CN109049212A - 具有良好材色稳定性的户外用蜡浸注木制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发提供一种具有良好材色稳定性的户外用蜡浸注木制备方法，其步骤：将木材加工成厚度不超过4cm的板材置入浸注罐，然后抽真空，并保压25‑35min；向浸注罐内注入温度120±2℃的改性熔融聚乙烯蜡，待蜡液完全淹没木材后，施加压力0.7‑0.8MPa，并保压2‑4h；将浸注罐卸压冷却到常压常温状态下，并保持20‑40min后从浸注罐取出木材；所述改性聚乙烯蜡是在聚乙烯蜡中加入质量比为1.5％‑2.5％的紫外线吸收剂UV‑531和1.5‑2.5％抗氧剂BHT。以该方法制备的无色系蜡浸注木和有色系蜡浸注木(加染料染色的蜡浸注木)，材色抗人工加速老化及抗自然老化性较好，不会出现因光照及温度剧烈变化等引起的材色衰减或不稳定现象。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种户外用蜡浸注木制备方法，尤其是具有良好材色稳定性的户外用蜡浸注木制备方法。
背景技术
随着户外庭院生活要求的不断提升，户外木制品或木建筑小品(如地面平台、护栏、亭子、藤架、桌椅、小品等)越来越多。面对恶劣的外部环境，普通木材无法抵抗菌虫害、雨水、阳光等的侵蚀，极易腐朽、破损或败坏。为适应户外建筑制品的应用，户外大都选用天然耐腐朽性较好的树种木材、经化学药剂处理的防腐木或经高温处理的碳化木等。以上几类木材产品都存在不能长久保持品质、易被污染、易开裂变形、易褪色等，且需定期维护、维护周期短等不足。高熔点蜡无毒无污染，具有较好的稳定性和疏水性，对木材能起到较好的保护作用。经过前期研究，已成功做到将熔融状态高熔点聚乙烯蜡注入4cm厚的规格材。然而高熔点蜡浸注木在工程服役过程中易出现颜色减淡、变灰或泛白等颜色不稳定现象，糟糕外观表现严重影响了工程木产品蜡浸注木的使用价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有良好材色稳定性的户外用蜡浸注木制备方法，以该方法制备的无色系蜡浸注木(未加染料染色的蜡浸注木，即本色蜡浸注木)和有色系蜡浸注木(加染料染色的蜡浸注木)，其材色抗人工加速老化及抗自然老化性较好，不会出现因光照及温度剧烈变化等引起的材色衰减或不稳定现象。
本发明所述的具有良好材色稳定性的户外用蜡浸注木制备方法，包括下述步骤：
抽真空：将木材加工成厚度不超过4cm的板材置入浸注罐，然后抽真空，并保压25-35min；
高压浸注：向浸注罐内注入温度120±2℃的改性熔融聚乙烯蜡，待蜡液完全淹没木材后，施加压力0.7-0.8MPa，并保压2-4h；
卸压冷却：将浸注罐卸压冷却到常压常温状态下，并保持20-40min后从浸注罐取出木材。
所述改性聚乙烯蜡是在聚乙烯蜡中加入质量比为1.5％-2.5％的紫外线吸收剂UV-531和1.5-2.5％抗氧剂BHT。
上述的户外用蜡浸注木制备方法，所述改性聚乙烯蜡是在聚乙烯蜡中还加入了质量比为0.8-1.2％的颜料及1-5％的氢化蓖麻油。优选，所述颜料为颜料红122。
上述的户外用蜡浸注木制备方法，所述聚乙烯蜡的滴熔点95-100℃，113-118℃时粘度14-16mPa·s。
上述的户外用蜡浸注木制备方法，所述木材为樟子松或者加拿大SPF松木。
本发明的有益效果：
经试验表明，采用三阶段浸注工艺即抽真空、高压浸注和卸压冷却，可使加拿大松木SPF和樟子松木材分别获得15％-20％、35-40％的含蜡量。
采用向聚乙烯蜡中添加助剂形成的改性聚乙烯蜡浸注木材，材色抗人工加速老化及抗自然老化性较好，未出现因光照及温度剧烈变化等引起的材色衰减或不稳定现象。
对于无色系即本色蜡浸注木(如树种：SPF加拿大松木和樟子松)，采用添加助剂的聚乙烯蜡(紫外线吸收剂含量1.5％-2.5％、抗氧剂BHT/264含量1.5-2.5％)浸注，人工加速老化及自然老化色差能控制在0.2NBS以内，具有优异的颜色抗老化性能。
对有色系蜡浸注木(树种：SPF加拿大松木和樟子松)，采用添加助剂的聚乙烯蜡(紫外线吸收剂含量1.5％-2.5％、抗氧剂BHT/264含量1.5-2.5％、氢化蓖麻油含量1-5％、紫色颜料1％)，人工加速老化及自然老化色差能控制在1.2NBS以内，具有优异的装饰色抗老化性能。
该本方法制备的高熔点蜡浸注木在工程服役过程中基本不会出现颜色减淡、变灰或泛白等颜色不稳定现象，具有优选的外观颜色保持性，提高了工程木产品蜡浸注木的使用价值。
附图说明
图1是三阶段浸注木材工艺图。
具体实施方式
1材料与方法
1.1材料与设备
试验用木材采用产地加拿大SPF松木、产地为中国东北樟子松(Pinussylvestris)规格材，有部分活节，纹理通直，一等材，含水率约15％。
试验用仪器设备有自制蜡浸注罐，紫外老化试验机(型号FR-1205QUV，上海发瑞仪器科技有限公司生产)，色差仪等。
试验用南京天诗新材料科技有限公司销售的型号为PEW-0324的高熔点聚乙烯蜡，滴熔点97℃，115℃时粘度15mPa·s。
试验用助剂(即在聚乙烯蜡中使用的添加剂)说明：
抗氧剂BHT/264：2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚，以对甲酚、异丁醇为原料，以浓硫酸作为催化剂，氧化铝为脱水剂，反应生成2,6－二叔丁基对甲酚。抗氧剂是指一些能够抑制或者延缓高聚物和其他有机化合物在空气中热氧化的有机化合物。通俗来说，即是能防止聚合物材料因氧化引起变质的物质。
抗氧剂1010：化学名为四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯，为白色结晶粉末，化学性状稳定，可广泛应用于通用塑料，工程塑料，合成橡胶，纤维，热熔胶，树脂，油品，墨水，涂料等行业中。
紫外线吸收剂UV-531：即2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮，是一种性能卓越的高效防老化助剂,能吸收240-340纳米的紫外光,具有色浅、无毒、相容性好、迁移性小、易于加工等特点。紫外线吸收剂UV-531对聚合物有最大的保护作用，并有助于减少色泽，同时延缓泛黄和阻滞物理性能损失，提供了良好的光稳定效果。
氢化蓖麻油：是由蓖麻油氢化制得的，主要成分为12-羟基硬脂酸甘油三酯。为白色至淡黄色的粉末、块状物或片状物。在二氯甲烷中微溶，在石油醚中不溶，在乙醇中极微溶解，在水中不溶。外观：白色至淡黄色的粉末、块状物或片状物；碱值：不大于4.0；熔点：85-88℃；羟值：150-165；碘值：不大于5.0；皂化值：176-182。
颜料：颜料红122(PR122)，结构号：C.I.73915，登记号：CAS№16043-40-6。
1.2蜡浸注方法
采用三阶段浸注工艺即抽真空、高压浸注和卸压冷却(如图1)。将试验用木材加工成规格为1200mm×80mm×38mm试样，称重后置入浸注罐，抽真空(压力为-0.06MPa)，保压30min后注入温度为120±2℃的改性熔融聚乙烯蜡，待蜡液完全淹没木材后，施加压力(压力为0.75MPa)并保压(时间3h)，待高压注蜡完成后，卸压冷却到常压常温状态下，并保持30min后把试样从浸注罐取出。
所述改性熔融聚乙烯蜡，是把不同质量百分比的助剂(具体加入的助剂及加入量见表2)加入到聚乙烯蜡中一起加热至120±2℃，使得聚乙烯蜡熔融即可。
1.3测试方法
含蜡量测试方法：通过称重法获得，因初含水率较低的木材经长时间高温浸注后中易失去水分接近绝干，含蜡量＝(M浸注后-M浸注前)/M浸注前，M浸注后指浸注后木材的质量，M浸注前指浸注前绝干木材的质量，换算得到。
人工加速老化试验：将注蜡材经锯机加工成15mm×20mm×300mm的试件，参照“机械工业产品人工气候老化试验方法标准(GB/T 14522-2008)”，将20组蜡浸注木试件(每组五个试样)，置于紫外老化试验机中，选用紫外老化试验机操作手册所附的典型试验条件中序号为5的暴露周期类型(参数见表1)，进行循环。也就是说，循环进行下述三个阶段：第一阶段：8h干燥(荧光紫外灯类型：UVA-340；辐照度：0.76±0.02W/m2×nm；控制波长：340nm；黑板温度计温度：50±3℃)；第二阶段：0.25h喷水；第三阶段：3.75h冷凝(黑板温度计温度：50±3℃)。时间为60天，测试完成后通过色差仪定点测试色差。
自然老化试验：在建筑物楼顶户外位置放置试件，使试件经历风吹雨淋以及日晒等自然环境，周期为4个月，分别测定试件自然老化前后正表面中心点的色差数据。
色差测试方法：测量色差时，色差测试点选在朝上面的中心点，每次测试点保持在同一位置，避开节子，腐朽等缺陷部位，色差仪测试过程中保持竖直。色差的单位用NBS表示，△E盎值为1时称为1NBS，1个NBS大约相当于视觉识别阈值的5倍。色差值的大小即两种颜色在视觉感受上的相差大小，色差值和视觉感受上大约有这样的对应关系：0.0～0.5(微小色差)，感觉极微；0.5～1.5(小色差)，感觉轻微；l.5～3(较小色差)，感觉明显；3～6(较大色差)，感觉很明显；6以上(大色差)，感觉强烈。
表1加速老化周期类型参数表
2试验结果
试验测试结果如表2。
表2聚乙烯蜡浸注木材色老化测试结果
3结论
聚乙烯蜡在熔点高，熔融状态时性质稳定、流动性好、黏度较低，与试验助剂(紫外线吸收剂、抗氧剂等)有良好的相容性，在氢化蓖麻油的作用下颜料与聚乙烯蜡相容性较好，在压力作用下易进入木材表层或内部孔隙。高熔点蜡具有良好的疏水性，附着于木材表面和孔隙中可有效减少木材吸水通道，提高木材尺寸稳定性。
采用三阶段浸注工艺即抽真空(压力为-0.06MPa，时间30min)、高压浸注(压力为0.75MPa，时间为3h)和卸压冷却(30min)，可使加拿大松木SPF和樟子松木材分别获得15％-20％、35-40％的含蜡量。
添加助剂的蜡浸注木的材色抗人工加速老化及抗自然老化性较好，未出现因光照及温度剧烈变化等引起的材色衰减或不稳定现象。
对于无色系即本色蜡浸注木(树种：SPF加拿大松木和樟子松)，采用改性聚乙烯蜡配方(紫外线吸收剂含量1.5％-2.5％、抗氧剂BHT/264含量1.5-2.5％)，人工加速老化及自然老化色差能控制在0.2NBS以内，具有优异的颜色抗老化性能。
对有色系即紫色蜡浸注木(树种：SPF加拿大松木和樟子松)，采用改性聚乙烯蜡配方配方(紫外线吸收剂含量1.5％-2.5％、抗氧剂BHT/264含量1.5-2.5％、氢化蓖麻油含量3-5％、颜料红122含量1％)，人工加速老化及自然老化色差能控制在0.5NBS以内，具有优异的装饰色抗老化性能。
对于加入颜料122的木材，外观看上去类似紫色，所以我们也称之为紫色蜡浸注木。
Claims (5)
1.具有良好材色稳定性的户外用蜡浸注木制备方法，其特征是：它包括下述步骤：
抽真空：将木材加工成厚度不超过4cm的板材置入浸注罐，然后抽真空，并保压25-35min；
高压浸注：向浸注罐内注入温度120±2℃的改性熔融聚乙烯蜡，待蜡液完全淹没木材后，施加压力0.7-0.8MPa，并保压2-4h；
卸压冷却：将浸注罐卸压冷却到常压常温状态下，并保持20-40min后从浸注罐取出木材。
所述改性聚乙烯蜡是在聚乙烯蜡中加入质量比为1.5％-2.5％的紫外线吸收剂UV-531和1.5-2.5％抗氧剂BHT。
2.如权利要求1所述的户外用蜡浸注木制备方法，其特征是：所述改性聚乙烯蜡是在聚乙烯蜡中还加入了质量比为0.8-1.2％的颜料及1-5％的氢化蓖麻油。
3.如权利要求2所述的户外用蜡浸注木制备方法，其特征是：所述颜料为颜料红122。
4.如权利要求2所述的户外用蜡浸注木制备方法，其特征是：所述聚乙烯蜡的滴熔点95-100℃，113-118℃时粘度14-16mPa·s。
5.如权利要求2所述的户外用蜡浸注木制备方法，其特征是：所述木材为樟子松或者加拿大SPF松木。
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