CN100443236C - Method of welding steam turbine nozzle by electron beam - Google Patents
Method of welding steam turbine nozzle by electron beam Download PDFInfo
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- CN100443236C CN100443236C CNB200610010403XA CN200610010403A CN100443236C CN 100443236 C CN100443236 C CN 100443236C CN B200610010403X A CNB200610010403X A CN B200610010403XA CN 200610010403 A CN200610010403 A CN 200610010403A CN 100443236 C CN100443236 C CN 100443236C
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for using electron beam to weld ejection of turbine, wherein it comprises: 1, casting ejector room; 2, washing the surface of ejector room; 3, fixing the ejector room in the work bench; 4, using electron welding machine to weld the ejector in vacuum room, while the data should be matched; 5, cooling welded ejector and thermally treating, cooling and welding two semi rings. The invention can welding at single surface and form at two surfaces, without back root cleaning, with high welding quality, high efficiency and reduced producing period.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the welding method of nozzle of steam turbine.
Background technology
Nozzle of steam turbine is the first road threshold that initial steam enters cylinder, and welding quality requires high, as goes wrong, and will directly have influence on the safe operation of unit.Its material is a modified form 9%Cr steel, and weldability is relatively poor.In addition, the structure space of these parts is very little, and the postwelding back chipping is difficulty very, can not carry out welding by both sides again.And existing 300MW, 600MW nozzle of steam turbine group adopt spark machined stator steam passage molded lines always, adopt bolt locking structure, this structure exists nozzle to leak vapour, influences efficient, the cycle is long, and steam passage larynx high manufacturing accuracy is poor, tolerance only can reach ± 1mm, and differs greatly apart from designing requirement tolerance+0.10mm.
Summary of the invention
The present invention for solve existing 300MW, 600MW nozzle of steam turbine group adopts spark machined stator steam passage molded lines always, adopt bolt locking structure, this structure exists nozzle to leak vapour, influences efficient, the cycle is long, and steam passage larynx high manufacturing accuracy is poor, tolerance only can reach ± problem of 1mm, a kind of method that adopts the electron beam welding nozzle of steam turbine is provided, and the concrete technical scheme that addresses the above problem is as follows:
The present invention adopts the step of electron beam welding nozzle of steam turbine as follows:
Step 1, employing casting technique, the nozzle box that casts two semi-rings, material is 1Cr9MoVNbN;
Step 2, clean casting the surface, nozzle box;
Step 3, will be fixed on the workbench through half of the nozzle box after cleaning, put baffle plate well, baffle plate is placed in the cavity of nozzle box, prevents the destruction of electronic beam current to the nozzle box, nozzle sets is cut into symmetrical two semi-rings of nozzle box's semi-ring and with the nozzle box assemble;
Step 4, employing electron-beam welder, under vacuum condition, the vacuum indoor when vacuum reaches 7.8 * 10
-4Can carry out the welding of nozzle box and nozzle sets during mba, the accelerating potential of welding is that 45～70KV, speed of welding are that 50～800mm/min, welding distance are that 150～450mm, electronic beam current are that 150～800mA, focus current are 1.35～3.75A, sweep waveform for circular, square or triangle, scan frequency are that 100～700Hz, soldering angle are 1～90 degree, to scan amplitude of oscillation Vx be that 1～9mm, Vy are 1～9mm, will mate mutually between the above-mentioned data of welding process;
Step 5, the nozzle of steam turbine behind the step 4 welding forming is cooled to 95～105 ℃, and after being incubated 0.5～1.5 hour, speed with 100 ℃/h heats up immediately, be incubated 5～10 hours when being warmed up to 710～760 ℃ and under this temperature, cool, by the cooling of 70 ℃/h speed, freely reduce to normal temperature below 300 ℃ more than 300 ℃, again nozzle of steam turbine is finished in two i.e. welding of semi-ring welding.
The present invention can realize the single-sided welding two-sides forming, welds without back root cleaning again, and welding quality obviously improves, and reduces and reprocesses probability, raises the efficiency, and shortens the manufacturing cycle, and the nozzle of this method welding is air tight, has guaranteed the tolerance of steam passage throat dimension; Realize triplex structure, cost is low.This method weld seam starting the arc, to receive arc normal, and the weld appearance shape is attractive in appearance, and reverse side is shaped evenly, can reach the requirement of design tolerance ± 0.10mm.The specific embodiment
The specific embodiment one: the step of the nozzle of steam turbine welding of present embodiment is as follows:
Step 1, employing casting technique, cast the nozzle box of two semi-rings, nozzle box's radius is that 475mm, outer shroud radius are 630mm, and material is 1Cr9MoVNbN or modified form 9Cr%, the surface smoothness Ra=3.2 μ m of annulus is for the generation that prevents magnetic is processed without grinding machine;
Step 2, the surface, nozzle box that casts is cleaned; (machinery is as polishing wheel, scraper etc. to adopt machinery or chemical method; Chemistry is as acetone, alcohol etc.) nozzle box's material surface is removed corrosion, oxide skin, coating, greasy dirt, missible oil liquid and the dust on workbench and each frock clamp surface is removed;
Step 3, will be fixed on the workbench through half of the nozzle box after cleaning, put baffle plate well, baffle plate is placed in the cavity of nozzle box, prevent the destruction of electronic beam current to the nozzle box, nozzle sets cut into symmetrical two semi-rings of nozzle box's semi-ring and with the nozzle box assemble, the fit-up gap is no more than 0.20mm, and unfitness of butt joint is not more than 0.20mm;
Step 4, employing electron-beam welder, under vacuum condition, the vacuum indoor when vacuum reaches 7.8 * 10
-4Can carry out the welding of nozzle box and nozzle sets during mba, accelerating potential during welding is that 45～70KV, speed of welding are that 50～800mm/min, welding distance are that 150～450mm, electronic beam current are that 150～800mA, focus current are that 1.35～3.75A, sweep waveform are that 100～700Hz, soldering angle are that 1～90 degree, scanning amplitude of oscillation Vx are 1～9mm for circular, square or triangle, scan frequency, Vy is 1～9mm, will mate mutually between the above-mentioned data of welding process;
Step 5, the nozzle of steam turbine of step 4 welding fabrication is cooled to 95～105 ℃, and after being incubated 0.5～1.5 hour, speed with 100 ℃/h heats up immediately, be incubated 5～10 hours when being warmed up to 710～760 ℃ and under this temperature, cool, by the cooling of 70 ℃/h speed, freely reduce to normal temperature below 300 ℃ more than 300 ℃, again two semi-ring welding are promptly got the nozzle of steam turbine of welding forming.
The metallographic structure of as-welded weld seam down and heat affected area is a martensite, and the hardness height can not satisfy instructions for use; The welding point tissue is significantly improved after destressing heat treatment, becomes the preferable tempered sorbite of performance, and the hardness of weld seam and foundry goods side heat affected area has more significantly reduction, can satisfy the design and use requirement.
To adopting the nozzle of steam turbine after said method welds to carry out x-ray flaw detection, evaluation.
The specific embodiment two: the accelerating potential in the present embodiment step 4 be 45KV, speed of welding be 50mm/min, welding distance for 150mm, electronic beam current be that 150mA, focus current are that 3.75A, sweep waveform are that square, scan frequency is that 100Hz, soldering angle are that 10 degree, scanning amplitude of oscillation Vx are that 1mm, Vy are 1mm, after 0.5 hour, insulation is 7 hours in the time of 760 ℃ to the insulation of the nozzle of step 5 welding fabrication.Other step is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment three: the accelerating potential in the present embodiment step 4 is that 55KV, speed of welding are that 200mm/min, welding distance are that 260mA, focus current are that 2.1A, sweep waveform are that 420Hz, soldering angle are that 90 degree, scanning amplitude of oscillation Vx are that 1.8mm, Vy are 2.0mm for circular, scan frequency for 220mm, electronic beam current, to the insulation of the nozzle of step 5 welding fabrication after 1 hour, insulation is 5 hours in the time of 730 ℃, obtains the best welding data of nozzle of steam turbine.Other step is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment four: the accelerating potential in the present embodiment step is that 70KV, speed of welding are that 800mm/min, welding distance are that 800mA, focus current are that 1.35A, sweep waveform are that triangle, scan frequency are that 700Hz, soldering angle are that 45 degree, scanning amplitude of oscillation Vx are that 9mm, Vy are 9mm for 450mm, electronic beam current, after 1.5 hours, insulation is 10 hours in the time of 710 ℃ to the insulation of the nozzle of step 5 welding fabrication.Other step is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The size of focus current directly influence the line focus the position, influence the cross sectional shape of weld seam, optimum weld shape be a kind of its limit by parallel to coming to a point slightly, realize this result's parameter, its focal position should be positioned at below total depth of weld center; The low-frequency oscillation meeting increases weld width and reduces penetration, and the higher-order of oscillation will reduce weld width and increase penetration; The size of beat influences the width and the cross sectional shape of weld seam, and it is the integral multiple of power frequency that the beat frequency should be avoided, and avoids resonance region; Speed of welding influences the shaping of weld seam, mainly decides according to factors such as material welding performance, throat thickness, and thickness increases, the corresponding increasing of voltage and electronic beam current; The welding distance can not be excessive under the situation that structure allows, otherwise beam quality can not guarantee; The welding distance increases, and focus current is wanted corresponding reducing, and with adjustment line focal position, and needs to increase power output; Increase the welding electronic beam current, perhaps reduce speed of welding, to improve the heat input on the unit length; Speed of welding increases, and needs to increase electronic beam current, but when welding current is big, moves on the focus, reduces focus current again, to keep the focal position constant; When Vx one timing, change f, Vx changes; F increases, and Vx reduces, and scanning amplitude of oscillation value Vx, Vy are actual measured value, the mm of unit; F-beat frequency, the Hz of unit.
Claims (6)
1, adopt the method for electron beam welding nozzle of steam turbine, it is characterized in that this method adopts the following step:
Step 1, employing casting technique, the nozzle box that casts two semi-rings, material is 1Cr9MoVNbN;
Step 2, clean casting the surface, nozzle box;
Step 3, will be fixed on the workbench through half of the nozzle box after cleaning, put baffle plate well, baffle plate is placed in the cavity of nozzle box, prevents the destruction of electronic beam current to the nozzle box, nozzle sets is cut into symmetrical two semi-rings of nozzle box's semi-ring and with the nozzle box assemble;
Step 4, employing electron-beam welder, under vacuum condition, the vacuum indoor when vacuum reaches 7.8 * 10
-4Can carry out the welding of nozzle box and nozzle sets during mba, the accelerating potential of welding is that 45～70KV, speed of welding are that 50～800mm/min, welding distance are that 150～450mm, electronic beam current are that 150～800mA, focus current are 1.35～3.75A, sweep waveform for circular, square or triangle, scan frequency are that 100～700Hz, soldering angle are 1～90 degree, to scan amplitude of oscillation Vx be that 1～9mm, Vy are 1～9mm, will mate mutually between the above-mentioned data of welding process;
Step 5, the nozzle of steam turbine behind the step 4 welding forming is cooled to 95～105 ℃, and after being incubated 0.5～1.5 hour, speed with 100 ℃/h heats up immediately, be incubated 5～10 hours when being warmed up to 710～760 ℃ and under this temperature, cool, by the cooling of 70 ℃/h speed, freely reduce to normal temperature below 300 ℃ more than 300 ℃, again nozzle of steam turbine is finished in two i.e. welding of semi-ring welding.
2, the method for employing electron beam welding nozzle of steam turbine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that accelerating potential in the step 4 be 45KV, speed of welding be 50mm/min, welding distance for 150mm, electronic beam current be that 150mA, focus current are that 3.75A, sweep waveform are that square, scan frequency is that 100Hz, soldering angle are that 10 degree, scanning amplitude of oscillation Vx are that 1mm, Vy are 1mm, after 0.5 hour, insulation is 7 hours in the time of 760 ℃ to the insulation of the nozzle of step 5 welding forming.
3, the method for employing electron beam welding nozzle of steam turbine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the accelerating potential in the step 4 is that 55KV, speed of welding are that 200mm/min, welding distance are that 260mA, focus current are that 2.1A, sweep waveform are that 420Hz, soldering angle are that 90 degree, scanning amplitude of oscillation Vx are that 1.8mm, Vy are 2.0mm for circular, scan frequency for 220mm, electronic beam current, after 1 hour, insulation is 5 hours in the time of 730 ℃ to the insulation of the nozzle of steam turbine of step 5 welding forming.
4, the method for employing electron beam welding nozzle of steam turbine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the accelerating potential in the step is that 70KV, speed of welding are that 800mm/min, welding distance are that 800mA, focus current are that 1.35A, sweep waveform are that triangle, scan frequency are that 700Hz, soldering angle are that 45 degree, scanning amplitude of oscillation Vx are that 9mm, Vy are 9mm for 450mm, electronic beam current, after 1.5 hours, insulation is 10 hours in the time of 710 ℃ to the insulation of the nozzle of step 5 welding forming.
5, the method for employing electron beam welding nozzle of steam turbine according to claim 1 is characterized in that nozzle box's radius of casting is that 475mm, outer shroud radius are 630mm.
6, the method for employing electron beam welding nozzle of steam turbine according to claim 1 is characterized in that the fit-up gap is no more than 0.20mm, and unfitness of butt joint is not more than 0.20mm.
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| CNB200610010403XA CN100443236C (en) | 2006-08-14 | 2006-08-14 | Method of welding steam turbine nozzle by electron beam |
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| CNB200610010403XA CN100443236C (en) | 2006-08-14 | 2006-08-14 | Method of welding steam turbine nozzle by electron beam |
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| CN100443236C true CN100443236C (en) | 2008-12-17 |
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| CN101412149B (en) * | 2007-10-17 | 2013-01-09 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | Electron-bombardment welding technique |
| CN102554445A (en) * | 2010-12-22 | 2012-07-11 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | Method for controlling root chained pores in a part with bottom lock structure by using electron beam welding |
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| CN102319951B (en) * | 2011-08-30 | 2013-07-17 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 | Electron beam welding method for large-thickness diaphragms of steam turbines |
| CN102416525B (en) * | 2011-10-17 | 2013-06-19 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 | Electron beam welding method for variable-section gas turbine casing |
| CN102649187B (en) * | 2012-05-22 | 2014-06-18 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 | Vacuum brazing method of gas burner of combustion chamber of gas turbine |
| CN104162759B (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2015-12-09 | 中航湖南通用航空发动机有限公司 | A kind of welding method of casing and fixture thereof |
| CN105081536A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-11-25 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 | Narrow-gap MIG welding method of turbine nozzles |
| CN110216363B (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2021-10-26 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 | Electron beam welding method of partition plate for gas turbine |
| CN113414485A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-09-21 | 西安远航真空钎焊技术有限公司 | Transient liquid phase transition connection method for multi-cavity fuel nozzle pipe |
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| JPS60159305A (en) * | 1984-01-31 | 1985-08-20 | Hitachi Ltd | Turbine nozzle box |
| JPH03134202A (en) * | 1989-10-17 | 1991-06-07 | Toshiba Corp | Nozzle box of steam turbine |
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| US6754956B1 (en) * | 2002-12-04 | 2004-06-29 | General Electric Company | Methods for manufacturing a nozzle box assembly for a steam turbine |
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| CN1907627A (en) | 2007-02-07 |
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