Side unloading device of loader
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering machinery, in particular to a side unloading device of a loader.
Background
The loader is used as main function equipment for development and construction of civil construction, coal mine, iron ore and the like, and has a self-evident function that different accessory link mechanisms are equipped to meet special function requirements. The side dumping device is used for loading and unloading materials, wherein the loader can only move back and forth due to the narrow operation space under the working conditions of coal mining, tunnel construction and the like, and the side dumping device is used for transporting materials in order to finish the operation of shoveling, loading and unloading. The side dumping used in the current market is realized by turning the bucket back and forth and turning the bucket left and right through a hinge structure. The structural outline is shown in figures 1-2. When the existing side dumping device is used for shoveling, taking right dumping as an example, a left dumping hinge (a bucket and a bracket) is overlapped; the right dump hinges (bucket and bracket) are overlapped and connected through a pin shaft.
The bucket 1 shovels materials and then receives the bucket, the pull rod pulls the bracket 2 through the pull rod hinged support 6, so that the bucket rotates around the movable arm hinged support 5, and the bucket receiving action is completed. In this process the carriage transmits torque to the bucket through the right dump hinge support 4. After the heavy object is lifted to the unloading height, the bucket rotates around the right unloading hinged support to finish unloading. In fig. 2, a represents the plane of the center of mass of the bucket (which is also the ideal plane for the moment transmitted by the link mechanism), and B represents the plane of the point of action of the combined forces (material reaction and bucket gravity) when the bucket is dumping. In actual work, the comprehensive acting force acting point cannot be located at the position B, and in an extreme case, the comprehensive acting force acting point is located on the left side of the surface A. The stress condition on the comprehensive acting force horizontal plane relative to the pin shaft 7 during the bucket collection analysis is shown in figure 3. F is the combined acting force, F1 is the bucket left and right direction component force, and F2 is the bucket front and back component force. Therefore, the two directions of the pin roll are both subjected to bending moment (shearing force), and the bending moment is continuously changed along with the change of the comprehensive action point in work.
Because the ideal plane A and the ideal plane B for transmitting the moment in the link mechanism are not overlapped, the moment transmission efficiency when the driving device drives the loader to unload right is low. And because A surface and B surface are not coincident, the stress situation at the hinge joint of right unloading and left unloading is complex, and the hinge joint is easy to break. If the right unloading hinge joint is plastically deformed, the left unloading hinge joint of the bucket and the left unloading hinge joint of the bracket are staggered, so that the bucket cannot return. The bucket rotates about the right dump hinge with the right edge of the bucket closer to the a plane so that the dump distance is no greater than the original bucket edge.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the side unloading device of the loader, which can improve the torque transmission efficiency during side unloading; repeated stress fracture at the hinge joint of the pin shaft is avoided.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme that the loader side unloading device comprises a bucket and a bracket, wherein an arc-shaped sliding part is installed at the bottom end of the bucket, an arc-shaped guide rail matched with the arc-shaped sliding part is arranged on the bracket, and the bucket slides along one side of the arc-shaped guide rail under the driving of the arc-shaped sliding part; the middle part of the bracket is fixedly provided with a pull rod hinged support, the pull rod hinged support is fixedly connected with an oil cylinder support, the oil cylinder support is rotatably connected with the end part of a hydraulic cylinder, a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged with the bucket, and the extension and retraction of the piston rod in the hydraulic cylinder provides power for the sliding of the bucket.
Further, the arc sliding part comprises two arc plates fixedly connected with the bucket, an arc sliding head is arranged on one side, opposite to the two arc plates, of the arc guide rail, sliding grooves are formed in two end faces, deviating from the arc guide rail, and the arc sliding heads are arranged in the sliding grooves respectively.
Furthermore, the arc-shaped guide rail comprises two guide rails which are arranged in parallel, the middle parts of the two guide rails are fixedly connected through a pull rod hinged support, a movable arm hinged support is fixedly arranged between the two guide rails, and the movable arm hinged support is symmetrically arranged relative to the pull rod hinged support.
Furthermore, the pull rod hinged support is hinged with a pull rod of the loader, and the movable arm hinged support is hinged with a movable arm of the loader respectively.
Further, the arc surface outside the bucket is fixedly connected with the arc plate through a connecting plate.
Further, a piston rod support is arranged on the outer side face of the bucket and is hinged with a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder.
Further, the oil cylinder support comprises two support plates which are arranged in parallel, pin holes are formed in one ends of the two support plates, and the two support plates are hinged with the hydraulic cylinder through the pin holes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the bucket adopts the arc-shaped sliding part and the arc-shaped guide rail to be matched to replace a mode of hinging the pin shaft, the dead weight of the bucket and the gravity of materials are shared by the whole arc-shaped guide rail and the arc-shaped sliding part, the effective contact area is larger, the unit pressure intensity is small in torque transmission, and the defect that the pin shaft is easy to deform and break due to repeated stress when a single pin shaft is adopted can be avoided.
2) The ideal torque transfer plane A (namely the equivalent substitution plane of the bucket and the material gravity) of the arc-shaped sliding part and the arc-shaped guide rail is superposed with the actual torque transfer plane B (the actual stressed equivalent plane of the actual arc-shaped guide rail), so that the torque transfer efficiency is higher.
3) When the unloading rotates, the edge of the bucket tends to move outwards, the unloading distance is effectively increased, and the unloading of materials can be effectively finished when the muck truck and the loader keep a certain distance.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a side dumping device of a loader in the prior art for side dumping;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a prior art loader side discharge device without side discharge;
FIG. 3 is a force analysis plot of the combined force levels against the pin in a prior art loader side stripper;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the loader side dumping structure of the present invention without side dumping;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the side dumping structure of the loader of the present invention in its entirety;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of the bracket according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a bucket and an arc plate according to the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a bucket; 2. a bracket; 3. a left hinge-detaching support; 3A, reaming; 4. a right hinge-detaching support; 5. a movable arm hinged support; 6. a pull rod hinged support; 7. a pin shaft; 8. a hydraulic cylinder; 8A, a piston rod support; 9. an oil cylinder support; 10. an arc-shaped plate; 11. a chute; 12. an arc-shaped slider; 13. a connecting plate.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In a typical embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3 to 7, a loader side unloading device includes a bucket 1 and a bracket 2, an arc-shaped sliding portion is installed at a bottom end of the bucket 1, an arc-shaped guide rail used in cooperation with the arc-shaped sliding portion is provided on the bracket 2, and the bucket 1 is driven by the arc-shaped sliding portion to slide along one side of the arc-shaped guide rail; the middle part of bracket 2 is fixed and is equipped with pull rod hinge support 6, pull rod hinge support 6 and hydro-cylinder support 9 fixed connection, and hydro-cylinder support 9 rotates with the tip of pneumatic cylinder 8 to be connected (the pneumatic cylinder 8 tip here refers to the one end of keeping away from the piston rod in the pneumatic cylinder 8), the piston rod top of pneumatic cylinder 8 is articulated with scraper bowl 1, the flexible slip that provides power for scraper bowl 1 of piston rod among the pneumatic cylinder 8.
Preferably, the arc sliding part includes two arc plates 10 fixedly connected with the bucket 1, one side that two arc plates 10 are relative is equipped with arc sliding head 12, the both ends face that the arc guide rail deviates from mutually is equipped with spout 11 respectively, arc sliding head 12 sets up respectively in spout 11.
Preferably, the arc-shaped guide rail comprises two guide rails which are arranged in parallel, the middle parts of the two guide rails are fixedly connected through a pull rod hinged support 6, a movable arm hinged support 5 is further fixedly arranged between the two guide rails, and the movable arm hinged support 5 is symmetrically arranged relative to the pull rod hinged support 6.
Preferably, the pull rod hinged support 6 is hinged to a loader pull rod, and the movable arm hinged support 5 is hinged to a loader movable arm respectively.
Preferably, the curved surface of the outer side of the bucket 1 is fixedly connected to the curved plate 10 by means of a connecting plate 13.
Preferably, a piston rod support is arranged on the outer side surface of the bucket 1, and the piston rod support is hinged with a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 8.
Preferably, the oil cylinder support 9 comprises two support plates arranged in parallel, pin holes are formed in one ends of the two support plates, and the two support plates are hinged to the hydraulic cylinder 8 through the pin holes.
For realizing that scraper bowl 1 slides along one side of arc guide rail on bracket 2 in this application, need arrange hydraulic cylinder 8, hydro-cylinder support 9's position specially, hydro-cylinder support 9 is perpendicular with bracket 2's symmetry plane promptly, and the one end of installing pneumatic cylinder 8 on the hydro-cylinder support 9 is for keeping away from the one end of side direction, and piston rod support 8A is located scraper bowl 1 middle part position. Only with this arrangement, when the piston rod of hydraulic cylinder 8 is extended, bucket 1 slides in the lateral unloading direction, and when the piston rod is retracted, bucket 1 is reset.
The working principle is as follows: when the device is used for side unloading operation of a loader, one end of the pull rod is connected with hydraulic telescopic equipment on the loader, and the bucket 1 rotates around the movable arm hinged support 5 through the forward and backward movement of the pull rod; namely, the loader bucket 1 is turned over in the front-back direction by the pull rod, and the materials are shoveled and transported by turning over the loader bucket 1 in the front-back direction.
Then, the bucket 1 and the materials are lifted to the highest position of the spatial position through a movable arm of the loader, and a muck truck and other equipment are arranged on the unloading side of the loader in advance for material receiving preparation;
make pneumatic cylinder 8 on the hydro-cylinder support 9 to stretch out the piston rod through hydraulic system, the piston rod stretches out and can change the distance between pneumatic cylinder 8 and the hydro-cylinder hinge contact apart from the piston support pin joint, consequently scraper bowl 1 can slide along the cambered surface at arc guide rail place under the drive of piston rod, and the slip direction is preset's side unloading direction, and the contained angle of 1 bottom end face of scraper bowl and vertical direction reduces, and the soil in the scraper bowl 1 is unloaded in the car hopper of dregs car. After the unloading of the material in the loader is finished, the hydraulic cylinder 8 is reset. The bucket 1 is ready for the next material scooping and unloading.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.