CN109048054A - A kind of precise polished synchronous processing method of multiaxis laser-abrasive water-jet - Google Patents
A kind of precise polished synchronous processing method of multiaxis laser-abrasive water-jet Download PDFInfo
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- CN109048054A CN109048054A CN201811127218.8A CN201811127218A CN109048054A CN 109048054 A CN109048054 A CN 109048054A CN 201811127218 A CN201811127218 A CN 201811127218A CN 109048054 A CN109048054 A CN 109048054A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/144—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor the fluid stream containing particles, e.g. powder
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of precise polished synchronous processing method of multiaxis laser-abrasive water-jet, comprising the following steps: firstly, laser-gas curtain processing head and abrasive waterjet nozzle are installed on special fixture；Then, the fixture of laser-gas curtain processing spray head and abrasive waterjet nozzle will be installed loaded on gang tool Z axis；Then, in process according to laser spot center and the setting processing compensation of water jet dispersion zone centre distance.Finally, implementing laser-abradant jet polishing according to parameter needed for processing synchronizes processing.Present invention process is simple, and work in-process ensure that processing district accurately polishes in real time, increases processing efficiency while guaranteeing grinding and polishing uniformity.It, can be by changing jet stream perhaps air-flow synchronous with the temperature difference of laser processing area realizations finished surface modification or to only use water jet progress complex-curved precise polished in terms of application extension.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser-grinding Compound Machining field, especially a kind of multiaxis laser processing technology and abrasive water jet
Precise polished combined machining method is flowed, laser-abrasive grain water jet synchronous processing can be carried out to complex outline curved surface.
Background technique
Due to the inevitable property in traditional contact process there are tool loss, leading to it, there are process
Resource consumption is big, and economy is bad, processing quality the problems such as there are more unstable factors.And noncontact procession appears in
The above-mentioned deficiency of conventional contact processing is compensated for a certain extent.Noncontact procession avoids tool in process
Abrasion, and the energy source needed for processing can be controlled accurately, the stability of its energy of real-time monitoring output greatly improves workpiece
The stability of surface quality.Common noncontact procession has electrical discharge machining, laser processing, plasma beam processing, microwave to add
It the features such as work etc., laser processing is fast by its process velocity, power density is big, adaptable to rapidoprint, is widely used
In the manufacture of machine components.
Laser processing belongs to hot-working.According to the difference of pulse width and rapidoprint, the scale of heat transfer in process
Also there is larger difference.Numerous parts after laser machining, are especially processed with continuous laser or the biggish laser of pulse width
More apparent cutter trade inevitably can be left in machining area afterwards, surface quality tends not to meet final requirement,
Common mode is to carry out polishing post-processing to laser processing rear surface, increases surface smoothness.Existing multiaxis water jet is multiple
Closing processing technology is that laser and water flow are converged to same point in workpiece to carry out water jet auxiliary cutting mostly, is being cut by laser
While and erosion cooling with water jet process oxide regions；And for Water Jet Guided Laser processing, small with heat affected area,
High in machining efficiency, the features such as workpiece good cooling results and joint-cutting is neat and tidy, but will lead to laser if abrasive material is added and exist
Occur uneven reflection in jet stream, seriously affect the beam quality for reaching workpiece surface, and the water jet polishing effect of abrasive material is not added
Rate is relatively low.The present invention combines laser and abrasive water-jet, by coaxially being fed, after laser processing immediately
The abrasive water-jet grinding and polishing of machining area is carried out, grinding and polishing region is greater than the laser facula zone of action, accomplishes processing district and processing heat
The zone of influence is completely covered.When to laser machine progress synchronous with abrasive grain water jet machining due to the presence of gas curtain in system of processing
It is independent of each other, substantially increases processing efficiency and processing quality.
Summary of the invention
In view of above-mentioned existing Laser Combined Machining Technology disadvantage, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of efficient, precision
A kind of precise polished synchronous processing technology of multiaxis laser-abrasive water-jet, comprising the following steps:
S1, processing head assembly；
S2, setting machining locus compensate；
S3, implement laser-abrasive water-jet synchronous processing；
Laser processing and traditional abrasive water-jet method are merged, processing efficiency and machining accuracy is improved, adds laser
Work and abrasive water-jet are precise polished synchronous to carry out.0 length of laser Machining head gas nozzle be 100mm, top end diameter 10mm,
Base diameter is 2mm, thickness 1mm, taper 1:12.5.
Preferably, use nanosecond laser as laser light source, relatively for continuous wave laser, nanosecond laser in step S1
Heat affected area is smaller, while lower for the ultrafast lasers such as opposite picosecond of laser cost, femtosecond.Select argon gas as gas curtain
Gas, protection machining area work in-process is not oxidized while forming gas curtain isolation water jet.
Preferably, knife is arranged according to laser spot center and Water Jet Impact district center distance in machining locus in step S2
Road compensation rate.Laser facula is 0.5-3mm, laser pulse width about 6ps, wavelength 1064nm, single pulse energy 30-70 μ J, frequency
300-500KHz。
Preferably, laser-abrasive water-jet synchronous processing is carried out according to workpiece profile model in step 3.The processing head
Internal ventilation is that argon gas internal ventilation is argon gas, pressure 1.2-5MPa, gas water content 11.36g/kg；Abrasive water-jet
The jet pressure of processing head is 1-3MPa, and jet media is water, adds the dehydrated alcohol of 3-10% as surfactant；Abrasive material
Concentration is 8-12wt%, and abrasive material size is 0.5-1 μm, and laser spot center distance is 20mm with jet-core region distance.
Further, abrasive material is guaranteed according to the real-time dynamic regulation jet pressure of difference of cutter track track in step s3
Active force discrete magnitude of the jet stream on workpiece is within technique requirement.
It is compared by the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, different with traditional laser-water jet machining, abrasive grain is added in the present invention, increases grinding and polishing efficiency, while by
In the presence for having protection gas curtain, laser is not interfere with each other with jet stream.In process, laser and abradant jet belong to together into polishing
The asynchronous progress of axis is processed by shot blasting laser processing area immediately after processing, and laser biggish for heat affected area comes
It says the diffusion that can effectively inhibit heat affected area while improving processing efficiency, improves surface quality.
2, it is modified to can be used for laser-textured surface；Low temperature jet flow progress erosion can be used and make machining area cooling velocity
Accelerate, adjusts its residual surface residue stress distribution, increase surface hardness and wearability.Or table is carried out after melting using continuous laser
Face quickly cooling realizes surface amorphisation.
3, it is complex-curved precise polished that abrasive water-jet progress can also be only used.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that laser-abrasive waterjet cutting header structure is intended in step S1 of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that abrasive waterjet cutting header structure is intended in step S1 of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is machining locus motion compensation schematic diagram in step S2 of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is multiaxis laser-abrasive waterjet cutting complex outline workpiece schematic diagram in step S3 of the present invention；
Wherein, 0- laser and airflow channel, 01- Compound Machining head fixed bolt hole, 02- abrasive water jet flow nozzle mounting hole, 1-
Abrasive water jet flow nozzle, 11- abrasive water-jet runner, 2- high pressure draught, 21-- laser beam, 22- abrasive water-jet, 3- lathe Z
Axis, 31- laser-abrasive water-jet Compound Machining head, 32- complex curved surface parts.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiments and its attached drawing is further explained the method for the present invention.
Please refer to attached Fig. 1 to Fig. 4.It should be noted that diagram provided in the present embodiment only illustrates in a schematic way
Basic conception of the invention, only shown in schema then with related component in the present invention rather than package count when according to actual implementation
Mesh, shape and size are drawn, when actual implementation kenel, quantity and the ratio of each component can arbitrarily change for one kind, and its
Assembly layout kenel may also be increasingly complex.
It is precise polished compound to a kind of multiaxis laser processing technology of the present invention and abrasive water-jet below with reference to specific attached drawing
Processing technology is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, present embodiment provides a kind of multiaxis laser processing technology and abrasive water-jet is precise polished compound
Processing technology, use the following steps are included:
S1, processing head assembly；
S2, setting machining locus compensate；
S3, implement laser-abrasive water-jet synchronous processing.
Laser Machining head gas nozzle 0 and abrasive waterjet cutting head 1 are installed on Z axis.0 length of gas nozzle is 100mm, top
Diameter is 10mm, base diameter 2mm, thickness 1mm, and taper 1:12.5, material is aluminium alloy, and hot spot is after laser 21 focuses
0.5mm, laser pulse width about 6ps, wavelength 1064nm, single pulse energy 50 μ J, frequency 500KHz.2 internal ventilation 10 of processing head is
Argon gas internal ventilation is argon gas, pressure 1.2MPa, gas water content 11.36g/kg.1 length of abrasive waterjet cutting head is
50mm, top end diameter 20mm, base diameter 5mm, pore wall thickness 2.2mm, nozzle bore 0.6mm, 11 pressure of jet stream are
1MPa, jet media are water, add 3% dehydrated alcohol as surfactant.Abrasive concentration is 8wt%, and abrasive material size is 0.5
μm, 1 material of nozzle is silicon carbide ceramics.Laser spot center distance is 20mm with jet-core region distance.
Step S2 is executed, is compensated, is being laser machined according to jet-core region and laser spot center distance setting machining locus
Laser shutdown after the completion, jet stream continue processing until laser processing track is completely covered.According to laser spot center in step 1 away from
From with a distance from jet-core region, 20mm compensation rate should be arranged in track in process.
Step S3 is executed, high temperature alloy impeller S13 is finished, impeller size diameter is 500mm, processes rear surface
Roughness Ra is less than 0.1mm.
Example 2
As shown in Figure 1, present embodiment provides a kind of multiaxis laser processing technology and abrasive water-jet is precise polished compound
Processing technology, use the following steps are included:
S1, processing head assembly；
S2, setting machining locus compensate；
S3, implement laser-abrasive water-jet synchronous processing.
Laser Machining head gas nozzle 0 and abrasive waterjet cutting head 1 are installed on Z axis.0 length of gas nozzle is 100mm, top
Diameter is 10mm, base diameter 2mm, thickness 1mm, and taper 1:12.5, material is aluminium alloy, and hot spot is after laser 21 focuses
2mm, laser pulse width about 6ps, wavelength 1064nm, single pulse energy 70 μ J, frequency 300KHz.Processing head internal ventilation 11 is argon
Gas, pressure 2.3MPa, gas water content 11.36g/kg.1 length of abrasive waterjet cutting head is 50mm, and top end diameter is
20mm, base diameter 5mm, pore wall thickness 2.2mm, nozzle bore 0.6mm, jet pressure 1.5MPa, jet media are water,
The dehydrated alcohol of addition 5% is as surfactant.Abrasive concentration is 10wt%, and abrasive grain material size is 1 μm, and 1 material of nozzle is carbon
SiClx ceramics.Laser spot center distance is 20mm with jet-core region distance.
Step S2 is executed, is compensated, is being laser machined according to jet-core region and laser spot center distance setting machining locus
Laser shutdown after the completion, jet stream continue processing until laser processing track is completely covered.According to laser spot center in step 1 away from
From with a distance from jet-core region, 20mm compensation rate should be arranged in track in process.
Step S3 is executed, titanium alloy impeller S13 is finished, impeller size diameter is 300mm, and processing rear surface is thick
Rugosity Ra is less than 0.1mm.
Example 3
As shown in Figure 1, present embodiment provides a kind of multiaxis laser processing technology and abrasive water-jet is precise polished compound
Processing technology, use the following steps are included:
S1, processing head assembly；
S2, setting machining locus compensate；
S3, implement laser-abrasive water-jet synchronous processing.
Laser Machining head gas nozzle 0 and abrasive waterjet cutting head 1 are installed on Z axis.0 length of gas nozzle is 100mm, top
Diameter is 10mm, base diameter 2mm, thickness 1mm, and taper 1:12.5, material is aluminium alloy, and hot spot is after laser 21 focuses
1mm, laser pulse width about 6ps, wavelength 1064nm, single pulse energy 30 μ J, frequency 500KHz.Processing head internal ventilation is argon gas,
Pressure is 5MPa, gas water content 11.36g/kg.03 length of abrasive waterjet cutting head be 50mm, top end diameter 20mm,
Base diameter is 5mm, and pore wall thickness 2.2mm, nozzle bore 0.6mm, jet pressure 3MPa, jet media is water, addition 10%
Dehydrated alcohol as surfactant.Abrasive concentration is 12wt%, and abrasive grain material size is 1.5 μm, and 1 material of nozzle is silicon carbide
Ceramics.Laser spot center distance is 20mm with jet-core region distance.
Step S2 is executed, is compensated, is being laser machined according to jet-core region and laser spot center distance setting machining locus
Laser shutdown after the completion, jet stream continue processing until laser processing track is completely covered.According to laser spot center in step 1 away from
From with a distance from jet-core region, 20mm compensation rate should be arranged in track in process.
Step S3 is executed, nickel base superalloy impeller S13 is finished, impeller size diameter is 700mm, after processing
Surface roughness Ra is less than 0.1mm.
Example 4
As shown in Figure 1, present embodiment provides a kind of multiaxis laser processing technology and abrasive water-jet is precise polished compound
Processing technology, use the following steps are included:
S1, processing head assembly；
S2, setting machining locus compensate；
S3, implement laser-abrasive water-jet synchronous processing.
Laser Machining head gas nozzle 1 and abrasive waterjet cutting head 1 are installed on Z axis.01 length of gas nozzle is 100mm, top
End diameter is 10mm, base diameter 2mm, thickness 1mm, and taper 1:12.5, material is aluminium alloy, hot spot after laser 21 focuses
For 3mm, hot spot is 1mm, laser pulse width about 6ps, wavelength 1064nm, 50 μ J of single pulse energy, frequency after laser 21 focuses
500KHz.Processing 2 internal ventilations is argon gas, pressure 4MPa, gas water content 11.36g/kg.Abrasive waterjet cutting
First 03 length is 50mm, top end diameter 20mm, base diameter 5mm, pore wall thickness 2.2mm, nozzle bore 0.6mm, jet stream
Pressure is 1.8MPa, and jet media is water, adds 7% dehydrated alcohol as surfactant.Abrasive concentration is 8wt%, abrasive grain
Expect that size is 1 μm, 1 material of nozzle is silicon carbide ceramics.Laser spot center distance is 20mm with jet-core region distance.
Step S2 is executed, is compensated, is being laser machined according to jet-core region and laser spot center distance setting machining locus
Laser shutdown after the completion, jet stream continue processing until laser processing track is completely covered.According to laser spot center in step 1 away from
From with a distance from jet-core region, 20mm compensation rate should be arranged in track in process.
Step S3 is executed, steel mold S13 is finished to hardening, and processing rear surface roughness Ra is less than 0.1mm.
The above-described embodiments merely illustrate the principles and effects of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention.It is any ripe
The personage for knowing this technology all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, carries out modifications and changes to above-described embodiment.Cause
This, institute is complete without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed in the present invention by those of ordinary skill in the art such as
At all equivalent modifications or change, should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of precise polished synchronous processing method of multiaxis laser-abrasive water-jet, which comprises the following steps:
S1, processing head assembly；
S2, setting machining locus compensate；
S3, implement laser-abrasive water-jet synchronous processing.
2. a kind of precise polished synchronous processing method of multiaxis laser-abrasive water-jet, feature exist according to claim 1
In the laser Machining head gas nozzle and abrasive waterjet nozzle length are selected according to institute's workpieces processing specific profile.
3. a kind of precise polished synchronous processing method of multiaxis laser-abrasive water-jet, feature exist according to claim 2
It is 100mm, top end diameter 10mm, base diameter 2mm in, 0 length of laser Machining head gas nozzle, thickness 1mm, taper is
1:12.5.
4. a kind of precise polished synchronous processing method of multiaxis laser-abrasive water-jet, feature exist according to claim 2
According to laser spot center and the setting machining locus compensation of water jet centre distance.
5. a kind of precise polished synchronous processing method of multiaxis laser-abrasive water-jet, feature exist according to claim 4
In laser facula 0.5-3mm, laser pulse width about 6ps, wavelength 1064nm, single pulse energy 30-70 μ J, frequency 300-
500KHz。
6. a kind of precise polished synchronous processing method of multiaxis laser-abrasive water-jet, feature exist according to claim 3
According to processing object setting machined parameters.
7. a kind of precise polished synchronous processing method of multiaxis laser-abrasive water-jet, feature exist according to claim 6
In the processing head internal ventilation is that argon gas internal ventilation is argon gas, pressure 1.2-5MPa, gas water content 11.36g/
kg；The jet pressure of abrasive waterjet cutting head is 1-3MPa, and jet media is water, adds the dehydrated alcohol of 3-10% as table
Face activating agent；Abrasive concentration is 8-12wt%, and abrasive material size is 0.5-1 μm, and laser spot center distance is with jet-core region distance
20mm。
8. a kind of described in any item precise polished synchronous processing methods of multiaxis laser-abrasive water-jet such as claim 1-7
Using, which is characterized in that the manufacture for impeller.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020215715A1 (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2020-10-29 | 孙树峰 | Laser-jet liquid beam self-generating abrasive flow combined machining head and working method |
| CN112775563A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-05-11 | 成都中创光科科技有限公司 | Unidirectional four-time bidirectional eight-stage step cutting process for silicon carbide wafer |
| CN113103392A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2021-07-13 | 南京林业大学 | Method for performing composite processing on biomass material by adopting laser and abrasive jet |
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