deep cooling time of the deep cooling treatment is 10-120 minutes;
the solid solution temperature is 460-480 ℃, the solid solution time is 1-3 hours, the quenching medium is water with the temperature of 20-80 ℃, and the quenching heat preservation time is 10-60 minutes;
the aluminum alloy die forging is 7050 aluminum alloy die forging.
2. The method for eliminating the residual stress of the aluminum alloy die forging according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the cooling medium is liquid nitrogen.
3. The method for eliminating the residual stress of the aluminum alloy die forging according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the interval time of the die forging in each pass procedure is less than or equal to 2 hours.
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| CN110029297B (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2020-04-24 | 广东和胜工业铝材股份有限公司 | Aluminum alloy and quenching post-treatment method thereof |
| CN110158000B (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2020-11-24 | 中国第二重型机械集团德阳万航模锻有限责任公司 | Method for reducing residual stress of alloy plate |
| CN113084063B (en) * | 2020-01-08 | 2022-11-29 | 核工业理化工程研究院 | Die forging method and application of ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy die forging capable of reducing cracking and die forging manufactured by same |
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| CN114807547A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-07-29 | 江苏明越精密高温合金有限公司 | Method for reducing quenching residual stress of die forging |
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