CN109076996B - Method for cultivating self-breeding crab seeds for river crab cultivation - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of modern agricultural industry, and discloses a method for cultivating self-bred crab species for river crab cultivation, which comprises the steps of treating the crab species of river crabs by using an intensified liquid, constructing a temporary culture pond for cultivation, obtaining crab seedlings with strong disease resistance after cultivation, obviously better growing speed than the crab species of the same species, obtaining the cultivated river crabs with strong physique, complete appendages without injury, reducing cultivation cost, improving the survival rate of the river crabs, reducing morbidity, stabilizing group behaviors, reducing disability rate and improving growing speed, effectively solving the problem of poor quality of the crab species in the existing river crab cultivation, obtaining the cultivated crab species with strong adaptability, obtaining the cultivated river crabs with good nutrition and taste, guaranteeing the sales market, providing huge space for the sales of products, realizing the improvement of the cultivation yield and sales volume of the river crabs and reducing the practical significance of cultivation risk loss, is a technical scheme which is very worthy of popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of modern agricultural industry, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of self-breeding crab seeds for river crab cultivation.
Background
River crabs are also called 'crabs' and 'hairy crabs', and head and chest nails formed by combining the heads and the chests are square and round and hard in texture. The front end of the body is provided with a pair of eyes, and the side surface is provided with two pairs of very sharp crab teeth. The pair of appendages at the forefront end of the crab are chela and full of villi on the surface; there are 4 pairs of feet behind the chela, which are flat and long on the side; the abdominal limb has degenerated. The male and female of the river crab can be distinguished from the abdomen: the female abdomen is round and the male abdomen is triangular. The river crab is a large crustacean, the body is divided into 21 sections, and the whole body is divided into two parts, namely a head part, a chest part and an abdomen part, because the head part and the chest part are mutually healed. The back of the adult crab is black, and the average length of the head and the chest nail is 7cm and the width is 7.5 cm. River crabs often cave in mud banks of rivers and lakes, move at night, feed on fish, shrimps, animal corpses and grains, often migrate to a mouth of a river out of the sea to lay eggs in autumn every year, hatch for 3-5 months in the next year, develop into young crabs, have fresh and tender meat and are popular food for people. The river crab is named as the eriocheir sinensis, belongs to a precious and fresh water product, has delicious taste and rich nutrition, and has very high economic value.
In recent years, the price of crabs is steadily increased, the wild quantity cannot meet the market demand, and the breeding scale of crabs is gradually increased. The most basic and important in crab culture is the selection of crab seedlings, the difference of vitality of different river crabs is large, and the river crabs of the same variety also show different environmental adaptation capacities in the process of raising the seedlings. The existing river crabs neglect the environmental adaptability of the later stage of crab seedlings in the process of raising the seedlings, the number of injured crabs and diseased crabs is doubled, the problems of low survival rate, weak disease resistance, slow growth speed and the like occur in the process of putting into the breeding, great economic loss is caused, and high-quality crab seeds are bred, which is a problem to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the existing problems and provides a method for cultivating self-breeding crab seeds for river crab cultivation, which has the effects of improving the survival rate of river crabs, reducing the morbidity, stabilizing group behaviors, reducing the disability rate and improving the growth speed.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for cultivating self-breeding crab species for river crab cultivation comprises the following steps:
(1) soaking the larva of the large eye after 5 times of molting for 10-12 minutes by using prepared strengthening liquid, wherein the strengthening liquid is prepared by adding 450 times of deionized water into a strengthening agent, and the strengthening agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 6.5-7.0 parts of polylysine, 4.5-5.0 parts of calcium lactate, 3.5-4.5 parts of calcium gluconate, 2.2-2.4 parts of sodium chloride, 1.4-1.6 parts of vitamin C and 1.0-1.3 parts of vitamin D, constructing a temporary culture pond, applying bottom mud with the thickness of 7-8 cm at the bottom of the temporary culture pond, planting water plants at the bottom of the temporary culture pond, wherein the planting area of the water plants accounts for 40-45% of the total area of a water body, and the planting area of the water plants accounts for 30-35% of the area of a water body;
(2) adding a cooling liquid obtained by mixing isatis root, liquorice and honeysuckle according to the mass ratio of 7-8:4-5:1-2, adding 110 times of volume of water into the mixture, decocting the mixture for 40-45 minutes, further adjusting the pH value of a water body to be 7.2-7.3, the dissolved oxygen to be 6.0-6.2 mg/L and the ammonia nitrogen to be 0.08-0.10 mg/L, putting the river crab larvae soaked by the strengthening liquid and the strengthening liquid into a temporary culture pond for stocking, injecting fresh water once every 4-5 days, injecting water with the depth of 20-25 cm each time, changing water once every 13-15 days, thoroughly cleaning the bottom of the pond, after the environmental temperature reaches 28 ℃, photosynthetic bacteria are applied to the pond water to ensure that the number of viable bacteria in the pond water is within the range of 2.4-2.5 hundred million/ml;
(3) during the cultivation period, fresh and alive screws and tubificidae are fed as baits, the feeding amount is 20-24% of the mass of the river crabs, the prepared feed is used for feeding every morning and evening, and the feed is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 24-26 parts of pumpkin powder, 18-20 parts of malt, 14-17 parts of asparagus lettuce leaves, 6.5-7.0 parts of snail meat, 4.0-5.0 parts of mussel meat and 0.2-0.3 part of zeolite powder, wherein the raw materials of the feed are steamed and boiled at 110 ℃ for 10-15 minutes in the preparation process, the feed is processed into strips, the prepared feed is used up within 2-3 days, and the mass culture can be carried out within 35-40 days.
As a further description of the scheme, the bottom mud in the step (1) is prepared from pond sludge according to the mass ratio of 10-12: 1, mixing the dehydrated and sterilized cow dung, and sun-curing for 7-10 days to obtain the finished product.
As a further description of the scheme, the aquatic weed variety planted at the bottom of the pond in the step (1) is one or more of hydrilla verticillata, elodea nutans, nemacystus deciduous and mozzie silks.
As a further description of the scheme, the temperature difference between the front and the back in the water changing process in the step (2) is between 2.0 and 2.5 ℃.
As a further description of the scheme, the temporary rearing pond in the step (2) is used for rearing 40 to 45 water bodies per square meter.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the invention provides a method for cultivating self-bred crab species for river crab cultivation, aiming at solving the problem of poor quality of crab species in the existing river crab cultivation, the cultivated crab seedlings have strong disease resistance, the growth speed is obviously superior to that of crab species of the same variety, the cultivated river crabs have strong physique, complete appendages and no injury, the cultivation cost is reduced, the method has the effects of improving the survival rate of the river crabs, reducing the morbidity, stabilizing the group behaviors, reducing the disability rate and improving the growth speed, the invention effectively solves the problem of poor quality of the crab species in the existing river crab cultivation, the cultivated crab species has strong adaptability, the cultivated river crabs have good nutrition and taste, the sales market is guaranteed, a huge space is provided for product sales, the improvement of the cultivation yield and sales volume of the river crabs can be realized, and the realistic significance of reducing the cultivation risk loss is realized, and the method is a technical scheme which is extremely worthy of popularization and use.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and effects of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is further described with reference to specific embodiments, and it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used for explaining the present invention and are not used for limiting the technical solutions provided by the present invention.
Example 1
A method for cultivating self-breeding crab species for river crab cultivation comprises the following steps:
(1) soaking the larva of the large eye after 5 times of molting for 10-12 minutes by using a prepared strengthening solution, wherein the strengthening solution is prepared by adding 450 times of deionized water into a strengthening agent, and the strengthening agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 6.5 parts of polylysine, 4.5 parts of calcium lactate, 3.5 parts of calcium gluconate, 2.2 parts of sodium chloride, 1.4 parts of vitamin C and 1.0 part of vitamin D, constructing a temporary culture pond, applying bottom mud with the thickness of 7cm to the bottom of the temporary culture pond, planting water plants at the bottom of the temporary culture pond, wherein the planting area of the water plants accounts for 40 percent of the total area of a water body, planting duckweed on the periphery of the pond, and the area of the duckweed accounts for 30 percent of the area of the water body;
(2) adding a cooling liquid obtained by mixing and adding isatis root, liquorice and honeysuckle into water according to a mass ratio of 7:4:1, adding 100 times of water and decocting for 40 minutes, wherein the adding amount is 1.8 kg/cubic meter, further adjusting the pH value of a water body to be between 7.2 and 7.3, the dissolved oxygen amount is between 6.0 and 6.2 mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen amount is between 0.08 and 0.10 mg/L, putting the river crab larvae soaked by the strengthening liquid and the strengthening liquid into a temporary culture pond for breeding, injecting fresh water once every 4 days, the water depth is 20 cm every time, changing the water once every 13 days, thoroughly cleaning the bottom of the pond, applying photosynthetic bacteria into the pond water after the environmental temperature reaches 28 ℃, and ensuring that the number of viable bacteria in the pond water is in a range of 2.4-2.5 ml;
(3) during the cultivation period, fresh and alive screws and tubificidae are fed as baits, the feeding amount is 20 percent of the mass of the river crabs, the prepared feedstuff is used for feeding every morning and evening, and the feedstuff is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 24 parts of pumpkin powder, 18 parts of malt, 14 parts of asparagus lettuce leaves, 6.5 parts of snail meat, 4.0 parts of mussel meat and 0.2 part of zeolite powder, wherein the raw materials of the feed are cooked for 10 minutes at 100 ℃ in the preparation process, the feed is processed into strips, the prepared feed is used up within 2 days, and the mass cultivation can be realized after the feed is cultivated for 35 days.
As a further description of the scheme, the bottom mud in the step (1) is prepared from pond sludge according to the mass ratio of 10: 1, mixing the dehydrated and sterilized cow dung, and jointly sun-curing for 7 days to obtain the finished product.
As a further description of the scheme, the aquatic weed variety planted at the bottom of the pond in the step (1) is one or more of hydrilla verticillata, elodea nutans, nemacystus deciduous and mozzie silks.
As a further description of the scheme, the temperature difference between the front and the back in the water changing process in the step (2) is between 2.0 and 2.5 ℃.
As a further description of the scheme, the temporary rearing pond in the step (2) is used for rearing 40 water bodies per square meter.
Example 2
A method for cultivating self-breeding crab species for river crab cultivation comprises the following steps:
(1) soaking the larva of the large eye after 5 times of molting for 11 minutes by using a prepared strengthening solution, wherein the strengthening solution is prepared by adding 470 times of deionized water into a strengthening agent, and the strengthening agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 6.8 parts of polylysine, 4.8 parts of calcium lactate, 4.0 parts of calcium gluconate, 2.3 parts of sodium chloride, 1.5 parts of vitamin C and 1.1 parts of vitamin D, constructing a temporary culture pond, applying bottom mud with the thickness of 7.5cm at the bottom of the temporary culture pond, planting water plants at the bottom of the temporary culture pond, wherein the planting area of the water plants accounts for 42 percent of the total area of a water body, planting duckweed on the periphery of the pond, and the area of the duckweed accounts for 32 percent of the area of the water body;
(2) adding a cooling liquid obtained by mixing isatis root, liquorice and honeysuckle according to a mass ratio of 7.5:4.5:1.5, adding 105 times of water and decocting for 42 minutes, wherein the addition amount is 1.9 kg/cubic meter, further adjusting the pH value of a water body to be 7.2-7.3, the dissolved oxygen amount is 6.0-6.2 mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen amount is 0.08-0.10 mg/L, putting the river crab larvae soaked by the strengthening liquid and the strengthening liquid into a temporary culture pond for breeding, injecting fresh water once every 4.5 days, injecting 22 cm of water each time, changing water once every 14 days, thoroughly cleaning the bottom of the pond, applying bacteria to the pond water when the environmental temperature reaches 28 ℃, and ensuring the number of the living photosynthetic bacteria in the pond water to be within the range of 2.4-2.5/ml;
(3) during the cultivation period, fresh and alive screws and tubificidae are fed as baits, the feeding amount is 22 percent of the mass of the river crabs, the prepared feed is used for feeding every morning and evening, and the feed is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of pumpkin powder, 19 parts of malt, 15 parts of asparagus lettuce leaves, 6.8 parts of snail meat, 4.5 parts of mussel meat and 0.25 part of zeolite powder, wherein the raw materials of the feed are cooked for 12 minutes at 105 ℃ in the preparation process, the feed is processed into strips, the prepared feed is used up within 2.5 days, and the mass cultivation can be realized after the feed is cultivated for 38 days.
As a further description of the scheme, the bottom mud in the step (1) is prepared from pond sludge according to the mass ratio of 11: 1, mixing the dehydrated and sterilized cow dung, and jointly sun-curing for 8 days to obtain the finished product.
As a further description of the scheme, the aquatic weed variety planted at the bottom of the pond in the step (1) is one or more of hydrilla verticillata, elodea nutans, nemacystus deciduous and mozzie silks.
As a further description of the scheme, the temperature difference between the front and the back in the water changing process in the step (2) is between 2.0 and 2.5 ℃.
As a further description of the scheme, the temporary rearing pond in the step (2) is used for rearing 42 water bodies per square meter.
Example 3
A method for cultivating self-breeding crab species for river crab cultivation comprises the following steps:
(1) soaking the larva of the large eye after 5 times of molting for 12 minutes by using a prepared strengthening solution, wherein the strengthening solution is prepared by adding 500 times of deionized water into a strengthening agent, and the strengthening agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 7.0 parts of polylysine, 5.0 parts of calcium lactate, 4.5 parts of calcium gluconate, 2.4 parts of sodium chloride, 1.6 parts of vitamin C and 1.3 parts of vitamin D, constructing a temporary culture pond, applying bottom mud with the thickness of 8 cm at the bottom of the temporary culture pond, planting water plants at the bottom of the temporary culture pond, wherein the planting area of the water plants accounts for 45 percent of the total area of a water body, planting duckweed on the periphery of the pond, and the area of the duckweed accounts for 35 percent of the area of the water body;
(2) adding a cooling liquid obtained by mixing and adding 110 times volume of water into water in a pool according to a mass ratio of 8:5:2, decocting for 45 minutes, wherein the addition amount is 2.0 kg/cubic meter, further adjusting the pH value of a water body to be between 7.2 and 7.3, the dissolved oxygen amount is between 6.0 and 6.2 mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen amount is between 0.08 and 0.10 mg/L, putting the river crab larvae soaked by the strengthening liquid and the strengthening liquid into a temporary culture pool for breeding, injecting fresh water once every 5 days, injecting 25 cm of water each time, changing water once every 15 days, thoroughly cleaning the bottom of the pool, applying photosynthetic bacteria into the pool water after the environmental temperature reaches 28 ℃, and ensuring that the number of viable bacteria in the pool water is in a range of 2.4 to 2.5 ml;
(3) during the cultivation period, fresh and alive screws and tubificidae are fed as baits, the feeding amount is 24 percent of the mass of the river crabs, the prepared feedstuff is used for feeding once in the morning and at night, and the feedstuff is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 26 parts of pumpkin powder, 20 parts of malt, 17 parts of asparagus lettuce leaves, 7.0 parts of snail meat, 5.0 parts of mussel meat and 0.3 part of zeolite powder, wherein the raw materials of the feed are steamed and boiled at 110 ℃ for 15 minutes in the preparation process, the feed is processed into strips, the prepared feed is used up within 3 days, and the large-scale culture can be carried out after 40 days of cultivation.
As a further description of the scheme, the bottom mud in the step (1) is prepared from pond sludge according to the mass ratio of 12: 1, mixing the dehydrated and sterilized cow dung, and sun-curing for 10 days to obtain the finished product.
As a further description of the scheme, the aquatic weed variety planted at the bottom of the pond in the step (1) is one or more of hydrilla verticillata, elodea nutans, nemacystus deciduous and mozzie silks.
As a further description of the scheme, the temperature difference between the front and the back in the water changing process in the step (2) is between 2.0 and 2.5 ℃.
As a further description of the scheme, the temporary rearing pond in the step (2) is used for rearing 45 water bodies per square meter.
Comparative example 1
The only difference from example 1 is that the preparation of the strengthening agent in step (1) is omitted and the same amount of potassium permanganate is used instead, the rest remaining identical.
Comparative example 2
The only difference from example 2 is that in the fortifier preparation, the addition of polylysine was omitted and the rest remained the same.
Comparative example 3
The only difference from example 3 is that the addition of the cooling liquid prepared from isatis root, licorice and honeysuckle in step (2) is omitted and the rest is kept the same.
Comparative example 4
The only difference from example 3 is that the feeding of the feed prepared in step (3) was omitted and instead a normal feed containing fish meal was used, the rest remaining the same.
Comparative experiment
The method of the embodiment 1-3 and the method of the comparative example 1-4 are respectively used for cultivating self-breeding crab species for river crab cultivation, the method of directly using wild river crab species of the same variety for cultivation is used as a control group, the crab seedlings obtained from each group are sent into a cultivation pond for cultivation, independent variables are kept consistent in the cultivation process, the growth condition of the river crabs is tracked and recorded, after the cultivation is mature, the cultivation results and the like are counted and summarized, the effective average value is counted, and the results are shown in the following table:
the method effectively solves the problem of poor crab quality in the existing river crab culture, the cultured crab has strong adaptability, the cultured river crab has good nutrition and taste, the sales market is guaranteed, a huge space is provided for the sales of products, the culture yield and sales volume of the river crab can be improved, the practical significance of reducing the culture risk loss is realized, and the method is a technical scheme which is extremely worthy of popularization and use.
Claims (5)
1. A method for cultivating self-breeding crab species for river crab cultivation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) soaking the larva of the large eye after 5 times of molting for 10-12 minutes by using prepared strengthening liquid, wherein the strengthening liquid is prepared by adding 450 times of deionized water into a strengthening agent, and the strengthening agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 6.5-7.0 parts of polylysine, 4.5-5.0 parts of calcium lactate, 3.5-4.5 parts of calcium gluconate, 2.2-2.4 parts of sodium chloride, 1.4-1.6 parts of vitamin C and 1.0-1.3 parts of vitamin D, constructing a temporary culture pond, applying bottom mud with the thickness of 7-8 cm at the bottom of the temporary culture pond, planting water plants at the bottom of the temporary culture pond, wherein the planting area of the water plants accounts for 40-45% of the total area of a water body, and the planting area of the water plants accounts for 30-35% of the area of a water body;
(2) adding a cooling liquid obtained by mixing isatis root, liquorice and honeysuckle according to the mass ratio of 7-8:4-5:1-2, adding 110 times of volume of water into the mixture, decocting the mixture for 40-45 minutes, further adjusting the pH value of a water body to be 7.2-7.3, the dissolved oxygen to be 6.0-6.2 mg/L and the ammonia nitrogen to be 0.08-0.10 mg/L, putting the river crab larvae soaked by the strengthening liquid and the strengthening liquid into a temporary culture pond for stocking, injecting fresh water once every 4-5 days, injecting water with the depth of 20-25 cm each time, changing water once every 13-15 days, thoroughly cleaning the bottom of the pond, after the environmental temperature reaches 28 ℃, photosynthetic bacteria are applied to the pond water to ensure that the number of viable bacteria in the pond water is within the range of 2.4-2.5 hundred million/ml;
(3) during the cultivation period, fresh and alive snails and tubificidae are fed as baits, the feeding amount is 20-24% of the mass of the river crabs, the prepared feed is used for feeding every morning and evening, and the feed is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 24-26 parts of pumpkin powder, 18-20 parts of malt, 14-17 parts of asparagus lettuce leaves, 6.5-7.0 parts of snail meat, 4.0-5.0 parts of mussel meat and 0.2-0.3 part of zeolite powder, wherein the raw materials of the feed are steamed and boiled at 110 ℃ for 10-15 minutes in the preparation process, the feed is processed into strips, the prepared feed is used up within 2-3 days, and the mass culture can be carried out within 35-40 days.
2. The method for cultivating self-raising crab species for river crab cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the bottom mud of step (1) is prepared from pond mud in a mass ratio of 10-12: 1, mixing the dehydrated and sterilized cow dung, and sun-curing for 7-10 days to obtain the finished product.
3. The method for cultivating self-bred crab species for river crab cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the aquatic weed species planted at the bottom of the pond in step (1) is one or more of hydrilla verticillata, elodea aegypti, nemacystus and mozzie.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature difference between the front and the rear of the water changing process in the step (2) is 2.0-2.5 ℃.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of the self-raising crab species cultured in the temporary culture pond of the step (2) is 40 to 45 species per square meter of water.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| NO128357B (en) * | 1971-02-24 | 1973-11-05 | O Johnsen | |
| AU2013341870B2 (en) * | 2012-11-08 | 2017-04-06 | Planktonic As | Marine material derived from early developmental stages of barnacles |
| CN105309338A (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2016-02-10 | 周广安 | Chinese mitten crab breeding method |
| CN104273062B (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2016-06-22 | 湖北省水产技术推广中心 | A kind of seedlings of milieu crab breeding method |
| CN106359220B (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2018-12-28 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | A method of improving river crab stage-5 young crab survival rate |
| CN106538613B (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2019-03-12 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | A kind of medium-height grass medicine composite preparation for the flat son disease of prevention and control water in culture of Chinese mitten crab |
| CN107897069A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-04-13 | 无为县瑞康特种水产养殖有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of river crab megalops larva |
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