CN109105623B - Giant salamander feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Giant salamander feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109105623B CN109105623B CN201811105402.2A CN201811105402A CN109105623B CN 109105623 B CN109105623 B CN 109105623B CN 201811105402 A CN201811105402 A CN 201811105402A CN 109105623 B CN109105623 B CN 109105623B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention provides a giant salamander feed and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of animal feeds, wherein the feed comprises the following components: animal protein, animal and plant mixed oil, pregelatinized alpha starch, mineral premix, vitamin premix, amino acid premix, Chinese herbal medicine extract, monocalcium phosphate, 50% choline chloride and phagostimulant; the preparation method of the feed comprises the steps of preparing animal protein, preparing Chinese herbal medicine extract, forming the feed and spraying a film on the surface of the feed; the surface film spraying is to form a coating on the surface of the feed by the phagostimulant. The preparation method of the feed is simple, and the feed is convenient to feed; the feed has comprehensive and balanced nutrition and good palatability, can also enhance the immunity of giant salamanders and increase the survival rate, has a unique feed structure, can reduce the waste of the feed, and prevents water body pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of animal feed, and particularly relates to giant salamander feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Giant salamanders, commonly known as giant salamanders, are national second-level protection amphibian wild animals, are important developed varieties of agricultural industrialization and special agriculture, have extremely high edible and medicinal values, and are praised as 'underwater ginseng'. Giant salamander meat is tender, fat but not greasy, rich in nutrition and delicious in taste, is high-protein, low-fat and low-cholesterol food, is rich in 17 amino acids, multiple vitamins and trace elements such as iron, calcium, zinc, phosphorus, selenium and the like, 7 of the giant salamander meat cannot be synthesized in a human body, can treat multiple diseases, is particularly suitable for middle-aged and elderly people, obese people and patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and is known as 'underwater ginseng'. The wild giant salamanders are rare, but with the breakthrough and development of artificial breeding technology, particularly after the second generation of the giant salamanders approved by the state to be artificially bred can be processed and sold, the artificial breeding of the giant salamanders becomes a new industry, and the yield is continuously improved.
The artificial breeding of the giant salamanders is always difficult because the natural habitat of the giant salamanders is difficult to simulate, the giant salamanders are sensitive to the temperature and the sound of the environment and are also preferred to eat, and the growth and the development of the giant salamanders are influenced because fresh fish and shrimps are adopted as the feed for the prior art to be incomplete. In addition, the traditional aquatic compound feed has various problems of poor palatability, unbalanced nutrition, low digestibility and the like, so that the growth effect of juvenile fish is poor, the survival rate is low, and the culture economic benefit is influenced.
In the prior art, for example, a Chinese patent with an issued publication number of CN 103549220B discloses a Chinese giant salamander compound feed which is mixed with a phagostimulant and then fed to Chinese giant salamanders, wherein the compound feed comprises the following components: fish meal, vegetable protein, casein, wheat gluten, milk powder, beer yeast, puffed soybean, cured starch, vitamins, mineral substances, choline chloride, amino acid, liver powder, sodium alginate, somatotropin and the like. Although the feed also has the food calling effect, the feed and the food calling agent do not form a better structure, and the feed does not have the effect of resisting bacterial diseases.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the giant salamander feed and the preparation method thereof, the feed is prepared into the stick/thread shape which is used for meeting the requirements of the giant salamander in different stages, and the feeding promoting agent is sprayed on the surface, the preparation method is simple, and the feed is convenient to feed; the feed has comprehensive and balanced nutrition, good palatability and low cost, can also enhance the immunity of giant salamanders and increase the survival rate, has a unique feed structure, can reduce the waste of the feed, and prevents water body pollution.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows:
a giant salamander feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
30-75% of animal protein, which is prepared from fresh earthworm, fresh yellow mealworm, fresh silkworm chrysalis and snail meat; the earthworm, the yellow mealworm, the silkworm chrysalis and the snail belong to soft insects, the protein content of the earthworm, the yellow mealworm, the silkworm chrysalis and the snail are all over 60 percent, the amino acid content is rich, the variety is complete, and the contents of macroelements such as phosphorus, potassium, iron, sodium and aluminum, microelements such as magnesium, calcium, iron, copper and selenium, vitamin A, vitamin B2, calcium and vitamin E are high;
1-3% of animal and vegetable mixed oil, wherein the vegetable oil contains a large amount of lipid, provides energy, fatty acid and the like required by growth and metabolism of the giant salamander, is easy to digest, and has the functions of protecting and fixing organs and the like.
10-20% of pregelatinized alpha starch, wherein the pregelatinized alpha starch can provide energy substances; in addition, nutritive adhesives may be provided. The water resistance of the artificial compound feed is ensured, and the feed waste and the pollution to the culture water environment when the giant salamander ingests are reduced.
0.5-1.5% of mineral premix, and can supplement mineral elements required by giant salamander growth.
0.5-1.0% of vitamin premix, and vitamins supplemented in the compound feed to maintain the growth, reproduction and health of organisms.
0.5-1.0% of amino acid premix, and maintaining normal growth and meat quality of organism by supplementing the first and second limiting amino acids lysine and methionine, and the umami amino acid glutamic acid.
1-2% of Chinese herbal medicine extract, which mainly plays a role in clearing away heat and toxic materials, enhancing the immunity of the giant salamander, promoting growth, increasing survival rate and the like.
0.5-2.5% of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, which has the effects of supplementing phosphorus, promoting bone development and normal lipid metabolism.
0.2-0.5% of 50% choline chloride, and can reduce incidence of fatty infiltration and fatty liver by supplementing choline to protect liver health, and the choline chloride has strong alkalinity, so the choline chloride needs to be added separately when preparing feed.
2-4% of phagostimulant, which solves the problem of difficult opening of the giant salamander and is beneficial to the digestion, absorption and utilization of the feed by the giant salamander.
Preferably, the pregelatinized alpha starch is pregelatinized tapioca starch; the calcium dihydrogen phosphate is feed grade calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and has phosphorus content of 20-24%.
Preferably, the mineral premix comprises 0.345 to 0.690 percent of zinc, 0.45 to 0.9 percent of iron, 0.03 to 0.04 percent of copper, 0.191 to 0.477 percent of manganese, 0.005 to 0.02 percent of iodine, 0.005 to 0.015 percent of selenium and 0.175 to 0.345 percent of cobalt by weight percent of the mineral premix.
Preferably, the vitamin premix comprises 0.3-1.5g of vitamin A, 4.5-7.5g of vitamin E, 2.5-7.5g of vitamin C and the balance of defatted rice bran per 1kg of vitamin premix according to the content of the vitamins in each 1kg of vitamin premix.
Preferably, the amino acid premix comprises, by weight, 40-20% of lysine hydrochloride, 20-5% of methionine, 10-5% of glutamic acid, 50-30% of defatted rice bran, and the total amount of the components is 100%.
Preferably, the Chinese herbal medicine extract comprises 30-40% of isatis root, 30-40% of sweet wormwood herb and 20-30% of cyrtomium rhizome by weight percentage.
The radix Isatidis has inhibitory effect on Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Sphaerotheca fuliginea, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus paratyphi, Bacillus dysenteriae, and enteritis bacillus; the herba Artemisiae Annuae is aerial part of Artemisia annua of Artemisia of Compositae, has bitter and pungent taste, cold nature, and effects of clearing away deficiency heat, cooling blood, removing heat, relieving summer-heat, and preventing malaria, and belongs to liver, gallbladder channel, triple warmer, and kidney channel. Cyrtomium fortunei is a dry rhizome of dryopteris fragrans of Cyrtomium of Acropteraceae, bitter and astringent in taste, slightly cold in nature, enters liver and stomach channels, and has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, stopping bleeding and killing parasites.
Preferably, the phagostimulant comprises 5-10% of yeast cell wall polysaccharide, 10-15% of taurine, 5-10% of citric acid, 5-15% of glutamic acid, 5-10% of glycine, 2.5-10% of aspartic acid, 42.5-20% of defatted rice bran, 25-10% of zeolite powder and 100% of the total weight of the components.
The phagostimulant contains various flavor amino acids, so that the palatability of the feed can be improved, the flavor of the giant salamander meat is improved, favorable conditions are provided for the growth of the giant salamander, for example, energy sources are provided for the metabolic processes depending on ATP energy supply, such as transmembrane transport of intestinal nutrients, high-efficiency intracellular protein turnover and the like, cell membranes are protected, bile acid is synthesized, fat emulsification and lipid absorption are promoted, and immunity and oxidation resistance are involved; the yeast cell wall material has the characteristic of acidolysis resistance, can completely pass through the digestive tract without being damaged and degraded by gastric acid, digestive enzymes and the like, so pathogenic bacteria can be carried and discharged to the outside of the body through the intestinal tract, and the occurrence of intestinal diseases is effectively reduced; yeast cell walls are widely used as animal feed; the dietary fiber can promote intestinal motility, absorb harmful substances in intestine, and activate useful bacteria in the field, thereby improving dyspepsia caused by gastrointestinal weakness.
Preferably, when the content of animal protein in the feed is 68-75%, the feed is used for feeding the young salamanders within 30 days; when the animal protein content in the feed is 50-65%, the feed is used for feeding young giant salamanders within 31-60 days; when the animal protein content in the feed is 40-50%, the feed is used for feeding young salamanders within 61-120 days; when the content of animal protein in the feed is 30-40%, the feed is used for feeding adult salamanders for more than 121 days; when the total amount of the components of the feed is less than 100%, the cottonseed protein is used for supplementing.
Preferably, the preparation method of the giant salamander feed comprises the following steps:
preparing animal protein: sterilizing fresh Lumbricus, yellow meal worm, pupa Bombycis, and Snail with ozone water, removing shell and viscera, and pulverizing into meat paste;
preparing a Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution: pulverizing radix Isatidis, herba Artemisiae Annuae, and rhizoma Osmundae, soaking in water for 0.5-1h, adding 0.3-2% beta-cyclodextrin and sodium alginate, leaching at 50-100 deg.C for 2-3 times, and filtering to remove residue to obtain extractive solution;
forming the feed: mixing and stirring the raw material components of the feed uniformly, carrying out extrusion forming, carrying out steam thermal condensation for 1-2min, extruding the formed giant salamander feed into a rod-shaped feed with the thickness of 5-6mm and the length of 5-10cm, and extruding the young giant salamander feed into a linear feed with the thickness of 0.5-1mm and the length of 1-2 cm;
spraying a film on the surface: the phagostimulant is mixed with the tea seed cake and the sucrose fatty acid ester and stirred into slurry, the slurry is sprayed on the bar/linear feed uniformly to form a film, and the film is cooled and quickly frozen to obtain the giant salamander feed.
Preferably, the beta-cyclodextrin and the sodium alginate form a mixed solution according to the ratio of 1:1-2, the material-to-liquid ratio of the mixed solution to the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials is 1:10-20, and the beta-cyclodextrin and the sodium alginate exist specially, so that the dissolution rate and the solubility of the active ingredients of the Chinese herbal medicine can be improved, some insoluble ingredients can be enveloped, the extraction rate of the soluble and insoluble active ingredients can be improved, the waste of the raw materials can be reduced, and the cost can be saved; the active ingredients of the Chinese herbal medicines which are easy to oxidize and volatile are included, so that the stability of the active ingredients is enhanced, and the active ingredients with the structure have better effect of resisting bacterial diseases.
Preferably, the addition amount of the tea seed cake and the sucrose fatty acid ester is 2-8% and 1-3% of the total amount of the phagostimulant respectively, the tea seed cake and the sucrose fatty acid ester have a synergistic effect, zeolite powder in the components of the phagostimulant is favorably and uniformly dispersed and embedded in a chain structure of yeast cell wall polysaccharide and amino acid, the connection and winding between the polysaccharide and the amino acid are enhanced, so that the phagostimulant forms a network composite structure of amino acid and yeast extract, and the porous structure of the zeolite powder can accelerate the adsorption and adhesion of the phagostimulant on a bar/linear feed to form a phagostimulant film, and the phagostimulant film can improve the palatability of the feed, enhance the ingestion desire of the giant salamanders, reduce the waste of the feed and prevent the water pollution.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the feed has comprehensive and balanced nutrition; the giant salamander feed contains essential protein sources, trace elements, mineral substances, vitamins and the like for the growth of the giant salamander, meets the requirements of the giant salamander on nutrient components in each growth stage, and also contains Chinese herbal medicine extracts, so that the immunity of the giant salamander body can be enhanced, the digestion is assisted, the survival rate is increased, the growth is promoted, the culture cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is increased;
2) the feed has good palatability; the feed is combined with the phagostimulant which is combined with an amino acid seasoning technology, an organic acid seasoning technology and a yeast product seasoning technology, so that the ingestion desire of the giant salamanders is enhanced, and the normal ingestion of the artificial compound feed is ensured or improved;
3) the preparation method of the feed is simple; the feed is prepared into a rod/thread shape, and the feeding promoting agent is sprayed on the surface of the rod/thread shape, so that the palatability of the feed can be improved, the ingestion desire of the giant salamander is enhanced, the waste of the feed can be reduced, and the water pollution is prevented;
4) the feed has wide applicability; the compound feed can be used for feeding young giant salamanders and young giant salamanders as well as grown giant salamanders, and can meet the requirements of Chinese giant salamanders at various stages through component content adjustment.
The invention adopts the technical scheme to provide the model essay, makes up the defects of the prior art, and has reasonable design and convenient operation.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following examples:
example 1:
a giant salamander feed, which comprises the following components per 100 kg: 40kg of animal protein, 35.6kg of cottonseed protein, 1kg of animal and vegetable mixed oil, 15kg of pregelatinized alpha starch, 1kg of mineral premix, 0.8kg of vitamin premix, 0.6kg of amino acid premix, 1.2kg of Chinese herbal medicine extract, 1.5kg of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3kg of 50% choline chloride and 3kg of phagostimulant.
Wherein the pregelatinized alpha starch is pregelatinized cassava starch; the calcium dihydrogen phosphate is feed grade calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and has phosphorus content of 20-24%.
The mineral premix comprises 10g of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 15g of ferrous sulfate, 1.6g of copper sulfate monohydrate, 6g of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 5g of potassium iodide, 6g of sodium selenite, 2.4g of cobalt chloride, 504g of zeolite powder and 450g of talcum powder.
The vitamin premix contains 1.3g of vitamin A, 6.9g of vitamin E, 7g of vitamin C and 784.8g of defatted rice bran.
The amino acid premix contains 200g of lysine hydrochloride, 100g of methionine, 50g of glutamic acid and 250g of defatted rice bran.
Wherein the Chinese herbal medicine extract comprises 1kg of raw materials of isatis root, 1kg of sweet wormwood herb and 500g of cyrtomium rhizome.
The phagostimulant contains 270g of yeast cell wall polysaccharide, 430g of taurine, 220g of citric acid, 340g of glutamic acid, 220g of glycine, 180g of aspartic acid, 740g of defatted rice bran and 600g of zeolite powder.
The feed is suitable for adult salamanders fed for more than 121 days.
The preparation method of the feed comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing animal protein: sterilizing fresh Lumbricus, yellow meal worm, pupa Bombycis, and Snail with ozone water, removing shell and viscera, and pulverizing into meat paste;
(2) preparing a Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution: pulverizing radix Isatidis, herba Artemisiae Annuae, and rhizoma Osmundae, soaking in water for 0.5h, adding 1.5% beta-cyclodextrin and sodium alginate, leaching at 80 deg.C for 2 times, and filtering off residues to obtain extractive solution; forming a mixed solution of beta-cyclodextrin and sodium alginate according to a ratio of 1:2, wherein the material-liquid ratio of the mixed solution to the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials is 1: 15;
(3) forming the feed: mixing the raw material components of the feed uniformly, extruding and forming, performing steam thermal coagulation for 2min, and extruding the feed into a rod-shaped feed with the thickness of 5mm and the length of 8 cm;
(4) spraying a film on the surface: mixing the phagostimulant with the tea seed cake and the sucrose fatty acid ester, stirring into slurry, spraying the slurry on the stick/linear feed uniformly to form a film, cooling and quickly freezing to obtain the giant salamander feed; the addition amount of the tea seed cake and the sucrose fatty acid ester is 0.15kg and 0.03kg of the total amount of the phagostimulant respectively.
Example 2:
a giant salamander feed, which comprises the following components per 100 kg: 50kg of animal protein, 24.6kg of cottonseed protein, 2kg of animal and plant mixed oil, 15kg of pregelatinized alpha starch, 1kg of mineral premix, 0.8kg of vitamin premix, 0.6kg of amino acid premix, 1.2kg of Chinese herbal medicine extract, 1.5kg of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3kg of 50% choline chloride and 3kg of phagostimulant.
Wherein the pregelatinized alpha starch is pregelatinized cassava starch; the calcium dihydrogen phosphate is feed grade calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and has phosphorus content of 20-24%.
The mineral premix comprises 10g of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 15g of ferrous sulfate, 1.6g of copper sulfate monohydrate, 6g of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 5g of potassium iodide, 6g of sodium selenite, 2.4g of cobalt chloride, 504g of zeolite powder and 450g of talcum powder.
The vitamin premix contains 1.3g of vitamin A, 6.9g of vitamin E, 7g of vitamin C and 784.8g of defatted rice bran.
The amino acid premix contains 200g of lysine hydrochloride, 100g of methionine, 50g of glutamic acid and 250g of defatted rice bran.
Wherein the Chinese herbal medicine extract comprises 1kg of raw materials of isatis root, 1kg of sweet wormwood herb and 500g of cyrtomium rhizome.
The phagostimulant contains 270g of yeast cell wall polysaccharide, 430g of taurine, 220g of citric acid, 340g of glutamic acid, 220g of glycine, 180g of aspartic acid, 740g of defatted rice bran and 600g of zeolite powder.
The feed is suitable for feeding young salamanders within 61-120 days.
The preparation method of the feed comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing animal protein: sterilizing fresh Lumbricus, yellow meal worm, pupa Bombycis, and Snail with ozone water, removing shell and viscera, and pulverizing into meat paste;
(2) preparing a Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution: pulverizing radix Isatidis, herba Artemisiae Annuae, and rhizoma Osmundae, soaking in water for 0.5h, adding 1.5% beta-cyclodextrin and sodium alginate, leaching at 80 deg.C for 2 times, and filtering off residues to obtain extractive solution; forming a mixed solution of beta-cyclodextrin and sodium alginate according to a ratio of 1:2, wherein the material-liquid ratio of the mixed solution to the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials is 1: 15;
(3) forming the feed: mixing the raw material components of the feed uniformly, extruding and forming, performing steam thermal coagulation for 2min, and extruding the feed into a linear feed with the thickness of 0.7mm and the length of 2 cm;
(4) spraying a film on the surface: mixing the phagostimulant with the tea seed cake and the sucrose fatty acid ester, stirring into slurry, spraying the slurry on the stick/linear feed uniformly to form a film, cooling and quickly freezing to obtain the giant salamander feed; the addition amount of the tea seed cake and the sucrose fatty acid ester is 0.15kg and 0.03kg of the total amount of the phagostimulant respectively.
Example 3:
a giant salamander feed, which comprises the following components per 100 kg: 70kg of animal protein, 2kg of animal and plant mixed oil, 18kg of pregelatinized alpha starch, 1.2kg of mineral premix, 0.8kg of vitamin premix, 0.8kg of amino acid premix, 1.4kg of Chinese herbal medicine extract, 2.3kg of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3kg of 50% choline chloride and 3.2kg of phagostimulant.
Wherein the pregelatinized alpha starch is pregelatinized cassava starch; the calcium dihydrogen phosphate is feed grade calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and has phosphorus content of 20-24%.
The mineral premix comprises 30g of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 35g of ferrous sulfate, 11.6g of copper sulfate monohydrate, 26g of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 25g of potassium iodide, 26g of sodium selenite, 12.4g of cobalt chloride, 534g of zeolite powder and 500g of talcum powder.
The vitamin premix contains 1.3g of vitamin A, 6.9g of vitamin E, 7g of vitamin C and 784.8g of defatted rice bran.
The amino acid premix contains 230g of lysine hydrochloride, 130g of methionine, 90g of glutamic acid and 350g of defatted rice bran.
Wherein the Chinese herbal medicine extract comprises 1.5kg of raw materials of isatis root, 1.5kg of sweet wormwood herb and 1kg of cyrtomium rhizome.
The phagostimulant contains 300g of yeast cell wall polysaccharide, 450g of taurine, 250g of citric acid, 100g of glutamic acid, 260g of glycine, 190g of aspartic acid, 750g of defatted rice bran and 600g of zeolite powder.
The feed is suitable for feeding young giant salamanders within 30 days.
The preparation method of the feed comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing animal protein: sterilizing fresh Lumbricus, yellow meal worm, pupa Bombycis, and Snail with ozone water, removing shell and viscera, and pulverizing into meat paste;
(2) preparing a Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution: pulverizing radix Isatidis, herba Artemisiae Annuae, and rhizoma Osmundae, soaking in water for 0.5h, adding 1.5% beta-cyclodextrin and sodium alginate, leaching at 80 deg.C for 2 times, and filtering off residues to obtain extractive solution; forming a mixed solution of beta-cyclodextrin and sodium alginate according to a ratio of 1:2, wherein the material-liquid ratio of the mixed solution to the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials is 1: 15;
(3) forming the feed: mixing the raw material components of the feed uniformly, extruding and forming, performing steam thermal coagulation for 2min, and extruding the feed into a rod-shaped feed with the thickness of 5mm and the length of 8 cm;
(4) spraying a film on the surface: mixing the phagostimulant with the tea seed cake and the sucrose fatty acid ester, stirring into slurry, spraying the slurry on the stick/linear feed uniformly to form a film, cooling and quickly freezing to obtain the giant salamander feed; the addition amount of the tea seed cake and the sucrose fatty acid ester is respectively 0.16kg and 0.04kg of the total amount of the phagostimulant.
Comparative example 1:
the extraction process of the Chinese herbal medicine adopts a decoction method, beta-cyclodextrin and sodium alginate are not used, and the rest parts are completely the same as those in the example 2.
Comparative example 2:
the components of the phagostimulant are directly mixed into slurry to spray a film on the surface of the feed, and the rest parts are completely consistent with the example 2.
Example 4:
the young giant salamanders in the example 2 and the comparative examples 1-2 are subjected to a feeding test, 40 healthy young giant salamanders are selected for the giant salamanders in the test, the number of the young giant salamanders is divided into four groups, each group is divided into 10, three groups use the feed in the example 2 and the comparative examples 1-2, the other group serves as a control group, the small crucian is used as bait, and the test time is 6 months; recording the body surface change state and the body weight change of the giant salamanders, and recording the feeding amount and the residual bait amount every day to finally obtain data in the table 1; the breeding and management are carried out according to the conventional method, the water temperature is regulated and controlled, and the water quality is regulated. Feeding for 1 time every day, wherein the feeding amount is 2% of the weight of the whole fish.
TABLE 1 growth of baby giant salamanders
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the bait for the small crucian, the feed disclosed by the invention has the advantages of good digestion and absorption, promotion of the growth of the giant salamander, enhancement of the immunity of the giant salamander, high breeding benefit, low feed cost and the like; compared with the feed of example 2, the feed of comparative example 1 has weaker bacterial disease resistance, and shows that the special existence of beta-cyclodextrin and sodium alginate is beneficial to enhancing the activity of active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicines, so that the immunity of the giant salamander body is improved; the feed prepared in the comparative example 2 has a reduced feeding attraction effect, which shows that the tea seed cake and the sucrose fatty acid ester have a synergistic effect, and the feed attractant can better form a coating on the surface of the feed, so that the palatability of the feed is improved, the ingestion desire of the giant salamander is enhanced, and the growth of the giant salamander is promoted.
Conventional techniques in the above embodiments are known to those skilled in the art, and therefore, will not be described in detail herein.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative, and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, all equivalent technical solutions also belong to the scope of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A preparation method of giant salamander feed is characterized by comprising the following steps: making the feed into a rod/thread shape, and then performing surface coating on the feed; the coating method comprises the following steps: mixing phagostimulant with tea seed cake and sucrose fatty acid ester, stirring to obtain slurry, spraying onto the rod/linear feed, cooling, and quick freezing;
the addition amount of the tea seed cake and the sucrose fatty acid ester is respectively 2-8% and 1-3% of the total amount of the phagostimulant;
the preparation method also comprises the following steps of preparing animal protein: sterilizing fresh Lumbricus, yellow meal worm, pupa Bombycis, and Snail with ozone water, removing shell and viscera, and pulverizing into meat paste;
the preparation method of the feed comprises the following steps: mixing and stirring the raw material components of the feed uniformly, carrying out extrusion forming, carrying out steam thermal condensation for 1-2min, extruding the formed giant salamander feed into a rod-shaped feed with the thickness of 5-6mm and the length of 5-10cm, and extruding the young giant salamander feed into a linear feed with the thickness of 0.5-1mm and the length of 1-2 cm;
the preparation method also comprises the following steps: pulverizing radix Isatidis, herba Artemisiae Annuae, and rhizoma Osmundae, soaking in water for 0.5-1h, adding 0.3-2% beta-cyclodextrin and sodium alginate, leaching at 50-100 deg.C for 2-3 times, and filtering to remove residue to obtain extractive solution;
the beta-cyclodextrin and the sodium alginate form a mixed solution according to the ratio of 1:1-2, and the material-liquid ratio of the mixed solution to the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials is 1: 10-20;
the feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 30-75% of animal protein, 1-3% of animal and plant mixed oil, 10-20% of pregelatinized alpha starch, 0.5-1.5% of mineral premix, 0.5-1.0% of vitamin premix, 0.5-1.0% of amino acid premix, 1-2% of Chinese herbal medicine extract, 0.5-2.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2-0.5% of 50% choline chloride and 2-4% of phagostimulant;
the phagostimulant comprises, by weight, 5-10% of yeast cell wall polysaccharide, 10-15% of taurine, 5-10% of citric acid, 5-15% of glutamic acid, 5-10% of glycine, 2.5-10% of aspartic acid, 42.5-20% of defatted rice bran, 25-10% of zeolite powder, and the total weight of the components is 100%.
2. The giant salamander feed prepared by the method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 30-75% of animal protein, 1-3% of animal and plant mixed oil, 10-20% of pregelatinized alpha starch, 0.5-1.5% of mineral premix, 0.5-1.0% of vitamin premix, 0.5-1.0% of amino acid premix, 1-2% of Chinese herbal medicine extract, 0.5-2.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2-0.5% of 50% choline chloride and 2-4% of phagostimulant.
3. The giant salamander feed according to claim 2, characterized in that: the phagostimulant comprises, by weight, 5-10% of yeast cell wall polysaccharide, 10-15% of taurine, 5-10% of citric acid, 5-15% of glutamic acid, 5-10% of glycine, 2.5-10% of aspartic acid, 42.5-20% of defatted rice bran, 25-10% of zeolite powder, and the total weight of the components is 100%.
4. The giant salamander feed according to claim 2, characterized in that: when the content of animal protein in the feed is 68-75%, the feed is used for feeding young salamanders within 30 days; when the animal protein content in the feed is 50-65%, the feed is used for feeding young giant salamanders within 31-60 days; when the animal protein content in the feed is 40-50%, the feed is used for feeding young salamanders within 61-120 days; when the content of animal protein in the feed is 30-40%, the feed is used for feeding adult salamanders for more than 121 days; when the total amount of the components of the feed is less than 100%, the cottonseed protein is used for supplementing.
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