CN113103392A - Method for performing composite processing on biomass material by adopting laser and abrasive jet - Google Patents
Method for performing composite processing on biomass material by adopting laser and abrasive jet Download PDFInfo
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- CN113103392A CN113103392A CN201911350324.7A CN201911350324A CN113103392A CN 113103392 A CN113103392 A CN 113103392A CN 201911350324 A CN201911350324 A CN 201911350324A CN 113103392 A CN113103392 A CN 113103392A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- YIFLQBNCXIFWEL-KBXCAEBGSA-N 1-(7-methoxy-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-1,2-bis-(2-methyl-but-2-enoyloxy)-propane Natural products COc1cc(cc2OCOc12)[C@H](OC(=O)C(=CC)C)[C@H](C)OC(=O)C(=CC)C YIFLQBNCXIFWEL-KBXCAEBGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIFLQBNCXIFWEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-epilaserine Natural products COc1cc(cc2OCOc12)C(OC(=O)C(=C/C)C)C(C)OC(=O)C(=C/C)C YIFLQBNCXIFWEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000018185 Betula X alpestris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018212 Betula X uliginosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010147 laser engraving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010330 laser marking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
- B27M1/00—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching
- B27M1/06—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching by burning or charring, e.g. cutting with hot wire
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/0869—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
- B24C1/04—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass
- B24C1/045—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass for cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C3/00—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants
- B24C3/02—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants characterised by the arrangement of the component assemblies with respect to each other
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C7/00—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for carrying out composite processing on a biomass material by adopting laser and abrasive jet, which comprises the following steps: firstly, a laser beam (3) generated by a laser generating device (2) acts on a biomass material (4), and the biomass material (4) is gasified at high temperature and simultaneously generates a harmful carbonization layer; meanwhile, a jet flow generating device (11) is used for generating low-pressure jet flow, abrasive (9) is added into the low-pressure jet flow, and the low-pressure jet flow and the abrasive (9) are sprayed out through a spray head (7) to form abrasive jet flow (6); secondly, the abrasive jet (6) is directed at the carbonized layer (5), the carbonized layer (5) together with the biomass material (4) of its joint is cut off and washed away. The method can solve the carbonization ablation problem of the biomass material processed by laser, cuts off the carbonization layer generated by laser processing on line by the aid of low-pressure abrasive jet, has high processing surface precision and no carbonization layer, and can be used for processing the biomass material with high efficiency and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wood processing, in particular to a method for carrying out composite processing on a biomass material by adopting laser and abrasive jet.
Background
Biomass materials such as wood, bamboo and the like and products thereof are important raw materials and can be used in the fields of buildings, gardens, furniture, artware and the like. In particular, in the processing of furniture and artware, there are some hard biomass materials which are difficult to process, such as artificial or natural biomass materials like recombined bamboo (also referred to as bamboo steel), rose and the like. If the traditional cutting processing is adopted for the biomass material, the processing efficiency is low and the cutter is quickly worn. Laser processing is a typical high-efficiency thermal processing method, and due to the strong absorption capacity of the biomass material to laser (such as with a wavelength of 10.6 μm) and the high energy utilization rate during processing, more and more researches and experiments are being made to use laser for processing the biomass material. However, biomass materials have a low ignition point and when such materials are processed by laser, there are two mechanisms, namely gasification and combustion. Wherein, in the area of concentrated action of the laser heat source, the biomass material is evaporated and gasified instantly to form an etching pit. And the peripheral area of the laser can only heat the workpiece to cause charring ablation and can not evaporate workpiece materials due to the reduction of energy density. It is generally believed that the laser, while vaporizing the bamboo biomass material, necessarily accompanies the combustion and charring process. Therefore, the carbonization process is inevitable (Comparison of surface characteristics of laser-burned wood materials of Wuhui, Chentai, Ma Shi, etc Study [ J]The academy of northwest Lines 2018, 5:189-19). Only in the application occasions such as laser marking, the carbon black is produced on the surface of the biomass material by utilizing laser, patterns, characters and the like are displayed, and the carbonization is a beneficial phenomenon in the occasions. However, for more applications, e.g. embossing, texturing, anisotropy, by laserIn the case of surface, the carbonization process is fatal, because the carbonization layer not only affects the aesthetic appearance of the processed surface of the biomass material, but also causes errors to accumulate, and the processing of precise patterns, textures and surfaces cannot be realized. For example, when laser engraving wood, the laser focal length and the current are too large, the color of the carbonized layer can be obviously deepened, thereby affecting the grooving quality and the application (Study on technological parameters of laser carving of wood, Zhaojing, Qian birch, Zhang-Thick river, etc [J]Wood processing machinery 2006, 17(6): 15-17, Lirong, Xuwei, Xianqing, etc Influence on Wood processability [ J]Wood industry, 2018, 32(6): 28-31.). Thus, the charring layer is a difficult problem for laser processing of biomass materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a method for performing composite processing on a biomass material by using laser and abrasive jet, which can control and cut off a carbonized layer generated when the biomass material is processed by the laser.
The invention aims to solve the problems by the following technical scheme:
a method for carrying out composite processing on a biomass material by adopting laser and abrasive jet flow is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: firstly, a laser generating device is utilized to generate laser beams to act on a biomass material, and the biomass material is gasified at high temperature and simultaneously generates a harmful carbonization layer; meanwhile, a jet flow generating device is used for generating low-pressure jet flow, abrasive is added into the low-pressure jet flow, and the low-pressure jet flow and the abrasive are sprayed out through a spray head to form abrasive jet flow; secondly, the abrasive jet is directed at the char layer, which is cut off and washed away with the biomass material of its joint.
The low-pressure jet flow generated by the low-pressure jet flow generating device has the pressure lower than 30MPa, and the jet flow is liquid or gas.
The nozzle is respectively connected with the low-pressure jet flow generating device and the grinding material bin filled with grinding materials through pipelines, and the pipeline at the outlet of the grinding material bin is provided with a valve which is controlled by a grinding material adjusting device.
The jet generating device can generate low-pressure jet with adjustable pressure and speed, and the additive amount of the abrasive in the abrasive jet can be adjusted through the abrasive adjusting device to form the abrasive jet with adjustable parameters, so that the cutting thickness control of the carbonization layer is realized.
The sprayer and the laser generating device are arranged on the machine tool spindle and can move and feed along with the machine tool spindle, so that the laser beam generated by the laser generating device and the abrasive jet flow sprayed out by the sprayer move along with the machine tool spindle.
The machine tool spindle can drive the laser beam and the spray head to perform layered scanning movement, so that the machining of a complex three-dimensional profile and a three-dimensional different surface is realized.
The periphery of the machine tool spindle is provided with a plurality of circumferentially distributed spray heads, and the intersection point of abrasive jet flow sprayed by the spray heads is positioned in the action area of the laser beam on the biomass material.
The abrasive jet and the laser beam are not in contact during the stroke of the laser beam before it acts on the biomass material to be processed.
The laser generating device generates laser beams with different energy densities by adjusting power and focal length.
The biomass material is placed in a water tank for processing or placed above the water tank for processing.
Particularly, the traditional high-pressure water jet machining is generally used for cutting machining and is difficult to be used for cutting surface layer materials; low pressure water jets are typically used for cleaning and no abrasives are added.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a novel processing method for removing a carbonized layer generated in laser processing by using abrasive jet, namely a method for carrying out composite processing on a biomass material by using laser and the abrasive jet, wherein the abrasive jet used in the method is low-pressure jet, gas or liquid below 30MPa is used for accelerating abrasive, the kinetic energy of the abrasive is used for cutting off the carbonized layer and a transition region adjacent to the carbonized layer (the region has high material hardness, and the low-pressure jet without the addition of the abrasive is difficult to remove), and the unification of high-efficiency processing and high-surface-quality processing is realized.
The invention combines laser processing and abrasive jet flow, and the low-pressure abrasive jet flow assists in cutting off the carbonization layer generated by laser processing on line, thereby solving the problem of carbonization ablation which is puzzled in laser processing for a long time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for composite processing of biomass material by using laser and abrasive jet according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic diagram of the method of the present invention for composite processing of biomass material using laser and abrasive jet.
Wherein: 1-machine tool main shaft; 2-a laser generating device; 3-a laser beam; 4-a biomass material; 5-a carbonization layer; 6-abrasive jet flow; 7-a spray head; 8, a water tank; 9-a grinding material bin; 10-abrasive conditioning means; 11-jet generating device.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1: a method for carrying out composite processing on a biomass material by adopting laser and abrasive jet flow comprises the following steps: firstly, a laser beam 3 generated by a laser generating device 2 acts on a biomass material 4, and the biomass material 4 is gasified at high temperature and simultaneously generates a harmful carbonization layer 5 (such as a black arc part in figure 1); meanwhile, a jet flow generating device 11 is used for generating low-pressure jet flow, abrasive 9 is added into the low-pressure jet flow, and the low-pressure jet flow and the abrasive 9 are sprayed out through a spray head 7 to form an abrasive jet flow 6; next, abrasive jet 6 is directed at char layer 5, char layer 5 with biomass material 4 at its interface is cut and washed away. It should be noted that, in the stroke before the laser beam 3 acts on the biomass material 4 to be processed, the abrasive jet 6 and the laser beam 3 do not contact in advance, so that the influence of the abrasive jet 6 on the laser can be reduced, and the energy of the laser beam 3 is prevented from being absorbed by the abrasive jet 6 in the propagation process.
Further, the pressure of the low-pressure jet flow generated by the low-pressure jet flow generating device 11 is lower than 30MPa, and the jet flow is liquid or gas; and preferably water. The spray head 7 is respectively connected with the low-pressure jet flow generating device 11 and the grinding material bin filled with the grinding materials 9 through pipelines, a valve is arranged on the pipeline at the outlet of the grinding material bin and is controlled by the grinding material adjusting device 10, the valve can be manually adjusted, laser parameters need to be combined when the grinding material adjusting device 10 is used for automatic adjustment, and the thicknesses of the carbonization layers 5 are different due to different laser parameters; the jet flow generating device 11 can generate low-pressure jet flow with adjustable pressure and speed, and the addition amount of the abrasive 9 in the abrasive jet flow 6 is adjusted through the abrasive adjusting device 10 to form the abrasive jet flow 6 with adjustable parameters, so that the cutting thickness control of the carbonization layer 5 is realized. In addition, the laser generating device 2 can produce laser beams 3 with different energy densities by adjusting power and focal length, and the spray head 7 and the laser generating device 2 are arranged on the machine tool spindle 1 and move and feed along with the machine tool spindle 1, so that the laser beams 3 generated by the laser generating device 2 and the abrasive jet flow 6 sprayed by the spray head 7 move along with the machine tool spindle 1; meanwhile, a plurality of nozzles 7 which are distributed in a circumferential manner are arranged on the circumferential side of the machine tool spindle 1, and the intersection point of abrasive jet flows 6 sprayed by the nozzles 7 is positioned in the action area of the laser beam 3 on the biomass material 4. The machine tool spindle 1 can drive the laser beam 3 and the spray head 7 to perform layered scanning movement, and machining of complex three-dimensional contours and three-dimensional different surfaces is achieved.
Still another solution, as shown in fig. 2, is to arrange the spray head 7 or a plurality of spray heads 7 in a circumferential direction and to arrange them outside the machine spindle 1, which can reduce the complexity of the machine spindle 1, but also requires that the spray head 7 can move synchronously with the machine spindle 1.
Further, the biomass material 4 is placed in the water tank 8 or placed above the water tank 8 for processing, and the water tank 8 is provided mainly for receiving the abrasive jet flow 6 after washing the carbonized layer 5.
The working principle of the method of the invention is as follows: the biomass material 4 is instantly gasified under the action of the laser beam 3, and meanwhile, part of the un-gasified material is ablated to form a carbonization layer 5; in order to remove the carbonized layer 5, the surface layer is cut off by flushing the area of the carbonized layer 5 through the abrasive jet flow 6; the addition amount of the abrasive 9 is adjusted by an abrasive adjusting device 10, and the thickness of the cut carbonized layer 5 is controlled by adjusting the addition amount of the abrasive 9. Because the laser beam 3 and the abrasive jet flow 6 work simultaneously, both can move along with the machine tool spindle 1, and the numerical control machining of complex shapes can be carried out.
The invention provides a novel processing method for removing a carbonized layer generated in laser processing by using abrasive jet, namely a method for carrying out composite processing on a biomass material by using laser and the abrasive jet, wherein the abrasive jet used in the method is low-pressure jet, gas or liquid below 30MPa is used for accelerating abrasive, the kinetic energy of the abrasive is used for cutting off the carbonized layer 5 and a transition region adjacent to the carbonized layer 5 (the region has high material hardness, and the low-pressure jet without the addition of the abrasive is difficult to remove), and the unification of high-efficiency processing and high-surface-quality processing is realized. The method combines laser processing and abrasive jet flow, and cuts off the carbonization layer 5 generated by the laser processing on line by the aid of the low-pressure abrasive jet flow 6, so that the carbonization ablation problem which is troubled for a long time in the laser processing is solved, the method is particularly suitable for processing surface textures, embossments, three-dimensional special-shaped surfaces and the like of biomass materials, has high processing surface precision and no carbonization layer, and can be used for processing the biomass materials with high efficiency and low cost.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention cannot be limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea proposed by the present invention falls within the protection scope of the present invention; the technology not related to the invention can be realized by the prior art.
Claims (10)
1. A method for carrying out composite processing on a biomass material by adopting laser and abrasive jet flow is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: firstly, a laser generating device (2) is used for generating a laser beam (3) to act on a biomass material (4), and the biomass material (4) is gasified at high temperature and simultaneously generates a harmful carbonization layer (5); meanwhile, a jet flow generating device (11) is used for generating low-pressure jet flow, abrasive (9) is added into the low-pressure jet flow, and the low-pressure jet flow and the abrasive (9) are sprayed out through a spray head (7) to form abrasive jet flow (6); secondly, the abrasive jet (6) is directed at the carbonized layer (5), the carbonized layer (5) together with the biomass material (4) of its joint is cut off and washed away.
2. The method for composite processing of biomass material by using laser and abrasive jet according to claim 1, characterized in that: the low-pressure jet flow generated by the low-pressure jet flow generating device (11) has the pressure lower than 30MPa, and the jet flow is liquid or gas.
3. The method for composite processing of biomass material by using laser and abrasive jet according to claim 1, characterized in that: the spray head (7) is respectively connected with the low-pressure jet flow generating device (11) and the grinding material bin filled with the grinding materials (9) through pipelines, and a valve is arranged on the pipeline at the outlet of the grinding material bin and is controlled by the grinding material adjusting device (10).
4. The method for composite processing of biomass material by using laser and abrasive jet according to claim 3, characterized in that: the jet flow generating device (11) can generate low-pressure jet flow with adjustable pressure and speed, and the addition amount of the abrasive (9) in the abrasive jet flow (6) can be adjusted through the abrasive adjusting device (10) to form the abrasive jet flow (6) with adjustable parameters, so that the cutting thickness control of the carbonization layer (5) is realized.
5. The method for composite processing of biomass material by using laser and abrasive jet according to claim 1, characterized in that: the spray head (7) and the laser generating device (2) are arranged on the machine tool spindle (1) and can move and feed along with the machine tool spindle (1), so that the laser beam (3) generated by the laser generating device (2) and the abrasive jet flow (6) sprayed by the spray head (7) move along with the machine tool spindle (1).
6. The method for composite processing of biomass material by using laser and abrasive jet according to claim 5, characterized in that: the machine tool spindle (1) can drive the laser beam (3) and the spray head (7) to perform layered scanning movement, and machining of complex three-dimensional contours and three-dimensional different surfaces is achieved.
7. The method for composite processing of biomass material by using laser and abrasive jet according to claim 5, characterized in that: the periphery of the machine tool spindle (1) is provided with a plurality of circumferentially distributed spray heads (7), and the intersection point of abrasive jet flows (6) sprayed by the spray heads (7) is located in the action area of the laser beam (3) on the biomass material (4).
8. The method for the composite processing of biomass material by using laser and abrasive jet according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that: the abrasive jet (6) and the laser beam (3) do not come into contact during the course of the laser beam (3) before it acts on the biomass material (4) to be processed.
9. The method for composite processing of biomass material by using laser and abrasive jet according to claim 1, characterized in that: the laser generating device (2) generates laser beams (3) with different energy densities by adjusting power and focal length.
10. The method for composite processing of biomass material by using laser and abrasive jet according to claim 1, characterized in that: the biomass material (4) is placed in the water tank (8) for processing or placed above the water tank (8) for processing.
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