CN109048054B - A multi-axis laser-abrasive water jet precision polishing synchronous processing method - Google Patents
A multi-axis laser-abrasive water jet precision polishing synchronous processing method Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005280 amorphization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/144—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor the fluid stream containing particles, e.g. powder
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Abstract
本发明提供一种多轴激光‑磨料水射流精密抛光同步加工方法，包括以下步骤：首先，将激光‑气帘加工头和磨料水射流喷头安装于专用夹具；然后，将安装有激光‑气帘加工喷头和磨料水射流喷头的夹具装于多轴机床Z轴；然后，在加工过程中根据激光光斑中心与水射流散布区域中心距离设置加工补偿。最后，根据加工所需的参数实施激光‑磨料射流抛光同步化加工。本发明工艺简单，且在加工中保证了加工区实时精确抛光，在保证磨抛均匀性的同时增加了加工效率。在应用扩展方面，可以通过改变射流或者气流与激光加工区域的温度差同步实现加工表面改性，或者只使用水射流进行复杂曲面精密抛光。
The invention provides a multi-axis laser-abrasive water jet precision polishing synchronous processing method, comprising the following steps: firstly, installing the laser-air curtain processing head and the abrasive water jet nozzle on a special fixture; then, installing the laser-air curtain processing nozzle The fixture with the abrasive water jet nozzle is installed on the Z axis of the multi-axis machine tool; then, during the processing, the processing compensation is set according to the distance between the center of the laser spot and the center of the water jet distribution area. Finally, the laser-abrasive jet polishing synchronization process is carried out according to the parameters required for the process. The process of the invention is simple, the real-time precise polishing of the processing area is ensured during processing, and the processing efficiency is increased while ensuring the uniformity of grinding and polishing. In terms of application expansion, it is possible to modify the machined surface by changing the jet or air flow synchronously with the temperature difference in the laser processing area, or to use only water jets for precision polishing of complex surfaces.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser-grinding combined machining, in particular to a multi-axis laser machining technology and an abrasive water jet precision polishing combined machining method, which can be used for carrying out laser-abrasive water jet synchronous machining on a curved surface with a complex contour.
Background
The problems of large resource consumption, poor economy, more unstable factors in the machining quality and the like in the traditional contact machining process are caused by the unavoidable loss of tools. The presence of non-contact machining remedies to some extent the above-mentioned deficiencies of conventional contact machining. The non-contact processing avoids the abrasion of the tool in the processing process, can accurately control the energy source required by the processing, monitors the stability of energy output in real time, and greatly improves the stability of the surface quality of the workpiece. Common non-contact machining includes electric spark machining, laser machining, plasma beam machining, microwave machining and the like, and laser machining is widely applied to manufacturing of mechanical parts by virtue of the characteristics of high machining speed, high power density, strong adaptability to machining materials and the like.
Laser processing belongs to thermal processing. The dimensions of heat transfer during processing also vary greatly depending on the pulse width and the material being processed. After laser processing, especially continuous laser or laser with a large pulse width, a lot of parts inevitably leave a relatively obvious processing trace in a processing area, the surface quality often cannot meet the final requirement, and the common mode is to carry out polishing post-treatment on the surface after laser processing to increase the surface finish. Most of the existing multi-axis water jet composite processing technologies converge laser and water flow to the same point on a workpiece to carry out water jet auxiliary cutting, and water jet cooling and erosion processing of an oxidation area are carried out while laser cutting is carried out; for water-jet guided laser machining, the water-jet guided laser machining device has the characteristics of small heat affected zone, high machining efficiency, good workpiece cooling effect, clean and clean cutting seams and the like, but if abrasive is added, laser is unevenly reflected in jet flow, the quality of light beams reaching the surface of a workpiece is seriously affected, and the water-jet polishing efficiency without the abrasive is also lower. The laser and the abrasive water jet are combined, feeding is carried out coaxially, abrasive water jet polishing of a processing area is carried out immediately after laser processing, the polishing area is larger than a laser spot acting area, and the processing area and a processing heat affected area are completely covered. Because the existence of the air curtain in the processing system enables the laser processing and the abrasive particle water jet processing to be carried out synchronously without influencing each other, the processing efficiency and the processing quality are greatly improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above disadvantages of the existing laser composite processing technology, the present invention aims to provide an efficient and precise multi-axis laser-abrasive water jet precise polishing synchronous processing technology, which comprises the following steps:
s1, assembling a machining head;
s2, setting machining track compensation;
s3, performing laser-abrasive water jet synchronous machining;
the laser processing and the traditional abrasive water jet method are fused, so that the processing efficiency and the processing precision are improved, and the laser processing and the abrasive water jet precision polishing are synchronously carried out. Laser processing head air cock 0 length is 100mm, and the top diameter is 10mm, and the bottom diameter is 2mm, and thickness 1mm, the tapering is 1: 12.5.
preferably, in step S1, a nanosecond laser is used as the laser light source, the nanosecond laser has a smaller heat affected zone than a continuous laser, and the laser cost is lower than that of an ultrafast laser such as picoseconds and femtoseconds. Argon is selected as gas curtain gas, so that the gas curtain is formed to isolate the water jet, and meanwhile, a processing area is protected from being oxidized in the processing process.
Preferably, the processing track in step S2 sets the tool path compensation amount according to the distance between the laser spot center and the water jet action zone center. The laser spot is 0.5-3mm, the laser pulse width is about 6ps, the wavelength is 1064nm, the single pulse energy is 30-70 muJ, and the frequency is 300-500 KHz.
Preferably, in step 3, laser-abrasive water jet synchronous machining is carried out according to the workpiece contour model. The processing head is internally ventilated with argon, the pressure is 1.2-5MPa, and the water content of the gas is 11.36 g/kg; the jet pressure of the abrasive water jet machining head is 1-3MPa, the jet medium is water, and 3-10% of absolute ethyl alcohol is added to be used as a surfactant; the abrasive concentration is 8-12wt%, the abrasive size is 0.5-1 μm, and the distance between the laser spot center and the jet center is 20 mm.
Furthermore, in step S3, the jet pressure is dynamically adjusted in real time according to the different tool paths, so as to ensure that the discrete amount of the acting force of the abrasive jet on the workpiece is within the process requirement.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. different from the traditional laser-water jet machining, the abrasive particles are added in the invention, so that the grinding and polishing efficiency is increased, and meanwhile, the laser and the jet flow are not interfered with each other due to the existence of the protective gas curtain. In the processing process, the laser and the abrasive jet flow are in coaxial asynchronous polishing, so that the laser processing area is immediately polished after being processed, the processing efficiency of a laser with a large heat affected zone can be improved, the diffusion of the heat affected zone can be effectively inhibited, and the surface quality is improved.
2. Can be used for laser processing surface modification; the low-temperature jet flow can be used for erosion, so that the cooling speed of a processing area is accelerated, the residual surface stress distribution of the processing area is adjusted, and the surface hardness and the wear resistance are improved. Or carrying out surface rapid cooling after continuous laser melting to realize surface amorphization treatment.
3. It is also possible to use only abrasive water jets for precision polishing of complex curved surfaces.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the laser-abrasive water jet machining head configuration in step S1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the abrasive water jet machining head configuration in step S1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating motion compensation of the processing trajectory in step S2 according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of multi-axis laser-abrasive water jet machining a complex-profile workpiece in step S3 according to the present invention;
the machining method comprises the following steps of 0-laser and air flow channel, 01-composite machining head fixing bolt hole, 02-abrasive water jet nozzle mounting hole, 1-abrasive water jet nozzle, 11-abrasive water jet flow channel, 2-high pressure air flow, 21-laser beam, 22-abrasive water jet, 3-machine tool Z axis, 31-laser-abrasive water jet composite machining head and 32-complex curved surface part.
Detailed Description
The method of the invention is further explained below with reference to examples and figures.
Please refer to fig. 1 to 4. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the present embodiment are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention, and the components related to the present invention are only shown in the drawings rather than drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the type, quantity and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be changed freely, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.
The invention relates to a multi-axis laser processing technology and an abrasive water jet precision polishing composite processing technology, which are described in detail in the following by combining with specific drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a multi-axis laser processing technique and an abrasive water jet precision polishing composite processing technique, which uses a laser processing technique including the following steps:
s1, assembling a machining head;
s2, setting machining track compensation;
and S3, performing laser-abrasive water jet synchronous machining.
And installing a laser processing head air faucet 0 and an abrasive water jet processing head 1 on the Z axis. Air cock 0 length is 100mm, and the top diameter is 10mm, and the bottom diameter is 2mm, thickness 1mm, and the tapering is 1: 12.5, the material is aluminum alloy, the spot of the laser 21 is 0.5mm after being focused, the pulse width of the laser is about 6ps, the wavelength is 1064nm, the single pulse energy is 50 muJ, and the frequency is 500 KHz. The processing head 2 was internally purged with argon 10 at a pressure of 1.2MPa and a water content of 11.36 g/kg. The abrasive water jet machining head 1 is 50mm in length, 20mm in top end diameter, 5mm in bottom diameter, 2.2mm in hole wall thickness, 0.6mm in nozzle hole diameter, 1MPa in jet 11 pressure, water as jet medium and 3% anhydrous alcohol as surfactant. The abrasive concentration is 8wt%, the abrasive size is 0.5 μm, and the material of the nozzle 1 is silicon carbide ceramic. The distance between the laser spot center and the jet flow center is 20 mm.
And step S2 is executed, processing track compensation is set according to the distance between the jet flow center and the laser spot center, the laser is closed after the laser processing is finished, and the jet flow continues to process until the laser processing track is completely covered. And (3) according to the laser spot center distance and the jet flow center distance in the step (1), setting 20mm compensation amount on the track in the processing process.
And step S3 is executed, the high-temperature alloy impeller S13 is subjected to fine machining, the size diameter of the impeller is 500mm, and the surface roughness Ra after the machining is less than 0.1 mm.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a multi-axis laser processing technique and an abrasive water jet precision polishing composite processing technique, which uses a laser processing technique including the following steps:
s1, assembling a machining head;
s2, setting machining track compensation;
and S3, performing laser-abrasive water jet synchronous machining.
And installing a laser processing head air faucet 0 and an abrasive water jet processing head 1 on the Z axis. Air cock 0 length is 100mm, and the top diameter is 10mm, and the bottom diameter is 2mm, thickness 1mm, and the tapering is 1: 12.5, the material is aluminum alloy, the spot of the laser 21 is 2mm after being focused, the laser pulse width is about 6ps, the wavelength is 1064nm, the single pulse energy is 70 muJ, and the frequency is 300 KHz. The inside of the processing head is aerated with argon gas 11, the pressure is 2.3MPa, and the water content of the gas is 11.36 g/kg. The abrasive water jet machining head 1 is 50mm in length, 20mm in top end diameter, 5mm in bottom diameter, 2.2mm in hole wall thickness, 0.6mm in nozzle hole diameter, 1.5MPa in jet pressure, water as jet medium and 5% anhydrous alcohol as surfactant. The abrasive concentration is 10wt%, the abrasive grain size is 1 μm, and the material of the nozzle 1 is silicon carbide ceramic. The distance between the laser spot center and the jet flow center is 20 mm.
And step S2 is executed, processing track compensation is set according to the distance between the jet flow center and the laser spot center, the laser is closed after the laser processing is finished, and the jet flow continues to process until the laser processing track is completely covered. And (3) according to the laser spot center distance and the jet flow center distance in the step (1), setting 20mm compensation amount on the track in the processing process.
And step S3 is executed, the titanium alloy impeller S13 is subjected to fine machining, the size diameter of the impeller is 300mm, and the surface roughness Ra after the machining is less than 0.1 mm.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a multi-axis laser processing technique and an abrasive water jet precision polishing composite processing technique, which uses a laser processing technique including the following steps:
s1, assembling a machining head;
s2, setting machining track compensation;
and S3, performing laser-abrasive water jet synchronous machining.
And installing a laser processing head air faucet 0 and an abrasive water jet processing head 1 on the Z axis. Air cock 0 length is 100mm, and the top diameter is 10mm, and the bottom diameter is 2mm, thickness 1mm, and the tapering is 1: 12.5, the material is aluminum alloy, the spot of the laser 21 is 1mm after being focused, the laser pulse width is about 6ps, the wavelength is 1064nm, the single pulse energy is 30 muJ, and the frequency is 500 KHz. The processing head is internally aerated with argon, the pressure is 5MPa, and the water content of the gas is 11.36 g/kg. The abrasive water jet machining head 03 is 50mm in length, 20mm in top diameter, 5mm in bottom diameter, 2.2mm in hole wall thickness, 0.6mm in nozzle aperture, 3MPa in jet pressure, water as jet medium and 10% anhydrous alcohol as surfactant. The abrasive concentration is 12wt%, the abrasive grain size is 1.5 μm, and the material of the nozzle 1 is silicon carbide ceramic. The distance between the laser spot center and the jet flow center is 20 mm.
And step S2 is executed, processing track compensation is set according to the distance between the jet flow center and the laser spot center, the laser is closed after the laser processing is finished, and the jet flow continues to process until the laser processing track is completely covered. And (3) according to the laser spot center distance and the jet flow center distance in the step (1), setting 20mm compensation amount on the track in the processing process.
And step S3 is executed, the nickel-based superalloy impeller S13 is subjected to fine machining, the size diameter of the impeller is 700mm, and the surface roughness Ra of the machined impeller is smaller than 0.1 mm.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a multi-axis laser processing technique and an abrasive water jet precision polishing composite processing technique, which uses a laser processing technique including the following steps:
s1, assembling a machining head;
s2, setting machining track compensation;
and S3, performing laser-abrasive water jet synchronous machining.
And installing a laser processing head air faucet 1 and an abrasive water jet processing head 1 on the Z axis. Air cock 01 length is 100mm, and the top diameter is 10mm, and the bottom diameter is 2mm, thickness 1mm, and the tapering is 1: 12.5, the material is aluminum alloy, the laser 21 is focused to form a light spot of 3mm, the laser 21 is focused to form a light spot of 1mm, the laser pulse width is about 6ps, the wavelength is 1064nm, the single pulse energy is 50 muJ, and the frequency is 500 KHz. Argon is introduced into the processing 2 head, the pressure is 4MPa, and the water content of the gas is 11.36 g/kg. The abrasive water jet machining head 03 is 50mm in length, 20mm in top diameter, 5mm in bottom diameter, 2.2mm in hole wall thickness, 0.6mm in nozzle aperture, 1.8MPa in jet pressure, water as jet medium and 7% anhydrous alcohol as surfactant. The abrasive concentration is 8wt%, the abrasive grain size is 1 μm, and the material of the nozzle 1 is silicon carbide ceramic. The distance between the laser spot center and the jet flow center is 20 mm.
And step S2 is executed, processing track compensation is set according to the distance between the jet flow center and the laser spot center, the laser is closed after the laser processing is finished, and the jet flow continues to process until the laser processing track is completely covered. And (3) according to the laser spot center distance and the jet flow center distance in the step (1), setting 20mm compensation amount on the track in the processing process.
And step S3 is executed, the quenched steel die S13 is subjected to finish machining, and the surface roughness Ra is smaller than 0.1mm after machining.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
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| CN113103392B (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2023-12-29 | 南京林业大学 | Method for carrying out composite processing on biomass material by adopting laser and abrasive jet |
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| JPH0237985A (en) * | 1988-07-28 | 1990-02-07 | Hitachi Constr Mach Co Ltd | Laser processing method and device |
| DD288339A5 (en) * | 1989-10-03 | 1991-03-28 | Veb Zentrum Fuer Forschung Und Technik,De | DEVICE FOR REMOVING DRAIN PRODUCTS IN THE CARRYING-OUT LASER MATERIAL PROCESSING |
| DE19643164C2 (en) * | 1996-10-18 | 1998-09-24 | Lctec Laser Und Computertechni | Device and method for the machining of workpieces with a laser beam |
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