CN109056646A - The multi-level intelligent ecological shore protection system in river based on sponge city - Google Patents

The multi-level intelligent ecological shore protection system in river based on sponge city Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109056646A
CN109056646A CN201810931372.4A CN201810931372A CN109056646A CN 109056646 A CN109056646 A CN 109056646A CN 201810931372 A CN201810931372 A CN 201810931372A CN 109056646 A CN109056646 A CN 109056646A
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China
Prior art keywords
river
ecological
water
layer
slope protection
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Pending
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CN201810931372.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王晓玲
张伯阳
李松敏
张福超
林威伟
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Tianjin University
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Tianjin University
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Priority to CN201810931372.4A priority Critical patent/CN109056646A/en
Publication of CN109056646A publication Critical patent/CN109056646A/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02BHYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/122Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
    • E02B3/123Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips mainly consisting of stone, concrete or similar stony material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/007Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28Anaerobic digestion processes
    • C02F3/2806Anaerobic processes using solid supports for microorganisms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/30Flood prevention; Flood or storm water management, e.g. using flood barriers

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of multi-level intelligent ecological shore protection system in river based on sponge city, including river, ecological slope protection, riverbank, stepped gabion is arranged in ecological slope protection and interchannel;Tree and shrubs are planted on riverbank, and ecological slope protection includes clay layer, denitrification layer, adsorption layer, filter layer and soil layer, herbaceous plant are planted on soil layer, water distribution pipeline is arranged in ecological slope protection top;Inductor control cabinet is arranged in stepped gabion upper end, water level sensor is arranged in front end, DO monitoring probe is arranged in water level sensor, aeration pump and sewage pump are set in river, water level sensor, DO monitoring probe, aeration pump, sewage pump are connect with inductor control cabinet, and sewage pump and water distribution pipeline pass through piping connection of catchmenting.It when this hair had not only adequately achieved rainfall the effect of " water suction, water storage, infiltration, water purification ", but also solves the problems, such as that common ecological revetment rainfall or river flood season clean-up effect are limited, also solves the problems, such as that dry season river water quality is poor.

Description

The multi-level intelligent ecological shore protection system in river based on sponge city
Technical field
The present invention relates to river regulation fields, and more specifically, it relates to a kind of river based on sponge city is multi-level Intelligent ecological shore protection system.
Background technique
In recent years, river channel ecology environment is seriously damaged, and eutrophication, soil erosion phenomenon frequently occur, and shore protection is Aquatic ecosystem and terrestrial ecosystems carry out the important intermediate zone that mass exchange, energy flow, information are transmitted, and are effective Control polluter enters water bodies of rivers and lakes, prevents the loss of water and soil large area, stable banks and beautify the environment to all have important show Sincere justice.
Existing river regulation shore protection technology mainly includes the following categories: natural style shore protection, rigidity revetment, ecology typed bank revetment Deng.Wherein, natural style shore protection is to carry out solid native sand prevention by planting in channel revetment using root system of plant and effectively intercept A kind of shore protection of the nitrogen phosphorus of runoff, but this shore protection stability is poor, is easy to be destroyed by rush of water by rainwater to cause soil erosion, and opposite source The pollutant interception capacity that pollution form enters river is limited.Rigidity revetment is mainly by laid dry stone or or cast-in-place concrete The structural body of composition protects river, these structural bodies to prevent erosion, bank stability and ensure flood control etc. side Face all has preferable effect, but this shore protection is very harmful to river ecosystem, has blocked river ecosystem and land The connection of the ecosystem, has seriously affected diversity of organism, is difficult to the pollutant for the water body for entering river in the form of the source of face Removal.Ecological revetment technology is generallyd use at present, specifically includes following methods: vegetation type eco-concrete shore protection, cement Planting material, soil-solidified-agent shore protection etc., these technologies play the interception of pollutant and the protection of shore protection certain Effect, and the landscape of shore protection is made to have obtained certain improvement.But there is also some shortcomings for ecological revetment, without abundant The effect of realizing sponge city " sufficiently accumulating in rainfall, the water stored release is used when needing ";In rainfall or These technologies are limited for the clean-up effect of pollutant when river flood season, cannot purify simultaneously to rainwater and river water;It is firm Degree is not as good as conventional rigid shore protection;Popularization and use are restricted.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is overcoming the problems, such as that original ecological revetment rainfall or river flood season clean-up effect are limited, sufficiently pass through The theory in thorough sponge city, and the stability of bank slope is effectively improved on the basis of original ecological revetment, propose that one kind is based on The multi-level intelligent ecological shore protection system in the river in sponge city can simultaneously purify rainwater and river water, both sufficiently realize When rainfall the effect of " water suction, water storage, infiltration, water purification ", and solve common ecological revetment rainfall or river flood season purification effect The limited problem of fruit also solves the problems, such as that dry season river water quality is poor, improves the stability of bank slope, at aspect of controlling flood and draining flooded fields With active and effective effect, the intelligent control for cutting dirty sum in river is also achieved.It can also on the basis of solving the above problems It realizes to the recycling utilization of river waterr resources, has the characteristics that treatment effeciency is high, easy to operate, environmental benefit is good.
The purpose of the present invention is what is be achieved through the following technical solutions.
The multi-level intelligent ecological shore protection system in river based on sponge city of the invention, including river, the river side While being provided with ecological slope protection, the ecological slope protection upper end is provided with riverbank, is provided between the ecological slope protection lower end and river Stepped gabion;The riverbank kind is implanted with tree and shrubs, the ecological slope protection include the clay layer set gradually from inside to outside, Denitrification layer, adsorption layer, filter layer and soil layer, kind is implanted with herbaceous plant on the soil layer, and the ecological slope protection top is set It is equipped with water distribution pipeline;
The step type gabion upper surface is provided with inductor control cabinet, and front end face is provided with water level sensor, the water Position inductor is provided with DO monitoring probe, and aeration pump and sewage pump, the water level sensor, DO monitoring are provided in the river Probe, aeration pump, sewage pump pass through control line and connect with inductor control cabinet, pass through between the sewage pump and water distribution pipeline It catchments piping connection.
The ecological slope protection and riverbank intersection, which are provided with, intercepts weir, and the slope surface of the ecological slope protection is horizontal by 20 ° ~30 ° of inclination angle.
The denitrification layer is laid with by haydite, and the adsorption layer is laid with by the mixture of green zeolite and cinder, The filter layer is laid with by anthracite, and the herbaceous plant includes arrowhead, cattail and Lythrum salicaria.
The soil property layer surface is equipped with ecological brick, and the ecological brick is made of concrete, and ecological brick center circle is set as Engraved structure, for planting herbaceous plant, ecological brick surface is provided with the radial groove connecting with center circle, guarantees water flow in life Free flow between state brick.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects brought by the technical solution of the present invention are as follows:
(1) herbaceous plant such as Lythrum salicaria, cattail selected in ecological slope protection, arrowhead have nitrogen phosphorus intercepts effect well Fruit effectively intercepts the nitrogen phosphorus in river, reduces the concentration of nitrogen phosphorus in water outlet.
(2) filter layer selects anthracite as filling filtrate in ecological slope protection, can effectively remove larger in water body Suspended material.
(3) adsorption layer selects the mixture of green zeolite and cinder as filler material in ecological slope protection, has very for nitrogen phosphorus Good interception effect, green zeolite and cinder surface layer are easy to the formation and growth of biomembrane, can be used as the carrier of biology, except this with Outside, green zeolite itself has good interception effect to ammonia nitrogen, and cinder has very high removal efficiency for phosphorus.
(4) denitrification layer is laid with by the haydite containing denitrifying microorganism in ecological slope protection, will pass through cinder and boiling The processed NO of stone mixed layer3- N is converted into nitrogen, achievees the purpose that denitrogenate, and guarantees effluent quality.
(5) clay layer can obstruct the processed water outlet of haydite denitrification layer in ecological slope protection, it is allowed to pass through stepped stone Cage flow back into river again.
(6) stepped gabion is used for the water body of water conservancy diversion denitrification layer purification, and effectively prevent river flowing water wash away and It corrodes.
(7) river wet season and dry season river water level are monitored by water level sensor, and pass through induction control Cabinet controls the water level in river, and river water is back flowed back into progress pollutant retention in ecological slope protection, effectively reduces labor Dynamic cost, improves production efficiency.
(8) it is monitored by DO of the DO monitoring probe to river, and by induction control cabinet to the dissolved oxygen amount in river Real-time monitoring is carried out, and controls the power of aeration pump and then controls the aeration quantity of aeration pump, prevents river as caused by anoxic Black smelly phenomenon.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is based on the side views of the multi-level intelligent ecological shore protection system in the river in sponge city;
Fig. 2 is that the present invention is based on the main views of the multi-level intelligent ecological shore protection system in the river in sponge city;
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of ecological brick in the present invention.
Appended drawing reference: 1 soil layer, 2 arbors, 3 shrubs, 4 rivers, 5 arrowheads, 6 cattails, 7 Lythrum salicarves, 8 inductor control cabinets, 9 stepped gabions, 10 filter layers, 11 adsorption layers, 12 denitrification layers, 13 clay layers, 14 water level sensors, 15 sewage pumps, 16 is raw State brick, 17 water distribution pipelines, 18 aeration pumps, 19 catchment pipeline.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiments and attached drawing, technology and methods of the invention are described in further detail, following embodiment With attached drawing for illustrating composition of the invention, but it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, the multi-level intelligent ecological shore protection system in the river of the invention based on sponge city, the shield Bank system had not only been applicable to rainfall and river flood season but also had been applicable to river dry season, mainly included river 4,4 side of river While being provided with ecological slope protection, the ecological slope protection upper end is provided with riverbank, is provided between the ecological slope protection lower end and river 4 Stepped gabion 9.The riverbank kind is implanted with arbor 2 and shrub 3, and the riverbank and ecological slope protection intersection, which are provided with, intercepts weir, Prevent surface water from flowing down directed along ecological slope protection.
For the slope surface of the ecological slope protection horizontal by 20 °~30 ° of inclination angle, main purpose is to carry out riverbank water and soil conservation While work, so that surface water seepage flow passes through soil layer 1 into ecological slope protection, to guarantee surface water Runoff as far as possible Clean-up effect.The ecological slope protection top is provided with water distribution pipeline 17, and the ecological slope protection includes setting gradually from inside to outside Clay layer 13, denitrification layer 12, adsorption layer 11, filter layer 10 and soil layer 1.The clay layer 13 is for preventing without life The water pollution underground water of state slope protection purification;The denitrification layer 12 is mainly laid with by haydite, is all attached on haydite anti- Nitrobacteria, can be by the NO in water3- N is converted into nitrogen, to achieve the purpose that denitrogenate;The adsorption layer 11 is by green zeolite and coal The mixture of slag is laid with, and green zeolite surface, which can adhere to amonifying bacteria, nitrobacteria and some polyP bacterias, main purpose, is It removes P in water removal and converts NO for the N element in water body3- N class;The filter layer 10 is mainly laid with by anthracite, Main purpose is to remove biggish suspended material in water removal.Kind is implanted with herbaceous plant, including arrowhead 5, perfume on the soil layer 1 Pu 6 and Lythrum salicaria 7 constitute the vegetation ecosystem of complete set with arbor 2, the shrub 3 planted on riverbank, protect carrying out water and soil While holding work, play the role of beautifying the environment.1 surface of soil layer is equipped with ecological brick 16, the ecological brick 16 by Concrete is made, and is embedded in soil layer 1, and 16 center circle of ecological brick is set as engraved structure, for planting herbaceous plant, ecology 16 surface of brick is provided with the radial groove connecting with center circle, guarantees that water flow can be with free flow between ecological brick.
9 upper surface of the step type gabion is provided with inductor control cabinet 8, and front end face is provided with water level sensor 14, institute It states water level sensor 14 and is provided with DO monitoring probe, aeration pump 18 and sewage pump 15, the water level sense are provided in the river 4 Device 14, DO monitoring probe, aeration pump 18, sewage pump 15 is answered to connect by control line with inductor control cabinet 8, the sewage pump It is connected between 15 and water distribution pipeline 17 by the pipeline 19 that catchments.
The course of work of the invention: water flow is pressurizeed by sewage pump 15 and is flowed into bank slope water distribution pipeline 17 by the pipeline 19 that catchments, Then ecological brick 16 is uniformly flowed into, filter layer 10 is entered by seepage effect, removes biggish suspended material in water removal;Water flow is by mistake Filtering layer 10 penetrates into adsorption layer 11, removes P in water removal and converts NO for the N element in water body3- N class;Water flow passes through adsorption layer Denitrification layer 12 is penetrated into after 11, achievees the purpose that denitrogenate.The filler as used in layer each in ecological slope protection is different, percolation path Also different, the effective hydraulic detention time for extending water flow in ecological slope protection, the water body handled by ecological slope protection is along anti- Nitrification layer 12 flows through stepped gabion 9, eventually enters into river 4.
The water level and DO in river 4 are monitored by water level sensor 14 and DO monitoring probe, and pass through inductor control Cabinet 8 processed controls the water level and DO monitor value in river 4, keeps quality of river water regulation work intelligent, effectively reduces Labor intensity realizes the purpose especially by following technical scheme: (1) with 4 SEA LEVEL VARIATION of river, when river water wet season summer Height of water level is higher than the upper contact of water level sensor 14 or winter river water dry season water level height will be less than water level sensor 14 Lower contact point when, send this signal to inductor control cabinet 8, after carrying out calculation process, start sewage pump 15, pass through collection Water lines 19 and water distribution pipeline 17 refill river water in ecological slope protection, extend hydraulic retention amount and residence time, and effectively Reduce water body in pollutant concentration;(2) inductor control cabinet 8 receives the signal that DO monitoring probe transmits, and carries out operation After processing, numerical value is reflected onto the LCD screen of inductor control cabinet 8, and is issued accordingly according to river water dissolved oxygen amount size Operational order regulates and controls the startup power of aeration pump 18, controls aeration quantity.
Embodiment one:
The anthracitic partial size of filter layer 10 is 10-20mm in ecological slope protection, the partial size of green zeolite and cinder in adsorption layer 11 It is 5-8mm, the partial size of haydite is 4-6mm in denitrification layer 12, wherein clay layer 13, filter layer 10, adsorption layer 11, denitrification Volume ratio shared by layer 12 is 1:2:3:4;Interception weir height is 500mm, is set on inductor control cabinet 8 by liquid crystal display, water level On inductor 14 be equipped with DO monitoring probe, water level monitor, can in water body dissolved oxygen and water level carry out real time monitoring and Display.
Water distribution pipeline 17 is made of PVC material, soil layer 1 with a thickness of 10-15cm, ecological brick 16 is uniformly laid with, raw Three classes herbaceous plant is planted inside state brick 16, herbaceous plant cultivated area respectively accounts for 1/3.Ecological brick 16 be side length be 300mm just The radius of hexagon, inside center circle is 150mm, six grooves is arranged, groove is the semicircle that radius is 80mm.
By taking the straight river of Tang's family bridge of the town Wuxi City Hong Shan as an example, (1) dry season and when wet season summer in winter, liquid level The DO monitoring probe being arranged in inductor 14 transfers data in inductor control cabinet 8, shows on 8 display screen of inductor control cabinet Show the dissolved oxygen value that monitoring obtains, and then a judgement is carried out for the water quality condition in river, determines the power of aeration pump 18, into And determine the size of aeration quantity, when the dissolved oxygen average value in water body is lower than 1.5mg/L, 18 Operation at full power of aeration pump works as water Dissolved oxygen average value 1.5-3mg/L in body, aeration pump 18 operate normally, and when dissolved oxygen content is higher than 3mg/L, aeration pump 18 is closed It closes;(2) it gradually rises in wet season water level to 14 upper limit of water level sensor or dry season and gradually rises to water level sensor 14 Limit transmits signals to inductor control cabinet 8, inductor control cabinet 8 is transported when water level is contacted to 14 contact of water level sensor After calculation, the instruction for opening sewage pump 15 is issued, the water in river is directly injected into water distributor by the pipeline 19 that catchments of sewage pump 16 The water distribution uniformity of ecological slope protection is carried out in road 17;(3) infiltration that the rainfall on riverbank passes through inclination riverbank (tilt angle is 10-15 °) Stream effect enters soil layer 1, and part water body is absorbed by arbor 2 and shrub 3 for growing, remaining water body enters life by seepage effect In state slope protection, intercepts the anti-water-stop body in weir and directly flowed down along riverbank surface layer;(4) it riverbank seepage flow water body and is infused again by sewage pump 15 The water body for entering ecological slope protection initially enters filter layer 10, and the filtrate that filter layer 10 selects is anthracite, the selected grain of anthracite Diameter is 10-20mm, and anthracite filter layer 10 can effectively remove the suspended particulate substance in water body, prevent particulate matter for rear Continuous water treatment impacts;(5) enter adsorption layer 11 by the water body that filter layer 10 is handled, filler selected by adsorption layer 11 is The partial size of the mixture of green zeolite and cinder, green zeolite and cinder is 5-8mm, and mixed proportion 1:1, zeolite surface adheres to micro- Biology, main purpose are the phosphorus removed in water body and are that Nitrates substance is used for subsequent place by the mineralized nitrogen in water Reason;(6) by adsorption layer 11, treated that water body enters denitrification layer 12, and denitrification layer 12 selects haydite as main absorption Material, a large amount of denitrifying bacteria of apposition growth on haydite carry out the water body by ammonification and nitrification processing at denitrification Reason, makes the NO in water body3- N is changed into nitrogen, achievees the purpose that denitrogenate;(7) water body handled by denitrification layer 12, flows through Stepped gabion 9 is crossed, is finally flowed into river 4.The present invention is a set of complete multi-level intelligent ecological shore protection system, Ke Yishi Now without the operation in the environment of manual operation, the nitrogen phosphorus in water body is retained at many levels, the shore protection processing system is multiple The percolation path for changing water body increases hydraulic detention time, guarantees to carry out sufficient biological respinse between each layer of shore protection system, The theory for giving full play to sponge city " water suction, water storage, infiltration, water purification ", is finally reached the purpose of purification of water quality.
Although function and the course of work of the invention are described above in conjunction with attached drawing, the invention is not limited to Above-mentioned concrete function and the course of work, the above mentioned embodiment is only schematical, rather than restrictive, ability The those of ordinary skill in domain under the inspiration of the present invention, is not departing from present inventive concept and scope of the claimed protection situation Under, many forms can also be made, all of these belong to the protection of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of multi-level intelligent ecological shore protection system in river based on sponge city, including river (4), which is characterized in that institute It states river (4) side and is provided with ecological slope protection, the ecological slope protection upper end is provided with riverbank, the ecological slope protection lower end and river (4) stepped gabion (9) are provided between;The riverbank kind is implanted with arbor (2) and shrub (3), the ecological slope protection include by Interior and the clay layer (13), denitrification layer (12), adsorption layer (11), filter layer (10) and the soil layer (1) that set gradually outside, it is described Soil layer (1) on kind is implanted with herbaceous plant, and the ecological slope protection top is provided with water distribution pipeline (17);
Described step type gabion (9) upper surface is provided with inductor control cabinet (8), and front end face is provided with water level sensor (14), The water level sensor (14) is provided with DO monitoring probe, is provided with aeration pump (18) and sewage pump (15) in the river (4), The water level sensor (14), DO monitoring probe, aeration pump (18), sewage pump (15) pass through control line and inductor control cabinet (8) it connects, is connected between the sewage pump (15) and water distribution pipeline (17) by the pipeline that catchments (19).
2. the multi-level intelligent ecological shore protection system in the river according to claim 1 based on sponge city, which is characterized in that The ecological slope protection and riverbank intersection are provided with intercepts weir, and the slope surface of the ecological slope protection is inclined horizontal by 20 °~30 ° Angle.
3. the multi-level intelligent ecological shore protection system in the river according to claim 1 based on sponge city, which is characterized in that The denitrification layer (12) is laid with by haydite, and the adsorption layer (11) is laid with by the mixture of green zeolite and cinder, The filter layer (10) is laid with by anthracite, and the herbaceous plant includes arrowhead (5), cattail (6) and Lythrum salicaria (7).
4. the multi-level intelligent ecological shore protection system in the river according to claim 1 based on sponge city, which is characterized in that Soil layer (1) surface is equipped with ecological brick (16), and the ecological brick (16) is made of concrete, ecological brick (16) center circle It is set as engraved structure, for planting herbaceous plant, ecological brick (16) surface is provided with the radial groove connecting with center circle, protects Demonstrate,prove water flow free flow between ecological brick (16).
CN201810931372.4A 2018-08-15 2018-08-15 The multi-level intelligent ecological shore protection system in river based on sponge city Pending CN109056646A (en)

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CN113603223A (en) * 2021-06-28 2021-11-05 长三角(义乌)生态环境研究中心 River channel purification device and installation method
CN113666575A (en) * 2021-08-20 2021-11-19 天津大学 Intelligent ecological spur dike system for purifying water quality of river channel and ecological restoration

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