CN109081987B - 一种改性pet发泡材料及其成型方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种PET发泡材料及其成型方法,属于发泡材料领域,PET发泡材料是将PET树脂、LDPE、相容剂、发泡剂、交联剂过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)、发泡助剂氧化锌、硬脂酸、抗氧剂混密炼混合制备PET预发泡材料,再通过模压成型发泡,制备得改性PET发泡材料。制备的PET发泡材料利用其优良的耐溶剂、耐热性、卫生性、热绝缘性和良好的环境效应,这种发泡材料可在包装、汽车、热绝缘、建筑等领域发挥重要的作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于发泡材料领域,尤其涉及一种改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)发泡材料及其成型方法。
技术背景
PET树脂是一种具备耐化学药品性、韧性、耐热性、电绝缘性、安全性等,易于加工成型的热塑型高分子材料。PET树脂熔融温度245~260℃之间,成型加工温度一般在250~280℃。PET流动性极好。是一种半结晶形高聚物,其结晶速率较慢,注塑时需要较高的模具温度。
纯PET熔体强度低,发泡性能差,本发明技术人员在做PET发泡材料时,曾尝试将发泡剂均匀分散到PET中,再发泡。但是PET熔融温度高(250℃左右),而聚酯发泡剂分解温度约在240℃,低于PET熔融温度,因此难以直接将发泡剂混入PET中进行发泡。
所以需要对PET材料进行改性,如提高PET的黏度。通过共混或填充的方法能够实现增加PET的黏度。在本发明中,主要是将PET与LDPE共混,提高PET的黏度和发泡性能。因为LDPE熔体强度高,黏度高,发泡性能好,是合适的改性剂。这样,通过密炼机混合,再通过模压发泡,制得了PET/LDPE发泡材料。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供了一种PET发泡材料及其成型方法,PET发泡材料是将PET树脂、LDPE、相容剂、发泡剂、交联剂过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)、发泡助剂氧化锌、硬脂酸、抗氧剂混密炼混合制备PET预发泡材料,再通过模压成型发泡,制备得改性PET发泡材料。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明具体技术方案为:
PET发泡材料发泡配方为:
其原料组成按重量份数计,称取PET树脂、LDPE、相容剂、发泡剂:PET发泡剂、交联剂:过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)、氧化锌、硬脂酸、抗氧剂1010的总份数100份,其中PET树脂10~30份、LDPE占50~82.5份,相容剂为5~10份,交联剂过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)0.2~0.4份,PET发泡剂1~6份,氧化锌0.5~2份,硬脂酸0.5~2份,抗氧剂1010 0.3~0.6份。
所述的PET发泡剂为DF209,该发泡剂分解温度高,可达到240℃,适合PET聚酯发泡。
所述相容剂为EVA或聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐(LDPE-g-MAH),优选EVA,因为EVA不仅可以作为相容剂,提高PET与LDPE相容性,还具有优异的发泡性能,可提高PET发泡材料的力学性能。
PET发泡材料工艺为:
制备PET预发泡共混材料:将PET树脂、LDPE、相容剂、交联剂过氧化二异丙苯(DCP),PET发泡剂、氧化锌、硬脂酸、抗氧剂1010按照一定重量比在密炼机中密炼混合5~10min,温度112~115℃,转速30~40r/min。
在112~115℃这个温度范围内,LDPE能够软化熔融,PET不能软化熔融,虽然PET不能熔融,但能够被软化熔融的LDPE包裹,这样发泡助剂和发泡剂主要分散在LDPE之中,而PET小颗粒能够分散在LDPE之中。LDPE用量较高(不低于50份),完全满足发泡剂的分散。如果没有LDPE,则发泡助剂和发泡剂难以有效分散到PET/LDPE树脂中。因此,在本发明中,LDPE起到载体作用,而且LDPE熔融温度低,熔体强度高,发泡性能好,是改善PET发泡性能的良好材料。控制密炼温度112~115℃,而DCP分解温度120~125℃,即使由于密炼机转子摩擦生热,密炼温度也不会高于120℃,则保证PET发泡剂不分解。
制备PET发泡材料:将PET预发泡共混材料通过模压发泡。发泡温度范围可取250~270℃,压力可控制在1~20MPa,发泡时间5~30min。
在250~270℃温度范围内,PET软化、熔融,可与LDPE融为一体,分散在LDPE中的PET发泡剂分解,产生的气泡在PET/LDPE基体中膨胀,同时DCP分解,塑料基体发生部分交联,熔体强度提高,有利于发泡和交联的匹配。
本发明的优点:本发明制备的PET/LDPE共混泡沫材料泡孔均匀、密度小、力学性能佳,并且PET/LDPE组分间相容性好;形成的PET发泡材料,具有良好的弹性和综合性能,可用于包装、汽车、热绝缘、建筑、缓冲衬垫、吸声降噪等领域。
附图说明
图1为实施例1改性PET发泡材料的泡沫结构图;
图2为实施例2改性PET发泡材料的泡沫结构图;
图3为实施例3改性PET发泡材料的泡沫结构图;
图4为对比例1改性PET发泡材料的泡沫结构图;
图5为对比例2改性PET发泡材料的泡沫结构图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实验对象对本发明作进一步说明,但本发明的保护范围并不限于此。
实施例1
按重量份数计,发泡材料配方为:
PET树脂25份,LDPE66.4份,EVA5份,交联剂过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)0.3份,PET发泡剂2份,氧化锌0.5份,硬脂酸0.5份,抗氧剂1010 0.3份。
材料的牌号或型号为:PET(牌号WK801),浙江万凯新材料有限公司。LDPE(牌号2102TN26),齐鲁石化。过氧化二异丙苯(DCP),工业级。PET发泡剂,型号DF209,市售。氧化锌(ZnO),分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司。抗氧剂1010,工业级。硬脂酸,分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司。
发泡材料制备工艺:
制备PET预发泡共混材料:将PET树脂、LDPE、EVA、交联剂过氧化二异丙苯(DCP),PET发泡剂、氧化锌、硬脂酸、抗氧剂1010按照一定重量比在密炼机中密炼混合6min,温度112℃,转速35r/min。
制备改性PET发泡材料:将PET预发泡共混材料通过模压发泡。发泡温度为250℃,压力控制在10MPa,发泡时间10min,发泡后得改性PET发泡材料。
取出改性PET发泡材料。测得泡沫密度为0.36g/cm3,拉伸强度为2.2MPa,断裂伸长率30%。泡沫结构见图1。泡孔直径约为0.3~0.5mm。
实施例2
按重量份数计,发泡材料配方为:
PET树脂20份、LDPE68.4份,LDPE-g-MAH7份,交联剂过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)0.3份,PET发泡剂3份,氧化锌0.5份,硬脂酸0.5份,抗氧剂10100.3份。
材料的牌号或型号为:PET(牌号WK801),浙江万凯新材料有限公司。LDPE(牌号2102TN26),齐鲁石化。过氧化二异丙苯(DCP),工业级。PET发泡剂,型号DF209,市售。氧化锌(ZnO),分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司。抗氧剂1010,工业级。硬脂酸,分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司。
发泡材料制备工艺:
制备PET预发泡共混材料:将PET树脂、LDPE、LDPE-g-MAH、交联剂过氧化二异丙苯(DCP),PET发泡剂、氧化锌、硬脂酸、抗氧剂1010按照一定重量比在密炼机中密炼混合6min,温度115℃,转速35r/min。
制备发泡材料:将PET预发泡共混材料通过模压发泡。发泡温度为255℃,压力控制在10MPa,发泡时间10min,发泡后得改性PET发泡材料。
取出发泡材料。测得泡沫密度为0.25g/cm3,拉伸强度为2.0MPa,断裂伸长率34%。泡沫结构见图2。泡孔直径约为0.4~0.6mm。
实施例3
按重量份数计,发泡材料配方为:
PET树脂15份、LDPE71.4份,EVA8份,交联剂过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)0.3份,PET发泡剂4份,氧化锌0.5份,硬脂酸0.5份,抗氧剂10100.3份。
材料的牌号或型号为:PET(牌号WK801),浙江万凯新材料有限公司。LDPE(牌号2102TN26),齐鲁石化。过氧化二异丙苯(DCP),工业级。PET发泡剂,型号DF209,市售。氧化锌(ZnO),分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司。抗氧剂1010,工业级。硬脂酸,分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司。
发泡材料制备工艺:
制备PET预发泡共混材料:将PET树脂、LDPE、EVA、交联剂过氧化二异丙苯(DCP),PET发泡剂、氧化锌、硬脂酸、抗氧剂1010按照一定重量比在密炼机中密炼混合6min,温度115℃,转速35r/min。
制备发泡材料:将PET预发泡共混材料通过模压发泡。发泡温度为255℃,压力控制在10MPa,发泡时间12min,发泡后得改性PET发泡材料。
取出发泡材料。测得泡沫密度为0.19g/cm3,拉伸强度为1.8MPa,断裂伸长率38%。泡沫结构见图3。泡孔直径约为0.4~0.6mm。
对比例1
对比例1与实施例1相比,发泡配方中缺少相容剂EVA,其余组分相同。
发泡材料制备工艺与实施例1相同。发泡后得改性PET发泡材料。
取出发泡材料。测得泡沫密度为0.41g/cm3,拉伸强度为1.1MPa,断裂伸长率30%。泡沫结构为图4。
对比例1中缺少相容剂,PET/LDPE组分间相容性差,会导致相分离,并且降低泡沫材料的泡孔均匀性和力学性能。
对比例2
对比例2与实施例1相比,发泡材料配方相同。
发泡材料制备工艺:
称取LDPE、EVA、发泡剂、交联剂过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)、氧化锌、硬脂酸和抗氧剂1010,在恒温的双辊开炼机上混炼均匀,出料并剪成片状,得发泡剂基材;
将PET材料和发泡剂基材混合后放入膜腔,置于模压机上模压发泡,发泡温度为250℃,压力控制在10MPa,发泡时间10min,发泡后得改性PET发泡材料。
取出改性PET发泡材料。测得泡沫密度为0.32g/cm3,拉伸强度为1.3MPa,断裂伸长率33%,泡沫结构见图5。
对比例2中,LDPE先进行混炼,形成的发泡剂基材是整个一团,难以再和PET分散均匀,不利于气泡在PET/LDPE基体中膨胀均匀,降低材料的力学性能,而且操作步骤复杂。
Claims (3)
1.一种改性PET发泡材料的成型方法,其特征在于,按重量份数计,所述的改性PET发泡材料为以下原料组分:
PET树脂10~30份、LDPE 50~82.5份,相容剂5~10份,交联剂0.2~0.4份,发泡剂1~6份,发泡助剂0.5~2份,硬脂酸0.5~2份,抗氧剂1010 0.3~0.6份;PET发泡剂,具体型号为DF209;所述的发泡助剂为氧化锌;
其中,PET树脂、LDPE、相容剂、交联剂、发泡剂、发泡助剂、硬脂酸、抗氧剂1010的总份数为100份;
改性PET发泡材料的成型方法:
(1)将PET树脂、LDPE、相容剂、交联剂,发泡剂、发泡助剂、硬脂酸、抗氧剂1010按照重量份数在密炼机中密炼混合5~10min,密炼温度为112~115℃,转速为30~40r/min,密炼后得PET预发泡共混材料;
将PET预发泡共混材料通过模压发泡,模压发泡温度为250~270℃,模压压力控制在1~20MPa,模压发泡时间5~30min,发泡后得改性PET发泡材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的改性PET发泡材料的成型方法,其特征在于:所述的交联剂为过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)。
3.如权利要求1所述的改性PET发泡材料的成型方法,其特征在于:所述的相容剂为EVA或LDPE-g-MAH。
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Application publication date: 20181225 Assignee: Shandong Hongke Construction Project Management Co.,Ltd. Assignor: CHANGZHOU University Contract record no.: X2023980050999 Denomination of invention: A modified PET foam material and its forming method Granted publication date: 20210504 License type: Common License Record date: 20231209 |