CN109070836A - 基于座椅安全带及儿童座椅锚固件的占用检测系统 - Google Patents
基于座椅安全带及儿童座椅锚固件的占用检测系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
提供了一种用于检测儿童座椅中存在乘员的系统。该系统包括至少两个传感器模块,其定位成检测儿童座椅的加速度。传感器模块将代表在第一和第二传感器模块处检测到的加速度的信号提供到控制器。控制器包括信号处理电路,用于处理信号以确定从传感器模块接收的信号是否代表乘员的生理运动。控制器处理从传感器模块接收的信号以使儿童座椅的加速度与车辆的运动隔离。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2016年2月11日提交的第62/294,063号美国临时申请的优先权和权益。前述临时申请通过引用并入本申请。
技术领域
本申请涉及一种用于检测儿童座椅中存在儿童的系统。
背景技术
已经开发并测试了用于检测儿童座椅中存在儿童的系统。如在最近的NHTSA报告(DOT HS 812 187,2015年7月)中所指示,这些感测系统可以直接集成到儿童座椅结构中,该报告通过引用并入。这些系统是基于通过数个感测机构对儿童座椅进行检测,包括对压力、力、锁定夹检测等的测量。这种系统被设计成包括位于座椅内的电子器件用于检测且向/从车辆和/或向/从手机进行通信。该系统包含微处理器,其接收传感器和车辆信息作为输入。该系统监测指示儿童已被遗忘在车辆中的可能性的条件。如果确定座椅的乘员处于不安全条件下,则系统可以配置成提供各种可能对策,例如包括通过车辆系统(例如喇叭警报)启动警告;修改车辆驾驶舱(例如,减少/增加车厢温度)、和/或通过远程信息处理启动警告(例如向父母/驾驶员发送警告)。
另外,可以使用基于摄像机的系统利用例如二维和/或三维摄像机来完成对儿童座椅占用的检测。作为可替代方案,可以使用诸如超声波和/或声学传感器的有源电磁装置来检测儿童座椅占用。另一个儿童座椅占用检测系统可以依赖于重量传感器并且用作座椅重量检测系统,其可选地包括安全带张力传感器。所有这些系统都可以配置为检测儿童座椅并将其分类为占用或未占用。由于系统外部的某些因素,所有上述方法可能都有缺点。这些因素包括,例如,应有关注(乘员的不正常位置、乘员所拥有的衣服和物品等)、摄像机的阻挡遮拦、缺乏乘员运动或活动等。
发明内容
如下面进一步描述的,本申请公开了一种占用检测系统,其被配置为检测和测量乘员呼吸。
附图说明
本发明的特征、方面和优点将从以下描述和附图中所示的随附示例性实施例而变得显而易见,这些实施例在下面简要描述。
图1是包含处于锚固位置的儿童座椅的车辆座椅的侧视图。
图2是包含儿童座椅的车辆座椅的侧视图,其示出了锚固点的相对位置以及与乘员的呼吸相关的力矢量。
图3-5是加速度计信号(FA1,FA2,FA3,......)的相对幅值和方向的三维表示。
图6是示出加速度传感器(A2,A3)在车辆座椅中的位置的局部特写。
图5是图3的牵开器的预紧器部分的分解图。
图6是图2的牵开器的锁定机构的侧视图。
图7是车辆座椅中佩戴包含多个加速度传感器(S1...S10)的座椅安全带的乘员的面向后视图。
图8是由图7中所示的每个加速度传感器产生的信号的原始信号(振幅对时间)的图形表示。
图9是图8的信号在信号通过低通滤波器后的图形表示。
具体实施方式
本申请涉及一种座椅占用检测系统,其被配置为检测并测量乘员的生理运动。由系统所检测的生理运动可以是乘员器官的生理活动(例如,心率、呼吸)和/或乘员身体的响应或不自主运动(例如,打喷嚏、发病、拉伸、打哈欠、揉眼等),这些生理活动可以使用本文所述的传感器和处理模块而与身体、车辆或座椅的一般运动区分开。
该系统可以被配置为检测儿童座椅是否被占用。该系统可包括两个或更多个传感器模块或节点,这些传感器模块或节点定位在与儿童座椅机械连通的座椅安全带和/或儿童座椅闩锁系统上/中的位置处。传感器模块可以配置为包括一个或多个惯性传感器,例如加速度计。传感器可以是正交三轴惯性传感器,其连通至位于包含一个或多个处理器或模块的控制器100中的处理模块。处理模块连续地从两个或更多个传感器模块接收传感器数据和信号。控制器100和处理模块还可以被配置为接收车辆状态的额外信息(例如,点火状态、挡位状态、温度、车窗状态、当前估计占用状态-驾驶员、乘客、......)。
在示例性实施例中,两个或更多个传感器模块可以定位成与通用锚固点机械连通和/或在座椅安全带上定位在空间上分开的位置中,该座椅安全带机械连通至儿童座椅或者物理连接至儿童座椅以限制儿童座椅的乘员。
如图1所示,车辆座椅10包括座椅部分12和靠背部分14。靠背部分14悬臂支撑到座椅部分12,并且座椅部分锚固到车辆的地板16。靠背部分14可以具有由衬垫和软垫22覆盖的刚性框架20。框架20可以包括横杆24,其包括锚固件25,26,儿童约束座椅30附接到这两个锚固件25,26。
儿童约束座椅30包括一对条带31,32,其连接到钩状连接器34和35用于将条带连接到锚固件25,26。条带31,32具有配件36和37,其允许通过拉动条带的端部39和40而调节条带在儿童约束座椅30和钩状连接器34和35之间的长度。当儿童约束座椅30通过条带31,32连接到锚固件25,26时,条带被拉紧并被拉动,张力被施加到条带上,并且因此将对应的力被施加到锚固件25,26。
如图1所示,如果儿童约束座椅30面向前方,则具有钩子45的栓带43可以如图1所示地钩住于座椅10的靠背14上的座椅靠背锚固件41中或者固定到车辆框架48。
基于FMVSS规定(49CFR第571和596部分[第98-3390号案卷,通知2],RIN 2127-AG50),车辆必须包括独立于座椅安全带的用于固定车辆中儿童座椅的标准化闩锁。这些闩锁固定在由相关FMVSS规定所认同的通用儿童锚固点处。图1中示出了这种锚固点的示例。
对于某些车辆状态(例如,驾驶员离开车辆、所有车门关闭、所有车窗关闭、没有HVAC控制)而言,监测和收集由两个或更多个传感器模块提供至控制器100处理模块的信号所承载的数据可能是有益的。处理模块可以包括基于微处理器算法以基于数据检测并监测座椅内的人类运动。通过使用两个或更多个(优选地三个或更多个)传感器模块,诸如主成分分析(PCA)或其他类似状态检测和分类算法的各种分析方法可以将座椅内的运动与整个车辆所经历的三维运动(例如,由风或道路噪音引起的刚体振动)隔离。
如图2所示,假设锚固点中的一个或多个与儿童座椅刚性连通(用于锚固儿童座椅的标准设置),则儿童在座椅内的生理运动(例如,正常呼吸、或移动)将在儿童座椅上引起空间分布反作用力。儿童座椅包括刚性外部,并且因此,儿童的生理运动将对儿童座椅引起不均匀加速度,这些加速度被机械地传递到锚固件或约束安全带。如上所述,传感器定位成与安全带和/或锚固件机械连通。
如图2所示,与乘员的生理运动相关的力由乘员施加到座椅。如图3-5所示,可以在不同的传感器模块(A1,A2,A3)处检测力。传感器模块将代表信号提供至控制器100。
由惯性传感器(例如,加速度计)提供的信号可以由处理模块进行分析。例如,处理模块可以识别不同信号(即,信道)之间的振幅和相位差。控制器可以利用这些差(例如,使用机器学习过程)来分类人类生理运动的模式(例如,呼吸、哭泣、交谈、移动等)。可以调整或选择所采用的传感器数量、加速度传感器的灵敏度,以允许在最具挑战性的条件下检测呼吸(例如,“应有关注”条件、新生儿睡眠检测、一个或多个锚固点松动等)。
为了在某些情况下提供有用的功能,例如在儿童可能已被遗忘的情况下,系统处理模块可以被配置为包括可以检测与生理运动(例如,呼吸)相关联的相对小模式(例如,正弦模式)的算法,从而指示座椅被占用。如图2所示,任何检测/分类算法都是节点加速度计信号(FA1,FA2,FA3,......)的时间函数。标准实时数字/模拟信号处理技术(例如过滤、相关性、......)可用于进一步强调目标信号。
本文描述的系统还可以在组合时用作与其他系统(例如视觉)组合的独立传感器系统,从而提高乘员分类功能的可靠性和性能。
如上所述,控制器100和处理模块可以被配置为处理与所接收的有关于车辆状态(例如,点火状态、挡位状态、温度、车窗状态、当前估计占用状态-驾驶员占用、乘客占用等)的各种信号组合的从各种占用传感器模块所接收的信号。例如,系统可以被配置为使得如果儿童座椅被占用且车辆温度超过预定设定点,则控制器提供引起驾驶员警觉的警告信号(例如,启动喇叭或警报、移动电话警报)。如果在驾驶员和乘客座椅未被占用的情况下儿童座椅被占用并且车辆被锁定,则可能产生类似的警告信号。可以监测各种其他状况并且控制器可以配置为适时启动警告信号。
如图3所示,为了示出关于全尺寸成人的可替代系统的概念,将10个三轴加速度计(S1-S10)放置在标准座椅安全带上并对静止成人进行连续监测。如图8所示,可以执行对信号的分析以清楚地识别呼吸和心率两种模式。而且,如所预期的,信号水平的相位和振幅是传感器的放置和对象身体的物理呼吸机械功能的函数(例如,从加速度计S1,S2接收的信号清楚地指示了乘员的膈膜的运动,从而指示吸气/呼气的呼吸循环;而从加速计S5,S10接收的信号清楚地指示表示乘员心率的模式)。
如图9所示,可以过滤来自各种传感器模块和相关联的加速度计的信号以改进分析。可以在位于传感器模块中的信号处理电路中设置低通滤波器。电路可以以软件的形式实现,使得可以不需要低通滤波器。如美国专利No.8,258,932(通过引用并入)中所述,可以对加速度计信号进行各种处理。然而,这种现有的处理技术没有考虑到将传感器安装为直接机械连接至儿童座椅,这种安装提供了增强的检测和改进的可操作性。在上述专利中公开的系统监测车辆的加速而不是直接通过处理从处于机械连接至儿童座椅或乘员约束系统的传感器节点所接收的信号来监测儿童座椅(或乘员)的力和加速度。
可以利用额外算法和信号分析技术,以便提供对位于儿童座椅中的儿童的状态的增强评估。例如,基于通过处理从传感器模块(例如,A1,A2和A3)接收的信号所确定的儿童给定检测状态来评估重量、身材、活动(例如,笑、哭、生理行为、健康......)以及安全性、舒适性和便利性动作基础。
如上所述,本文描述的系统的实施例提供了独立于儿童座椅类型/样式和装置的对儿童座椅的占用检测。该系统通过到适当定位的传感器节点机械连通所传递的生理信号来检测占用。该系统可以被配置为提供儿童的分类和/或位于儿童座椅中的儿童的状态。
Claims (17)
1.一种用于检测儿童座椅中存在乘员的系统,包括:
第一传感器模块,其定位成检测所述儿童座椅的加速度;
第二传感器模块,其定位成检测所述儿童座椅的加速度;
其中,代表在所述第一传感器模块和所述第二传感器模块处检测到的所述加速度的信号被提供至控制器;
其中,所述控制器包括信号处理电路用于处理所述信号以确定从所述传感器模块接收的所述信号是否代表所述乘员的生理运动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述儿童座椅通过条带固定到安装至车辆的锚固件,并且其中,所述第一传感器模块包括加速度计,所述加速度计检测所述条带中的力的测量作为所述儿童座椅的所述加速度的代表测量。
3.根据权利要求2所述的系统,其中,所述加速度计安装到所述锚固件。
4.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述处理电路配置为处理从所述传感器模块接收的所述信号,以便检测所述乘员的呼吸。
5.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述处理电路配置为处理从所述传感器模块接收的信号,以便检测所述乘员的特定运动。
6.根据权利要求5所述的系统,其中,所述特定移动包括打哈欠。
7.一种用于检测儿童座椅中存在乘员的系统,包括:
第一传感器模块,其定位成检测所述儿童座椅的加速度;
第二传感器模块,其定位成检测所述儿童座椅的加速度;
其中,代表在所述第一传感器模块和所述第二传感器模块处检测到的所述加速度的信号被提供至控制器;
其中,所述控制器处理从所述传感器模块接收的所述信号以使所述儿童座椅的加速度与车辆的运动隔离;以及
其中,所述控制器包括处理所述信号以确定从所述传感器模块接收的所述信号是否代表所述乘员的生理运动。
8.根据权利要求7所述的系统,其中,所述第一传感器模块和所述第二传感器模块位于连接到所述车辆的锚固件上,其中所述儿童座椅连接到所述锚固件以将所述儿童座椅固定到所述车辆。
9.根据权利要求8所述的系统,还包括第三传感器模块,其定位成检测所述儿童座椅的加速度。
10.根据权利要求9所述的系统,其中,所述加速度计是三轴加速度计。
11.根据权利要求9所述的系统,其中,所述控制器配置为处理从所述传感器模块接收的所述信号并对所述乘员的引起所述儿童座椅的对应运动的特定移动进行分类。
12.根据权利要求7所述的系统,其中,所述控制器配置为接收有关于所述车辆的状态的输入,并且其中,所述控制器配置为基于所述车辆的所述状态以及对所述儿童座椅的确定占用两者来提供特定输出。
13.根据权利要求12所述的系统,其中,所述控制器配置为如果所述儿童座椅被占用并且所述车辆中的温度超过预定设定点则提供警告信号。
14.根据权利要求12所述的系统,其中,所述控制器配置为如果在驾驶员和乘客座椅未被占用的情况下所述儿童座椅被占用并且所述车辆被锁定则提供警告信号。
15.一种用于检测车辆座椅中存在乘员的系统,包括:
座椅安全带系统,其用于约束所述乘员,其中所述座椅安全带系统包括造成约束所述乘员的躯干的至少一个安全带;
多个传感器,其位于所述至少一个安全带中;
其中,所述多个传感器包括加速度计用于检测由于所述乘员的移动引起的所述安全带的加速度;其中,所述传感器中的每一个配置为将由所述加速度计感测的代表所述加速度的信号发送到控制器;以及
其中,所述控制器配置为基于从所述加速度计接收的所述信号确定所述乘员是否位于所述座椅中。
16.根据权利要求15所述的系统,其中,所述控制器配置为确定从所述传感器接收的信号是否对应于所述乘员的呼吸。
17.根据权利要求15所述的系统,其中,所述控制器配置为确定从所述传感器接收的所述信号是否对应于所述乘员的心率。
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US10600302B2 (en) | 2020-03-24 |
DE112017000786T5 (de) | 2018-11-15 |
US20170236395A1 (en) | 2017-08-17 |
WO2017139668A1 (en) | 2017-08-17 |
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