CN109086162A - A kind of memory diagnosis method and apparatus - Google Patents
A kind of memory diagnosis method and apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN109086162A CN109086162A CN201810929296.3A CN201810929296A CN109086162A CN 109086162 A CN109086162 A CN 109086162A CN 201810929296 A CN201810929296 A CN 201810929296A CN 109086162 A CN109086162 A CN 109086162A
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- memory field
- stack area
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/08—Error detection or correction by redundancy in data representation, e.g. by using checking codes
- G06F11/10—Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out 9's or 11's
- G06F11/1008—Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out 9's or 11's in individual solid state devices
- G06F11/1012—Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out 9's or 11's in individual solid state devices using codes or arrangements adapted for a specific type of error
- G06F11/1016—Error in accessing a memory location, i.e. addressing error
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/08—Error detection or correction by redundancy in data representation, e.g. by using checking codes
- G06F11/10—Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out 9's or 11's
- G06F11/1004—Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out 9's or 11's to protect a block of data words, e.g. CRC or checksum
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of memory diagnosis method and apparatus, including memory field is divided into variable memory field and immutable memory field in advance, and first area further is marked as the first stack area in variable memory field, second area is marked as the second stack area, the area Liang Gezhan is used alternatingly, stack area of the area Ji Yigezhan when executing memory diagnosis, when another stack area is operated normally as system.For immutable memory field, the present invention calculates the practical check code of data in immutable memory field, is compared to practical check code and source check code to realize the diagnosis to immutable memory field；For can be changed memory field, if memory field currently to be diagnosed is stack area, then after by stack area successful switch to another stack area, preset memory diagnosis algorithm is called to diagnose memory field currently to be diagnosed, otherwise, preset memory diagnosis algorithm is called directly to diagnose memory field currently to be diagnosed.The present invention realizes the diagnostic test to all memory fields in system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to trusted computer system technical field more particularly to a kind of memory diagnosis method and apparatus.
Background technique
Safety-Critical System refers to that the software to composition system, hardware security rank require high system, and safety is closed
The operation of key system is directly related to the safety of human life and property.
Self diagnosis refers to that system carries out the skill for self detecting and handling to trouble or failure event by the way that diagnostic function is arranged
Art is the important means for improving security of system and reliability.
Data segment refers to one piece of region of memory for being used to store initialized global variable in program.Data segment belongs to quiet
State Memory Allocation.
Code segment refers to one piece of region of memory for being used to store program execution code.The size of this partial region is transported in program
Row before just it has been determined that and region of memory generally fall into it is read-only.
Stack (stack) is also known as storehouse, distributes release automatically by operating system, and for storing the parameter value of function, part becomes
The memory headroom of the data such as amount, return value.Due to the first in first out feature of stack, stack is used to preservation/recovery and calls scene.
Memory is one of the ost important components in computer, and the operation of all programs is all to carry out in memory in computer
, there is vital influence for the performance of computer, safety.Wherein, when immutable memory refers to system operation, number
According to the region of memory that content cannot be modified, such as code segment.When variable memory refers to system operation, data content can be by dynamic
The region of memory of modification, such as data segment, stack.Therefore in Safety-Critical System, it is essential internally to deposit into the diagnosis of row emphasis.
Presently, there are memory diagnosis method include by hardware realization and pass through two kinds of technological means of software realization.Its
In, using in hard-wired memory diagnosis method, system built-in self-test (Built-in Self Test, BIST) technology is
Testing and control structure is established inside chip circuit, and computer storage is comprehensively detected by hardware capability.Although
Built-in self test can simplify testing procedure, but increase the design complexities of chip, and this method is mostly fixed
Program can only detect memory device literacy itself, cannot test whether read-only zones are modified according to practical application.Its point
For offline and online two ways, usual off-line test is relatively more, needs system out of service, which has limited application scenarios.Always
It is applied to embedded computer technology field on body, is not suitable for PC ((personalcomputer, personal computer) and service
Device equipment.Therefore with the continuous promotion of computer performance, using the memory diagnosis method of software realization increasingly by extensive
Using.
Checkout and diagnosis module is usually inserted using the memory diagnosis method of software realization in the application, is transported in system
When row, operating system calls the checkout and diagnosis module, passes through pre-set algorithm, such as March-C, March-TB, detection
Tested memory whether there is mistake.
Specifically, generally comprising following three kinds using the memory diagnosis method of software realization:
1, the module of bypass mode is supported in method one, design.In bypass mode, according to scheduled extracting rule from will
It inputs in the data of memory and extracts the first data, and pass through the CRC of predetermined figure (CyclicRedundancy Check, circulation
Redundancy check code) checking algorithm calculates the first data of extraction, obtain the first check code；According to scheduled extracting rule
Extract the second data from that will export in the data of memory, and by the CRC check algorithm of predetermined figure to the data of extraction into
Row calculates, and obtains the second check code；First check code and the second check code are compared, memory is determined according to comparing result
Working condition.
Method one is measured in real time by internally depositing in bypass mode, is avoided in memory detection process to backbone
On data processing caused by influence.However method one can only diagnose the memory field of physical property, for code area and
These can not be diagnosed if not revisable immutable memory field configuration data if write-in, i.e., method one can not achieve to all
The diagnostic test of memory field, there are diagnosis blind areas.
2, method two, using the method for signature analysis.Such as application program carries out static analysis, completes wrong to its memory
Accidentally feature modeling；The application program is run, using EMS memory error characteristic model, creates application program described in simultaneously Dynamic Maintenance
Legal address library；Before application program accesses memory address every time, calculate the memory address that will be accessed and with legal address library
In record matched, if can not match or the end of the program before still have in legal address library and created by memory allocation function
The record built illustrates that there are EMS memory errors for the application program.
Although method two is capable of detecting when the mistakes such as out-of-bounds access in computer applied algorithm, EMS memory error release, its
It is more directed to software action to be detected, the failure of physical device cannot be diagnosed.And method two still can only be realized to can
Become the diagnosis of memory field, immutable memory field cannot achieve diagnosis, i.e. method two can not realize the diagnosis to all memory fields
Test, there are diagnosis blind areas.
3, method three, a kind of typical realization side as mentioned in " memory detection design for improving fail-safe computer reliability "
Formula.Method three detects entire memory field under the premise of system stops executing security function, using hardware mode (HBIST).?
During system is run, using software mode (SBIST) to the code segment of immutable memory field and the data segment of variable memory field
Carry out self diagnosis.Wherein, for the part HBIST, using CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device, complexity
Programmable logic device) realize March-TB algorithm, the period of test is for 24 hours, when night actual time safety equipment is in idle shape
When state, starting hardware BIST test.Software is called during computer on daytime is run by operating system, specific using calculating MD5
(Message Digest Algorithm5, Message-Digest Algorithm 5) value detects code segment memory field, using March-TB algorithm
Realize the detection of datarams area.
It is wherein as follows for the detection method of immutable memory field: (1) after software translating, to generate target and execute program text
Part parses and calculates the MD5 value of code segment；(2) target is executed into program and MD5 value is respectively stored on hard disk or FLASH；
(3) it after starting, is loaded program code at specified memory address by load module, which is the immutable area of memory；
(4) operating system calls self diagnosis module in due course, calculates the code segment MD5 value for specifying immutable memory field, and with hard disk or
MD5 value comparison on FLASH, indicates if inconsistent by malicious modification.And datarams are realized using March-TB algorithm
Area's detection.
However for method three, software detection scheme is limited by operating system characteristics, can not achieve to all memories
The diagnosis in area, wherein system stack just cannot achieve diagnosis.And it can only realize and examine the code segment in immutable memory
It is disconnected, diagnosis can not be realized for the data field (such as important configuration information) that cannot be modified during other operations.In addition the party
Do not stop operating system within case not applicable 24 hours.Those systems usually require not stop periodic duty, do not allow specially to reserve a big section
Time is for diagnosing memory.Because the method three can not realize the diagnostic test to all memory fields, there are diagnosis blind areas.
Therefore, existing memory diagnosis method all can not achieve the diagnostic test to all memory fields at present, there is diagnosis
Blind area.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of memory diagnosis method and apparatus, to solve existing memory diagnosis method all
It cannot achieve the diagnostic test to all memory fields, there are problems that diagnosing blind area.Technical solution is as follows:
Based on an aspect of of the present present invention, the present invention provides a kind of memory diagnosis method, is in advance divided into memory field variable
Memory field and immutable memory field, and using the first area in the variable memory field as the first stack area, second area conduct
Second stack area, wherein the stack area when an area Ge Zhan is when executing memory diagnosis, when another stack area is operated normally as system；
The described method includes:
For the immutable memory field, by calculating the practical check code of data in the immutable memory field, by institute
It states practical check code and source check code is compared to realize the diagnosis to the immutable memory field；Wherein, the source verification
After code is initializes immutable memory field, the check code obtained when initializing the data in immutable memory field is calculated；
For the variable memory field, judge whether memory field currently to be diagnosed is stack area, if so, by the heap
Stack area is switched to another stack area, and after by the stack area successful switch to another stack area, and preset memory diagnosis is called to calculate
Method diagnoses the memory field currently to be diagnosed；Work as if not, calling directly preset memory diagnosis algorithm to described
Preceding memory field to be diagnosed is diagnosed.
Optionally, the first area and the second area are equal in magnitude.
Optionally, described the stack area is switched to another stack area to include:
The stacked data stored in the stack area is backuped into another stack area；
Wherein, when the stack area is the first stack area, another stack area is second stack area；When the heap
When stack area is the second stack area, another stack area is first stack area.
Optionally, the method also includes:
The variable memory field is divided into the first memory block of the first quantity by configurable capacity in advance, when to described
When variable memory field is diagnosed, each cycle is successively diagnosed as unit of first memory block；
The immutable memory is divided into the second memory block of the second quantity by configurable capacity region in advance, and respectively
Calculate the source check code of each second memory block, and by the source check code of each second memory block be stored in it is described not
Variable memory field；When being diagnosed to the immutable memory field, each cycle as unit of second memory block successively into
Row diagnosis.
Optionally, method is stated further include:
Full management table memory is established, the full management table memory is for saving each first memory in the variable memory field
Each second memory block and its source check code in block, the immutable memory field, respectively with system physical memory distribution area it
Between corresponding relationship.
Optionally, the practical check code by calculating data in the immutable memory field, by the practical verification
Code is compared to realize that the diagnosis to the immutable memory field includes: with source check code
Calculate the practical check code of data in the immutable memory field；
The practical check code is compared with source check code；
When the practical check code and source check code are inconsistent, the immutable memory field error is determined.
Optionally, the practical check code for calculating data in the immutable memory field includes: superfluous using 32 circulations
Remaining checking algorithm calculates the practical check code of data in the immutable memory field；
The preset memory diagnosis algorithm includes: March-C algorithm.
Optionally, call the March-C algorithm carry out diagnosis include:
The variable memory field of a part is selected from the variable memory field of safety as the variable memory field of backup；
Data backup in variable memory field to be diagnosed is backed up into variable memory field to described；
After the variable memory field diagnosis to be diagnosed, by the data write-in institute backed up in variable memory field
It states in variable memory field to be diagnosed.
Based on another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a kind of memory diagnosis device, and described device includes:
First division unit, for memory to be divided into variable memory field and immutable memory field, and will be described variable interior
The first area in area is deposited as the first stack area, second area is as the second stack area, wherein when an area Ge Zhan is examined in execution memory
Stack area when disconnected, when another stack area is operated normally as system；
First diagnosis unit, for passing through data in the calculating immutable memory field for the immutable memory field
Practical check code, the practical check code is compared to realize with source check code, the immutable memory field is examined
It is disconnected；Wherein, the source check code is after initializing immutable memory field, to calculate and obtain when initializing the data in immutable memory field
The check code arrived；
Second opinion unit, for judging whether memory field currently to be diagnosed is storehouse for the variable memory field
It is adjusted if so, the stack area is switched to another stack area, and after by the stack area successful switch to another stack area in area
The memory field currently to be diagnosed is diagnosed with preset memory diagnosis algorithm；If not, calling directly in preset
Diagnosis algorithm is deposited to diagnose the memory field currently to be diagnosed.
Optionally, the first area and the second area are equal in magnitude.
Optionally, the stack area is switched to another stack area and includes: by the second opinion unit
The stacked data stored in the stack area is backuped to another stack area by the second opinion unit；
Wherein, when the stack area is the first stack area, another stack area is second stack area；When the heap
When stack area is the second stack area, another stack area is first stack area.
Optionally, described device further include:
Second division unit, for the variable memory field to be divided into the first memory block of the first quantity, when to described
When variable memory field is diagnosed, each cycle is successively diagnosed as unit of first memory block；And it can not by described in
Become memory field and is divided into the second memory block of the second quantity；
Computing unit, for calculating separately the source check code of each second memory block；
Storage unit, for the source check code of each second memory block to be stored in the immutable memory field；When
When diagnosing to the immutable memory field, each cycle is successively diagnosed as unit of second memory block.
Optionally, described device further include:
Table establishes unit, and for establishing full management table memory, the full management table memory is for saving the variable memory
Each first memory block in area, each second memory block and its source check code in the immutable memory field, respectively with system reality
Corresponding relationship between the Memory Allocation area on border.
Optionally, first diagnosis unit includes:
Computation subunit, for calculating the practical check code of data in the immutable memory field；
Comparing subunit, for the practical check code to be compared with source check code；
Subelement is determined, for determining the immutable memory when the practical check code and source check code are inconsistent
Area's error.
Optionally, the practical check code for calculating data in the immutable memory field includes: superfluous using 32 circulations
Remaining checking algorithm calculates the practical check code of data in the immutable memory field；
The preset memory diagnosis algorithm includes: March-C algorithm.
Optionally, the second opinion unit includes:
Subelement is chosen, it is variable interior as backup for selecting a part of variable memory field from the variable memory field of safety
Deposit area；
Backup subelement, for will be to be diagnosed variable memory field in data backup back up variable memory field to described；
Subelement is written in data, after diagnosing for variable memory field to be diagnosed described in, the backup is variable
In the data write-in variable memory field to be diagnosed in memory field.
Memory diagnosis method provided by the invention, by the way that memory is divided into variable memory field and immutable memory field, and
Further using the first area in the variable memory field as the first stack area, second area is as the second stack area, wherein when one
Stack area of the area Ge Zhan when executing memory diagnosis, when another stack area is operated normally as system.To all in system
When memory field is diagnosed, for immutable memory field, by calculating the practical check code of data in the immutable memory field,
And it is compared to the practical check code and source check code to realize the diagnosis to the immutable memory field；For it is described can
Become memory field, if memory field currently to be diagnosed is stack area, the stack area is switched to another stack area, and by institute
After stating stack area successful switch to another stack area, preset memory diagnosis algorithm is called to examine memory field currently to be diagnosed
It is disconnected；If memory field currently to be diagnosed is not stack area, preset memory diagnosis algorithm is called directly to currently wait diagnose
Memory field diagnosed.The present invention realizes the diagnostic test to all memory fields in system.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
The embodiment of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can also basis
The attached drawing of offer obtains other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of memory diagnosis method provided by the invention；
Fig. 2 is the diagnostic flow chart in the present invention for immutable memory field；
Fig. 3 is the realization process schematic of March-C algorithm in the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the diagnostic flow chart in the present invention for can be changed memory field；
Fig. 5 is another diagnostic flow chart in the present invention for can be changed memory field；
Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of memory diagnosis device provided by the invention；
Fig. 7 is another structural schematic diagram of memory diagnosis device provided by the invention；
Fig. 8 is the structural schematic diagram of the first diagnosis unit in the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the structural schematic diagram of second opinion unit in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
One of main thought of the invention includes but is not limited to: the characteristics of being used according to memory, in advance will be in system
It deposits zoning and is divided into variable memory field (also referred to as read-write memory field) and immutable memory field (also referred to as not writeable memory field).Further
For the diagnosis of stack memory, two pieces of regions, respectively first area and second area are marked in variable memory field, and by the
One region is as the first stack area, and second area is as the second stack area, which is used alternatingly, specifically, when one of them
Stack area of the stack area when executing memory diagnosis, when another stack area is then used as system to operate normally.Wherein preferably, of the invention
The two pieces of area sizes marked in variable memory field are equal, i.e. first area and second area is equal in magnitude.
The present invention respectively defines difference for variable memory field, immutable memory field and stack area in memory field
Diagnostic method, specifically, as shown in Figure 1:
Step 101, for immutable memory field, by calculating the practical check code of data in the immutable memory field,
It is compared to the practical check code and source check code to realize the diagnosis to the immutable memory field.Wherein, the source
Check code is after initializing immutable memory field, to calculate the school obtained when initializing the data in immutable memory field before diagnosing
Test code.
Specifically in embodiments of the present invention, the method diagnosed to immutable memory field can use following steps 001-
004 realizes:
Step 001, the practical check code of data in the immutable memory field is calculated.
The present invention can calculate the practical school of data in the immutable memory field using 32 cyclic redundancy check algorithms
Test code.
Step 002, the practical check code being calculated is compared with source check code.When practical check code and source verify
When code is inconsistent, step 003 is executed, when practical check code is consistent with source check code, executes step 004.
Step 003, the immutable memory field error is determined.
Step 004, it determines the immutable memory field safety, and terminates to diagnose.
Step 102, for variable memory field, first determine whether memory field currently to be diagnosed is stack area, if so,
Step 103 is executed, if not, executing step 104.
Step 103, the stack area is switched to another stack area, and by the stack area successful switch to another stack area
Afterwards, preset memory diagnosis algorithm is called to diagnose the memory field currently to be diagnosed.
Specifically in embodiments of the present invention, the stack area is switched to another stack area specifically, by the stack area
The stacked data of storage backups to another stack area.Under normal conditions, the stacked data stored in stack area includes that system is normally transported
Stacked data when row.
Specifically, when the first stack area is stack area, another stack area is then the second stack area, and the present invention is to the first stack area
Before executing memory diagnosis, the stacked data stored in the first stack area is backuped into the second stack area first, the second stack area at this time after
Stack area when the continuous normal operation as system, and preset memory diagnosis algorithm is called to execute memory diagnosis to the first stack area.
Similarly, when the second stack area is stack area, another stack area is then the first stack area, and the present invention is executing memory diagnosis to the second stack area
Before, the stacked data stored in the second stack area is backuped into the first stack area first, the first stack area at this time continues as system just
Often stack area when operation, and preset memory diagnosis algorithm is called to execute memory diagnosis to the second stack area.
Step 104, preset memory diagnosis algorithm is called directly to diagnose the memory field currently to be diagnosed.
In the embodiment of the present invention, preset memory diagnosis algorithm is stored in immutable memory field, and the present invention is determining
When knowing that currently the memory field wait diagnose is not stack area, is directly obtained from immutable memory field and call preset memory diagnosis
Algorithm diagnoses the memory field currently to be diagnosed.
The present invention, and further will be in variable memory field by the way that memory is divided into variable memory field and immutable memory field
First area as the first stack area, second area is used alternatingly as the second stack area, the area Liang Gezhan.Wherein when an area Ge Zhan exists
Stack area when executing memory diagnosis, when another stack area is operated normally as system.To all memory fields in system into
When row diagnosis, the present invention is directed to immutable memory field, by calculating the practical check code of data in immutable memory field, and by institute
It states practical check code and source check code is compared to realize the diagnosis to immutable memory field；For can be changed memory field, if
Memory field currently to be diagnosed is stack area, then the stack area is switched to another stack area, and the stack area is successful
After being switched to another stack area, preset memory diagnosis algorithm is called to diagnose memory field currently to be diagnosed；If current
Memory field to be diagnosed is not stack area, then calls directly preset memory diagnosis algorithm and carry out to memory field currently to be diagnosed
Diagnosis.The present invention realizes the diagnostic test to all memory fields in system.
Below inventor will to how to be realized respectively in technical solution provided by the invention to variable memory field, it is immutable in
The specific diagnostic method for depositing area and stack area is discussed in detail.
Inventor using March-c it should be noted that in the present invention, after system initial start-up, can first be calculated first
Method detects entire memory field one time, believes when the entire memory field of determination is without exception, then by feasibility code, system configuration
Breath, other non-variable informations are loaded into and specify immutable memory field.
One: for immutable memory field.
In actual application of the present invention, immutable memory field is for storing not the data for allowing to be modified, such as journey
Sequence code segment, important configuration data and other significant datas etc..These do not allow the data modified to be typically stored in
On the nonvolatile memories such as hard disk or FLASH, after system starting, it is loaded into specified immutable memory field.These
Data once being written in immutable memory field once no longer change because once changing, it will generated to system function tight
It endangers again, influences the safety of system.
The present invention uses 32 cyclic redundancy check modes for the diagnosis of immutable memory field, therefore in system initialization
When, first calculate the source check code of the immutable memory field, i.e. CRC (Cyclic RedundancyCheck, cyclic redundancy check
Code) 32 check codes calculate the practical check code of the immutable memory field when being diagnosed again, by the practical check code and
Source check code is compared, if unanimously, can determine the immutable memory field safety, and terminate to diagnose, if inconsistent,
Then determine the immutable memory field error.
For the above-mentioned diagnostic method about immutable memory field, the present inventor is it has furthermore been found that usual situation
Under immutable memory field it is very big, as a whole by immutable memory field, calculated using 32 cyclic redundancy check algorithms
The time of CRC32 check code can be very long, influences the performance of system.Therefore in embodiments of the present invention, the present invention, can before diagnosis
Immutable memory field is divided into the second memory block of the second quantity by configurable capacity in advance.Wherein preferably, this
The second memory block of two quantity is equal-sized memory block, i.e., the present invention can be in advance by immutable memory field by fixed big
Small to be divided into multiple equal-sized second memory blocks, fixed size is, for example, 4KB, 8KB etc., can be according to actual processor
It can determine that.It is specific for example, the immutable memory field of 1M memory is divided into the memory block of 1024 1K by the present invention, or by 1G memory
Immutable memory field be divided into the memory block of 1024 1M.
Before diagnosis, the present invention first calculates separately out the source CRC32 check code of each second memory block, and will be calculated
The source CRC32 check code of each second memory block is stored in immutable memory field.
When system diagnoses immutable memory field, each cycle is successively examined as unit of second memory block
It is disconnected.Assuming that current immutable memory field is divided into 5 equal-sized second memory blocks, respectively memory block 1, memory block 2,
Memory block 3, memory block 4 and memory block 5, as shown in connection with fig. 2:
Step 201, memory block 1 to be diagnosed is determined.
The present invention selects 1 conduct of memory block from memory block 1, memory block 2, memory block 3, memory block 4 and memory block 5 first
Memory block currently to be diagnosed.
Step 202, the practical CRC32 check code of memory block 1 is calculated using 32 cyclic redundancy check algorithms.
Step 203, the memory block 1 that will be calculated before the practical CRC32 check code for the memory block 1 being calculated and diagnosis
Source CRC32 check code be compared.If thening follow the steps 204 than more consistent, if inconsistent, step 205 is executed.
Step 204, continue to choose next memory block as memory block to be diagnosed, and use and diagnose the memory block 1
Same treatment method diagnoses next memory block, until all memory blocks in immutable memory field are completed to diagnose.
Next memory block is any one in also undiagnosed memory block 2, memory block 3, memory block 4 and memory block 5
It is a.
Step 205, it determines that memory block 1 malfunctions, and executes step 204.
In embodiments of the present invention, when diagnosing to immutable memory field, an interval between diagnosis only diagnoses one second
Memory block is diagnosed by loop cycle.So for example for the immutable memory field of a 1GB size, with 25ms for one
Interval between diagnosis, the second memory block size are for 4KB, then only need can be achieved with for 1.82 hours examines the whole district of immutable memory field
It is disconnected.Therefore, each interval between diagnosis only diagnoses the second memory block of certain fixed size in the present invention, and algorithm execution time can be true
It is fixed, and diagnose each second memory block by loop cycle, for each interval between diagnosis, needed for the execution time it is few, have
Effect improves the real-time of system.
Two: for can be changed memory field.
Variable memory field in the present invention is made of the first stack area, the second stack area and other memory field three parts.This hair
It is bright when executing memory diagnosis to variable memory field, in conjunction with above and attached drawing 1 is it is found that if memory field currently to be diagnosed is
When stack area, the stack area is first switched to another stack area by the present invention, and by the stack area successful switch to another stack
Qu Hou, then go that preset memory diagnosis algorithm is called to diagnose memory field currently to be diagnosed.If currently to be diagnosed
When memory field is not stack area, then calls directly preset memory diagnosis algorithm and memory field currently to be diagnosed is diagnosed.
In actual application of the present invention, the data of variable memory field storage can be repaired dynamically when system is run
Change.In general, can be changed memory field section, stack etc. for storing data.
Stack area in variable memory field is a kind of special memory field, is to distribute release automatically by operating system, is used for
Store the memory headroom of the data such as parameter value, local variable, the return value of function.When there is operating system, operating system itself
Also it will use stack area；When diagnostic program is called by the operating systems, stack area can be also occupied.Therefore stack area carry out detection examine
When disconnected, interior data cannot be modified at will, and system crash is otherwise easily caused.
Based on this, the present invention, which innovates, to be proposed, marks off two pieces of regions, respectively first area in variable memory field first
And second area.Wherein first area is used alternatingly as the first stack area, second area as the second stack area, the area Liang Gezhan,
Stack area i.e. when an area Ge Zhan is when executing memory diagnosis, another stack area is operated normally as system, for storing system
Stacked data when system operates normally.
Specifically, it is assumed that stack area when current first stack area is operated normally as system, then the present invention is needed to the
When one stack area executes diagnosis, detect stack area when the first stack area is operated normally as system, then it is of the invention by this
The stacked data stored in one stack area backups to the second stack area, and successfully backups to by the stacked data stored in the first stack area
Behind second stack area, then goes from immutable memory field to obtain and preset memory diagnosis algorithm is called to examine the first stack area
It is disconnected.
Optionally, the present invention, can be by stack area again switchback the first stack area after the completion of diagnosing to the first stack area, can also
The first stack of not switchback area, stack area when continuing to operate normally as system by the second stack area.
Diagnosis of the present invention for can be changed memory field detects its internal memory primarily directed to the data field in variable memory field
Whether the literacy of part intact, specifically for example, by using March-C algorithm detection RAM (random access memory, at random
Access memory) the DC fault model that is likely to occur and coupling fault etc..
March-C algorithm is March algorithm more common at present, and algorithm complexity is moderate, and diagnosis validity is high, tool
Body realizes that process is seen shown in Fig. 3, including 6 steps.
However in actual application of the present invention, since March-C algorithm needs to modify in tested variable memory field
Data, the data being tested in variable memory field in order to prevent are modified, and meet the diagnosis to tested variable memory field again, this
Invention it is further proposed that, as shown in Figure 4:
Step 401, the variable memory field of a part is selected from the variable memory field of safety as the variable memory field of backup.
The wherein memory field that safe variable memory field refers to no exceptions, do not malfunction.
By taking the area RAM as an example, when the tested area RAM needs to be diagnosed, first from diagnosis has been passed through, safety other are determined
Backup RAM area of at least one area RAM as the tested area RAM is selected in the area RAM.
Step 402, the data backup in variable memory field to be diagnosed is backed up into variable memory field to described.
After selecting the area backup RAM, the data in the tested area RAM are copied in the area backup RAM.
Step 403, after the variable memory field diagnosis to be diagnosed, by the number backed up in variable memory field
According in the write-in variable memory field to be diagnosed.
After the diagnosis of the tested area RAM, the data in the area backup RAM are re-write again in the tested area RAM.
It preferably, will be in the area backup RAM after the present invention re-writes the data in the area backup RAM in the tested area RAM
Data are deleted.
The present embodiments relate to specific implementation cataloged procedure it is as follows:
int ram_test(const int ram_start[],
const int safe_start[]
const int size)
Parameter:
Ram_start: the area RAM to be measured initial address
Safe_start: the safe area RAM initial address (for backing up the tested area RAM data)
Size: the area RAM to be measured size
Return value: err---RAM failure
Good---RAM is normal
Function name: march-c algorithm executes entrance function
int march_c_test(const int ram_start[],
const int size)
Parameter:
Ram_start: the area RAM to be measured initial address
Size: the area RAM to be measured size
Return value: err---RAM failure
Good---RAM is normal
Function name: march-c algorithm address ascending order march function
int march_c_incre(const int ram_start[],
const int size
const int read,
const int write)
Parameter:
Ram_start: the area RAM to be measured initial address
Size: the area RAM to be measured size
Target value is read in read:march operation
Target value is write in write:march operation
Return value: the address err--- is incremented by march test and does not pass through
The address ok--- is incremented by march test and passes through
Implementation of pseudocode:
In embodiments of the present invention, although the tested area RAM some data when being diagnosed using March-C algorithm are repaired
Change, but the data in the area backup RAM are exactly the data before the tested area RAM diagnosis, by the data in the area backup RAM re-write by
It surveys in the area RAM, ensure that the tested area RAM after diagnosis, the data of storage are constant.
For the above-mentioned diagnostic method about variable memory field, the present inventor is it has furthermore been found that under normal conditions
Variable memory field is also very big, as a whole by variable memory field, carries out diagnosing the required time using March-C algorithm
Can be very long, influence the performance of system.Therefore in embodiments of the present invention, the present invention is before diagnosis, in advance by variable memory field (packet
Include the first stack area, the second stack area and other memory fields) the first memory block of the first quantity is divided by configurable capacity.
Wherein preferably, the first memory block of first quantity is equal-sized memory block, i.e. the present invention can be pre-
Variable memory field is first divided into multiple equal-sized first memory blocks by fixed size, fixed size be, for example, 4KB,
8KB etc. can be determined according to actual processor performance.Specifically for example, the variable memory field of 1M memory is divided into 1024 by the present invention
The memory block of a 1K, or the variable memory field of 1G memory is divided into the memory block of 1024 1M.
When system diagnoses variable memory field, each cycle is successively examined as unit of first memory block
It is disconnected.It is respectively memory block A, memory block B, interior assuming that currently variable memory field is divided into 5 equal-sized first memory blocks
Counterfoil C, memory block D and memory block E, as shown in connection with fig. 5:
Step 501, memory block A to be diagnosed is determined.
The present invention selects memory block A conduct from memory block A, memory block B, memory block C, memory block D and memory block E first
Memory block currently to be diagnosed.
Step 502, memory block A is diagnosed using March-C algorithm.
The concrete methods of realizing of step 502, that is, abovementioned steps 401- step 403 implementation method, sends out herein in the present embodiment
Bright people is not repeating.
Step 503, after memory block A diagnosis, continue to choose next memory block as memory block to be diagnosed, and use
Next memory block is diagnosed with the same treatment method for diagnosing the memory block A, until all memories in variable memory field
Block is completed to diagnose.
Next memory block is any one in also undiagnosed memory block B, memory block C, memory block D and memory block E
It is a.
In embodiments of the present invention, when diagnosing to variable memory field, an interval between diagnosis is only diagnosed in one first
Counterfoil is diagnosed by loop cycle.It is a diagnosis with 25ms so for example for the variable memory field of a 2GB size
Period, the first memory block size are then only to need to can be achieved within 3.64 hours whole district's diagnosis to variable memory field for 4KB.Cause
This, each interval between diagnosis only diagnoses the first memory block of certain fixed size in the present invention, and algorithm execution time can determine, and
Diagnose each first memory block by loop cycle, for each interval between diagnosis, needed for the execution time it is few, effectively improve
The real-time of system.
In the above-described embodiments, variable memory field is divided into the first memory block of the first quantity by the present invention, will be immutable
Memory field is divided into after the second quantity the second memory block, for entire memory field, be divided into the first quantity+
Second quantity memory block.For the ease of to memory blocks all in memory field management and each memory block it is corresponding
It is which Memory Allocation area in system reality, the present invention can establish a full management table memory, and the full management table memory is independent
It is as shown in table 1 below in operating system:
Table 1
The full management table memory is for saving each first memory block in variable memory field, each the in immutable memory field
Two memory blocks and its source check code distribute the corresponding relationship between area system physical memory respectively.For example, operating system is real
Code area in border corresponds to the code area in full management table memory, and the code area in the full management table memory is immutable memory
Area, the stack area of operating system correspond to the stack area in full management table memory, and the stack area in the full management table memory is variable
Memory field.
Memory diagnosis method provided by the invention, by the way that memory is divided into variable memory field and immutable memory field, and
Further using the first area in the variable memory field as the first stack area, second area is as the second stack area, the area Liang Gezhan
It is used alternatingly, the stack area when an area Ge Zhan is when executing memory diagnosis, another stack area is operated normally as system.Right
When all memory fields in system are diagnosed, for immutable memory field, by calculating data in the immutable memory field
Practical check code, and the practical check code is compared to realize with source check code, the immutable memory field is examined
It is disconnected；For the variable memory field, if memory field currently to be diagnosed is stack area, the stack area is switched to another
Stack area, and after by the stack area successful switch to another stack area, call preset memory diagnosis algorithm to currently wait diagnose
Memory field diagnosed；If memory field currently to be diagnosed is not stack area, calls directly preset memory diagnosis and calculate
Method diagnoses memory field currently to be diagnosed, and the present invention realizes the diagnostic test to all memory fields in system.
In addition, variable memory field and immutable memory field are used fixed block mode by the present invention, by variable memory field and
Immutable memory field is respectively divided into multiple memory blocks, and periodic diagnostics are carried out as unit of memory block, effectively increase system
Real-time.And the present invention realizes each memory block and system physical memory in memory field by full management table memory and distributes area
Between association.
The present invention is realized by software mode, effectively prevents the complexity of hardware design and the influence that reliability is low.This
Invention is suitable for having operating system and the computer system without operating system (naked race), portable good, can it is cracking and its
His device system software is integrated.
Based on a kind of memory diagnosis method provided by the invention above, the present invention also provides a kind of memory diagnosis devices, such as
Shown in Fig. 6, comprising:
First division unit 100, for memory to be divided into variable memory field and immutable memory field, and will be described variable
First area in memory field is as the first stack area, and second area is as the second stack area, wherein when an area Ge Zhan is executing memory
Stack area when diagnosis, when another stack area is operated normally as system.
Wherein preferably, the first area in the present invention and second area are equal in magnitude.
First diagnosis unit 200, for being counted by calculating in the immutable memory field for the immutable memory field
According to practical check code, the practical check code is compared to realize with source check code, the immutable memory field is examined
It is disconnected；Wherein, the source check code is after initializing immutable memory field, to calculate and obtain when initializing the data in immutable memory field
The check code arrived.
The method that the first diagnosis unit 200 calculates the practical check code of data in the immutable memory field in the present invention can
With with the following method: calculating the practical verification of data in the immutable memory field using 32 cyclic redundancy check algorithms
Code.
Second opinion unit 300, for judging whether memory field currently to be diagnosed is heap for the variable memory field
Stack area, if so, the stack area is switched to another stack area, and after by the stack area successful switch to another stack area,
Preset memory diagnosis algorithm is called to diagnose the memory field currently to be diagnosed；If not, calling directly preset
Memory diagnosis algorithm diagnoses the memory field currently to be diagnosed.
Preset memory diagnosis algorithm can be March-C algorithm in the present invention.Second opinion unit 300 will in the present invention
Stack area is switched to another stack area can be specifically, second opinion unit 300 backups to the stacked data stored in stack area
Another stack area；Wherein, when the stack area is the first stack area, another stack area is the second stack area；When the stack area is
When the second stack area, another stack area is the first stack area.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 7, memory diagnosis device provided by the invention can also include:
Second division unit 400, for the variable memory field to be divided into the first quantity the by configurable capacity
One memory block, when diagnosing to the variable memory field, each cycle is successively examined as unit of first memory block
It is disconnected；And the immutable memory field is divided into the second memory block of the second quantity by configurable capacity；
Computing unit 500, for calculating separately the source check code of each second memory block；
Storage unit 600, for the source check code of each second memory block to be stored in the immutable memory field；
When diagnosing to the immutable memory field, each cycle is successively diagnosed as unit of second memory block.
Further memory diagnosis device provided by the invention can also include:
Table establishes unit, and for establishing full management table memory, the full management table memory is for saving in variable memory field
Each second memory block and its source check code in each first memory block, immutable memory field, respectively with system physical memory
Distribute the corresponding relationship between area.
Specifically in the present invention, as shown in figure 8, the first diagnosis unit 200 may include:
Computation subunit 201, for calculating the practical check code of data in the immutable memory field；
Comparing subunit 202, for the practical check code to be compared with source check code；
Determine subelement 202, it is described immutable interior for determining when the practical check code and source check code are inconsistent
Deposit area's error.
As shown in figure 9, second opinion unit 300 may include:
Subelement is chosen, 301 can as backup for selecting the variable memory field of a part from the variable memory field of safety
Become memory field；
Backup subelement 302, for will be to be diagnosed variable memory field in data backup back up variable memory to described
Area；
Subelement 303 is written in data, can by the backup after diagnosing for variable memory field to be diagnosed described in
Become in the data write-in variable memory field to be diagnosed in memory field.
It should be noted that all the embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment weight
Point explanation is the difference from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other.
For device class embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, so being described relatively simple, related place ginseng
See the part explanation of embodiment of the method.
Finally, it is to be noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second and the like be used merely to by
One entity or operation are distinguished with another entity or operation, without necessarily requiring or implying these entities or operation
Between there are any actual relationship or orders.Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or its any other variant meaning
Covering non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or equipment for including a series of elements not only includes that
A little elements, but also including other elements that are not explicitly listed, or further include for this process, method, article or
The intrinsic element of equipment.In the absence of more restrictions, the element limited by sentence "including a ...", is not arranged
Except there is also other identical elements in the process, method, article or apparatus that includes the element.
A kind of memory diagnosis method and apparatus provided by the present invention are described in detail above, it is used herein
A specific example illustrates the principle and implementation of the invention, and the above embodiments are only used to help understand originally
The method and its core concept of invention；At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the thought of the present invention, specific
There will be changes in embodiment and application range, in conclusion the content of the present specification should not be construed as to of the invention
Limitation.
Claims (16)
1. a kind of memory diagnosis method, which is characterized in that memory field is divided into variable memory field and immutable memory field in advance,
And using the first area in the variable memory field as the first stack area, second area is as the second stack area, wherein when a stack
Stack area of the area when executing memory diagnosis, when another stack area is operated normally as system；The described method includes:
For the immutable memory field, by calculating the practical check code of data in the immutable memory field, by the reality
Border check code and source check code are compared to realize the diagnosis to the immutable memory field；Wherein, the source check code is
After initializing immutable memory field, the check code obtained when initializing the data in immutable memory field is calculated；
For the variable memory field, judge whether memory field currently to be diagnosed is stack area, if so, by the stack area
It is switched to another stack area, and after by the stack area successful switch to another stack area, calls preset memory diagnosis algorithm pair
The memory field currently to be diagnosed is diagnosed；If not, call directly preset memory diagnosis algorithm to it is described currently to
The memory field of diagnosis is diagnosed.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the first area and the second area are equal in magnitude.
3. the stack area be switched to another stack area including: the method according to claim 1, wherein described
The stacked data stored in the stack area is backuped into another stack area；
Wherein, when the stack area is the first stack area, another stack area is second stack area；When the stack area
When for the second stack area, another stack area is first stack area.
4. method according to claim 1-3, which is characterized in that the method also includes:
The variable memory field is divided into the first memory block of the first quantity by configurable capacity in advance, when to described variable
When memory field is diagnosed, each cycle is successively diagnosed as unit of first memory block；
The immutable memory field is divided into the second memory block of the second quantity by configurable capacity in advance, and is calculated separately
The source check code of each second memory block, and the source check code of each second memory block is stored in described immutable
Memory field；When diagnosing to the immutable memory field, each cycle is successively examined as unit of second memory block
It is disconnected.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the method also includes:
Establish full management table memory, the full management table memory for save each first memory block in the variable memory field,
Each second memory block and its source check code in the immutable memory field, respectively between system physical memory distribution area
Corresponding relationship.
6. the method according to claim 1, wherein described by calculating data in the immutable memory field
Practical check code is compared to the practical check code and source check code to realize the diagnosis packet to the immutable memory field
It includes:
Calculate the practical check code of data in the immutable memory field；
The practical check code is compared with source check code；
When the practical check code and source check code are inconsistent, the immutable memory field error is determined.
7. method according to claim 1-3, which is characterized in that
The practical check code for calculating data in the immutable memory field includes: using 32 cyclic redundancy check algorithm meters
Calculate the practical check code of data in the immutable memory field；
The preset memory diagnosis algorithm includes: March-C algorithm.
8. the method according to the description of claim 7 is characterized in that call the March-C algorithm carry out diagnosis include:
The variable memory field of a part is selected from the variable memory field of safety as the variable memory field of backup；
Data backup in variable memory field to be diagnosed is backed up into variable memory field to described；
After the variable memory field diagnosis to be diagnosed, by the data write-in backed up in variable memory field it is described to
In the variable memory field of diagnosis.
9. a kind of memory diagnosis device, which is characterized in that described device includes:
First division unit, for memory to be divided into variable memory field and immutable memory field, and by the variable memory field
In first area as the first stack area, second area is as the second stack area, wherein when an area Ge Zhan is when executing memory diagnosis,
Stack area when another stack area is operated normally as system；
First diagnosis unit, for passing through the reality of data in the calculating immutable memory field for the immutable memory field
Border check code is compared to the practical check code and source check code to realize the diagnosis to the immutable memory field；Its
In, the source check code is to obtain when calculating the data in the immutable memory field of initialization after initializing immutable memory field
Check code；
Second opinion unit, for judging whether memory field currently to be diagnosed is stack area, such as the variable memory field
Fruit is the stack area to be switched to another stack area, and after by the stack area successful switch to another stack area, is called default
Memory diagnosis algorithm the memory field currently to be diagnosed is diagnosed；If not, calling directly preset memory diagnosis
Algorithm diagnoses the memory field currently to be diagnosed.
10. device according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the first area and the second area are equal in magnitude.
11. device according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the stack area is switched to by the second opinion unit
Another stack area includes:
The stacked data stored in the stack area is backuped to another stack area by the second opinion unit；
Wherein, when the stack area is the first stack area, another stack area is second stack area；When the stack area
When for the second stack area, another stack area is first stack area.
12. according to the described in any item devices of claim 9-11, which is characterized in that described device further include:
Second division unit, for the variable memory field to be divided into the first memory of the first quantity by configurable capacity
Block, when diagnosing to the variable memory field, each cycle is successively diagnosed as unit of first memory block；With
And the immutable memory field is divided into the second memory block of the second quantity by configurable capacity；
Computing unit, for calculating separately the source check code of each second memory block；
Storage unit, for the source check code of each second memory block to be stored in the immutable memory field；When to institute
When stating immutable memory field and being diagnosed, each cycle is successively diagnosed as unit of second memory block.
13. device according to claim 12, which is characterized in that described device further include:
Table establishes unit, and for establishing full management table memory, the full management table memory is for saving each first memory
Block, second memory block distribute the corresponding relationship between area system physical memory respectively.
14. device according to claim 9, which is characterized in that first diagnosis unit includes:
Computation subunit, for calculating the practical check code of data in the immutable memory field；
Comparing subunit, for the practical check code to be compared with source check code；
Subelement is determined, for determining that the immutable memory field goes out when the practical check code and source check code are inconsistent
It is wrong.
15. according to the described in any item devices of claim 9-11, which is characterized in that
The practical check code for calculating data in the immutable memory field includes: using 32 cyclic redundancy check algorithm meters
Calculate the practical check code of data in the immutable memory field；
The preset memory diagnosis algorithm includes: March-C algorithm.
16. device according to claim 15, which is characterized in that the second opinion unit includes:
Subelement is chosen, for selecting the variable memory field of a part from the variable memory field of safety as the variable memory of backup
Area；
Backup subelement, for will be to be diagnosed variable memory field in data backup back up variable memory field to described；
Subelement is written in data, for backing up variable memory for described after the variable memory field diagnosis to be diagnosed
In the data write-in variable memory field to be diagnosed in area.
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