CN109048054B - Multi-axis laser-abrasive water jet precise polishing synchronous processing method - Google Patents
Multi-axis laser-abrasive water jet precise polishing synchronous processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109048054B CN109048054B CN201811127218.8A CN201811127218A CN109048054B CN 109048054 B CN109048054 B CN 109048054B CN 201811127218 A CN201811127218 A CN 201811127218A CN 109048054 B CN109048054 B CN 109048054B
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/144—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor the fluid stream containing particles, e.g. powder
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Abstract
The invention provides a multi-axis laser-abrasive water jet precise polishing synchronous processing method, which comprises the following steps: firstly, mounting a laser-air curtain processing head and an abrasive water jet nozzle on a special clamp; then, mounting a clamp provided with a laser-air curtain processing spray head and an abrasive water jet spray head on a Z axis of the multi-axis machine tool; then, during the machining process, machining compensation is set according to the distance between the laser spot center and the water jet spreading area center. And finally, performing laser-abrasive jet polishing synchronous processing according to parameters required by the processing. The invention has simple process, ensures real-time and accurate polishing of a processing area in processing, and increases the processing efficiency while ensuring the polishing uniformity. In the aspect of application expansion, the processing surface modification can be realized by changing the temperature difference between the jet flow or the air flow and the laser processing area synchronously, or the precise polishing of the complex curved surface is carried out only by using the water jet.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser-grinding combined machining, in particular to a multi-axis laser machining technology and an abrasive water jet precision polishing combined machining method, which can be used for carrying out laser-abrasive water jet synchronous machining on a curved surface with a complex contour.
Background
The problems of large resource consumption, poor economy, more unstable factors in the machining quality and the like in the traditional contact machining process are caused by the unavoidable loss of tools. The presence of non-contact machining remedies to some extent the above-mentioned deficiencies of conventional contact machining. The non-contact processing avoids the abrasion of the tool in the processing process, can accurately control the energy source required by the processing, monitors the stability of energy output in real time, and greatly improves the stability of the surface quality of the workpiece. Common non-contact machining includes electric spark machining, laser machining, plasma beam machining, microwave machining and the like, and laser machining is widely applied to manufacturing of mechanical parts by virtue of the characteristics of high machining speed, high power density, strong adaptability to machining materials and the like.
Laser processing belongs to thermal processing. The dimensions of heat transfer during processing also vary greatly depending on the pulse width and the material being processed. After laser processing, especially continuous laser or laser with a large pulse width, a lot of parts inevitably leave a relatively obvious processing trace in a processing area, the surface quality often cannot meet the final requirement, and the common mode is to carry out polishing post-treatment on the surface after laser processing to increase the surface finish. Most of the existing multi-axis water jet composite processing technologies converge laser and water flow to the same point on a workpiece to carry out water jet auxiliary cutting, and water jet cooling and erosion processing of an oxidation area are carried out while laser cutting is carried out; for water-jet guided laser machining, the water-jet guided laser machining device has the characteristics of small heat affected zone, high machining efficiency, good workpiece cooling effect, clean and clean cutting seams and the like, but if abrasive is added, laser is unevenly reflected in jet flow, the quality of light beams reaching the surface of a workpiece is seriously affected, and the water-jet polishing efficiency without the abrasive is also lower. The laser and the abrasive water jet are combined, feeding is carried out coaxially, abrasive water jet polishing of a processing area is carried out immediately after laser processing, the polishing area is larger than a laser spot acting area, and the processing area and a processing heat affected area are completely covered. Because the existence of the air curtain in the processing system enables the laser processing and the abrasive particle water jet processing to be carried out synchronously without influencing each other, the processing efficiency and the processing quality are greatly improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above disadvantages of the existing laser composite processing technology, the present invention aims to provide an efficient and precise multi-axis laser-abrasive water jet precise polishing synchronous processing technology, which comprises the following steps:
s1, assembling a machining head;
s2, setting machining track compensation;
s3, performing laser-abrasive water jet synchronous machining;
the laser processing and the traditional abrasive water jet method are fused, so that the processing efficiency and the processing precision are improved, and the laser processing and the abrasive water jet precision polishing are synchronously carried out. Laser processing head air cock 0 length is 100mm, and the top diameter is 10mm, and the bottom diameter is 2mm, and thickness 1mm, the tapering is 1: 12.5.
preferably, in step S1, a nanosecond laser is used as the laser light source, the nanosecond laser has a smaller heat affected zone than a continuous laser, and the laser cost is lower than that of an ultrafast laser such as picoseconds and femtoseconds. Argon is selected as gas curtain gas, so that the gas curtain is formed to isolate the water jet, and meanwhile, a processing area is protected from being oxidized in the processing process.
Preferably, the processing track in step S2 sets the tool path compensation amount according to the distance between the laser spot center and the water jet action zone center. The laser spot is 0.5-3mm, the laser pulse width is about 6ps, the wavelength is 1064nm, the single pulse energy is 30-70 muJ, and the frequency is 300-500 KHz.
Preferably, in step 3, laser-abrasive water jet synchronous machining is carried out according to the workpiece contour model. The processing head is internally ventilated with argon, the pressure is 1.2-5MPa, and the water content of the gas is 11.36 g/kg; the jet pressure of the abrasive water jet machining head is 1-3MPa, the jet medium is water, and 3-10% of absolute ethyl alcohol is added to be used as a surfactant; the abrasive concentration is 8-12wt%, the abrasive size is 0.5-1 μm, and the distance between the laser spot center and the jet center is 20 mm.
Furthermore, in step S3, the jet pressure is dynamically adjusted in real time according to the different tool paths, so as to ensure that the discrete amount of the acting force of the abrasive jet on the workpiece is within the process requirement.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. different from the traditional laser-water jet machining, the abrasive particles are added in the invention, so that the grinding and polishing efficiency is increased, and meanwhile, the laser and the jet flow are not interfered with each other due to the existence of the protective gas curtain. In the processing process, the laser and the abrasive jet flow are in coaxial asynchronous polishing, so that the laser processing area is immediately polished after being processed, the processing efficiency of a laser with a large heat affected zone can be improved, the diffusion of the heat affected zone can be effectively inhibited, and the surface quality is improved.
2. Can be used for laser processing surface modification; the low-temperature jet flow can be used for erosion, so that the cooling speed of a processing area is accelerated, the residual surface stress distribution of the processing area is adjusted, and the surface hardness and the wear resistance are improved. Or carrying out surface rapid cooling after continuous laser melting to realize surface amorphization treatment.
3. It is also possible to use only abrasive water jets for precision polishing of complex curved surfaces.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the laser-abrasive water jet machining head configuration in step S1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the abrasive water jet machining head configuration in step S1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating motion compensation of the processing trajectory in step S2 according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of multi-axis laser-abrasive water jet machining a complex-profile workpiece in step S3 according to the present invention;
the machining method comprises the following steps of 0-laser and air flow channel, 01-composite machining head fixing bolt hole, 02-abrasive water jet nozzle mounting hole, 1-abrasive water jet nozzle, 11-abrasive water jet flow channel, 2-high pressure air flow, 21-laser beam, 22-abrasive water jet, 3-machine tool Z axis, 31-laser-abrasive water jet composite machining head and 32-complex curved surface part.
Detailed Description
The method of the invention is further explained below with reference to examples and figures.
Please refer to fig. 1 to 4. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the present embodiment are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention, and the components related to the present invention are only shown in the drawings rather than drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the type, quantity and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be changed freely, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.
The invention relates to a multi-axis laser processing technology and an abrasive water jet precision polishing composite processing technology, which are described in detail in the following by combining with specific drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a multi-axis laser processing technique and an abrasive water jet precision polishing composite processing technique, which uses a laser processing technique including the following steps:
s1, assembling a machining head;
s2, setting machining track compensation;
and S3, performing laser-abrasive water jet synchronous machining.
And installing a laser processing head air faucet 0 and an abrasive water jet processing head 1 on the Z axis. Air cock 0 length is 100mm, and the top diameter is 10mm, and the bottom diameter is 2mm, thickness 1mm, and the tapering is 1: 12.5, the material is aluminum alloy, the spot of the laser 21 is 0.5mm after being focused, the pulse width of the laser is about 6ps, the wavelength is 1064nm, the single pulse energy is 50 muJ, and the frequency is 500 KHz. The processing head 2 was internally purged with argon 10 at a pressure of 1.2MPa and a water content of 11.36 g/kg. The abrasive water jet machining head 1 is 50mm in length, 20mm in top end diameter, 5mm in bottom diameter, 2.2mm in hole wall thickness, 0.6mm in nozzle hole diameter, 1MPa in jet 11 pressure, water as jet medium and 3% anhydrous alcohol as surfactant. The abrasive concentration is 8wt%, the abrasive size is 0.5 μm, and the material of the nozzle 1 is silicon carbide ceramic. The distance between the laser spot center and the jet flow center is 20 mm.
And step S2 is executed, processing track compensation is set according to the distance between the jet flow center and the laser spot center, the laser is closed after the laser processing is finished, and the jet flow continues to process until the laser processing track is completely covered. And (3) according to the laser spot center distance and the jet flow center distance in the step (1), setting 20mm compensation amount on the track in the processing process.
And step S3 is executed, the high-temperature alloy impeller S13 is subjected to fine machining, the size diameter of the impeller is 500mm, and the surface roughness Ra after the machining is less than 0.1 mm.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a multi-axis laser processing technique and an abrasive water jet precision polishing composite processing technique, which uses a laser processing technique including the following steps:
s1, assembling a machining head;
s2, setting machining track compensation;
and S3, performing laser-abrasive water jet synchronous machining.
And installing a laser processing head air faucet 0 and an abrasive water jet processing head 1 on the Z axis. Air cock 0 length is 100mm, and the top diameter is 10mm, and the bottom diameter is 2mm, thickness 1mm, and the tapering is 1: 12.5, the material is aluminum alloy, the spot of the laser 21 is 2mm after being focused, the laser pulse width is about 6ps, the wavelength is 1064nm, the single pulse energy is 70 muJ, and the frequency is 300 KHz. The inside of the processing head is aerated with argon gas 11, the pressure is 2.3MPa, and the water content of the gas is 11.36 g/kg. The abrasive water jet machining head 1 is 50mm in length, 20mm in top end diameter, 5mm in bottom diameter, 2.2mm in hole wall thickness, 0.6mm in nozzle hole diameter, 1.5MPa in jet pressure, water as jet medium and 5% anhydrous alcohol as surfactant. The abrasive concentration is 10wt%, the abrasive grain size is 1 μm, and the material of the nozzle 1 is silicon carbide ceramic. The distance between the laser spot center and the jet flow center is 20 mm.
And step S2 is executed, processing track compensation is set according to the distance between the jet flow center and the laser spot center, the laser is closed after the laser processing is finished, and the jet flow continues to process until the laser processing track is completely covered. And (3) according to the laser spot center distance and the jet flow center distance in the step (1), setting 20mm compensation amount on the track in the processing process.
And step S3 is executed, the titanium alloy impeller S13 is subjected to fine machining, the size diameter of the impeller is 300mm, and the surface roughness Ra after the machining is less than 0.1 mm.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a multi-axis laser processing technique and an abrasive water jet precision polishing composite processing technique, which uses a laser processing technique including the following steps:
s1, assembling a machining head;
s2, setting machining track compensation;
and S3, performing laser-abrasive water jet synchronous machining.
And installing a laser processing head air faucet 0 and an abrasive water jet processing head 1 on the Z axis. Air cock 0 length is 100mm, and the top diameter is 10mm, and the bottom diameter is 2mm, thickness 1mm, and the tapering is 1: 12.5, the material is aluminum alloy, the spot of the laser 21 is 1mm after being focused, the laser pulse width is about 6ps, the wavelength is 1064nm, the single pulse energy is 30 muJ, and the frequency is 500 KHz. The processing head is internally aerated with argon, the pressure is 5MPa, and the water content of the gas is 11.36 g/kg. The abrasive water jet machining head 03 is 50mm in length, 20mm in top diameter, 5mm in bottom diameter, 2.2mm in hole wall thickness, 0.6mm in nozzle aperture, 3MPa in jet pressure, water as jet medium and 10% anhydrous alcohol as surfactant. The abrasive concentration is 12wt%, the abrasive grain size is 1.5 μm, and the material of the nozzle 1 is silicon carbide ceramic. The distance between the laser spot center and the jet flow center is 20 mm.
And step S2 is executed, processing track compensation is set according to the distance between the jet flow center and the laser spot center, the laser is closed after the laser processing is finished, and the jet flow continues to process until the laser processing track is completely covered. And (3) according to the laser spot center distance and the jet flow center distance in the step (1), setting 20mm compensation amount on the track in the processing process.
And step S3 is executed, the nickel-based superalloy impeller S13 is subjected to fine machining, the size diameter of the impeller is 700mm, and the surface roughness Ra of the machined impeller is smaller than 0.1 mm.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a multi-axis laser processing technique and an abrasive water jet precision polishing composite processing technique, which uses a laser processing technique including the following steps:
s1, assembling a machining head;
s2, setting machining track compensation;
and S3, performing laser-abrasive water jet synchronous machining.
And installing a laser processing head air faucet 1 and an abrasive water jet processing head 1 on the Z axis. Air cock 01 length is 100mm, and the top diameter is 10mm, and the bottom diameter is 2mm, thickness 1mm, and the tapering is 1: 12.5, the material is aluminum alloy, the laser 21 is focused to form a light spot of 3mm, the laser 21 is focused to form a light spot of 1mm, the laser pulse width is about 6ps, the wavelength is 1064nm, the single pulse energy is 50 muJ, and the frequency is 500 KHz. Argon is introduced into the processing 2 head, the pressure is 4MPa, and the water content of the gas is 11.36 g/kg. The abrasive water jet machining head 03 is 50mm in length, 20mm in top diameter, 5mm in bottom diameter, 2.2mm in hole wall thickness, 0.6mm in nozzle aperture, 1.8MPa in jet pressure, water as jet medium and 7% anhydrous alcohol as surfactant. The abrasive concentration is 8wt%, the abrasive grain size is 1 μm, and the material of the nozzle 1 is silicon carbide ceramic. The distance between the laser spot center and the jet flow center is 20 mm.
And step S2 is executed, processing track compensation is set according to the distance between the jet flow center and the laser spot center, the laser is closed after the laser processing is finished, and the jet flow continues to process until the laser processing track is completely covered. And (3) according to the laser spot center distance and the jet flow center distance in the step (1), setting 20mm compensation amount on the track in the processing process.
And step S3 is executed, the quenched steel die S13 is subjected to finish machining, and the surface roughness Ra is smaller than 0.1mm after machining.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A multi-axis laser-abrasive water jet precise polishing synchronous processing method is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1, assembling a machining head; s2, setting machining track compensation; s3, performing laser-abrasive water jet synchronous machining; the processing head comprises a laser processing head and an abrasive water jet processing head, and the length of an air nozzle of the laser processing head and the length of a spray head of the abrasive water jet processing head are selected according to the specific contour of a processed workpiece; the air cock length of laser beam machining head is 100mm, and the top diameter is 10mm, and the bottom diameter is 2mm, and thickness 1mm, the tapering is 1: 12.5; argon is introduced into the laser processing head, the pressure is 1.2-5MPa, and the water content of the gas is 11.36 g/kg; the jet pressure of the abrasive water jet machining head is 1-3MPa, the jet medium is water, 3-10% of absolute ethyl alcohol is added to serve as a surfactant, the abrasive concentration is 8-12wt%, the abrasive size is 0.5-1 mu m, and the distance between the laser spot center and the abrasive water jet center is 20 mm; setting machining track compensation according to the distance between the laser spot center and the abrasive water jet center; the laser pulse width is 6ps, the wavelength is 1064nm, the single pulse energy is 30-70 muJ, and the frequency is 300-500 KHz; and the multi-axis laser-abrasive water jet precision polishing synchronous processing method is used for manufacturing the impeller.
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| EP3722887A1 (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2020-10-14 | Rolex Sa | Method for manufacturing a turning surface of a timepiece component |
| CN110153708B (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2020-06-05 | 孙树峰 | Laser-jet liquid beam self-generated abrasive flow composite machining head and working method |
| CN113103392B (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2023-12-29 | 南京林业大学 | Method for carrying out composite processing on biomass material by adopting laser and abrasive jet |
| CN112775563B (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2023-05-05 | 西安晟光硅研半导体科技有限公司 | Unidirectional four-layer bidirectional eight-stage step cutting process for silicon carbide wafer |
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| JPH0237985A (en) * | 1988-07-28 | 1990-02-07 | Hitachi Constr Mach Co Ltd | Method and device for laser beam processing |
| DD288339A5 (en) * | 1989-10-03 | 1991-03-28 | Veb Zentrum Fuer Forschung Und Technik,De | DEVICE FOR REMOVING DRAIN PRODUCTS IN THE CARRYING-OUT LASER MATERIAL PROCESSING |
| DE19643164C2 (en) * | 1996-10-18 | 1998-09-24 | Lctec Laser Und Computertechni | Device and method for the machining of workpieces with a laser beam |
| CN103740894A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-04-23 | 唐山轨道客车有限责任公司 | Laser shock strengthening device and water spray pipe thereof |
| CN108326554B (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2024-05-10 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Laser water jet composite machining system |
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