CN109069359A - 可重载的微胶囊 - Google Patents
可重载的微胶囊 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109069359A CN109069359A CN201780027446.5A CN201780027446A CN109069359A CN 109069359 A CN109069359 A CN 109069359A CN 201780027446 A CN201780027446 A CN 201780027446A CN 109069359 A CN109069359 A CN 109069359A
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Abstract
可重载的微胶囊含有微胶囊芯和囊封微胶囊芯的微胶囊壁。微胶囊芯含有疏水性芯溶剂和亲水性芯溶剂,并且由囊封聚合物形成的微胶囊壁对于亲水性芯溶剂是可渗透的。还公开了制备可重载微胶囊和具有微胶囊的消费品的方法。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2016年5月3日提交的美国申请系列号62/331,230的优先权权益,其内容通过引用整体结合于此。
背景技术
微胶囊可用于其中需要将香精或其他活性材料以时间延迟或受控的方式递送、应用或释放的多种不同应用。
常规的微胶囊各自具有将活性材料囊封(encapsulate)在微胶囊芯中的聚合物壳。聚合物壳典型地通过界面聚合反应(即,在水相和油相之间的界面处发生的聚合作用)形成。已经开发了这些微胶囊以在各种消费品如衣物洗涤剂中提供良好的性能。参见例如US 7,491,687、US 6,045,835、US 2014/0287008和WO 2015/023961。已经开发了聚脲微胶囊用于递送香精。它们的制备涉及形成壁的材料(例如,多异氰酸酯和多胺)之间的聚合反应。在聚合反应期间,多异氰酸酯可以与许多香精成分如香精谐香剂(accord)中所含的伯醇反应。另一种形成壁的材料多胺也对醛香精成分具有反应性。伯醇和醛是许多香精谐香剂中的常见成分。这样的香精不适合用常规的微胶囊囊封。另外,具有高水溶性的香精成分也不适用于常规的囊封,因为这些成分倾向于留在水相中而不是囊封在微胶囊油芯中。在不损失反应性或水溶性成分的情况下囊封香精和其他活性材料方面仍存在挑战。
需要开发一种适用于囊封具有高水溶性或对形成壁的材料具有反应性的成分的香精的微胶囊。
发明概述
本发明基于以下发现:可以在不存在活性材料(例如香精)的情况下制备可重载的微胶囊,从而避免活性材料与形成壁的材料之间的反应。这种可重载的微胶囊出乎意料地改善了织物或皮肤上的游离香精的亲和性。它为将活性成分递送到消费品中提供了一种便捷的方法。
因此,本发明的一个方面涉及各自具有微胶囊芯和微胶囊壁的微胶囊。微胶囊芯囊封在微胶囊壁中并且含有亲水性芯溶剂和/或疏水性芯溶剂。由囊封聚合物形成的微胶囊壁对于亲水性芯溶剂和活性材料是可渗透的。
在一些实施方案中,不含活性材料(例如香精)的微胶囊芯由疏水性芯溶剂和亲水性芯溶剂组成;亲水性芯溶剂的水溶解度为1至100g/L,加权汉森(Hansen)溶解度参数为18以上,汉森极化率为4以上,并且汉森氢键合值为5以上;并且疏水性芯溶剂的加权汉森溶解度参数为18以下,汉森极化率为4以下,并且汉森氢键合值为5以下。疏水性芯溶剂和亲水性芯溶剂之间的重量比可以在1:9至9:1的范围内。
亲水性芯溶剂的实例包括但不限于柠檬酸三乙酯、三乙酸甘油酯、乙酸苄酯、乙酸乙酯、丙二醇、二丙二醇、二醇醚及其组合。示例性疏水性芯溶剂是肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、C5-C50(例如C5-C20和C6-C15)甘油三酯(例如,辛酸甘油三酯、癸酸甘油三酯及其混合物)、D-柠檬烯、硅油、矿物油及其组合。
在其他实施方案中,微胶囊具有直径为0.1至1000μm的尺寸。微胶囊芯和微胶囊壁之间的重量比优选地在1:99至99:1(例如,1:1至50:1、5:1至50:1和5:1至20:1)的范围内。用于微胶囊壁的合适的囊封聚合物包括聚丙烯酸酯、聚脲、聚氨酯、聚丙烯酰胺、聚酯、聚醚、聚酰胺、聚(丙烯酸酯-共-丙烯酰胺)、淀粉、二氧化硅、明胶和阿拉伯树胶、藻酸盐、壳聚糖、聚丙交酯、聚(三聚氰胺-甲醛)、聚(脲-甲醛)及其组合。
本发明的另一个方面涉及微胶囊组合物,其各自包含上述微胶囊中的任一种和具有外部亲水性溶剂和活性物质的连续相,其中微胶囊壁对于活性物质是可渗透的,微胶囊芯和活性物质之间的比率为1:99至99:1,并且活性材料选自由以下组成的组:香精、前香精(pro-fragrance)、香料、恶臭中和剂、维生素或其衍生物、抗炎剂、杀真菌剂、麻醉剂、止痛剂、抗微生物活性成分(antimicrobial active)、抗病毒剂、抗感染剂、祛痘剂、皮肤光亮剂、驱昆虫剂(insect repellant)、兽用驱避剂(animal repellent)、驱寄生虫剂(verminrepellent)、软化剂(emollient)、皮肤保湿剂、皱纹控制剂、UV防护剂、织物柔顺剂活性成分(fabric softener active)、硬表面清洁活性成分(hard surface cleaning active)、皮肤或头发调理剂、阻燃剂、抗静电剂、味道调节剂及其组合。
非限制性的示例性外部亲水性溶剂是水、乙醇、丙醇、二丙二醇、丙二醇、甘油、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯及其组合。
在一些微胶囊组合物中,活性材料是加权汉森溶解度参数为15至20、汉森极化率为5以下并且汉森氢键合值为10以下的香精。在其他微胶囊组合物中,香精含有两种以上香精成分,50重量%以上的香精成分具有0.1g/L以下的水溶解度,50重量%以下的香精成分具有100μg/L以下的蒸气浓度,并且30重量%以下的香精成分具有3以下的CLogP。在其他微胶囊组合物中,香精和亲水性芯溶剂之间的溶解度参数的欧几里德(Euclidean)差异小于香精和疏水性芯溶剂之间的欧几里德差异。在其他微胶囊组合物中,香精和疏水性芯溶剂之间的溶解度参数的欧几里德差异小于5。
如上所述的微胶囊组合物中的任一种还可以含有沉积助剂(depositionaid),诸如聚季铵盐-4、聚季铵盐-5、聚季铵盐-6、聚季铵盐-7、聚季铵盐-10、聚季铵盐-16、聚季铵盐-22、聚季铵盐-24、聚季铵盐-28、聚季铵盐-39、聚季铵盐-44、聚季铵盐-46、聚季铵盐-47、聚季铵盐-53、聚季铵盐-55、聚季铵盐-67、聚季铵盐-68、聚季铵盐-69、聚季铵盐-73、聚季铵盐-74、聚季铵盐-77、聚季铵盐-78、聚季铵盐-79、聚季铵盐-80、聚季铵盐-81、聚季铵盐-82、聚季铵盐-86、聚季铵盐-88、聚季铵盐-101、聚乙烯胺、聚乙烯亚胺、聚乙烯胺和乙烯甲酰胺(vinylformamide)共聚物及其组合。
制备任一种上述微胶囊组合物的方法也在本发明的范围内。所述方法包括以下步骤:(a)提供一种微胶囊,该微胶囊具有微胶囊芯和囊封该微胶囊芯的微胶囊壁,其中微胶囊芯含有亲水性芯溶剂和/或疏水性芯溶剂,并且微胶囊壁由囊封聚合物形成并且对于亲水性芯溶剂是可渗透的;(b)提供具有外部亲水性溶剂和活性物质的连续相;(c)将微胶囊和连续相混合,以得到微胶囊分散体;和(d)使微胶囊分散体老化,以得到微胶囊组合物。
含有上述微胶囊组合物中的任一种的消费品仍在本发明的范围内。消费品可以是液体或半固体产品,诸如洗发剂、护发剂、染发剂、头发清新剂、头发固定或定型助剂、头发漂白剂、头发染料或着色剂、肥皂、沐浴液、身体喷雾、身体喷雾剂、含有混悬技术的非气溶胶身体喷雾剂、驱昆虫剂、化妆品制备物、通用清洁剂、浴厕清洁剂、地板清洁剂、窗户清洁剂、浴巾(Bath Tissue)、纸巾、一次性擦拭巾、尿布疹乳膏/护臀膏、婴儿爽身粉、尿不湿、围嘴、婴儿擦拭巾、口腔护理产品、牙线、牙膏、漱口水、牙齿增白剂、义齿粘附剂、口香糖、口气清新剂、口腔可溶条、咀嚼糖、硬糖、洗手液、抗炎香油、抗炎软膏、抗炎喷雾剂、保健设备、牙刷、卫生棉塞、卫生巾、个人护理产品、防晒露、防晒喷雾剂、基于蜡的除臭剂、二醇型除臭剂、皂型除臭剂、面部乳液、身体乳液、手部乳液、爽身粉、剃须膏、浸浴用品、去角质磨砂膏、足霜、面巾、清洁擦拭巾、织物护理产品、织物柔顺剂、织物清新剂、熨烫水、液体衣物洗涤剂、粉末洗涤剂、液体碗碟洗涤剂、自动碗碟洗涤剂、单位剂量片剂或胶囊、增味剂、干衣机片板(drier sheet)、精制香精、固体香料、粉末粉底、液体粉底、眼影、唇膏或润唇膏、淡香水产品(Eau De Toilette product)、除臭剂、地毯除臭剂、蜡烛、房间除臭剂、消毒剂、止汗剂、滚抹式产品或气溶胶产品。示例性消费品是含有0.01至50%的上述微胶囊组合物中的任一种的气溶胶产品。
除非另外指明,则在本文和在权利要求中提到的所有份、百分比和比例都是以重量计的。
本文公开的值和尺寸不被理解为严格限于所记载的精确数值。而是,除非另外详细说明,每个这样的值都旨在意指所记载的值和在该值附近的功能等同范围两者。例如,作为“50%”公开的值旨在意指“约50%”。
术语“胶囊”和“微胶囊”可互换地使用。
术语“g”、“mg”和“μg”分别是指“克”、“毫克”和“微克”。术语“L”和“mL”分别是指“升”和“毫升”。
术语“汉森溶解度参数”是指查尔斯·汉森(Charles Hansen)提出的用于预测聚合物溶解度的溶解度参数方法,并且围绕由若干个别部分组成的液体总汽化能的基础开发。为了计算“加权汉森溶解度参数”,必须结合(原子)分散力、(分子)永久偶极-永久偶极力和(分子)氢键(电子交换)的影响。加权汉森溶解度参数”计算为(δD2+δP2+δH2)0.5,其中δD是汉森分散值,δP是汉森极化率值,并且δH是汉森氢键合(氢键合)值。对于参数和值的更详细描述,参见Charles Hansen,The Three Dimensional Solubility Parameter andSolvent Diffusion Coefficient,Danish Technical Press(Copenhagen,1967)。
香精和溶剂之间的溶解度参数的欧几里德差异计算为(4*(δD溶剂-δD香精)2+(δP溶剂-δP香精)2+(δH溶剂-δH香精)2)0.5,其中δD溶剂、δP溶剂和δH溶剂分别是溶剂的汉森分散值、汉森极化率值和汉森氢键合值;并且δD香精、δP香精和δH香精分别是香精的汉森分散值、汉森极化率值和汉森氢键合值。
本发明的一个或多个实施方案的细节在以下描述中说明。其他特征、目的和优点根据说明书和权利要求数将是明显的。
发明详述
已经发现,用亲水性溶剂配制的可重载的微胶囊出乎意料地改善了最初未囊封在微胶囊中的活性材料(例如香精)的亲和性(substantivity)。
这些微胶囊各自具有(i)对于亲水性芯溶剂和活性材料(例如香精)可渗透的微胶囊壁和(ii)单独地或与疏水性芯溶剂组合地含有亲水性芯溶剂的微胶囊芯。在优选的实施方案中,微胶囊芯由亲水性溶剂和疏水性溶剂组成,并且不含活性物质。
然后,在外部亲水性溶剂中配制可重载的微胶囊与活性材料。据信亲水性芯溶剂从微胶囊芯扩散到外部亲水性溶剂并且在微胶囊芯中产生空隙。活性材料沿相反方向扩散,即从外部亲水性溶剂扩散到微胶囊芯中的空隙,从而提供微胶囊组合物,而不需要在制备可重载的微胶囊期间囊封活性材料。
这样的微胶囊组合物被证明是一种能够在醇基载体中以延长的寿命递送香精的有效递送系统。通过制备不含香精的可重载的微胶囊,递送系统随后可以将选择的香精掺入可重载的微胶囊中以用于特定应用。因此,可以实现显著的规模经济和创造灵活性的增强。
微胶囊组合物可以有助于递送具有低亲和性的香精组分,从而扩大香精选择面(pallet)。术语亲和性是指囊封的香精在长时间内保留在固体表面(如皮肤、毛发、衣物、家具和地板)上的性质。
微胶囊组合物还允许递送具有官能团(如醛和伯醇)的香精组分,否则它们将与胶囊壁材料反应。这些官能团在香精以及其他活性材料中确实很常见。
此外,微胶囊组合物在其中需要疏水性半挥发性皮肤护理活性成分的局部亲和性的应用(如皮肤护理产品)中也具有适用性。一些非限制性实例包括防晒剂、局部镇痛剂,抗菌剂及其组合。
还构思了微胶囊组合物在其它应用(如化妆品、杀虫剂、驱虫剂、除草剂和用于害虫控制的信息素诱饵)中增强半挥发性活性成分的亲和性和释放的能力。
微胶囊组合物递送系统也可用于宽范围的消费应用,例如,个人护理产品,包括洗发剂、护发剂、染发剂、头发清新剂;个人洗涤用品(personal wash),如条皂、沐浴露、个人清洁剂和消毒剂;织物护理品,如织物清新剂、柔顺剂和干衣机片板(dryer sheets)、熨烫水、工业清洁剂、液体和粉末洗涤剂(包括单位剂量胶囊)、漂洗调理剂(rinseconditioner)和增味剂;精制香精(fine fragrances),如身体喷雾和淡香水产品(Eau DeToilette product);除臭剂;滚抹式产品(roll-on product);和气溶胶产品。特定的消费品是酒精除臭喷雾剂产品。
不受任何理论束缚,据信,当将可重载的微胶囊与活性材料在外部亲水性溶剂中混合时,亲水性芯溶剂从芯扩散到外部亲水性溶剂,为活性材料从外部亲水性溶剂扩散到微胶囊芯留出空间直到达到平衡。
微胶囊壁具有使得该壁对于亲水性芯溶剂和活性材料两者可渗透的孔或通道。渗透性还涉及壁的厚度,其可以通过微胶囊芯和形成微胶囊壁的材料之间的重量比来控制或操控。该重量比可以是100:1至1:1(例如,50:1至5:1和40:1至8:1)。通过使用更高的比率(即,微胶囊芯比形成微胶囊壁的材料更多),微胶囊壁变得更薄并且是更可渗透的。
微胶囊壁由囊封聚合物形成,该囊封聚合物可以是聚脲、聚氨酯、藻酸盐、明胶、脲甲醛、三聚氰胺甲醛、丙烯酸酯水凝胶、聚丙交酯、脱乙酰壳多糖、二氧化硅或其组合。
转向微胶囊芯,它含有亲水性芯溶剂。该溶剂的水溶解度可以是0.02至300g/L,优选0.1至200g/L,并且更优选1至100g/L。亲水性芯溶剂典型地具有18以上的加权汉森溶解度参数、4以上的汉森极化率(δP)和5以上的汉森氢键合值(δH)。示例性的亲水性芯溶剂是柠檬酸三乙酯、三乙酸甘油酯、乙酸苄酯、乙酸乙酯、丙二醇、二丙二醇及其组合。更多实例包括乙二醇醚如乙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇单乙醚、乙二醇单丙醚、乙二醇单异丙醚、乙二醇单丁醚、乙二醇单苯醚、乙二醇单苄醚、二乙二醇单甲醚、二乙二醇单乙醚、二乙二醇单正丁基醚、乙二醇二甲醚、乙二醇二乙醚、乙二醇二丁醚及其组合。
除亲水性芯溶剂以外,微胶囊芯还可以含有加权汉森溶解度参数为18以下、汉森极化率(δP)值为4以下并且汉森氢键合值(δH)为5以下的疏水性芯溶剂。加入这些非挥发性(即,沸点为100℃以上)的疏水性溶剂以改变微胶囊芯溶剂的亲水性/疏水性,以优化香精扩散。在一些实施方案中,疏水性溶剂用于增加各种活性材料的相容性、增加芯溶剂的总疏水性、影响蒸气压或用于构建混合物。合适的溶剂包括对活性物质具有合理亲和力并且ClogP大于2.5、优选大于3.5并且更优选大于5.5的那些。应注意,选择彼此具有高亲和力的溶剂和活性材料将导致稳定性改善。示例性溶剂是甘油三酯油、甘油单酯和甘油二酯、矿物油、硅油、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、聚α烯烃、蓖麻油、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、单酯、二酯和三酯及其混合物、脂肪酸和甘油。脂肪酸链可以在C4-C26的范围内,并且可以具有任意水平的不饱和度。例如,可以使用下列溶剂之一:称为NEOBEE M5的癸酸/辛酸甘油三酯(StepanCorporation);Abitec Corporation的CAPMUL系列(例如,CAPMUL MCM);肉豆蔻酸异丙酯;聚甘油低聚物的脂肪酸酯,例如R2CO-[OCH2-CH(OCOR1)-CH2O-]n,其中R1和R2可以是H或C4-C26脂族链或其混合物,并且n的范围在2至50之间,优选2至30之间;非离子脂肪醇烷氧化物(nonionic fatty alcohol alkoxylate),如巴斯夫(BASF)的NEODOL表面活性剂;ShellCorporation的dobanol表面活性剂或Stepan的BIO-SOFT表面活性剂,其中烷氧基是乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基或其混合物,并且所述表面活性剂可以用甲基封端以增加它们的疏水性;含有非离子、阴离子和阳离子表面活性剂的二和三脂肪酸链及其混合物;聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇和聚丁二醇的脂肪酸酯或其混合物;聚α烯烃,如EXXONMOBIL PURESYM PAO系列;酯类,如EXXONMOBIL PURESYN酯;矿物油;硅油,如聚二甲基硅氧烷和聚二甲基环硅氧烷;邻苯二甲酸二乙酯;己二酸二辛酯和己二酸二异癸酯。在某些实施方案中,酯油在分子中具有至少一个酯基。一类可用于本发明的常见酯油是脂肪酸单和多酯,如辛酸鲸蜡酯、异壬酸辛酯(octyl isonanoanate)、乳酸肉豆蔻酯、乳酸鲸蜡酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、肉豆蔻酸肉豆蔻酯、棕榈酸异丙酯、己二酸异丙酯、硬脂酸丁酯、油酸癸酯、异硬脂酸胆固醇酯、单硬脂酸甘油酯、二硬脂酸甘油酯、三硬脂酸甘油酯、乳酸烷醇酯、柠檬酸烷醇酯和酒石酸烷醇酯;蔗糖酯和聚酯、山梨糖醇酯等。第二类可用的酯油主要由甘油三酯和改性的甘油三酯组成。这些包括植物油,如霍霍巴油、大豆油、菜籽油、葵花油、红花油、米糠油、鳄梨油、杏仁油、橄榄油、芝麻油、桃仁油、蓖麻油、椰子油和貂油。还可以使用合成的甘油三酯,条件是它们在室温是液态。改性的甘油三酯包括诸如乙氧基化和马来酸酯化的甘油三酯衍生物的材料,条件是它们是液态。专用的酯混合物,如由FINETEX作为FINSOLV销售的那些也是合适的,其为乙基己酸甘油酯。第三类酯油是由二羧酸和二醇的反应形成的液态聚酯。适合于本发明的聚酯的实例有由EXXONMOBIL以商品名PURESYN ESTER市售的聚酯。优选的实例有肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、C5-C50甘油三酯(例如,辛酸(C8)甘油三酯、癸酸(C10)甘油三酯及其混合物)、D-柠檬烯、硅油及其组合。
疏水性芯溶剂和亲水性芯溶剂之间的比率为1:9至9:1(例如,1:4至4:1和2:3至3:2)。举例来说,微胶囊芯含有10-90重量%(例如,20-80重量%和40-60重量%)的疏水性芯溶剂和10-90重量%(例如,20-80重量%和40-60重量%)的亲水性芯溶剂,条件是疏水性芯溶剂和亲水性芯溶剂的总和为微胶囊芯的100重量%。
当可重载的微胶囊分散在外部亲水性溶剂中时,亲水性芯溶剂扩散到外部亲水性溶剂,因为外部亲水性溶剂和亲水性芯溶剂之间的亲和力大于疏水性芯溶剂和亲水性芯溶剂之间的亲和力。亲和力与上述溶解度参数的欧几里德差异有关。小的欧几里德差异表明强的亲和力。
活性物质(例如香精)存在于外部亲水性溶剂中。在一些实施方案中,活性材料对疏水性芯溶剂的亲和力大于对亲水性芯溶剂或外部亲水性溶剂的亲和力,使得活性材料易于扩散到微胶囊芯中。在其他实施方案中,活性材料的加权汉森溶解度参数为20以下(例如,15-20),汉森极化率(δP)值为5以下,并且汉森氢键合值(δH)为10以下(例如,9以下和8以下)。在其他实施方案中,活性材料的水溶解度为0.2g/L以下(例如,0.1g/L以下)和/或蒸气浓度为100μg/L以下(即,成分的蒸汽在其所蒸发到的空气中的浓度)。当活性材料是含有多种香精成分的香精时,50重量%以上(即50-100重量%)的香精成分具有0.1g/L以下的水溶解度和/或50重量%以下(即0-50重量%)的香精成分具有100μg/L以下的蒸气浓度。
亲水性芯溶剂和疏水性芯溶剂之间的重量比可以在1:99至99:1(例如,10:90至90:10、30:70至70:30和40:60至60:40)的范围内。
微胶囊壁由囊封聚合物形成。囊封聚合物的实例包括聚丙烯酸酯、聚脲、聚氨酯、聚丙烯酰胺、聚酯、聚醚、聚酰胺、聚(丙烯酸酯-共-丙烯酰胺)、淀粉、二氧化硅、明胶和阿拉伯树胶、藻酸盐、壳聚糖、聚丙交酯、聚(三聚氰胺-甲醛)、聚(脲-甲醛)及其组合。
特定的示例性囊封聚合物是聚脲,其典型地是多异氰酸酯和多胺在分散剂(如聚乙烯醇、缩合萘磺酸盐及其组合)的存在下的聚合反应的产物。可以使用芳族多异氰酸酯或脂族多异氰酸酯。合适的芳族多异氰酸酯包括含有苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基、萘基或联苯基部分或其组合的那些。实例有甲苯二异氰酸酯的聚异氰脲酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物、亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯和亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物。合适的脂族多异氰酸酯包括六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的对称或不对称三聚体、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的二聚体、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的三聚体、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的缩二脲及其组合。
示例性多胺包括六亚甲基二胺(“HMDA”)、六亚乙基二胺、乙二胺、1,3-二氨基丙烷、1,4-二氨基-丁烷、二亚乙基三胺、五亚乙基六胺、双(3-氨基丙基)胺、双(六亚甲基)三胺、三(2-氨基乙基)胺、三亚乙基-四胺、N,N′-双(3-氨基丙基)-1,3-丙二胺、四亚乙基五胺、支化的聚乙烯亚胺、壳聚糖、乳酸链球菌肽(nisin)、明胶、1,3-二氨基-胍、1,1-二甲基双胍、胍、精氨酸、赖氨酸、鸟氨酸及其组合。
多异氰酸酯和多胺(例如,HMDA)之间的重量比可以在99:1至1:99(例如,50:1至1:50和20:1至20:1)的范围内。
更多的微胶囊壁材料如下所述,并且还可以在诸如US 7,196,049、US 2014/0044760、WO 2014/011860、WO 2014/059087、WO 2016/049456、WO 2015/023961和WO 2014/085287的出版物中找到。
由此制备的可重载的微胶囊典型地具有直径在0.1至1000微米(即μm)(例如,0.5至500微米、1至200微米、2至50微米、5至25微米和1至10微米)的范围内的粒度。胶囊尺寸分布可以是窄的、宽的或多模式的。
1.微胶囊递送系统
可以按照本领域已知的囊封方法制备可重载的微胶囊,除了在该方法中不囊封活性材料以外。参见例如美国专利号5,112,688、6,329,057和6,261,483。形成壁的材料(即,囊封聚合物)包括三聚氰胺-甲醛、聚氨酯、聚硅氧烷、聚脲、聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺、聚乙烯醇、聚酐、聚烯烃、聚砜、多糖、蛋白质、多肽、聚丙交酯(PLA)、聚乙交酯(PGA)、聚原酸酯、聚磷腈、有机硅、脂质、改性纤维素、树胶、聚苯乙烯、聚酯、聚醚及这些材料的组合。起作用的其他聚合物材料是乙烯马来酸酐共聚物、苯乙烯马来酸酐共聚物、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物和丙交酯乙交酯共聚物。来源于藻酸盐、壳聚糖、胶原蛋白、糊精、明胶和淀粉的生物聚合物也可以用作囊封材料。另外,微胶囊可以通过明胶的简单或复杂凝聚制成。优选的囊封壁聚合物包括由异氰酸酯、丙烯酸酯、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸酯-共-丙烯酰胺、水凝胶单体、溶胶-凝胶前体、明胶、三聚氰胺-甲醛或脲-甲醛缩合物形成的那些,以及相似类型的氨基塑料。
以下将描述某些特定的囊封聚合物作为非限制性实例。
1.1聚脲/聚氨酯胶囊
聚脲胶囊各自具有由囊封聚合物形成的微胶囊壁,该囊封聚合物是多异氰酸酯和多胺/多元醇的聚合反应产物。参见WO 2004/054362;WO 2015/023961;和US专利号6,340,653和8,299,011。另外,囊封聚合物也可以使用羰基交联剂和多胺/多元醇制备。
1.1.1多异氰酸酯
多异氰酸酯各自含有两个以上的异氰酸酯(-NCO)基团。合适的多异氰酸酯包括,例如,1,5-萘二异氰酸酯,4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI),氢化MDI(H12MDI),苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯(XDI),四甲基苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯(TMXDI),4,4’-二苯基二甲基甲烷二异氰酸酯,二和四烷基二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,4,4’-二苄基二异氰酸酯,1,3-苯二异氰酸酯,1,4-苯二异氰酸酯,甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)的异构体,任选地在混合物中,1-甲基-2,4-二异氰酸基环己烷,1,6-二异氰酸基-2,2,4-三甲基己烷,1,6-二异氰酸基-2,4,4-三甲基己烷,1-异氰酸基甲基-3-异氰酸基-1,5,5-三甲基环己烷,氯化和溴化的二异氰酸酯,含磷的二异氰酸酯,4,4’-二异氰酸基苯基全氟乙烷,四甲氧基丁烷1,4-二异氰酸酯,丁烷1,4-二异氰酸酯,己烷1,6-二异氰酸酯(HDI),二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯,环己烷1,4-二异氰酸酯,亚乙基二异氰酸酯,邻苯二甲酸双异氰酸基乙基酯,以及具有反应性卤原子的多异氰酸酯,如1-氯甲基苯基2,4-二异氰酸酯、1-溴甲基苯基2,6-二异氰酸酯和3,3-双氯甲基醚4,4’-联苯基二异氰酸酯。含硫多异氰酸酯例如通过使六亚甲基二异氰酸酯与硫二甘醇或二羟基二己基硫化物反应来获得。另外的合适的二异氰酸酯是三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1,4-二异氰酸基丁烷、1,2-二异氰酸基十二烷、二聚体脂肪酸二异氰酸酯及其组合。
其他合适的可商购获得的多异氰酸酯包括LUPRANATE M20(PMDI,可由巴斯夫(BASF)商购获得,含有31.5重量%的异氰酸酯基团“NCO”),其中平均值n是0.7;BAYHYDURN304和BAYHYDUR N305,其是基于六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的脂族的水可分散的多异氰酸酯;DESMODUR N3600、DESMODUR N3700和DESMODUR N3900,其是基于六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的低粘度多官能脂族多异氰酸酯;DESMODUR 3600和DESMODUR N100,其是基于六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的脂族多异氰酸酯,可从拜耳公司,匹兹堡,PA(Bayer Corporation,Pittsburgh,PA)商购获得;PAPI 27(可由陶氏化学(Dow Chemical)商购获得的具有340的平均分子量并且含有31.4重量%的NCO的PMDI),其中平均值n是0.7;MONDUR MR(含有31重量%以上的NCO的PMDI,可由拜耳(Bayer)商购获得),其中平均值n是0.8;MONDUR MR Light(含有31.8重量%的NCO的PMDI,可由拜耳商购获得),其中平均值n是0.8;MONDUR 489(可由拜耳商购获得的含有30-31.4重量%的NCO的PMDI),其中平均值n是1.0;聚[(苯基异氰酸酯)-共-甲醛](奥德里奇化学,密尔沃基,WI(Aldrich Chemical,Milwaukee,WI)),其他异氰酸酯单体,如DESMODURN3200(可由拜耳商购获得的聚(六亚甲基二异氰酸酯)),和TAKENATE D110-N(可由三井化学株式会社,Rye Brook,NY(Mitsui Chemicals corporation,Rye Brook,NY)商购获得的二甲苯二异氰酸酯加成聚合物,含有11.5重量%的NCO)、DESMODUR L75(可由拜耳商购获得的基于甲苯二异氰酸酯的多异氰酸酯)和DESMODUR IL(可由拜耳商购获得的基于甲苯二异氰酸酯的另一多异氰酸酯)。
在一些实施方案中,用于制备本发明的胶囊的多异氰酸酯是单一多异氰酸酯。在其他实施方案中,多异氰酸酯是多异氰酸酯的混合物。在一些实施方案中,多异氰酸酯的混合物包括脂族多异氰酸酯和芳族多异氰酸酯。在特别的实施方案中,多异氰酸酯的混合物是六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的缩二脲和苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯的三羟甲基丙烷加合物。在某些实施方案中,多异氰酸酯是脂族异氰酸酯或脂族异氰酸酯的混合物,不含任何芳族异氰酸酯。换言之,在这些实施方案中,不使用芳族异氰酸酯制备作为胶囊壁材料的聚脲/聚氨酯聚合物。
某些合适的多异氰酸酯的平均分子量从250至1000Da并且优选从275至500Da变化。通常,多异氰酸酯浓度的范围从0.1%至10%、优选从0.1%至8%、更优选从0.2至5%并且甚至更优选从1.5%至3.5%变化,所有都基于胶囊递送系统的重量。
1.1.2羰基交联剂
羰基交联剂各自具有至少两个官能团,例如第一官能团和第二官能团。
第一官能团是对多官能胺或多官能醇具有反应性的亲电子基团,以形成囊封聚合物的网络。实例包括甲酰基、酮基(keto)、羧基、羧酸酯基团、酰基卤基团、酰胺基团、酸酐基团、烷基卤基团、环氧基团、氮杂环丙烷(aziridine)基团、氧杂环丁烷(oxetane)基团、氮杂环丁烷(azetidine)基团、磺酰卤基团、氯磷酸酯基团、异氰酸酯基团、α,β-不饱和羰基、α,β-不饱和腈基团或α,β-不饱和甲磺酰基。优选地,第一官能团是含有羰基如甲酰基、酮基、羧基、羧酸酯基团、酰基卤基团、酰胺基团、酸酐基团、α,β-不饱和羰基、三氟甲磺酸酯基和对甲苯磺酸酯基的羰基亲电子基团。
第二官能团是对多官能胺或多官能醇具有反应性的亲电子基团。它可以选自如上所列出的基团。
羰基交联剂的实例包括戊二醛、丁二醛(succinic dialdehyde)和乙二醛;以及化合物如乙醛酰基三聚体和多聚甲醛、双(二甲基)缩醛、双(二乙基)缩醛、聚二醛,诸如氧化淀粉。优选地,交联剂是低分子量、双官能的醛,诸如乙二醛、1,3-丙二醛、1,4-丁二醛、1,5-戊二醛或1,6-己烷。
1.1.3多官能胺
合适的多官能胺包括WO 2015/023961中描述的那些。实例有六亚甲基二胺、六亚乙基二胺、乙二胺、1,3-二氨基丙烷、1,4-二氨基-丁烷、二亚乙基三胺、五亚乙基六胺、双(3-氨基丙基)胺、双(六亚甲基)三胺、三(2-氨基乙基)胺、三亚乙基-四胺、N,N′-双(3-氨基丙基)-1,3-丙二胺、四亚乙基五胺、氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇、壳聚糖、1,3-二氨基-胍、1,1-二甲基双胍、胍、精氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸、鸟氨酸、乳酸链球菌肽、明胶及其组合。
其他合适的多胺包括聚乙烯亚胺和支化的聚乙烯亚胺(“BPEI”)。代表性的BPEI结构如下所示:
其中n为1至20,000(例如,1至10,000、2至5,000和2至1,000)的整数。用于本发明的BPEI优选地具有500至5,000,000道尔顿(例如,500至1,000,000道尔顿、750至500,000道尔顿、750至100,000道尔顿和750至50,000道尔顿)的分子量。
BPEI可从Sigma-Aldrich(St.Louis,MO;平均分子量25,000道尔顿)和Polysciences Inc.(Warrington,PA;分子量为600、1200、1800、10,000、70,000、750,000、250,000和2,000,000道尔顿的多种产品)商购获得。
1.1.4多官能醇
WO 2015/023961中还描述了合适的多官能醇。实例包括季戊四醇、二季戊四醇、甘油、聚甘油、乙二醇、聚乙二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、新戊二醇、山梨糖醇、赤藓糖醇、苏糖醇、阿拉伯糖醇、木糖醇、核糖醇、甘露糖醇、半乳糖醇、岩藻糖醇、艾杜糖醇(iditol)、肌醇、庚七醇(volemitol)、异麦芽糖醇(isomalt)、麦芽糖醇、乳糖醇、麦芽三糖醇(maltotriitol)、麦芽四糖醇(maltotetraitol)、聚葡萄糖糖醇(polyglycitol)及其组合。
1.2氨基塑料(Aminoplast)和明胶微胶囊
用于氨基塑料囊封的代表性工艺披露于US 2007/0078071,但是已意识到关于材料和工艺步骤的许多变形是可能的。另一种囊封工艺,即明胶囊封,披露于US 2,800,457。两种工艺分别在用于美国专利号4,145,184和5,112,688的消费品中的香精囊封的情形进行了讨论。聚合物系统在本领域是熟知的并且这些的非限制性实例包括如在申请GB2006709 A中披露的氨基塑料胶囊和囊封粒子;如在US 4,396,670中披露的具有壁的微胶囊的生产,所述壁包含与三聚氰胺-甲醛预缩合物反应的苯乙烯-马来酸酐;如在US 5,089,339中披露的与三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂交联的丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺共聚物;如在US 5,401,577中披露的由阳离子三聚氰胺-甲醛缩合物构成的胶囊;如在US 3,074,845中披露的三聚氰胺甲醛微囊封;酰胺基-醛树脂原位聚合的胶囊(参见EP 0 158 449 A1);醚化的脲-甲醛聚合物(参见US 5,204,185);如描述于US4,525,520中的三聚氰胺-甲醛微胶囊;如描述于US 5,011,634中的交联的油溶性三聚氰胺-甲醛预缩合物;如在US 5,013,473中披露的由阳离子和阴离子三聚氰胺-甲醛预缩合物(其随后发生交联)的复合物形成的胶囊壁材料;如在US3,516,941中披露的由加成聚合物如缩合聚合物、酚醛树脂、脲醛树脂或丙烯酸聚合物制成的聚合物壳;如在EP 0 443 428 A2中披露的脲-甲醛胶囊;如在GB 2 062 570 A中披露的三聚氰胺-甲醛化学;以及如在US 4,001,140中披露的,由以酸或盐形式的苯乙烯磺酸的聚合物或共聚物构成的胶囊,和与三聚氰胺-甲醛交联的胶囊。
脲-甲醛和三聚氰胺-甲醛预缩合物微胶囊壳壁前体通过使脲或三聚氰胺与甲醛反应来制备,其中三聚氰胺或脲与甲醛的摩尔比在约10:1至约1:6、优选约1:2至约1:5的范围内。对于实施本发明的目的,所得的材料具有在156至3000范围内的分子量。所得的材料可以‘按照原样’用作用于前述取代或未取代丙烯酸聚合物或共聚物的交联剂,或者它可以进一步与C1-C6醇,例如,甲醇、乙醇、2-丙醇、3-丙醇、1-丁醇、1-戊醇或1-己醇反应,由此形成部分醚,其中三聚氰胺/脲:甲醇:醇的摩尔比在1:(0.1-6):(0.1-6)的范围内。所得的含醚部分的产物可以‘按照原样’用作用于前述取代或未取代丙烯酸聚合物或共聚物的交联剂,或者它可以自身缩合以形成二聚体、三聚体和/或四聚体,其也可以用作用于前述取代或未取代丙烯酸聚合物或共聚物的交联剂。用于形成这样的三聚氰胺-甲醛和脲-甲醛预缩合物的方法在美国专利号3,516,846和6,261,483以及Lee等(2002)J.Microencapsulation19,559-569中提出。
可用于本发明实践中的脲-甲醛预缩合物的实例有URAC 180和URAC 186,其是Cytec Technology Corp.,Wilmington,DE的商标。可用于本发明实践中的三聚氰胺-甲醛预缩合物的实例包括,但不限于,CYMEL U-60、CYMEL U-64和CYMEL U-65,其是CytecTechnology Corp.,Wilmington,DE的商标。作为用于交联的预缩合物,优选使用取代或未取代丙烯酸聚合物或共聚物。在实施本发明中,脲-甲醛预缩合物/三聚氰胺-甲醛预缩合物与取代/未取代丙烯酸聚合物/共聚物的摩尔比的范围在约9:1至约1:9、优选约5:1至约1:5并且最优选约2:1至约1:2的范围内。
在一个实施方案中,也可以使用具有由伯胺和/或仲胺反应性基团或其混合物和交联剂构成的的一种或多种聚合物的微胶囊。参见US2006/0248665。胺聚合物可以具有伯胺和/或仲胺官能度并且可以为天然或合成来源的。天然来源的含胺聚合物典型地是蛋白质如明胶和白蛋白,以及一些多糖。合成胺聚合物包括各种程度的水解聚乙烯甲酰胺、聚乙烯胺、聚烯丙胺和具有伯胺和仲胺侧基的其他合成聚合物。合适的胺聚合物的实例有可商购得自巴斯夫的聚乙烯甲酰胺的LUPAMIN系列。这些材料的分子量可以在10,000至1,000,000道尔顿的范围内。
脲-甲醛或三聚氰胺-甲醛胶囊也可以包含甲醛清除剂,其能够结合游离甲醛。当胶囊用于在含水介质中使用时,甲醛清除剂如亚硫酸钠、三聚氰胺、甘氨酸和碳酰肼(carbohydrazine)是合适的。当胶囊旨在用于具有低pH的产品,例如,织物护理调理剂中时,甲醛清除剂优选选自β二酮,如β-酮酯或选自1,3-二醇,如丙二醇。优选的β-酮酯包括烷基-丙二酸酯、烷基乙酰乙酸酯和聚乙烯醇乙酰乙酸酯。
1.3溶胶-凝胶微胶囊
溶胶-凝胶微胶囊各自具有溶胶-凝胶聚合物作为囊封聚合物。溶胶-凝胶聚合物是溶胶-凝胶前体(一种能够形成溶胶-凝胶聚合物的化合物)的聚合产物。溶胶-凝胶前体典型地是含有硅、硼、铝、钛、锌、锆和钒的那些。优选的前体是有机硅、有机硼、有机铝,包括金属醇化物和b-二酮化物(b-diketonate)及其组合。参见US 9,532,933。
1.4水凝胶微胶囊
使用可聚合材料如单官能或多官能丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸或其酯制备水凝胶微胶囊。参见例如WO2014/011860。下面列出了可用于制备水凝胶微胶囊的示例性材料。
1.4.1单体
通过举例说明且非限制性地,优选的二或多官能乙烯基单体包括:丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸2-羟乙酯、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸戊酯、丙烯酸己酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯、丙烯酸庚酯、丙烯酸辛酯、丙烯酸壬酯、丙烯酸癸酯、丙烯酸十二烷基酯、丙烯酸十四烷基酯、丙烯酸十六烷基酯、丙烯酸异丙酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸仲丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基丁基酯、丙烯酸3-甲基丁基酯、丙烯酸1-乙基丙基酯、丙烯酸2-甲基戊基酯、丙烯酸2-乙基丁基酯、丙烯酸1,3-二甲基丁基酯、丙烯酸1-甲基己基酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯、丙烯酸1-甲基庚基酯、丙烯酸4-乙基-1-甲基辛基酯、丙烯酸4-乙基-1,1-异丁基辛基酯、丙烯酸烯丙酯、丙烯酸2-甲基烯丙酯、丙烯酸1-甲基烯丙酯、丙烯酸2-丁烯酯、丙烯酸1,3-二甲基-3-二丁烯酯、丙烯酸3,7-二甲基-7-辛烯酯、丙烯酸3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯酯、丙烯酸3,7-二甲基-6-辛烯酯、丙烯酸叔丁酯、二丙烯酸三甘醇酯、二甲基丙烯酸三甘醇酯、二丙烯酸二甘醇酯、二甲基丙烯酸二甘醇酯、二丙烯酸三丙二醇酯、脂族或芳族尿烷二丙烯酸酯、二官能尿烷丙烯酸酯、乙氧基化双酚二丙烯酸酯、乙氧基化双酚二甲基丙烯酸酯、乙氧基化脂族二官能尿烷甲基丙烯酸酯、乙氧基化三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、乙氧基化季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、二丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、脂族或芳族尿烷二甲基丙烯酸酯、环氧丙烯酸酯、环氧甲基丙烯酸酯、二甲基丙烯酸四甘醇酯、二丙烯酸四甘醇酯、聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、二丙烯酸1,3-丁二醇酯、二甲基丙烯酸1,3-丁二醇酯、二甲基丙烯酸1,4-丁二醇酯、二丙烯酸1,4-丁二醇酯、二丙烯酸1,6-已二醇酯、二甲基丙烯酸1,6-已二醇酯、二丙烯酸新戊二醇酯、烷氧基化已二醇二丙烯酸酯、烷氧基化环己烷二甲醇二丙烯酸酯、丙氧基化新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、三丙烯酸季戊四醇酯、丙氧基化三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、丙氧基化甘油三丙烯酸酯、二(三羟甲基)丙烷四丙烯酸酯、五丙烯酸二季戊四醇酯等。可以使用的甲基丙烯酸的代表性酯单体包括甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丙酯、甲基丙烯酸异丙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸仲丁酯、甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯、甲基丙烯酸正己酯、甲基丙烯酸正辛酯、甲基丙烯酸异辛酯、甲基丙烯酸癸酯、甲基丙烯酸正十二烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸正十四烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸正十六烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯、甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯、甲基丙烯酸油烯酯、甲基丙烯酸2-丙炔酯、甲基丙烯酸2-(二甲基氨基)乙基酯、甲基丙烯酸2-(二乙基氨基)乙基酯、甲基丙烯酸2-(二异丙基氨基)乙基酯、N-(2-氨基乙基)甲基丙烯酰胺盐酸盐、甲基丙烯酸2-氨基乙基酯盐酸盐、N-(3-氨基丙基)甲基丙烯酰胺盐酸盐、甲基丙烯酸2-(叔丁基氨基)乙基酯等。
上述单体可以单独使用或以各种混合物使用。多官能丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯的使用将导致在聚合时形成交联的网络聚合物。这样的聚合物具有所需的性能,如良好的机械强度、弹性、韧性和柔性。本发明中使用的多官能丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯的实例包括,但不限于,二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGDMA)、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基三丙烯酸酯、三丙烯酸季戊四醇酯、四丙烯酸季戊四醇酯、二甲基丙烯酸双酚A酯、二(三羟甲基丙烷)四丙烯酸酯(DTTA)、1-(丙烯酰氧基)-3-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)-2-丙醇(AOOP),三羟甲基丙烷乙氧基化三丙烯酸酯(TPETA)、五丙烯酸二季戊四醇酯、己烷二丙烯酸酯、聚(乙二醇)二甲基丙烯酸酯(PEGDMA)和二甲基丙烯酸1,6-己二醇酯(HDDMA)、二甲基丙烯酸1,4-丁二醇酯、二甲基丙烯酸1,3-丁二醇酯、二丙烯酸1,6-己二醇酯、二丙烯酸1,4-丁二醇酯、二丙烯酸1,3-丁二醇酯。
在某些实施方案中,丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸或其酯占油相的小于25质量%、优选5至20质量%或更优选10至15质量%。
1.4.2引发剂
引发剂通常用于使聚合反应开始。实例包括但不限于:AIBN、过硫酸钠、过氧化苯甲酰和过硫酸铵。
1.5凝聚胶囊
可用于凝聚工艺的蛋白质包括白蛋白、植物球蛋白和明胶。明胶可以是例如鱼、猪、牛和/或家禽明胶。根据一个优选实施方案,蛋白质是鱼、牛或家禽明胶。根据一个更优选实施方案,蛋白质是温水鱼明胶。
可用于复杂凝聚方法中的典型非蛋白质聚合物特别地包括带负电荷的聚合物。例如,它们可以选自阿拉伯树胶,黄原胶,琼脂,藻酸盐,纤维素衍生物,例如羧甲基纤维素,果胶酸盐,角叉菜胶,聚丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸,和/或其混合物。另外的合适非蛋白质可以来源于文献,例如源自WO 2004/022221。
典型地使用交联剂来使包覆层硬化。合适的交联剂包括甲醛、乙醛、戊二醛、乙二醛、铬钒或转谷氨酰胺酶。优选地,转谷氨酰胺酶以10-100,优选30-60活性单位/克明胶使用。此酶被很好描述并且是商购可得的。
1.6微胶囊形成助剂
大多数微胶囊形成助剂用作分散剂(即乳化剂或表面活性剂)。它们有助于形成待囊封的含有纳米或微米级油滴的稳定乳液。此外,微胶囊形成助剂通过稳定胶囊和/或它们向目标区域的沉积或向环境的释放来改善微胶囊的性能。性能通过使用经历期间(如洗衣经历的揉搓前和揉搓后阶段)的香精释放的强度来测定。揉搓前阶段是微胶囊已经沉积在布上的阶段,例如在洗涤循环期间已经使用含有微胶囊的织物柔顺剂之后。揉搓后阶段是在微胶囊已经沉积并且通过摩擦或其他类似机制使微胶囊破裂之后。
这些微胶囊形成助剂的量是微胶囊的约0.1至40重量百分比、更优选0.1至约10重量百分比、更优选0.1至5重量百分比中的任何一点。
优选的微胶囊形成助剂是聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇、聚(苯乙烯磺酸盐)、羧甲基纤维素、萘磺酸盐缩合物的钠盐、乙烯和马来酸酐的共聚物、藻酸盐、透明质酸、聚(丙烯酸)、羧甲基纤维素、丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺的共聚物、丙烯酰胺和丙烯酰胺基丙基三甲基氯化铵(acrylamidopropyltrimonium chloride)的共聚物、(丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺和丙烯酰胺基丙基三甲基氯化铵)的三聚体、部分或完全水解的聚乙酸乙烯酯聚合物(即聚乙烯醇)及其组合。
其他微胶囊形成助剂包括以下的水溶性盐:烷基硫酸盐、烷基醚硫酸盐、烷基异硫代硫酸盐(alkyl isothionates)、烷基羧酸盐、烷基磺基琥珀酸盐、烷基琥珀酰胺酸盐(alkyl succinamates)、烷基硫酸盐如十二烷基硫酸钠、烷基肌氨酸盐、蛋白质水解产物的烷基衍生物、酰基天冬氨酸盐、烷基或烷基醚或烷基芳基醚磷酸酯、十二烷基硫酸钠、磷脂或卵磷脂、或皂、硬脂酸钠、硬脂酸钾或硬脂酸铵、油酸盐或棕榈酸盐、烷基芳基磺酸盐如十二烷基苯磺酸钠、二烷基磺基琥珀酸酯钠、二辛基磺基琥珀酸盐、二月桂基磺基琥珀酸酯钠、聚(苯乙烯磺酸)钠盐、异丁烯-马来酸酐共聚物、阿拉伯树胶、藻酸钠、纤维素硫酸盐和果胶、异丁烯-马来酸酐共聚物、阿拉伯树胶、角叉菜胶、藻酸钠、果胶酸、黄蓍胶、杏仁胶和琼脂;半合成聚合物如硫酸化纤维素、硫酸化甲基纤维素、羧甲基淀粉、磷酸化淀粉、木质素磺酸;和合成聚合物如马来酸酐共聚物(包括其水解产物)、聚丙烯酸、聚甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物或巴豆酸均聚物和共聚物、乙烯基苯磺酸或2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸均聚物和共聚物、以及此类聚合物和共聚物的部分酰胺或部分酯、羧基改性的聚乙烯醇、磺酸改性的聚乙烯醇和磷酸改性的聚乙烯醇、磷酸化或硫酸化的三苯乙烯基苯酚乙氧基化物。
可商购获得的表面活性剂包括,但不限于,磺化的萘-甲醛缩合物,如MORWET D425(烷基萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物的钠盐,Akzo Nobel,Fort Worth,TX);部分水解的聚乙烯醇,如MOWIOL,例如MOWIOL 3-83(Air Products)、Ultalux FP、Ultalux FA、Ultalux AD、Selvol203(Sekisui)、OKS-8089(Sourus);氧化乙烯-氧化丙烯嵌段共聚物或泊洛沙姆,如PLURONIC、SYNPERONIC或PLURACARE材料(巴斯夫);磺化的聚苯乙烯,如FLEXAN II(AkzoNobel);乙烯-马来酸酐聚合物,如ZEMAC(Vertellus Specialties Inc.);丙烯酰胺和丙烯酰胺基丙基三甲基氯化铵的共聚物,如Salcare SC 60(巴斯夫);和聚季铵盐系列,如聚季铵盐11(“PQ11”;乙烯吡咯烷酮和季铵化的甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯的共聚物;由巴斯夫作为LUVIQUAT PQ11AT 1销售)。表面活性剂MOWIOL 3-83的粘度为2-4mPa·S(例如,3mPa·S),水解度为80-85%(例如,83%),酯值为170-210mg KOH/g(例如,190mg KOH/g),并且残留未水解乙酰含量为13-18%(例如,15%)。
在其他实施方案中,胶囊形成助剂是加工助剂,如水胶体,其改善浆料针对凝聚、沉降和乳状分层(creaming)的胶体稳定性。术语“水胶体”是指广义类的具有阴离子的、阳离子的、两性离子的或非离子的特征的水溶性或水可分散性聚合物。可用于本发明的水胶体包括但不限于多糖,如淀粉、改性淀粉、糊精、麦芽糖糊精和纤维素衍生物、以及它们的季铵化形式;天然树胶,如藻酸酯、角叉菜胶、黄原胶(xanthanes)、琼脂、果胶(pectines)、果胶酸和天然树胶如阿拉伯树胶、黄蓍胶和刺梧桐胶、瓜尔胶和季铵化的瓜尔胶;明胶(gelatine)、蛋白质水解产物和它们的季铵化形式;合成的聚合物和共聚物,如乙烯吡咯烷酮-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯醇-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚((甲基)丙烯酸)、聚(马来酸)、(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯-(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物、丙烯酸-马来酸共聚物、聚(氧化烯烃)、聚(乙烯基甲基醚)、乙烯基醚-马来酸酐共聚物等,以及聚-(乙烯亚胺)、聚((甲基)丙烯酰胺)、氧化烯烃-二甲基硅氧烷共聚物、聚(氨基-二甲基硅氧烷)、Ultrez 20(丙烯酸酯/C10-30烷基丙烯酸酯交联聚合物)、Ultrez 30(环己烷和乙酸乙酯共溶剂系统中聚合的丙烯酸的交联均聚物)、Aculyn Excel(丙烯酸酯共聚物)、Carbopol 981(卡波姆)等,以及它们的季铵化形式。
胶囊形成助剂在加工期间还可以与羧甲基纤维素(“CMC”)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇、烷基萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物和/或表面活性剂组合使用以促进胶囊形成。可以与胶囊形成助剂组合使用的表面活性剂的实例包括但不限于鲸蜡基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC),泊洛沙姆,如PLURONICS(例如,PLURONIC F127)、PLURAFAC(例如,PLURAFAC F127)或MIRANET-N,皂苷,如QNATURALE(National Starch Food Innovation);或阿拉伯树胶,如Seyal或Senegal。在某些实施方案中,CMC聚合物具有在约90,000道尔顿至1,500,000道尔顿之间、优选在约250,000道尔顿至750,000道尔顿之间、并且更优选在400,000道尔顿至750,000道尔顿之间的分子量范围。CMC聚合物具有在约0.1至约3之间、优选在约0.65至约1.4之间、并且更优选在约0.8至约1.0之间的取代度。CMC聚合物以约0.1%至约2%、并且优选约0.3%至约0.7%的水平存在于胶囊浆料中。在其他实施方案中,本发明中使用的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮是水溶性聚合物,并且具有1,000至10,000,000的分子量。合适的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮是聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K12、K15、K17、K25、K30、K60、K90或其混合物。聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的量为胶囊递送系统的2-50重量%、5-30重量%或10-25重量%。可商购的烷基萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物包括MORWET D-425,它是Akzo Nobel,Fort Worth,TX的萘磺酸盐缩合物的钠盐。
在食品中,使用食品级分散剂。术语“食品级分散剂”是指具有适合人类食用的质量的分散剂。它们可以是天然或非天然产物。天然产物或表面活性剂是指天然存在的并且来自天然来源的产物。天然产物/表面活性剂包括它们的衍生物,其可以使用天然酶或微生物进行盐化、脱盐、去油、分级或改性。另一方面,非天然表面活性剂是通过不涉及酶改性的化学方法化学合成的表面活性剂。
天然分散剂包括皂树皂苷、卵磷脂、阿拉伯树胶、果胶、角叉菜胶、壳聚糖、硫酸软骨素、纤维素胶、改性淀粉、乳清蛋白、豌豆蛋白、卵清蛋白、丝蛋白、鱼明胶、猪源或牛源蛋白、酯树胶、脂肪酸及其组合。
非天然分散剂包括N-月桂酰基-L-精氨酸乙酯、脱水山梨糖醇酯、聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇酯、聚甘油酯、脂肪酸酯及其组合。
其他食品安全分散剂也可包括在本发明的微胶囊中。实例包括磷酯铵(ammoniumphosphatide)、甘油单酯和甘油二酯的乙酸酯(Acetem)、脂肪酸的甘油单酯和甘油二酯的乳酸酯(Lactem)、脂肪酸的甘油单酯和甘油二酯的柠檬酸酯(Citrem)、脂肪酸的甘油单酯和甘油二酯的单和二乙酰酒石酸酯(Datem)、脂肪酸甘油单酯的琥珀酸酯(SMG)、乙氧基化甘油单酯、脂肪酸蔗糖酯、蔗糖甘油酯(sucroglyceride)、聚蓖麻油酸聚甘油酯、脂肪酸的丙烷-1,2-二醇酯、与脂肪酸的甘油单酯或甘油二酯相互作用的热氧化大豆油、硬脂酰乳酸钠(SSL)、硬脂酰乳酸钙(CSL)、硬脂酰酒石酸酯、酯交换蓖麻油酸的聚甘油酯(E476)、硬脂酰乳酸钠(sodium stearoyllatylate)、十二烷基硫酸钠、聚氧乙烯化氢化蓖麻油(例如,以商品名CREMO-PHOR销售的)、环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物(例如,以商品名PLURONIC或商品名POLOXAMER销售的)、聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚和聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯。
1.7另外的壁聚合物
囊封聚合物还可以包括一种或多种另外的壁聚合物,例如第二、第三、第四、第五或第六聚合物。另外的聚合物可以选自由以下组成的组:二氧化硅、聚丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酰胺、聚(丙烯酸酯-共-丙烯酰胺)、聚脲、聚氨酯、淀粉、明胶和阿拉伯树胶、聚(三聚氰胺-甲醛)、聚(脲-甲醛)及其组合。
1.8囊封方法
常规囊封方法可以用于制备可重载的微胶囊。参见WO 2015/023961。
通过举例说明,为了制备具有聚脲囊封聚合物的可重载的微胶囊,首先制备含有以下的水包油乳液:(i)多胺、多元醇或其混合物,(ii)多异氰酸酯、羰基交联剂或其混合物,(iii)具有亲水性芯溶剂和疏水性芯溶剂的油相,和(iv)具有微胶囊形成助剂和水的水相。当提高反应混合物的温度或向混合物中加入催化剂(如用于催化酰胺形成的转谷氨酰胺酶)时,发生多胺/多元醇与多异氰酸酯/羰基交联剂之间的反应。
适合用于聚脲/聚氨酯形成的催化剂是转谷氨酰胺酶、金属碳酸盐、金属氢氧化物、氨基或有机金属化合物,并且包括例如碳酸钠、碳酸铯、碳酸钾、氢氧化锂、1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷(即DABCO)、N,N-二甲基氨基乙醇、N,N-二甲基环己基胺、双-(2-二甲基氨基-乙基)醚、N,N二甲基乙酰胺、辛酸锡和二月桂酸二丁基锡。
然后将所得微胶囊浆料在预定温度下固化预定时间。
根据一些实施方案,根据上述方法制备的微胶囊在例如15℃至230℃(例如,55℃至90℃、55℃至75℃和90℃至130℃)的范围内的温度下固化1分钟至10小时(例如,0.1小时至5小时、0.2小时至4小时和0.5小时至3小时)。本领域技术人员无需过度实验就可以确定固化温度、持续时间和加热速率。
为了获得具有更多浸出的活性材料的微胶囊,本发明的某些实施方案提供在低温(例如,低于100℃)下的固化。在一些实施方案中,固化温度是90℃以下。在其他实施方案中,固化温度是80℃以下。
在一个实施方案中,将胶囊在1至60分钟(例如,1至30分钟)的时间段内以0.5至2℃/分钟的线性速率(例如,1至5℃/分钟、2至8℃/分钟和2至10℃/分钟)加热至目标固化温度。可以使用以下加热方法:例如通过油传导,通过红外线的蒸汽辐射,和微波,通过加热空气的对流,蒸汽注入和本领域技术人员已知的其他方法。本文中使用的目标固化温度是指胶囊可以固化以延迟浸出的最低温度(摄氏度)。
2.活性材料
本发明的微胶囊组合物在外部亲水性溶剂中具有一种或多种活性材料。非限制性实例包括WO 2016/049456中描述的那些。这些活性成分包括香料或香精成分、掩味剂、味觉感知剂(taste sensate)、恶臭中和剂、维生素、抗菌剂、遮光剂活性成分(sunscreenactive)、抗氧化剂、抗炎剂、麻醉剂、止痛剂、抗真菌剂、抗生素、抗病毒剂、抗寄生虫剂、抗感染剂和祛痘剂、皮肤活性成分、酶和辅酶、皮肤增白剂、抗组胺剂、化疗剂和驱昆虫剂。除上面列出的活性材料以外,本发明的产品还可以含有染料、着色剂或颜料:天然获得的提取物(例如辣椒粉提取物和黑胡萝卜提取物);和铝色淀。本发明的微胶囊组合物特别适用于囊封含有一种或多种醛、胺和/或醇的香精。醛/胺/醇可以与形成微胶囊壁的材料(如多异氰酸酯、硅酸盐、丙烯酸酯等)反应。
在一些实施方案中,微胶囊组合物中的活性材料的量按组合物的重量计为0.1至95%(例如,0.5至10%、1至90%、2%至80%、4至70%和5至50%)。胶囊壁的量按胶囊的重量计为1至98%(例如,1至50%、2至20%和3至15%)。微胶囊芯的量(亲水性和疏水性芯溶剂的总和)按胶囊的重量计为10至99%(例如,20至95%、50至95%和80至95%)。
在一些微胶囊组合物中,胶囊和活性材料之间的比率为1:2至40:1(例如,1:1至30:1和1:1至20:1)。
3.辅助材料
除了活性材料之外,本发明还考虑了在由胶囊壁囊封的芯中掺入辅助材料,包括溶剂、软化剂和和改性剂材料。其他辅助材料是纳米级固体颗粒材料、聚合物芯改性剂、溶解度调节剂、密度调节剂、稳定剂、润湿剂、粘度调节剂、pH调节剂或其任意组合。这些调节剂可以在胶囊的壁或芯中存在或者在递送系统中的胶囊外部存在。优选地,它们作为芯改性剂在芯中。
一种或多种辅助材料可以按胶囊的重量计以0.01%至25%(例如,0.5%至10%)的量添加。
合适的实例包括在WO 2016/049456和US 2016/0158121中描述的那些。
4.沉积助剂
按胶囊的重量计,可以包含0.01至25%,更优选为5至20%的胶囊沉积助剂。胶囊沉积助剂可以在胶囊的制备期间添加或者其可以在已经制备胶囊之后添加。
使用这些沉积助剂以有助于胶囊至表面如织物、毛发或皮肤的沉积。这些包括阴离子、阳离子、非离子或两性水溶性聚合物。合适的沉积助剂包括聚季铵盐(polyquaternium)-4、聚季铵盐-5、聚季铵盐-6、聚季铵盐-7、聚季铵盐-10、聚季铵盐-16、聚季铵盐-22、聚季铵盐-24、聚季铵盐-28、聚季铵盐-39、聚季铵盐-44、聚季铵盐-46、聚季铵盐-47、聚季铵盐-53、聚季铵盐-55、聚季铵盐-67、聚季铵盐-68、聚季铵盐-69、聚季铵盐-73、聚季铵盐-74、聚季铵盐-77、聚季铵盐-78、聚季铵盐-79、聚季铵盐-80、聚季铵盐-81、聚季铵盐-82、聚季铵盐-86、聚季铵盐-88、聚季铵盐-101、聚乙烯胺、聚乙烯亚胺、聚乙烯胺和乙烯甲酰胺(vinylformamide)共聚物、丙烯酰胺基丙基三甲基氯化铵/丙烯酰胺共聚物、甲基丙烯酰胺基丙基三甲基氯化铵/丙烯酰胺共聚物及其组合。其他合适的沉积助剂包括在WO 2016049456第13-27页中描述的那些。US 2013/0330292、US 2013/0337023和US 2014/0017278中描述了另外的沉积助剂。
5.微胶囊递送系统制剂
可重载的微胶囊可以配制成用于消费品的胶囊递送系统(例如,微胶囊组合物)。
胶囊递送系统可以是在外部亲水性溶剂(例如,水、乙醇及其组合)中含有按胶囊递送系统的重量计0.1至80%(例如,70-75%、40-55%、50-90%、1-65%和5-45%)水平的胶囊的浆料。
在一些实施方案中,随后纯化根据本发明制备的胶囊及其浆料。参见US 2014/0017287。可以通过用水洗涤胶囊浆料直至达到中性pH来实现纯化。
6.另外的组分
微胶囊递送系统也可以含有一种或多种其他递送系统如聚合物辅助递送组合物(参见US 8,187,580)、纤维辅助递送组合物(US 2010/0305021)、环糊精主客体复合物(US6,287,603和US 2002/0019369)、前香精(WO 2000/072816和EP 0 922 084),及其任意组合。胶囊递送系统还可以含有一种或多种(例如,两种、三种、四种、五种或六种以上)不同的胶囊,包括本发明的不同胶囊和其他胶囊,如氨基塑料、水凝胶、溶胶-凝胶、聚脲/聚氨酯胶囊和三聚氰胺甲醛胶囊。可以结合的更多示例性递送系统是凝聚胶囊(参见WO 2004/022221)和环糊精递送系统(参见WO 2013/109798和US 2011/03085560)。
以上讨论的任何化合物、聚合物或试剂可以是如以上所示的化合物、聚合物或试剂本身,或者其盐、前体、水合物或溶剂化物。盐可以在阴离子和化合物、聚合物或试剂上的带正电荷基团之间形成。合适的阴离子包括氯离子、溴离子、碘离子、硫酸根、硝酸根、磷酸根、柠檬酸根、甲磺酸根、三氟乙酸根、乙酸根、苹果酸根、甲苯磺酸根、酒石酸根、富马酸根、谷氨酸根、葡糖醛酸根、乳酸根、戊二酸根和马来酸根。同样地,盐也可以在阳离子和化合物、聚合物或试剂上的带负电荷基团之间形成。合适的阳离子包括钠离子、钾离子、镁离子、钙离子和铵阳离子(例如,四甲基铵离子)。前体可以是酯和另外的合适衍生物,其在制备本发明的聚脲或聚氨酯胶囊组合物的过程期间能够转化为所述化合物、聚合物或试剂并且用于制备聚脲或聚氨酯胶囊组合物。水合物是指含有水的化合物、聚合物或试剂。溶剂化物是指在化合物、聚合物或试剂和合适溶剂之间形成的复合物。合适的溶剂可以是水、乙醇、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯、乙酸和乙醇胺。
某些化合物、聚合物和试剂具有一个或多个立体中心,其每一个可以为R或S构型或混合物。此外,一些化合物、聚合物和试剂具有一个或多个双键,其中各个双键以E(反式)或Z(顺式)构型或其组合存在。所述化合物、聚合物和试剂包括所有可能的构型立体异构体、区域异构体、非对映异构体、对映异构体和差向异构体形式以及其任意混合物。这样,本文中使用的赖氨酸包括L-赖氨酸、D-赖氨酸、L-赖氨酸单盐酸盐、D-赖氨酸单盐酸盐、赖氨酸碳酸盐等。类似地,精氨酸包括L-精氨酸、D-精氨酸、L-精氨酸单盐酸盐、D-精氨酸单盐酸盐、精氨酸碳酸盐、精氨酸一水合物等。胍包括胍盐酸盐、胍碳酸盐、胍硫氰酸盐、以及其他胍盐,包括其水合物。鸟氨酸包括L-鸟氨酸及其盐/水合物(例如,单盐酸盐)和D-鸟氨酸及其盐/水合物(例如,单盐酸盐)。
7.应用
本发明的递送系统良好适合于但不限于在以下产品中使用:
a)家居产品
i.可以利用本发明的液体或粉末衣物洗涤剂包括在美国专利号5,929,022、5,916,862、5,731,278、5,565,145、5,470,507、5,466,802、5,460,752、5,458,810、5,458,809、5,288,431、5,194,639、4,968,451、4,597,898、4,561,998、4,550,862、4,537,707、4,537,706、4,515,705、4,446,042和4,318,818中描述的那些体系。
ii.单位剂量小袋、片剂和胶囊,如在EP 1 431 382 A1、US 2013/0219996 A1、US2013/0284637 A1和US 6,492,315中描述的那些。这些单位剂量制剂可以含有高浓度的功能材料(例如,5-100%织物柔软剂或洗涤剂活性成分)、香精(例如,0.5-100%、0.5-40%和0.5-15%)和香料(例如,0.1-100%、0.1-40%和1-20%)。它们可以不含有水以将水含量限制为低至小于30%(例如,小于20%,小于10%和小于5%)。
iii.增味剂(Scent Booster)如在US 7,867,968、US 7,871,976、US 8,333,289、US 2007/0269651 A1和US2014/0107010 A1中描述的那些。
iv.织物护理产品如漂洗调理剂(含有1至30重量%的织物调理活性成分),织物液体调理剂(含有1至30重量%的织物调理活性成分),滚筒式干衣机片板(Tumble DrierSheet),织物清新剂,织物清新剂喷雾剂,熨烫液体和织物柔顺剂系统如在美国专利号6,335,315、5,674,832、5,759,990、5,877,145、5,574,179、5,562,849、5,545,350、5,545,340、5,411,671、5,403,499、5,288,417、4,767,547和4,424,134中描述的那些。
液体织物柔顺剂/清新剂含有至少一种织物柔软剂,所述织物柔软剂优选以1至30%(例如,4至20%,4至10%和8至15%)的浓度存在。活性材料和织物柔软剂之间的比率可以为1:500至1:2(例如,1:250至1:4和1:100至1:8)。作为实例,当织物柔软剂按织物柔顺剂的重量计为5%时,活性材料为0.01至2.5%、优选0.02至1.25%并且更优选0.1至0.63%。作为另一个实例,当织物柔软剂按织物柔顺剂的重量计为20%时,活性材料为0.04至10%,优选0.08至5%并且更优选0.4至2.5%。活性材料是香精、恶臭中和剂或其混合物。液体织物柔顺剂可以具有0.15至15%的胶囊(例如,0.5至10%、0.7至5%和1至3%)。当以这些水平包括胶囊时,柔顺剂中的净油当量(NOE)为0.05至5%(例如,0.15至3.2%、0.25至2%和0.3至1%)。合适的织物柔软剂包括阳离子型表面活性剂。非限制性实例有季铵化合物如烷基化季铵化合物,环或环状季铵化合物,芳族季铵化合物,二季铵化合物,烷氧基化季铵化合物,酰氨基胺季铵化合物,酯季铵化合物,及其混合物。织物柔软组合物,及其组分,一般地描述于US 2004/0204337和US 2003/0060390中。合适的柔软剂包括酯季铵盐(esterquats)如可商购得自Evonik Industries的Rewoquat WE 18和可商购得自Stepan公司的Stepantex SP-90。
v.液体碗碟洗涤剂如在美国专利号6,069,122和5,990,065中描述的那些。
vi.自动碗碟洗涤剂如在美国专利号6,020,294、6,017,871、5,968,881、5,962,386、5,939,373、5,914,307、5,902,781、5,705,464、5,703,034、5,703,030、5,679,630、5,597,936、5,581,005、5,559,261、4,515,705、5,169,552和4,714,562中描述的那些。
vii.通用清洁剂,包括桶装可稀释清洁剂和卫生间清洁剂
viii.浴厕清洁剂
ix.浴巾(Bath Tissue)
x.地毯除臭剂
xi.蜡烛
xii.房间除臭剂
xiii.地板清洁剂
xiv.消毒剂
xv.窗户清洁剂
xvi.垃圾袋/垃圾桶内衬
xvii.空气清新剂,包括房间除臭剂和车辆除臭剂、香薰蜡烛、喷雾剂、香油空气清新剂、自动喷雾空气清新剂和中和凝胶珠
xviii.水分吸收剂
xix.家用装置如纸巾和一次性擦拭巾
xx.蛾丸/诱捕剂/饼(Moth balls/traps/cakes)
b)婴儿护理产品
i.尿布疹乳膏/护臀膏
ii.婴儿爽身粉
c)婴儿护理装置
i.尿不湿
ii.围嘴
iii.擦拭巾
d)口腔护理产品。牙齿护理产品(作为用于口腔护理的根据本发明的制备物的实例)通常包括磨料体系(磨料或抛光剂),例如硅酸、碳酸钙、磷酸钙、铝氧化物和/或羟磷石灰,表面活性物质,例如月桂基硫酸酯钠和/或椰油酰胺基丙基甜菜碱,润湿剂,例如甘油和/或山梨糖醇,增稠剂,例如羧甲基纤维素、聚乙二醇、角叉菜胶和/或Laponite.RTM.,甜味剂,例如糖精,用于令人不愉快的味道感觉的味觉矫正剂,用于另外的通常不是令人不愉快的味道感觉的味觉矫正剂,味觉调节物质(例如肌醇磷酸酯,核苷酸如单磷酸鸟苷、单磷酸腺苷,或者其他物质如谷氨酸钠或2-苯氧丙酸),凉爽活性成分,例如薄荷醇衍生物(例如L-乳酸薄荷酯、L-薄荷基烷基碳酸酯、薄荷酮缩酮、薄荷烷羧酸酰胺)、2,2,2-三烷基乙酸酰胺(例如2,2-二异丙基丙酸甲基酰胺)、icilin和icilin衍生物,稳定剂和活性成分,例如氟化钠、单氟磷酸钠、二氟化锡、季铵氟化物、柠檬酸锌、硫酸锌、焦磷酸锡、二氯化锡、多种焦磷酸盐的混合物、三氯生、鲸蜡基吡啶鎓盐氯化物、乳酸铝、柠檬酸钾、硝酸钾、氯化钾、氯化锶、过氧化氢、调味品和/或碳酸氢钠或味觉矫正剂。
i.牙膏。一种示例性制剂如下:
1.磷酸钙40-55%
2.羧甲基纤维素0.8-1.2%
3.月桂基硫酸酯钠1.5-2.5%
4.甘油20-30%
5.糖精0.1-0.3%
6.香料油1.0-2.5%
7.水,足量至100%
一种用于制备该制剂的典型方法包括以下步骤:(i)通过共混机混合根据前述的制剂以提供牙膏,和(ii)添加本发明的组合物并且将所得混合物共混直至均匀。
ii.牙粉
iii.漱口水
iv.牙齿增白剂
v.义齿粘附剂
e)保健设备
i.牙线
ii.牙刷
iii.呼吸器
iv.香薰/调味避孕套
f)妇女卫生保健品如卫生棉塞、卫生巾和擦拭巾,以及护垫
g)个人护理产品:美容或药物制剂,例如,“油包水”(W/O)型乳液,“水包油”(O/W)型乳液或作为例如水包油包水(W/O/W)型的多相乳液,作为PIT乳液、皮克林乳液(Pickering emulsion)、微乳液或纳米乳液;并且特别优选的乳液是“水包油”(O/W)型或水包油包水(W/OAV)型。更具体地,
i.个人清洁剂(条皂,沐浴液和沐浴露)
ii.沐浴护理剂(In-shower conditioner)
iii.防晒和纹身护色(Sunscreen ant tattoo color protection)(喷雾剂,洗剂和棒(sticks))
iv.驱昆虫剂
v.洗手液
vi.抗炎香油、软膏和喷雾剂
vii.抗菌软膏和乳膏
viii.感知剂(Sensates)
ix.除臭剂和止汗剂,包括气溶胶和泵喷止汗剂,棒式止汗剂(stickantiperspirant),滚抹式止汗剂、乳液喷雾止汗剂、透明乳液棒式止汗剂、软固体止汗剂、乳液滚抹式止汗剂、透明乳液棒式止汗剂、不透明乳液棒式止汗剂、透明凝胶止汗剂、透明棒式除臭剂、凝胶除臭剂、喷雾除臭剂、滚抹式和乳膏除臭剂。
x.基于蜡的除臭剂。一种示例性制剂如下:
1.石蜡(Parafin Wax)10-20%
2.烃蜡5-10%
3.白矿脂10-15%
4.乙酰化的羊毛脂醇2-4%
5.己二酸二异丙酯4-8%
6.矿物油40-60%
7.防腐剂(根据需要)
该制剂通过以下制备:(i)混合上述成分,(ii)将得到的组合物加热至75℃直至熔化,(iii)在搅拌下,添加4%低温研磨的包含香精的聚合物同时保持温度为75℃,和(iv)搅拌得到的混合物以确保均匀的悬浮液同时将本发明的组合物添加至制剂。
xi.二醇/皂型除臭剂。一种示例性制剂如下:
1.丙二醇60-70%
2.硬脂酸钠5-10%
3.蒸馏水20-30%
4.2,4,4-三氯-2'-羟基二苯基醚,由Ciba-Geigy Chemical Company制造,并且商标是Ciba-Geigy Chemical Company)0.01-0.5%
将成分合并,并在搅拌下加热至75℃直到硬脂酸钠溶解。
将得到的混合物冷却至40℃,然后添加本发明的组合物。
xii.乳液,包括身体乳液、面部乳液和手部乳液
xiii.爽身粉和足粉
xiv.洗漱用品
xv.身体喷雾剂,气溶胶或非气溶胶身体喷雾剂(WO2014/014705和WO2016205023)
xvi.剃须膏和男性美容产品
xvii.浸浴用品
xviii.去角质磨砂膏
h)个人护理装置
i.面巾
ii.清洁擦拭巾
i)头发护理产品
i.洗发剂(液体和干粉)
ii.护发剂(洗去型护理剂,保留型护理剂和清洁型护理剂)
iii.染发剂
iv.头发清新剂
v.头发香料
vi.头发拉直产品
vii.头发造型产品、头发固定和定型助剂
viii.头发梳理乳膏
ix.发蜡
x.头发发泡剂、发胶、非气溶胶泵喷剂
xi.头发漂白剂、染料和着色剂
xii.烫发剂
xiii.头发擦拭巾
j)美容护理
i.精制香精-含酒精的。用于将香精胶囊掺入到含酒精的精制香精中的组合物和方法在US 4,428,869中描述。含酒精的精制香精可以含有以下:
1.乙醇(1-99%)
2.水(0-99%)
3.悬浮助剂,包括但不限于:羟丙基纤维素、乙基纤维素、二氧化硅、微晶纤维素、角叉菜胶、藻酸丙二醇酯、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠或黄原胶(0.1-1%)
4.任选地,乳化剂或软化剂可以被包括到但不限于以上列出的那些
ii.固体香料
iii.唇膏/润唇膏
iv.化妆清洁剂
v.护肤化妆品如粉底、面膜、防晒霜、润肤乳液、乳状乳液、润肤霜、软化剂、皮肤美白剂
vi.美容化妆品,包括美甲、睫毛膏、眼线膏、眼影、液体粉底、粉末粉底、唇膏和腮红
k)消费品包装如香味盒、香味塑料瓶/箱
l)宠物护理产品
i.猫砂
ii.跳蚤和蜱处理产品
iii.宠物美容产品
iv.宠物洗发剂
v.宠物玩具、招待物(treats)和咀嚼物
vi.宠物训练垫
vii.宠物笼和箱
m)糖果,优选地选自由巧克力、巧克力棒产品、其他棒形式的产品、水果胶质、硬和软的焦糖和口香糖组成的组
i.胶质
1.胶基(天然胶乳糖树树胶,大部分当前的口香糖基质目前还包括弹性体,如聚乙酸乙烯酯(PVA)、聚乙烯(低或中等分子量)、聚异丁烯(PIB)、聚丁二烯、异丁烯-异戊二烯共聚物(丁基橡胶)、聚乙烯基乙基醚(PVE)、聚乙烯基丁基醚、乙烯基酯和乙烯基醚的共聚物、苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物(苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶,SBR)或乙烯基弹性体,例如基于乙酸乙烯酯/月桂酸乙烯酯、乙酸乙烯酯/硬脂酸乙烯酯或乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯,以及所提到的弹性体的混合物,如例如在EP 0 242 325、美国专利号4,518,615号、美国专利号5,093,136、美国专利号5,266,336、美国专利号5,601,858或美国专利号6,986,709中描述的。)20-25%
2.糖粉45-50%
3.葡萄糖15-17%
4.淀粉糖浆10-13%
5.增塑剂0.1%
6.香料0.8-1.2%
上述组分根据前述制剂通过捏合机来捏合以提供口香糖。
然后添加囊封的香料或感知剂,并且混合直到均匀。
ii.口气清新剂
iii.口腔可溶条
iv.咀嚼糖
v.硬糖
n)烘烤产品,优选地选自由面包、干饼干、蛋糕和其他小甜饼组成的组;
o)休闲食品,优选地选自由烘烤或油炸的马铃薯片或马铃薯团产品、面包面团产品和基于玉米或花生的挤出物组成的组;
i.马铃薯、玉米粉圆饼、蔬菜或多谷物片
ii.爆米花
iii.椒盐脆饼
iv.膨化零食
p)谷物产品,优选地选自由早餐谷物食品、燕麦坚果棒和预烹制的成品大米产品组成的组
q)含酒精的和不含酒精的饮料,优选地选自由咖啡、茶、葡萄酒、含有葡萄酒的饮料、啤酒、含有啤酒的饮料、利口酒、烈性酒、白兰地、含有水果的苏打水、等渗饮料、软饮料、未冲淡的果汁(nectar)、水果和蔬菜汁和水果或蔬菜制备物组成的组;速溶饮料,优选地选自由速溶可可饮料、速溶茶饮料和速溶咖啡饮料组成的组
i.即饮液体饮品
ii.液体饮品浓缩物
iii.粉末状饮品
iv.咖啡:速溶卡布其诺
1.糖30-40%
2.奶粉24-35%
3.可溶性咖啡20-25%
4.乳糖1-15%
5.食品级乳化剂1-3%
6.囊封的挥发性香料0.01-0.5%
v.茶
vi.含酒精的
r)香辛料调和物和消费预制食品
i.粉末状肉汁、酱混配料
ii.调味料
iii.发酵产品
s)即热食品:即食餐和汤,优选地选自由汤粉、速溶汤、预煮汤组成的组
i.汤
ii.酱
iii.炖菜
iv.冷冻的主菜
t)乳制品奶制品,优选地选自由奶制饮料、冰牛奶、酸奶、开菲尔、奶油奶酪、软奶酪、硬奶酪、奶粉、乳清、黄油、酪乳和含有部分或完全水解的奶蛋白的产品奶味饮料组成的组
i.酸奶
ii.冰淇淋
iii.豆腐
iv.奶酪
u)大豆蛋白或其他大豆级分,优选地选自由豆奶以及由其生成的产品、含有大豆卵磷脂的制备物、发酵产品如豆腐或豆豉或由其生成的产品和酱油组成的组;
v)肉制品,优选地选自由火腿、鲜或生香肠制备物和调味或卤制的鲜肉或咸肉制品组成的组
w)蛋或蛋制品,优选地选自由全蛋粉、蛋白和蛋黄组成的组
x)基于油的产品或其乳液,优选地选自由蛋黄酱、调味酱、调料和调味品制备物组成的组
y)水果制备物,优选地选自由果酱、果汁冰糕、水果沙司和水果馅料组成的组;蔬菜制备物,优选地选自由番茄酱、沙司、干菜、深度冷冻的蔬菜、预烹制的蔬菜、在醋中的蔬菜和泡菜组成的组。
z)调味宠物食品。
以上列出的应用都是本领域中众所周知的。例如,US 6,335,315中描述了织物柔顺剂系统。液体衣物洗涤剂包括US5,929,022中描述的那些系统。US 6,069,122中描述了液体碗碟洗涤剂。可以采用本发明的洗发剂和调理剂包括US 6,162,423中描述的那些。US 6,020,294中描述了自动碗碟洗涤剂。
术语“多官能异氰酸酯(polyfunctional isocyanate)”、“多官能异氰酸酯(multifunctional isocyanate)”和“多异氰酸酯”都是指具有两个以上异氰酸酯(-NCO)基团的化合物。
术语“多官能胺(polyfunctional amine)”、“多官能胺(multifunctionalamine)”和“多胺”是指具有两个以上伯或仲胺基团的化合物。这些术语还指包含一个或多个伯/仲胺基团和一个或多个羟基(-OH)的化合物。
术语“微胶囊”和“胶囊”在本文中可互换地使用。
术语“多官能醇(polyfunctional alcohol)”“多官能醇(multifunctionalalcohol)”“多醇(poly alcohol)”和“多元醇(polyol)”是指具有两个以上羟基的化合物。
通过以下非限制性实例更详细地描述本发明。在没有进一步阐释的情况下,据信基于本文中的描述,本领域技术人员可以利用本发明至其最充分程度。本文中引用的所有出版物以其整体通过引用并入。
实施例1:Neobee油作为疏水性芯溶剂
按照下述方法制备本发明的可重载的微胶囊(即,胶囊1)。
更特别地,称量120g的NEOBEE油(Stepan,Chicago,IL;辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯的混合物)并且与9.6g的异氰酸酯单体LUPRANATE M20(巴斯夫公司,Wyandotte,MI)合并,以形成油相。在一个单独的烧杯中,通过将1.6g的MORWET D-425(Akzo Nobel,Fort Worth,TX)溶解于水中来制备1%表面活性剂溶液(160g)。然后在持续两分钟的9500rpm的剪切(ULTRATURRAX,T25 Basic,IKA WERKE)下将油相乳化到表面活性剂溶液中以形成水包油乳液。
将水包油乳液放置在圆底容器中,并且用顶置式混合器在恒定混合下加入10.8g的40%六亚甲基二胺(HMDA)水溶液(INVISTA,Wichita,KS)。通过光学显微镜立即可见胶囊的形成。在完成HMDA的添加后降低混合器速度。胶囊浆料在55℃固化三小时以获得胶囊1。该可重载的微胶囊具有(i)由聚脲形成的微胶囊壁和(ii)由疏水性芯溶剂(Neobee油)组成的微胶囊芯。
使用动态光散射(DLS)仪器测量的胶囊尺寸在5-10微米的范围内。
实施例2:柠檬酸三乙酯作为亲水性芯溶剂
按照实施例1中描述的相同方法制备本发明的胶囊2,除了使用120g的柠檬酸三乙酯(Vertellus Performance Materials Inc.Greensboro,NC)代替Neobee油以外。
胶囊2具有(i)由聚脲形成的微胶囊壁和(ii)由亲水性芯溶剂(柠檬酸三乙酯)组成的微胶囊芯。
使用DLS仪器测量的胶囊尺寸在5-10微米的范围内。
实施例3:Neobee油和柠檬酸三乙酯在芯中的混合物
按照实施例1中描述的相同方法制备本发明的胶囊3,除了使用60g的柠檬酸三乙酯和60g的Neobee油的混合物代替Neobee油以外。
胶囊3具有(i)由聚脲形成的微胶囊壁和(ii)由亲水性芯溶剂(柠檬酸三乙酯)和疏水性芯溶剂(Neobee油)组成的微胶囊芯。
使用DLS仪器测量的胶囊的平均粒度在5-10微米的范围内。
与香精共混的可重载的胶囊在气溶胶基质中的性能
为了确定胶囊1-3的消费者益处,将所制备的浆料中的这三种可重载的微胶囊各自与香精Apple(国际香料和香精公司(International Flavors and Fragrance),UnionBeach,NJ)一起加入到气溶胶基质中以获得三种微胶囊组合物,即,分别为S1-S3。每种微胶囊组合物含有4重量%的香精、12.5重量%的胶囊浆料和83.5重量%的气溶胶。表1中提供了气溶胶的组成。
通过将4%香精Apple单独与气溶胶基质混合来制备对照组合物,即比较组合物S1’。
表1
将S1-S3和S1’(1g)中的每一个喷涂到婴儿T恤上。由15名培训过的评判员按照微胶囊组成评价八件T恤。在喷涂微胶囊组合物、然后揉搓(揉搓后)T恤5次后5小时,评判员对香精强度进行评级。在0至10的评分等级上对香精强度进行评级。数值为2表明组合物产生弱的强度。值为10表明组合物产生非常强的气味。
表2中给出了感官结果。分析表明,与比较组合物S1’)中的净香精相比,可重载的胶囊组合物(S1-S3)提供了显著更大的揉搓后香精强度。
表2
样品 | 揉搓后香精强度 |
S1’(净) | 1.93 |
S1 | 3.79 |
S2 | 3.14 |
S3 | 5.07 |
实施例4:具有Neobee油和柠檬酸三乙酯的混合物的大的可重载胶囊(粒度:30微米)
按照以下方法制备第四种可重载的微胶囊(即,胶囊4)。将NEOBEE油(120g)和柠檬酸三乙酯(120g)与4.8g的异氰酸酯单体LUPRANATE M20合并以形成油相。在一个单独的烧杯中,通过将1.6g的Mowiol 3-85(一种部分水解的聚乙烯醇(Kuraray,Houston,TX))溶解于水中来制备0.5%表面活性剂溶液(319.2g)。然后在持续三分钟的3000rpm的剪切(ULTRATURRAX,T25 Basic,IKA WERKE)下将油相乳化到表面活性剂溶液中以形成水包油乳液。
将水包油乳液放置在圆底容器中,并且用顶置式混合器在恒定混合下加入36g的6%HMDA水溶液。通过光学显微镜立即可见胶囊的形成。在完成HMDA的添加后降低混合器速度。胶囊浆料在55℃固化三小时以获得胶囊4。
使用DLS仪器测量的胶囊的平均粒度为30微米。
实施例5-8:具有不同芯溶剂的大的(30微米)的可重载胶囊
按照实施例4中描述的相同方法制备本发明的胶囊5-8,除了使用不同的芯溶剂以外。
使用60g的三乙酸甘油酯和180g的NEOBEE油制备胶囊5。
使用60g的三乙酸甘油酯和180g的肉豆蔻酸异丙酯制备胶囊6。
使用60g的柠檬酸三乙酯和180g的肉豆蔻酸异丙酯制备胶囊7。
使用60g的柠檬酸三乙酯和180g的NEOBEE油制备胶囊8。
使用DLS仪器测量的胶囊5-8中的每一个的平均粒度为30微米。
下表3中示出了芯溶剂的汉森溶解度参数。
表3.汉森溶解度参数
在一些实施方案中,亲水性芯溶剂的水溶解度在0.02至300g/L(例如,0.1至200g/L和1至100g/L)的范围内,并且加权汉森溶解度参数为18以上。在其他实施方案中,亲水性芯溶剂的汉森极化率(dP)为4以上,并且汉森氢键合值(dH)为5以上。在其他实施方案中,疏水性芯溶剂的加权汉森溶解度参数为18以下,汉森极化率(dP)为4以下,并且汉森氢键合值(dH)为5以下。用于制备胶囊1-8的芯溶剂落入上述范围内。
实施例9-12:大的可重载胶囊在醇基身体喷雾剂基质中的性能
为了确定可重载的微胶囊的消费者益处,将胶囊4-7各自与香精Apple混合,然后加入到醇基身体喷雾剂基质(95重量%乙醇/5重量%水)中以获得四种微胶囊组合物,即,分别为S4-S7。每种微胶囊组合物含有1.5重量%的香精、4.7重量%的胶囊浆料和93.8重量%的醇基身体喷雾剂基质。
通过将1.5%香精Apple单独与醇基身体喷雾剂基质混合来制备对照组合物,即比较组合物S2’。
将S4-S7和S2’(0.5g)中的每一个喷涂到莱卡衣物上。使衣物干燥24小时。在揉搓衣物前(揉搓前)和在揉搓衣物5次后(揉搓后),都由7名评判员的小组评价样品并且对香精强度进行评级。在0至10的评分等级上对香精强度进行评级。数值为2表明组合物产生弱的强度。值为10表明组合物产生非常强的气味。
表4中给出了感官结果。分析表明,与比较组合物S2’)中的净香精相比,可重载的胶囊组合物(S4-S7)提供了显著更大的揉搓前和揉搓后香精强度。
表4
实施例13:大的可重载胶囊在气溶胶基质中的性能
将胶囊4的浆料与香精Apple混合,然后加入到气溶胶基质中以获得微胶囊组合物S8。下表5示出了S8的组分。
通过将1.5%香精Apple单独与气溶胶基质混合来制备对照组合物,即比较组合物S3’。
将S8和S3’(1g)中的每一个喷涂到小组成员的前臂上。5小时后,指示小组成员短暂揉搓前臂并且在0至100的评分等级上对香精强度(揉搓后)进行评级。数值为6表明组合物产生弱的强度。值为17表明组合物产生非常强的气味。值为55指示非常强的气味。
表6中示出了感官结果。分析表明,与比较组合物S3’)中的净香精相比,可重载的胶囊组合物S8提供了显著更大的揉搓后香精强度。
表5
表6
样品 | 揉搓后强度 |
S3’ | 8.68 |
S8 | 13.86 |
实施例14:在醇基身体喷雾剂基质中的性能
以下评价显示了使用可重载的胶囊递送醛香精成分的益处。已知醛与形成微胶囊壁的材料如多异氰酸酯和多胺反应。使用聚脲化学法囊封醛或醇是非常具有挑战性的。以下实施例提供了使用可重载的微胶囊递送含醛香精的有效方法。
将胶囊4的浆料与含有醛的研究香精(即,香精D)混合,然后共混到气溶胶基质中以获得微胶囊组合物S9,其含有1.5%的香精、4.7%的胶囊4和93.8%的醇基身体喷雾剂基质(95%乙醇/5%水)。为了比较,使用在醇基身体喷雾剂基质中1.5%的单独香精D来制备比较组合物S4’。
将S9和S4’(0.5g)中的每一个喷涂到一件莱卡衣物上。使这件衣物干燥24小时。在揉搓衣物前(揉搓前)和在揉搓衣物5次后(揉搓后),都由9名评判员的小组评价样品并且对香精强度进行评级。在0至10的评分等级上对香精强度进行评级。数值为2表明组合物产生弱的强度。值为10表明组合物产生非常强的气味。
表7中给出了感官结果。分析表明,与比较组合物S4’)中的净香精相比,可重载的胶囊组合物S9成功地递送了含醛香精,并且提供了显著更大的揉搓前和揉搓后香精强度。
表7.
样品 | 揉搓前强度 | 揉搓后强度 |
S4’ | 3.06 | 4.06 |
S9 | 3.67 | 5.33 |
实施例15:香精和亲水性芯溶剂的扩散
当将可重载的微胶囊胶囊4与香精混合时,亲水性芯溶剂(即,柠檬酸三乙酯)可以从可重载的微胶囊中扩散出来,并且香精可以扩散到微胶囊中。
为了确定扩散通过微胶囊壁的亲水性芯溶剂和香精的量,通过混合以下组分制备两种微胶囊组合物S10和S11:
S10:1.5%模型香精A、4.7%胶囊4浆料和93.8%醇基身体喷雾剂基质(95%乙醇/5%水);和
S11:1.5%模型香精B、4.7%胶囊4浆料和93.8%醇基身体喷雾剂基质(95%乙醇/5%水)。
使两种微胶囊组合物在室温静置5天以达到平衡。对于S10和S11中的每一个,使用1微米玻璃微纤维注射器过滤器(Whatman)将胶囊从基质中滤出。收集滤液并且使用气相色谱法(GC)进行分析。扩散的香精的%计算为(初始香精重量%-滤液中香精的重量%)/初始香精重量%x 100%。扩散的柠檬酸三乙酯的%计算为(柠檬酸三乙酯的初始量–滤液中柠檬酸三乙酯的量)/柠檬酸三乙酯的初始量x 100%。作为对照还分析了上述S2’(数据未在表8中示出)。下表8提供了扩散实验的结果。
表8
实施例16:三聚氰胺-甲醛可重载微胶囊
按照美国专利号7,119,057的实施例2中描述的方法制备三聚氰胺-甲醛可重载微胶囊(即,胶囊9)。还参见美国专利号7,196,049。
简言之,首先将丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸的共聚物与甲基化三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂一起分散在水中以获得聚合物溶液。然后在高速剪切下将Neobee油/柠檬酸三乙酯油的混合物加入到溶液中,以形成小液滴。通过增加溶液pH使聚合物聚合、然后将溶液加热至50至125℃,影响聚合物膜在油滴上作为胶囊壁的固化。
在浆料中由此制备的三聚氰胺-甲醛可重载微胶囊在微胶囊芯中含有按重量计30%柠檬酸三乙酯和70%Neobee油的混合物。不含活性材料的微胶囊芯占微胶囊浆料的32重量%。可以使用不同的柠檬酸三乙酯/Neobee油重量比,例如,在20/80至50/50的范围内。
实施例17:聚脲可重载微胶囊
按照以下方法制备聚脲可重载微胶囊(即,胶囊10)。还参见US8,299,011B2,实施例1。
步骤1.水包油溶液的制备。称量一百二十克的Neobee/柠檬酸三乙酯油混合物并且与9.6g的异氰酸酯单体LupranateTMM20(巴斯夫公司,Wyandotte,Mich.,USA)合并,以形成油相。在一个单独的烧杯中,通过将4.8g的Mowet D-425(Akzo Nobel,Fort Worth,Tex.,USA)溶解于水中来制备3%表面活性剂溶液(160g)。然后在持续两分钟的6500rpm的剪切(Ultra Turrax.RTM.,T25 Basic,IKATM,WERKE)下将油相乳化到水相中以形成水包油乳液。
步骤2.香精胶囊的形成。将水包油乳液放置在圆底容器中,并且用顶置式混合器在恒定混合下向其加入10.8g的40%六亚甲基二胺(HMDA)(INVISTA,Wichita,Kans.,USA)。通过光学显微镜立即可见胶囊的形成。在完成HMDA的添加后降低混合器速度。将胶囊浆料在室温固化三小时。
由此制备的胶囊10具有(i)聚脲微胶囊壁和(ii)由柠檬酸三乙酯(作为亲水性芯溶剂)和Neobee油(作为疏水性芯溶剂)组成的微胶囊芯。柠檬酸三乙酯和Neobee油之间的重量比为30:70。
实施例18-21:液体洗涤剂中的性能
为了确定胶囊9和10的性能,通过将以上实施例中获得的两种胶囊浆料中的每一个与研究香精(即,香精E)和液体洗涤剂基质(即,未加香精的Liquid Tide,可从宝洁公司(Procter&Gamble Company),Cincinnati,Ohio商购获得)混合来制备如下四种微胶囊组合物(即,S12-15):
S12:0.5%香精E、9.5%胶囊9浆料和90%Liquid Tide;
S13:0.5%香精E、9.5%胶囊9浆料(基于固体,含有2%聚季铵盐-47(MerquatTM2001,Lubrizol Corporation,Wickliffe,Ohio))和90%Liquid Tide;
S14:0.5%香精E、9.5%胶囊10浆料和90%Liquid Tide;和
S15:0.5%香精E、9.5%胶囊10浆料(基于固体,含有1%聚季铵盐-6(Merquat100,Lubrizol)和1.5%聚乙烯胺(Lupamin 9095,巴斯夫))和90%Liquid Tide。
将以上组合物在45℃老化4周。
通过将0.5%香精E单独与Liquid Tide混合来制备对照组合物,即比较组合物S5’。
通过使用US洗衣机进行洗衣实验来评价S12-15和S5’(1g)中的每一个。在清洗中给予40克的样品。清洗毛巾织物,然后空气干燥16小时,然后由12名评判员的小组评价。在0至50的LMS评分等级上对香精强度进行评级。数值为5表明织物仅产生非常弱的强度,而值为30表明受试对象产生强的气味,并且值为50表明非常强的气味。表9中示出了感官结果。
分析表明,与比较组合物S5’中的净香精相比,可重载的胶囊组合物S12-15提供了显著更大的揉搓后香精强度。
表9
样品 | 揉搓后香精强度 |
S5’ | 4.1 |
S12 | 6.9 |
S13 | 8.4 |
S14 | 5.0 |
S15 | 6.4 |
实施例22-25:织物柔顺剂中的性能
为了确定胶囊9和10在织物柔顺剂中的性能,通过将以上实施例中制备的胶囊浆料中的每一个与研究香精(即,香精F)和液体织物柔顺剂基质(即,未加香精的Downy,可从宝洁公司,Cincinnati,Ohio商购获得)混合来制备如下四种微胶囊组合物(即,S16-19):
S16:0.5%香精F、9.5%胶囊9浆料和90%Downy;
S17:0.5%香精F、9.5%胶囊9浆料(基于固体,含有2%聚季铵盐-47(MerquatTM2001,可从Lubrizol Corporation,Wickliffe,Ohio商购获得))和90%Downy;
S18:0.5%香精F、9.5%胶囊10浆料和90%Downy;和
S19:0.5%香精F、9.5%胶囊10浆料(基于固体,含有1%聚季铵盐-6(Merquat100,来自Lubrizol)和1.5%聚乙烯胺(Lupamin 9095,来自巴斯夫))和90%Downy。
将以上组合物在45℃老化4周。
通过将0.5%香精F单独与Downy混合来制备对照组合物,即比较组合物S6’。
通过在US洗衣机中使用US清洗方案进行洗衣实验来评价S12-15和S5’(1g)中的每一个。在使用未加香精的Liquid Tide清洗毛巾织物后,在漂洗阶段加入35克的各个织物柔顺剂(即,S16-19中的每一个)。将毛巾织物空气干燥16小时,然后由12名评判员的小组评价。通过0至50的LMS评分等级对香精强度进行评级。数值为5表明织物仅产生非常弱的强度,而值为30表明受试者产生强的气味,并且值为50表明非常强的气味。表10中示出了感官结果。
表10
样品 | 揉搓后香精强度 |
S6’ | 3.8 |
S16 | 7.2 |
S17 | 8.3 |
S18 | 5.9 |
S19 | 5.8 |
分析表明,与比较组合物S6’)中的净香精相比,可重载的胶囊组合物S16-19提供了显著更大的揉搓后香精强度。
实施例26-27:聚脲可重载微胶囊-负载乙醇的
为了确定负载乙醇的胶囊的益处,将胶囊4以如下比率与乙醇和香精两者混合,产生新的胶囊浆料(胶囊11和12),并且在织物柔顺剂和身体乳液应用中使用前使其平衡2天。通过将30g的胶囊4与30g的乙醇和4.8g的香精Apple混合并且在应用中使用前使混合物静置2天,制备负载乙醇的胶囊11。通过将6.25g的胶囊4与2g的乙醇和2.75g的香精Apple混合并且在应用中使用前使混合物静置2天,制备胶囊12。
实施例28-29:负载乙醇的聚脲可重载微胶囊在身体乳液中的性能
为了确定胶囊11的性能,通过将胶囊11浆料混合到身体乳液基质(即,未加香精的Lubriderm,可从Johnson&Johnson Consumer Products Company,Skillman,New Jersey商购获得)中制备两种微胶囊组合物(即,S20-21)。(i)S20(未负载的):2%香精Apple、12.5%胶囊4浆料和85.5%Lubriderm身体乳液,(ii)S21(负载乙醇的):12.5%胶囊4浆料、12.5%乙醇和73%Lubriderm身体乳液。将以上组合物在室温老化3天。
通过将2%Apple香精单独与98%Lubriderm身体乳液混合来制备对照组合物,即比较组合物S6’。
将S20-21和S6’(0.35g)中的每一个施加到吸墨纸上,并且在24后由8名评判员的小组评价揉搓后香精强度。通过0至10的评分等级上对香精强度进行评级。数值为2表明吸墨纸仅产生非常弱的强度,而值为5表明受试者产生稍强的气味,并且值为8表明非常强的气味。表11中示出了感官结果。
表11
样品 | 揉搓后香精强度 |
S6’ | 4.87 |
S20 | 6.56 |
S21 | 7.9 |
分析表明,与净香精(比较组合物S6’)或不具有乙醇负载的胶囊(比较组合物S20’)相比,负载乙醇的可重载胶囊组合物S21提供了显著更大的揉搓后香精强度。
实施例30-32:负载乙醇的聚脲可重载微胶囊在织物柔顺剂中的性能
为了确定胶囊12在织物柔顺剂中的性能,如下通过将以上实施例中制备的胶囊浆料中的每一个与Apple香精和液体织物柔顺剂基质(即,未加香精的Downy,可从宝洁公司,Cincinnati,Ohio商购获得)混合来制备两种微胶囊组合物(即,S22-23):
S22:0.423%香精Apple、1.5%胶囊4浆料和98.07%Downy;和
S23:4.1%胶囊12浆料和95.9%Downy。
将以上组合物在37℃老化4周。
通过将0.423%香精Apple单独与Downy混合来制备对照组合物,即比较组合物S6’。
通过在US洗衣机中使用US清洗方案进行洗衣实验来评价S22-23和S6’(40g)中的每一个。在使用未加香精的Liquid Tide清洗毛巾织物后,在漂洗阶段加入40克的各个织物柔顺剂(即,S22-23和S6’中的每一个)。然后将毛巾织物放置在75°F的干燥箱中达4小时,然后由7名评判员的小组评价。通过0至10的评分等级上对香精强度进行评级。数值为2表明织物仅产生非常弱的强度,而值为5表明受试者产生稍强的气味,并且值为8表明非常强的气味。表12中示出了感官结果。
表12
分析表明,与净香精(比较组合物S6’)或不具有乙醇负载的胶囊(比较组合物S22’)相比,可重载胶囊组合物S23提供了显著更大的揉搓后香精强度。
实施例33:身体喷雾
使用粘性稳定的水醇基质制备稳定的胶囊悬浮液,即S24。具体而言,在搅拌下将0.25g的Ultrez 20(丙烯酸酯/丙烯酸C10-C30烷基酯交联聚合物,Lubrizol)缓慢加入到20.75g水中,然后加入70g的SD醇40(变性醇),以获得Ultra20水醇溶液。随后,加入胶囊4的浆液(5g)并且混合至均匀,然后向其加入4g的模型香精C。用AMP-Ultra PC 2000(95%氨甲基丙醇(AMP)–Angus Chemical Company)将所得混合物的粘度调节至粘度为350-500cP。使用具有#4转子的Brookfield,以60RPM的电动机转速测量粘度。除了不加入胶囊浆料以外,类似地制备对照组合物(即,比较组合物S24’)。下表13和14分别显示了S24和S24’的组分。
将S24和S24’(0.35g)中的每一个喷涂到小组成员的前臂上。5小时后,指示小组成员短暂揉搓前臂并且在0至100的评分等级上对香精强度进行评级。数值为6表明组合物产生弱的强度。值为17表明非常强的气味。值为55指示非常强的气味。
S24具有10.4的揉搓后强度。比较组合物S24’具有6.9的揉搓后强度。
表13:S24
表14:S24’
其他实施方案
本说明书中公开的所有特征都可以以任意组合合并。本说明书中公开的每个特征都可以被用作相同、等同或相似目的的备选特征替换。因此,除非另外明确说明,公开的每个特征都仅是等同或相似特征的通用系列的实例。
实际上,为了达到制备可重载微胶囊和含有可重载微胶囊的组合物的目的,本领域技术人员可以选择不同的形成壁的材料/囊封聚合物、亲水性芯溶剂、疏水性芯溶剂、外部亲水性溶剂、活性材料和/或胶囊形成助剂/催化剂,改变这些形成壁的材料和/或催化剂的浓度,以实现消费品中所需的壁厚度/扩散速率/感官或释放特性。此外,它们的形成壁的材料、胶囊形成助剂、辅剂、芯改性剂、活性材料和催化剂之间的比率也可以由技术人员在无需过度实验情况下确定。
根据以上描述,技术人员可以容易地确定本发明的必要特征,并且在不脱离其实质和范围的情况下,可以对本发明进行多种变化和改变以使其适合于多种使用和条件。因此,其他实施方案也在权利要求内。
Claims (15)
1.一种微胶囊,所述微胶囊包含微胶囊芯和囊封所述微胶囊芯的微胶囊壁,
其中
所述微胶囊芯含有疏水性芯溶剂和亲水性芯溶剂,并且
由囊封聚合物形成的所述微胶囊壁对于所述亲水性芯溶剂是可渗透的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的微胶囊,其中所述微胶囊芯不含活性材料;所述亲水性芯溶剂的水溶解度为1至100g/L,加权汉森溶解度参数为18以上,汉森极化率为4以上,并且汉森氢键合值为5以上;并且所述疏水性芯溶剂的加权汉森溶解度参数为18以下,汉森极化率为4以下,并且汉森氢键合值为5以下。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的微胶囊,其中所述微胶囊具有直径为0.1至1000μm的尺寸,所述疏水性芯溶剂和所述亲水性芯溶剂之间的重量比为1:9至9:1,并且所述微胶囊芯和所述微胶囊壁之间的重量比为50:1至1:1。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的微胶囊,其中所述亲水性芯溶剂是柠檬酸三乙酯、三乙酸甘油酯、乙酸苄酯、乙酸乙酯、丙二醇、二丙二醇、二醇醚或其组合;并且所述疏水性芯溶剂是肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、C5-C50甘油三酯、D-柠檬烯、硅油、矿物油或其组合。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的微胶囊,其中所述囊封聚合物是聚丙烯酸酯、聚脲、聚氨酯、聚丙烯酰胺、聚酯、聚醚、聚酰胺、聚(丙烯酸酯-共-丙烯酰胺)、淀粉、二氧化硅、明胶和阿拉伯树胶、藻酸盐、壳聚糖、聚丙交酯、聚(三聚氰胺-甲醛)、聚(脲-甲醛)或其组合。
6.一种微胶囊组合物,所述微胶囊组合物包含权利要求1-5中任一项所述的微胶囊和具有外部亲水性溶剂和活性物质的连续相,其中所述微胶囊壁对于所述活性物质是可渗透的,所述微胶囊芯和所述活性物质之间的比率为1:99至99:1,并且所述活性材料选自由以下组成的组:香精、前香精、香料、恶臭中和剂、维生素或其衍生物、抗炎剂、杀真菌剂、麻醉剂、止痛剂、抗微生物活性成分、抗病毒剂、抗感染剂、祛痘剂、皮肤光亮剂、驱昆虫剂、兽用驱避剂、驱寄生虫剂、软化剂、皮肤保湿剂、皱纹控制剂、UV防护剂、织物柔顺剂活性成分、硬表面清洁活性成分、皮肤或头发调理剂、阻燃剂、抗静电剂、味道调节剂、细胞、益生菌及其组合。
7.根据权利要求6所述的微胶囊组合物,其中所述外部亲水性溶剂是水、乙醇、丙醇、二丙二醇、丙二醇、甘油、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯或其组合。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的微胶囊组合物,其中所述活性材料是加权汉森溶解度参数为15至20、汉森极化率为5以下并且汉森氢键合值为10以下的香精。
9.根据权利要求6-8中任一项所述的微胶囊组合物,其中所述香精含有两种以上香精成分,50重量%以上的香精成分具有100ppm以下的水溶解度,50重量%以下的香精成分具有100μg/L以下的蒸气浓度,并且30重量%以下的香精成分具有3以下的CLogP。
10.根据权利要求6-9中任一项所述的微胶囊组合物,其中所述香精和所述亲水性芯溶剂之间的溶解度参数的欧几里德差异小于所述香精和所述疏水性芯溶剂之间的欧几里德差异。
11.根据权利要求6-10中任一项所述的微胶囊组合物,其中所述香精和所述疏水性芯溶剂之间的溶解度参数的欧几里德差异小于5。
12.根据权利要求6-11中任一项所述的微胶囊组合物,所述微胶囊组合物还包含沉积助剂,所述沉积助剂选自由以下组成的组:聚季铵盐-4、聚季铵盐-5、聚季铵盐-6、聚季铵盐-7、聚季铵盐-10、聚季铵盐-16、聚季铵盐-22、聚季铵盐-24、聚季铵盐-28、聚季铵盐-39、聚季铵盐-44、聚季铵盐-46、聚季铵盐-47、聚季铵盐-53、聚季铵盐-55、聚季铵盐-67、聚季铵盐-68、聚季铵盐-69、聚季铵盐-73、聚季铵盐-74、聚季铵盐-77、聚季铵盐-78、聚季铵盐-79、聚季铵盐-80、聚季铵盐-81、聚季铵盐-82、聚季铵盐-86、聚季铵盐-88、聚季铵盐-101、聚乙烯胺、聚乙烯亚胺、聚乙烯胺和乙烯甲酰胺共聚物及其组合。
13.一种制备权利要求6-12中任一项所述的微胶囊组合物的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(a)提供具有微胶囊芯和囊封所述微胶囊芯的微胶囊壁的微胶囊,其中所述微胶囊芯含有疏水性芯溶剂和亲水性芯溶剂,并且所述微胶囊壁由囊封聚合物形成并且对于所述亲水性芯溶剂是可渗透的;
(b)提供具有外部亲水性溶剂和活性材料的连续相;
(c)混合所述微胶囊和所述连续相以获得微胶囊分散体;并且
(d)使所述微胶囊分散体老化以获得所述微胶囊组合物。
14.一种消费品,所述消费品包含权利要求6-12中任一项所述的微胶囊组合物,其中所述消费品选自由以下组成的组:洗发剂、护发剂、染发剂、头发清新剂、头发固定或定型助剂、头发漂白剂、头发染料或着色剂、肥皂、沐浴液、非气溶胶身体喷雾剂、化妆品制备物、通用清洁剂、浴厕清洁剂、地板清洁剂、窗户清洁剂、浴巾、纸巾、一次性擦拭巾、尿布疹乳膏或护臀膏、婴儿爽身粉、尿不湿、围嘴、婴儿擦拭巾、口腔护理产品、牙膏、漱口水、牙齿增白剂、义齿粘附剂、口香糖、口气清新剂、口腔可溶条、咀嚼糖、硬糖、洗手液、抗炎香油、抗炎软膏、抗炎喷雾剂、保健设备、牙线、牙刷、卫生棉塞、卫生巾、个人护理产品、防晒露、防晒喷雾剂、基于蜡的除臭剂、二醇型除臭剂、皂型除臭剂、面部乳液、身体乳液、手部乳液、爽身粉、剃须膏、浸浴用品、去角质磨砂膏、足霜、面巾、清洁擦拭巾、织物护理产品、织物柔顺剂、织物清新剂、熨烫水、液体衣物洗涤剂、液体碗碟洗涤剂、自动碗碟洗涤剂、单位剂量片剂或胶囊、增味剂、干衣机片板、精制香精、固体香料、粉末粉底、液体粉底、眼影、唇膏或润唇膏、淡香水产品、除臭剂、地毯除臭剂、蜡烛、房间除臭剂、消毒剂、止汗剂、滚抹式产品和气溶胶产品。
15.根据权利要求14所述的消费品,其中所述消费品是含有0.01至50%的权利要求6-12中任一项所述的微胶囊组合物的气溶胶产品。
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US201662331230P | 2016-05-03 | 2016-05-03 | |
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PCT/US2017/030729 WO2017192648A1 (en) | 2016-05-03 | 2017-05-03 | Reloadable microcapsules |
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EP3452004A1 (en) | 2019-03-13 |
BR112018072391A2 (pt) | 2019-02-19 |
US20190159979A1 (en) | 2019-05-30 |
WO2017192648A1 (en) | 2017-11-09 |
US20230051314A1 (en) | 2023-02-16 |
US20180064615A1 (en) | 2018-03-08 |
EP3452004A4 (en) | 2020-01-22 |
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US11491089B2 (en) | 2022-11-08 |
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