CN109080599A - 踏板行程模拟器和具有踏板行程模拟器的液压块 - Google Patents
踏板行程模拟器和具有踏板行程模拟器的液压块 Download PDFInfo
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- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
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- B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
- B60T8/40—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
- B60T8/4072—Systems in which a driver input signal is used as a control signal for the additional fluid circuit which is normally used for braking
- B60T8/4081—Systems with stroke simulating devices for driver input
- B60T8/409—Systems with stroke simulating devices for driver input characterised by details of the stroke simulating device
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- B60T7/00—Brake-action initiating means
- B60T7/02—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation
- B60T7/04—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated
- B60T7/042—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated by electrical means, e.g. using travel or force sensors
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- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
- B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
- B60T8/40—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
- B60T8/4072—Systems in which a driver input signal is used as a control signal for the additional fluid circuit which is normally used for braking
- B60T8/4081—Systems with stroke simulating devices for driver input
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61H—BRAKES OR OTHER RETARDING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAIL VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR DISPOSITION THEREOF IN RAIL VEHICLES
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- F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
- F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
- F15B15/14—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
- F15B15/1423—Component parts; Constructional details
- F15B15/1428—Cylinders
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
- F15B15/20—Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices
- F15B15/24—Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices for restricting the stroke
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
- G05G5/00—Means for preventing, limiting or returning the movements of parts of a control mechanism, e.g. locking controlling member
- G05G5/03—Means for enhancing the operator's awareness of arrival of the controlling member at a command or datum position; Providing feel, e.g. means for creating a counterforce
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T2270/00—Further aspects of brake control systems not otherwise provided for
- B60T2270/82—Brake-by-Wire, EHB
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
- B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
- B60T8/40—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
- B60T8/4072—Systems in which a driver input signal is used as a control signal for the additional fluid circuit which is normally used for braking
- B60T8/4081—Systems with stroke simulating devices for driver input
- B60T8/4086—Systems with stroke simulating devices for driver input the stroke simulating device being connected to, or integrated in the driver input device
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Abstract
本发明提出,构造一种用于具有碗形的缸盖(9)的、液压的外力式车辆制动系统的踏板行程模拟器(2),在所述缸盖中容纳有活塞弹簧(12),所述活塞弹簧被作为用于所述踏板行程模拟器(2)的活塞(6)的止挡部的孔盘(14)保持在所述缸盖(9)中。本发明提出,在所述孔盘(14)的外边缘中设置凹部(17),通过所述凹部所述活塞(6)能够在其后侧上将制动液体从所述踏板行程模拟器(2)的缸(3)中通过环绕的槽(18)挤压到回流件(19)中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有权利要求1前序部分特征的踏板行程模拟器。
背景技术
在外力操纵的液压的车辆制动系统中,踏板行程模拟器在操纵主制动缸时实现踏板行程(在手制动器中实现杠杆行程)。所述主制动缸在外力操纵时用作用于液压制动压力的额定值设定方,所述液压制动压力不利用所述主制动缸来产生,而是利用外部能量、例如利用液压泵来产生。所述主制动缸在例如通过关闭阀而在外力制动时已或者将与所述车辆制动系统液压地分离,并且在操纵该主制动缸时将制动液体挤压到所述踏板行程模拟器中。
踏板行程模拟器通常具有缸和在所述缸中能够移动的活塞以及活塞弹簧,该活塞弹簧抵抗来自于所述主制动缸的压力加载而加载所述活塞。所述踏板行程模拟器已或者将在外力操纵车辆制动系统时与主制动缸液压地连接,该主制动缸在操纵其时将制动液体挤压到该踏板行程模拟器的缸中,由此所述活塞抵抗该活塞弹簧的弹簧力而在该踏板行程模拟器的缸中被移动。
发明内容
根据本发明的、具有权利要求1的特征的踏板行程模拟器具有缸、在所述缸中能够移动的活塞和空心的缸盖,该缸盖在该活塞的在这里被称为后侧的端侧上闭锁所述缸。在所述缸盖中布置有活塞弹簧,该活塞弹簧压靠该活塞的后侧。空心表示该缸盖的形状,所述形状适用于容纳该活塞弹簧并且必要时延长所述缸。孔盘形成该活塞的行程限界装置。该孔盘在轴向上贴靠在所述缸中的环形梯级处,并且被该缸盖的边缘在该缸盖的敞开的侧处以在轴向上贴靠所述缸中的环形梯级的方式保持。当所述活塞实施行程时,该活塞无论如何都穿过形成所述行程限界装置的孔盘的中心孔。为了进行行程限界,所述活塞具有环形梯级,该环形梯级在该活塞的最大行程时撞上形成所述行程限界装置的孔盘,由此限界该活塞的行程。
在该活塞的与所述后侧对置的前侧上,所述缸具有用于主制动缸的接口,该接口也能够被理解为该踏板行程模拟器的缸的进口和出口。所述活塞弹簧抵抗利用来自于主制动缸的液压压力的加载而加载该踏板行程模拟器的缸。
在所述缸中的环绕的槽包围形成用于所述活塞的行程限界装置的孔盘。所述槽向内朝向所述缸敞开,它与所述缸在该活塞的后侧上连通。回流件汇入到所述槽中,从而使得所述活塞能够在其后侧上通过所述槽和所述回流件而从所述缸中挤压出流体。
从属权利要求具有对在权利要求1中说明的本发明的有利的构型方案和改型方案。
优选地,所述踏板行程模拟器集成到液压的车辆制动系统、尤其是外力式车辆制动系统的滑动调节装置的液压块中(权利要求9和11)。这样的液压块是已知的,它们通常是方形的金属块,所述金属块对应于该车辆制动系统的或者车辆制动系统的滑动调节装置的液压线路图被钻孔。所述液压块配备有电磁阀、液压泵和该滑动调节装置的其它液压构件。这样的液压块是已知的,在这里不再进一步阐述。
附图说明
下面根据附图中示出的实施方式详细阐述本发明。附图示出:
图1具有根据本发明的踏板行程模拟器的液压的外力式车辆制动系统的滑动调节装置的液压块的纵向剖面;和
图2作为用于图1中的踏板行程模拟器的活塞的行程限界装置的孔盘的透视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出的根据本发明的液压块1设置用于其余部分未示出的、液压的外力式车辆制动系统的滑动调节和外力操纵。所述液压块1是方形的金属块,该金属块被画成除了待阐述的踏板行程模拟器2之外未被装备的。在所示出的和所说明的实施方式中,所述液压块1由轻金属、即铝合金制成。所述液压块1具有在附图中不能够看见的、对应于该车辆制动系统的液压线路图的孔。该液压块配备有未示出的、用于所述外力操纵的液压构件和滑动调节装置、例如电磁阀,具有一个或者多个活塞的主制动缸,具有活塞的外力缸和所述踏板行程模拟器2,它们通过所述孔对应于该车辆制动系统的液压线路图地液压地连接。由于主制动缸集成到所述液压块1中,因此必须经由制动管路只将液压车轮制动器连接到所述液压块1处。这样的液压块1是已知的,在这里不再进一步阐述。
所述液压块1具有作为该踏板行程模拟器2的缸3的柱形盲孔,作为用于主制动缸的接口4的孔在该盲孔的基部处汇入。形成所述接口4的孔在活塞6的、在这里被称为前侧的端侧上将该踏板行程模拟器2的缸3与主制动缸孔5液压地连接。所述活塞6在轴向上在所述缸3中能够移动,该活塞具有作为轴向止挡部7的环形梯级,该活塞在所述轴向止挡部处过渡到直径更小的突起部8中。
空心的、在本实施方式中是碗形的、在端部闭合的缸盖9压入到该踏板行程模拟器2的缸3的汇入口中,该缸盖在其外周处通过过盈配合件10而在该活塞6的、与所述前侧对置的后侧上压力密封地闭锁所述缸。在所述缸盖9中容纳有作为活塞弹簧12的螺旋压力弹簧。所述活塞弹簧12支撑在所述缸盖9中并且压靠该踏板行程模拟器2的活塞6的后侧,并且使该活塞6的前侧压靠该缸3的基部。
在敞开的、面向所述缸3的侧处的端部边缘处,所述缸盖9具有作为用于孔盘14的容纳部13的环形梯级。所述孔盘14压入到形成所述容纳部13的环形梯级中,并且将所述活塞弹簧12保持在所述缸盖9中。由此,所述缸盖9与被保持在其中的活塞弹簧12和所述孔盘14形成预装配组件,所述预装配组件能够独立于其余部件地被组装,能够像单个零件一样地被操纵,并且能够通过压入到该踏板行程模拟器2的缸3的汇入口而与所述踏板行程模拟器2组装。
该活塞6的突起部8穿过该孔盘14的中心孔。如果所述活塞6克服该活塞弹簧12的弹簧力而远离该缸3的基部地实施行程,则该活塞6的、形成所述轴向止挡部7的环形梯级撞上所述孔盘14,该孔盘以这种方式限界该活塞6的行程并且因此也被称为行程限界装置15。
所述孔盘14的厚度大于在该缸盖9的敞开的侧处的端部边缘中的环形梯级的深度,该环形梯级形成用于所述孔盘14的容纳部13,从而使得所述孔盘14突出于该缸盖9的端部边缘。所述孔盘14在轴向上贴靠在所述缸3中的环形梯级16处并且在那里在轴向上被该缸盖9的端部边缘保持。由于所述孔盘14的厚度大于所述容纳部13的深度并且所述孔盘突出于该缸盖9的端部边缘,所以该缸盖9的端部边缘与在所述缸3中的环形梯级16的基部具有间距,所述孔盘14在轴向上贴靠在所述基部处。
如图2所示,所述孔盘14在其外边缘中具有凹部17,所述凹部如此程度地向内伸展,使得在该踏板行程模拟器2的缸3中的制动液体或者广义上流体在该活塞6的后侧上能够从该孔盘14的一侧流到另一侧上。此外,制动液体或者流体能够通过在该孔盘14的外边缘中的凹部17在该活塞6的后侧上从所述缸3中向外流入到所述缸3中的内部敞开的环绕的槽18中,所述槽包围所述孔盘14。作为回流件19的孔汇入到所述槽18中,所述孔与未示出的无压力的制动液体储备容器连通。通过这种方式,所述活塞6在实施行程时能够在其后侧上通过所述槽18和所述回流件19而从所述缸3中挤压出制动液体或者流体。
在该孔盘14的外边缘中的凹部17也阻止:所述缸盖9在压入到所述缸3中时爆炸(gesprengt)或者出现裂缝,尤其是当该缸盖被硬化时。
所述孔盘14在其外边缘处具有对中凸起20,利用所述对中凸起该孔盘在该缸盖9的敞开的侧上在所述端板边缘中被压入到形成所述容纳部13的环形梯级中。所述对中凸起20使所述孔盘14在所述缸盖9中并且从而也在所述缸3中对中,并且保持所述孔盘14,用以形成在所述缸盖9中的预装配组件。在外部,所述孔盘只逐点地利用其对中凸起20贴靠在该缸盖9的端部边缘中的环形梯级的外周处。在周向上,所述贴靠比在该孔盘14的外边缘中的凹部17之间的间距短。此外,在本发明的所示出的和所说明的实施方式中,所述孔盘14不是在每个凹部17之间、而是只在每两个凹部之间具有一对中凸起20。
所述缸3在其汇入口处具有内螺纹21,螺纹环22旋拧到所述内螺纹中,该螺纹环根据连接螺母(Überwurfmutter)的类型将被压入到该缸3的汇入口中的缸盖9固定在该缸3的汇入口中。所述螺纹环22通过液压块1的材料的一个环形的或者多个防漏填料(Verstemmung)23被固定以防旋松(Losdrehen),所述液压块形成该踏板行程模拟器2的壳体,所述材料包围该缸3的汇入口。所述防漏填料23也能够广义地被理解为该液压块1的材料的塑性变形。
在所述活塞弹簧12与所述活塞6之间布置有作为支撑盘24的孔盘,该支撑盘将该活塞弹簧12的弹簧力传递到所述活塞6上。
在操纵未示出的主制动缸时,所述主制动缸在该踏板行程模拟器2的活塞6的前侧上通过所述接口4将制动液体挤压到所述缸3中。由此,所述活塞6克服该活塞弹簧12的弹簧力实施行程,并且在其后侧上从所述缸3中通过所述槽18将制动液体挤压到所述回流件19中。在外力操纵该车辆制动系统时,所述主制动缸通过关闭未示出的分离阀而与所述车辆制动系统液压地分离,并且通过打开在所述接口4中的未示出的模拟器阀而与所述踏板行程模拟器2连接。在进行所述外力操纵时,所述主制动缸用作额定值设定方,利用外力缸的未示出的活塞在外力缸孔25中产生制动压力。该外力缸的活塞机电地通过外力利用电动马达经由螺纹传动器(Gewindetrieb)被驱动。
所述液压块1如上所述具有主制动缸孔5,该主制动缸孔在本实施方式中是直径分级的并且具有环绕的槽。未示出的主制动缸被压入到所述主制动缸孔5中,一个或者多个未示出的活塞被引入到所述主制动缸中,为了操纵该主制动缸或者该车辆制动系统,其中的活塞能够利用未示出的制动踏板移动,并且所述活塞或者另外的活塞能够通过压力加载而被移动。
为了进行外力操纵,所述液压块1具有外力缸孔25,该外力缸孔位于与所述踏板行程模拟器2不同的剖面中,并且因此在附图1中只能够看到该外力缸孔的半剖面。所述剖面在附图中如此错位,使得能够看到在轴剖面中的踏板行程模拟器2和作为半剖面的外力缸孔25。未示出的外力缸被压入到所述外力缸孔25中,活塞以能够移动的方式容纳在所述外力缸中。为了外力操纵该车辆制动系统,利用未示出的电动马达经由在所述外力缸中的减速传动器和螺纹传动器来移动所述活塞。所述电动马达旋拧在所述液压块1处。如上所述,在进行外力操纵时,所述主制动缸用作额定值设定方,通过调节在所述外力缸中的该活塞的移动路径和/或利用电磁阀来调节制动压力。
Claims (11)
1.用于液压的外力式车辆制动系统的踏板行程模拟器,其具有缸(3)、在所述缸(3)中能够移动的活塞(6)、空心的缸盖(9)、活塞弹簧(12)、作为所述活塞(6)的行程限界装置(15)的孔盘(14)、在所述缸(3)处用于主制动缸的在所述活塞(6)的与后侧对置的前侧上的液压接口(4)、在内部在所述缸(3)中的在形成用于所述活塞(6)的行程限界装置(15)的孔盘(14)的高度上的环绕的槽(18)和回流件(19),所述缸盖在所述活塞(6)的后侧上闭锁所述缸(3),所述活塞弹簧被容纳在所述空心的缸盖(9)中并且压靠所述活塞(6)的后侧,所述孔盘在轴向上贴靠在缸(3)中的环形梯级(16)处并且被所述缸盖(9)在轴向上保持在那里,所述孔盘被所述活塞(6)穿过,并且当所述活塞(6)实施最大行程时,所述活塞(6)的环形梯级(16)撞在所述孔盘上,所述槽在所述活塞(6)的后侧上向内敞开到所述缸(3)中,所述回流件汇入到所述槽(18)中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的踏板行程模拟器,其特征在于,所述缸盖(9)压力密封地闭锁所述缸(3)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的踏板行程模拟器,其特征在于,所述缸盖(9)在面向所述缸(3)的端部边缘处具有作为用于所述孔盘(14)的容纳部(13)的环形梯级,所述孔盘形成用于所述活塞(6)的行程限界装置(15),所述孔盘(14)位于所述环形梯级中并且在轴向上和/或径向上被保持。
4.根据权利要求3所述的踏板行程模拟器,其特征在于,所述环形梯级在所述缸盖(9)中的深度比形成用于所述活塞(6)的行程限界装置(15)的孔盘(14)的厚度小,从而使得所述孔盘(14)在所述缸(3)中造成在所述缸盖(9)的端部边缘与所述环形梯级(16)之间的间距,所述孔盘(14)在轴向上贴靠在所述环形梯级处。
5.根据权利要求3所述的踏板行程模拟器,其特征在于,形成用于所述活塞(6)的行程限界装置(15)的孔盘(14)压入到在所述缸盖(9)中的、形成用于所述孔盘(14)的容纳部(13)的环形梯级中。
6.根据权利要求1所述的踏板行程模拟器,其特征在于,所述孔盘(14)紧固在所述缸盖(9)处并且将所述活塞弹簧(12)保持在所述缸盖(9)中,从而使得所述缸盖(9)与所述活塞弹簧(12)并且与形成用于所述活塞(6)的行程限界装置(15)的孔盘(14)形成组件。
7.根据权利要求1所述的踏板行程模拟器,其特征在于,所述孔盘(14)在其外边缘处具有凹部(17)和/或对中凸起(20),流体能够流过所述凹部,所述对中凸起使所述孔盘(14)在所述缸(3)中或者在所述缸盖(9)中对中。
8.根据权利要求1所述的踏板行程模拟器,其特征在于,所述缸盖(9)利用螺纹环(22)紧固在所述缸(3)处,所述螺纹环旋拧到所述缸(3)的内螺纹(21)中。
9.根据权利要求8所述的踏板行程模拟器,其特征在于,所述螺纹环(22)通过所述缸(3)的材料的变形而在所述螺纹环(22)的区域中被固定以防旋松。
10.用于具有根据权利要求1所述的踏板行程模拟器(2)的液压的外力式车辆制动系统的液压块,其特征在于,所述踏板行程模拟器(2)的缸(3)构造为在所述液压块(1)中的孔。
11.根据权利要求10所述的液压块,其特征在于,所述液压块(1)具有主制动缸孔(5)和/或外力缸孔(25)。
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