CN105543839B - A kind of gradient wear-resistant coating and the method for preparing gradient wear-resistant coating - Google Patents

A kind of gradient wear-resistant coating and the method for preparing gradient wear-resistant coating Download PDF

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CN105543839B
CN105543839B CN201511017713.XA CN201511017713A CN105543839B CN 105543839 B CN105543839 B CN 105543839B CN 201511017713 A CN201511017713 A CN 201511017713A CN 105543839 B CN105543839 B CN 105543839B
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cladding
laser
powder
electromagnetic induction
numerical control
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CN105543839A (en
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石岩
李云峰
刘佳
张宏
刘双宇
刘凤德
倪聪
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Changchun University of Science and Technology
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Changchun University of Science and Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/07—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0005—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with at least one oxide and at least one of carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
    • C23C28/027—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material including at least one metal matrix material comprising a mixture of at least two metals or metal phases or metal matrix composites, e.g. metal matrix with embedded inorganic hard particles, CERMET, MMC.
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
    • C23C28/028—Including graded layers in composition or in physical properties, e.g. density, porosity, grain size

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of gradient wear-resistant coating and the method for preparing gradient wear-resistant coating, use Co50+0.15%CeO2 powder, Co50+0.25%CeO2+6%Ni/WC powder and Co50+0.4%CeO2+12%Ni/WC powder to prepare the gradient wear-resistant coating with bottom, transition zone and wear-resisting Rotating fields in workpiece surface laser melting coating in a manner of coaxial powder-feeding, realize the lifting of parts working surface abrasion resistance properties.Ultrasonic vibration installation and Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heater are used in cladding process.A certain degree of supersonic oscillations are applied to workpiece cladding area near zone, cladding layer grain size can be significantly refined, eliminate residual stress, is produced so as to reduce crackle, obtains cladding Rotating fields of good performance.The thermal stress that cladding layer thermograde brings can be effectively reduced using Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heater, alleviates tearing tendency.The technological parameter of ultrasonic vibration installation is：Working frequency is 10~20kHz, and peak power output 1000W, Pneumatic pressure is 0.3~0.6MPa.Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heater technological parameter is：Voltage is 380V, frequency 60Hz, heating temperature range are 150~1000 DEG C.

Description

A kind of gradient wear-resistant coating and the method for preparing gradient wear-resistant coating
Technical field
The invention belongs to material processing field, is related to one kind and is aided in using ultrasonic vibration and Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heating The method that the technology of laser melting coating prepares gradient wear-resistant coating, including the design side of gradient wear-resistant coating powdered ingredients and structure Method, in terms of this method is applied to cladding laser surfaces processing.
Background technology
Laser melting and coating technique is a kind of advanced surface strengthening technology, by different adding material modes by cladding matrix table Face places selected coating material and is allowed to and matrix surface thin layer while melts through laser irradiation, and is quickly formed after solidification dilute It is extremely low and the face coat of metallurgical binding is formed with matrix to release rate, the coating formed has more preferable wear-resisting, corrosion resistance, resistance to The performance such as impact, high temperature resistant, anti-oxidant.With built-up welding, spraying, plating and gas phase sedimentary facies ratio, laser melting coating have dilution factor it is small, Dense structure, coating and matrix are combined, are adapted to the features such as material of cladding is more, granularity and changes of contents are big, therefore laser Melting and coating technique application prospect is very wide.
Gradient coating technology is primarily referred to as being formed the coating of powdered ingredients gradual change on matrix material.Gradient coating now Main direction of studying is mutually to obtain mode with toughness reinforcing by addition or spontaneous enhancing to realize institutional framework and related physical in the coating The gradual change of chemical property, the adhesion strength of two kinds of incompatible materials can be greatly improved, reduce residual stress and thermal stress, disappear Except connecting material median surface crosspoint and the Stress singularity of the free end points of stress.While bonding strength is strengthened, reduce Cracks deflection and bridge.The present invention is successfully realized the preparation of flawless defect cladding layer using gradient coating technology, is ensureing hardness While with wearability, alleviate coating cracking tendency.
Ultrasonic activation is a kind of advanced vibrotechnique, and ultrasonic wave is one kind of sound wave, has frequency height, penetration capacity The features such as strong.It is demonstrated experimentally that when ultrasonic wave is applied on material, its caused ultrasonic vibration can change the original structure of material Make, reduce its resistance of deformation, crystal grain refinement in cladding layer can be made, eliminate residual stress and produced so as to reduce crackle.So this Invention carries out laser melting coating using ultrasonic assistive technologies, and it is high to obtain surface smoothness, flawless, slag inclusion, and crystal grain is uniform The cladding Rotating fields of refinement, there is good mechanical property.
Electromagnetic induction heating is ripe and extensive utilization a heating technique, is existed by advanced circuit system Heated metal inside produces high frequency magnetic field, and high frequency magnetic field produces high according to high-frequency induction principle in heated metal inside Band electronic collides, and metal temperature is increased rapidly so as to produce heat, heating temperature range is at 100~1000 DEG C.Due to being high Frequency principle of induction, high frequency coil discord are heated metal and directly contacted, so system thermal radiation temperature itself is close to environment temperature, Only less than 50 DEG C, human body can touch completely.Electromagnetic induction heater is used effectively to eliminate in cladding process molten The thermograde of coating, thermal stress is eliminated, produced so as to reduce crackle, be to improve coating crack and the ideal technology of surface quality Method.
Chinese patent CN203923374U discloses a kind of device of mechanical oscillation auxiliary laser cladding axial workpiece, utilizes The device synchronizes mechanical oscillation laser melting coating to axial workpiece, to realize crystal grain thinning, eliminate residual stress, reduction crackle Purpose.But due to mechanical oscillation frequency typically only tens Hz, there is provided vibrational energy be restricted.The present invention utilizes Ultrasonic vibration auxiliary laser cladding, frequency is up to 20kHz, and vibrational energy is big, and the formation to cladding layer has more preferable effect.
Chinese patent CN103305828A discloses the devices and methods therefor that a kind of ultrasonic impact strengthens laser cladding layer, its Laser cladding layer is acted on using ultrasonic impact after the completion of one of laser melting coating, during multiple tracks Multilayer Laser Cladding, laser Cladding and ultrasonic impact are alternately.The present invention is laser melting coating with ultrasonic vibration while carrying out, and is melted in cladding material solidifying Solid overall process in ultrasonic vibration continuous action, can crystal grain formation during realize crystal grain refinement, eliminate residual stress.
Chinese patent CN104451673A, which discloses a kind of synchronizing ultrasound vibration auxiliary laser technology and prepares ultrahigh hardness, to be melted The method of coating, wherein wear-resistant coating is prepared using the mode of ultrasonic vibration fore-put powder, but the laser of fore-put powder method utilizes For rate than relatively low, laser energy, the energy of cladding material spatter loss reflected is more.Cladding layer scaling loss is serious, matrix surface Heating is slow, and degree of heat is relatively low, and cladding layer is also easy to produce stomata, deformation, cracking, and it is dilute to produce the larger cladding layer of slag inclusion tendency The rate of releasing is difficult to control, and complex technical process is not easy to realize.Because cladding powder is to be coated uniformly on matrix surface, therefore in ultrasound During effect of vibration, fore-put powder layer can peel off because of high frequency high vibration, cause cladding layer not formed.The present invention makes With synchronous coaxial powder-feeding mode, there is greater advantage compared with fore-put powder method.Cladding material melts simultaneously with matrix material, formability It is good, cladding speed is fast, scaling loss is light, cladding material and base material reach that metallurgical binding, microstructure of surface cladding layer are tiny, intensity is high, cladding material Material composition facilitates adjustable.Cladding powder is not influenceed by ultrasonic vibration.
Chinese patent CN103898503A discloses a kind of method that induction composite cladding of laser one repairs shaft element, Sensing heating is carried out to Axle Parts using electromagnetic induction coil in laser cladding process, reduced to reach in cladding process Caused thermograde, so as to which Crack prevention generates.The axle class portion of electromagnetic induction coil in the heating means to ordinary construction Part is relatively applicable.For the axial workpiece with labyrinth, work surface is in irregular shape, coil and heat parts surface Distance can not be consistent, cause piece surface uneven heating.
The content of the invention
The technology of the present invention solution：Overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of gradient wear-resistant coating and preparation gradient The method of wear-resistant coating, the wearability of matrix is not only increased, also there is impact resistance, corrosion-resistant, high temperature resistant etc. to a certain extent Excellent properties, it can be properly arrived at and reduce thermograde, the effect of Crack prevention generation.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes is：
The present invention relates to a kind of ultrasonic vibration and Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heating auxiliary laser cladding preparation gradient are wear-resisting The system of coating, such as Fig. 1, it includes numerical control operating equipment 1, digital control computer 2, CO2Laser 3, scroll chuck 4, cladding matrix 5th, laser refraction mirror 6, coaxial powder-feeding laser head 7, tool heads 8, argon gas gas cylinder 9, synchronous powder feeder 10, ultrasonic transformer 11, transducer 12nd, positioning fixture 13, horizontal shifting platform 14, supersonic generator 15, electromagnetic induction heating coil 16, infrared temperature probe 17th, numerical control table, NC table 18；
The numerical control operating equipment 1, CO2Laser 3, scroll chuck 4, laser refraction mirror 6, coaxial powder-feeding laser head 7, number Control workbench 18 and form CO2Laser numerical control processing apparatus, CO2The laser beam that laser 3 is sent is by laser refraction mirror 6 and together Axle powder-feeding laser first 7 is irradiated to cladding matrix, and numerical control operating equipment 1 controls numerical control table, NC table 18, scroll chuck 4 and coaxial powder-feeding The motion mode of laser head 7；
The supersonic generator 15, horizontal shifting platform 14, positioning fixture 13, transducer 12, ultrasonic transformer 11, tool heads 8 composition ultrasonic vibration installations, transducer 12, ultrasonic transformer 11 and tool heads 8 are sequentially connected composition vibration unit, supersonic generator 15 connect vibration unit by signal transmssion line, and vibration unit is fixed by positioning fixture 13 and the phase of horizontal shifting platform 14, water Translate moving platform 14 again with CO2The phase of numerical control table, NC table 18 of laser numerical control processing apparatus is fixed, and the above is bolted；
The infrared temperature probe 17, electromagnetic induction heating coil 16 and digital control computer 2 form Contour extraction electromagnetic induction Heater, digital control computer 2 connect infrared temperature probe 17 and electromagnetic induction heating coil 16 by signal transmssion line.Pass through numerical control Computer 2 controls the heating track of electromagnetic induction heating coil 16 and treats that cladding surface outline is consistent and coil distance all the time 5~10mm of cladding surface is treated, coil heats temperature is then passed back digital control computer 2 to realize temperature by infrared temperature probe 17 in real time Control；
The argon gas gas cylinder 9 is connected with coaxial powder-feeding laser head 7 and synchronous powder feeder 10 respectively, synchronous powder feeder 10 with it is same Axle powder-feeding laser first 7 is connected, and argon gas gas cylinder 9 blows argon gas by cladding region of the coaxial powder-feeding laser head 7 to cladding matrix and protected Gas is protected, synchronous powder feeder 10 blows cladding powder, cladding matrix by cladding region of the coaxial powder-feeding laser head 7 to cladding matrix 5 are clamped on scroll chuck 4；
The positioning fixture 13 includes a substrate fastening bolt of substrate clamp nut 23, four of positioning substrate 22, four 24th, lower 27, two guide-localization studs of gripping block of a height regulation stud 26, one of substrate height locking nut 25, one 28th, 31, two guiding locking nuts of the lower gripping block height locking nut of a pinching screw 30, one of upper clamping block 29, two 32nd, two guiding grip gaskets 35 of substrate fastening gasket 34, two of lock washer 33, four.Wherein positioning substrate 22 passes through four Individual 23, four substrate fastening bolts 24 of substrate clamp nut are fixed with four substrate fastening gaskets 34 with horizontal shifting platform 14, Positioning substrate 22 is connected with lower gripping block 27 by height regulation stud 26.When height regulation finishes, by two guide-localizations Stud 28 is oriented to locking nut 32 by two and two are oriented to lock washer 33 and are fixed with the positioning phase of substrate 22.By vibration unit Upper clamping block 29 is clamped in in the holes for clamping among lower gripping block 27, passing through two pinching screws 30 and two grip gaskets 35 Realize and clamp.The positioning fixture 13 can with the regulation in first 8 short transverse of implementation tool, and ensure tool heads 8 all the time perpendicular to The axis of cladding matrix 5, horizontal shifting platform 14, which can make tool, first 8 realizes one-way movement in the horizontal plane；
The horizontal shifting platform 14, it mainly moves rotating handles 37 by the T-shaped mobile station 36 of X-axis, X-axis, XY axles move 40, four guide table 38, Y-axis movement rotating handles 39, Y-axis mobile station fastening bolts 41 form.Wherein X-axis movement rotating handles 37 distinguish the movement of the X-axis and Y-axis of controlled level mobile work platform with Y-axis movement rotating handles 39, and horizontal shifting platform 14 is logical Cross four fastening bolts 41 and CO2The phase of numerical control table, NC table 18 of laser numerical control processing apparatus is fixed；
The present invention relates to a kind of ultrasonic vibration and Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heating auxiliary laser cladding preparation gradient are wear-resisting Coating, the gradient wear-resistant coating are divided into four layers, including bottom, two layers of transition zone and wearing layer.Wherein, bottom uses Co50+ 0.15%CeO2Powder, transition zone use Co50+0.25%CeO2+ 6%Ni/WC powder, the wearing layer on upper strata use Co50+ 0.4%CeO2+ 12%Ni/WC powder.During bottom laser melting coating using 12~22% big dilution rate, it is ensured that formed with matrix good Good metallurgical binding, and the thermal coefficient of expansion of bottom is reduced cladding layer tearing tendency caused by residual stress close to mother metal.Two Layer transition zone is prepared using 6~8% small dilution rate laser melting coatings, improves hardometer anti-wear performance.Laser melts on transition zone The small dilution rate wearing layer of preparation 5~7% is covered, due to the gradual increase of WC content, while hardness and wear resistance can improve, is delayed The tearing tendency of coating is solved.Wherein, bottom laser melting coating parameter is：Laser power 1700W~1900W, sweep speed 270~ 290mm/min, powder feeding 0.5~0.7r/min of rate, 4~5mm of spot diameter, overlapping rate 40%~50%, melts high 0.3~0.5mm； Transition zone laser melting coating parameter is：Laser power 1600W~1800W, 270~290mm/min of sweep speed, powder feeding rate 0.6~ 0.8r/min, 4~5mm of spot diameter, overlapping rate 40%~50%, melt high 0.7~0.9mm；Wearing layer laser melting coating parameter is： Laser power 2000W~2200W, 270~290mm/min of sweep speed, powder feeding 0.7~0.9r/min of rate, spot diameter 4~ 5mm, overlapping rate 40%~50%, melt high 1.0~1.2mm.It is argon gas that powder is carried in laser cladding process with protection gas, powder feeding gas Flow 700L/h, shield gas flow rate 14L/min；
The Co50 alloy powders chemical composition is (being calculated by weight/mass percentage composition)：Cr：21.6%, Ni：10.4%, Si：1.8%, B：2.55%, C：0.1%, W：5.62%, Co surplus；
The Ni/WC powder chemistries composition is (being calculated by weight/mass percentage composition)：C：1.5~3.0%, B：1.5~ 3.5%, Si：1.0~4.0%, Fe<14%, Cr：8.0~12.0%, W：5.62%, Ni：Surplus；
Specific implementation step is as follows：
(1) powder for preparing gradient wear-resistant coating is prepared, then carries out ball milling, drying；
(2) treat cladding matrix to be pre-processed, with sand paper polishing cladding surface, then clean surface, installation with acetone Corresponding auxiliary mould fixture.Then the pre-heat treatment, horizontal shifting platform and CO are carried out to cladding matrix2Laser digital control processing The numerical control table, NC table of device is mutually fixed, and vibration unit is mutually fixed by positioning fixture with horizontal shifting platform；
(3) tool heads are pressed on by the cladding matrix clamping after preheating on scroll chuck using horizontal shifting platform On cladding matrix, synchronous powder feeder and argon gas gas cylinder are opened, starts CO2Laser, numerical control operating equipment, supersonic generator with Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heater, treating cladding surface laser cladding preparation gradient wear-resistant coating.Using Co50+0.15% CeO2Powder melting bottom, second and third layer are that transition zone uses Co50+0.25%CeO2Prepared by+6%Ni/WC powder, use Co50+0.4%CeO2+ 12%Ni/WC powder prepares the wearing layer of outer surface.Numerical control operating equipment control numerical control table, NC table, three Dog chuck is moved with coaxial powder-feeding laser head according to numerical control program.Argon gas gas cylinder be continuously coaxial powder-feeding laser head with it is synchronous Powder feeder supplies, and synchronous powder feeder blows cladding powder by coaxial powder-feeding laser head to cladding regional sustained, and argon gas gas cylinder leads to Cross cladding region of the coaxial powder-feeding laser head to cladding matrix and blow argon gas protection gas, powder feeding gas are respectively with protection air-flow amount 700L/h and 14L/min.Tool heads apply ultrasonic vibration to regional sustained of the cladding matrix close to cladding area, and vibration frequency is 15kHz.The track that Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heater is heated by digital control computer control coil is all the time with treating outside cladding surface Contour shape is consistent, and distance treats 5~10mm of cladding surface to coil all the time, and cladding area is controlled using infrared temperature probe Domain is inductively heated temperature as 800 DEG C, and coil continuous heating cladding region to cladding is terminated；
(4) at the end of prepared by gradient wear-resistant coating, CO is simultaneously closed off2Laser, numerical control operating device, supersonic generator With Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heater.Then, argon gas gas cylinder and synchronous powder feeder are closed.To the cladding matrix after laser melting coating Isothermal holding, then furnace cooling are carried out, until all preparations treated cladding surface and complete gradient wear-resistant coating, step are same as above；
The ultrasonic vibration technological parameter is：Operating frequency range is 10~20kHz, peak power output 1000W, gas Dynamic pressure is 0.3~0.6MPa；
The electromagnetic induction heater technological parameter is：Operating voltage is 380V, frequency 60Hz, heating temperature range 150~1000 DEG C.
The present invention has the advantages that：
(1) wearability of matrix is not only increased using laser melting and coating technique preparation gradient wear-resistant coating, to a certain extent Also there are the excellent properties such as impact resistance, corrosion-resistant, high temperature resistant, because the physical and chemical performance of gradient coating is from matrix to outermost layer It is distributed in the gradient of gradual change, effectively reduces the thermal stress and interfacial stress between unlike material coating, incline so as to alleviate cracking To improving the performance of cladding layer；
(2) in laser cladding process, using synchronous coaxial powder-feeding mode, there is greater advantage compared with fore-put powder method.Cladding material Material melts simultaneously with matrix material, formability is good, cladding speed is fast, scaling loss is light, cladding material and matrix reach metallurgical binding, melted Coating fine microstructures, intensity height, cladding material composition and powder sending quantity facilitate adjustable.Cladding powder is not by ultrasonic vibration and electromagnetism sense The influence that should be heated；
(3) in laser cladding process, after regional sustained application ultrasonic vibration near matrix cladding area, cladding layer is alleviated Residual stress, reduce crackle generation., can be in grain shaped due to being that the overall process formed in molten bath to solidification applies ultrasonic vibration It is during that thick column crystal, branch crystal oscillator is broken, so as to produce more nucleus, tiny equiax crystal is formed, is realized with this Refine the purpose of cladding layer internal grain；
(4) track and the overseas wheel in cladding area are heated by the digital control computer control coil of Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heater Profile shape is consistent, and realizes the uniform heating in cladding region so as to improve clad layer surface quality, while reduce matrix cladding During thermograde caused by rapid cooling, eliminate thermal stress, reduce crackle；
(5) the cam edge collapse protective case in embodiment 1 be effectively protected cam will not be because of in cladding process Laser irradiates and collapsing of the edges phenomenon occurs, in addition, because protection cover material is red copper, therefore can be faster by matrix Caused heat loses in cladding process, accelerates consolidation speed, so as to crystal grain thinning.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that ultrasonic vibration of the present invention prepares gradient wear-resistant coating with the cladding of Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heating auxiliary laser The schematic diagram of system；
Fig. 2 is that the high-pressure oil pump cam surface of camshaft laser melting coating of embodiment 1 prepares gradient wear-resistant coating schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is that the automobile engine crankshaft surface laser cladding of embodiment 2 prepares gradient wear-resistant coating schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is that the automobile gearbox multi-diameter shaft surface laser cladding of embodiment 3 prepares gradient wear-resistant coating schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is gradient wear-resistant coating pattern schematic diagram in the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the assembling schematic diagram of ultrasonic oscillating unit and positioning fixture and horizontal shifting platform in the present invention, wherein work Have first 8, ultrasonic transformer 11 and form vibration unit with transducer 12；
Fig. 7 is positioning fixture schematic diagram in the present invention.Wherein a is positioning fixture front view, and b is positioning fixture left view, c For positioning fixture top view, d is positioning fixture shaft side figure；
Fig. 8 is horizontal shifting platform schematic diagram in the present invention, and wherein a is horizontal shifting platform front view, and b is to move horizontally Platform left view, c are horizontal shifting platform top view, and d is horizontal shifting platform shaft side figure；
Fig. 9 is the high-pressure oil pump camshaft schematic diagram of embodiment 1 in the present invention, and wherein a is high-pressure oil pump camshaft main view Figure, b is high-pressure oil pump camshaft Section A-A figure, and c is high-pressure oil pump camshaft B-B cam section figures, and d is high-pressure oil pump cam Axle C-C sectional views；
Figure 10 is the automobile engine crankshaft schematic diagram of embodiment 2 in the present invention, and wherein a is automobile engine crankshaft main view Figure, b is automobile engine crankshaft D-D sectional views, and c is automobile engine crankshaft E-E bent axle cladding surface sections figures, and d is automobile Engine crankshaft F-F sectional views；
Figure 11 is the automobile gearbox multi-diameter shaft schematic diagram of embodiment 3 in the present invention, and wherein a is automobile gearbox multi-diameter shaft Front view, b are automobile gearbox multi-diameter shaft G-G sectional views, and c is automobile gearbox multi-diameter shaft H-H sectional views；
Figure 12 is to show in the present invention for the edge collapse shield jig 21 of high-pressure oil pump cam of camshaft shape design It is intended to, wherein a is edge collapse shield jig front view, and b is edge collapse shield jig left view；
Figure 13 is to show in the present invention for the edge collapse shield jig 19 of high-pressure oil pump cam of camshaft shape design It is intended to, wherein a is edge collapse shield jig front view, and b is edge collapse shield jig left view；
Figure 14 is mesohigh cam of injection pump axle afterbody three-jaw auxiliary clamp schematic diagram of the present invention；
Figure 15 is automobile engine crankshaft afterbody three-jaw auxiliary clamp schematic diagram in the present invention, and wherein a is three-jaw additional lock Have I-I sectional views, b is three-jaw auxiliary clamp front view；
Figure 16 is automobile gearbox multi-diameter shaft afterbody three-jaw auxiliary clamp schematic diagram in the present invention, and wherein a aids in for three-jaw Fixture J-J sectional views, b are three-jaw auxiliary clamp front view.
Embodiment
Using high-pressure oil pump camshaft as embodiment 1, embodiment：
High-pressure oil pump camshaft, cam face is complicated, and cladding surface belongs to complex revolving body curved surface, as more than use invented In induction heating method the uneven heating of cam male and fomale(M＆F) can be made even, increase thermograde, cause cladding layer to ftracture.So this Invention heats cam using Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heater in cladding process, passes through Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heater Digital control computer coil heats track is consistent with cam outline, reduction thermograde can be properly arrived at, kept away Exempt from the effect of crackle generation.
As shown in Fig. 2 high-pressure oil pump cam surface of camshaft laser melting coating prepares the schematic diagram of gradient wear-resistant coating, it is related to The system that a kind of ultrasonic vibration prepares gradient wear-resistant coating with the cladding of Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heating auxiliary laser, it includes number Control operation equipment 1, digital control computer 2, CO2Laser 3, scroll chuck 4, high-pressure oil pump camshaft 5, laser refraction mirror 6, coaxially send Powder laser head 7, tool heads 8, argon gas gas cylinder 9, synchronous powder feeder 10, ultrasonic transformer 11, transducer 12, positioning fixture 13, horizontal shifting Moving platform 14, supersonic generator 15, electromagnetic induction heating coil 16, infrared temperature probe 17, numerical control table, NC table 18, edge are prevented Collapse shield jig 19, three-jaw auxiliary clamp 20, edge collapse shield jig 21；
The numerical control operating equipment 1, CO2Laser 3, scroll chuck 4, laser refraction mirror 6, coaxial powder-feeding laser head 7, number Control workbench 18 and form CO2Laser numerical control processing apparatus, CO2The laser beam that laser 3 is sent is by laser refraction mirror 6 and together Axle powder-feeding laser first 7 is irradiated to the cam face of high-pressure oil pump camshaft 5, and numerical control operating equipment 1 controls numerical control table, NC table 18, three The motion mode of dog chuck 4 and coaxial powder-feeding laser head 7；
The supersonic generator 15, horizontal shifting platform 14, positioning fixture 13, transducer 12, ultrasonic transformer 11, tool heads 8 composition ultrasonic vibration apparatus, transducer 12, ultrasonic transformer 11 and tool heads 8 are sequentially connected composition vibration unit, and ultrasonic wave occurs Device 15 connects vibration unit by signal transmssion line, and vibration unit is fixed by positioning fixture 13 and horizontal shifting platform 14, water Translate moving platform 14 again with CO2The numerical control table, NC table 18 of laser numerical control processing apparatus is fixed, and the above is bolted；
The infrared temperature probe 17, electromagnetic induction heating coil 16 and digital control computer 2 form Contour extraction electromagnetic induction Heater, digital control computer 2 connect infrared temperature probe 17 and electromagnetic induction heating coil 16 by signal transmssion line.Pass through numerical control The heating track of the control electromagnetic induction heating coil 16 of computer 2 is consistent with cam face outline and coil is all the time apart from convex Coil heats temperature is then passed back digital control computer 2 to realize temperature control by 5~10mm of wheel surface, infrared temperature probe 17 in real time System；
The argon gas gas cylinder 9 is connected with coaxial powder-feeding laser head 7 and synchronous powder feeder 10 respectively, synchronous powder feeder 10 with it is same Axle powder-feeding laser first 7 is connected, and argon gas gas cylinder 9 is blowed by the cam face of coaxial powder-feeding laser head 7 to high-pressure oil pump camshaft 5 Argon gas protects gas, and synchronous powder feeder 10 blows cladding by the cam face of coaxial powder-feeding laser head 7 to high-pressure oil pump camshaft 5 Powder；
The positioning fixture 13, the positioning fixture that the present invention designs include 22, four substrate fastening spiral shells of a positioning substrate Clamped under female 23, four height regulation studs 26, one of substrate height locking nut 25, one of substrate fastening bolt 24, one The lower gripping block height locking screw of the pinching screw 30, one of upper clamping block 29, two of guide-localization stud 28, one of block 27, two Female 31, two are oriented to 32, two guiding grip gaskets 35 of substrate fastening gasket 34, two of lock washer 33, four of locking nut. Wherein position substrate 22 by four substrate clamp nuts, 23, four substrate fastening bolts 24 and four substrate fastening gaskets 34 and Horizontal shifting platform 14 is fixed, and positioning substrate 22 is connected with lower gripping block 27 by height regulation stud 26.When highly having adjusted Bi Shi, two guide-localization studs 28 are oriented to locking nut 32 by two and two are oriented to lock washer 33 and positioning substrate 22 phases are fixed.Vibration unit is clamped in upper clamping block 29 with the holes for clamping among lower gripping block 27, passing through two clamping spiral shells Nail 30 and two grip gaskets 35 are realized and clamped.The positioning fixture 13 can be with the regulation in first 8 short transverse of implementation tool, and really Tool heads 8 are protected all the time perpendicular to the axis of high-pressure oil pump camshaft 5, horizontal shifting platform 14 can make tool first 8 realization in water One-way movement in plane；
The horizontal shifting platform 14, it mainly moves rotating handles 37 by the T-shaped mobile station 36 of X-axis, X-axis, XY axles move 40, four guide table 38, Y-axis movement rotating handles 39, Y-axis mobile station fastening bolts 41 form.Wherein X-axis movement rotating handles 37 distinguish the movement of the X-axis and Y-axis of controlled level mobile work platform with Y-axis movement rotating handles 39, and horizontal shifting platform 14 is logical Cross four fastening bolts 41 and CO2The phase of numerical control table, NC table 18 of laser numerical control processing apparatus is fixed；
The edge collapse shield jig 19, wherein 42 be pinching screw, 43 be three identical clampings of shape Block.Three gripping blocks 43 of the shield jig 19 are installed on during use and treat cladding cam close to the end face of another cam side, The clamping of protective case is realized using pinching screw 42；
The edge collapse shield jig 21, wherein 42 be pinching screw.The shield jig 21 is installed on during use Cam realizes the clamping of protective case using pinching screw 42 close to the end face of shaft end side；
The edge collapse shield jig 19 distinguishes clamping in high-pressure oil pump cam with edge collapse shield jig 21 Axle 5 treats cladding cam both sides, and in tail end installation three-jaw auxiliary clamp 20, high-pressure oil pump camshaft 5 is clamped in scroll chuck 4 On；
First, bottom Co50+0.15%CeO is prepared2Powder, transition zone Co50+0.25%CeO2+ 6%Ni/WC powder with Wearing layer Co50+0.4%CeO2+ 12%Ni/WC powder, the cladding powder prepared is put into ball mill mixing 20min, ball milling Afterwards by 80 DEG C of dry 2h of powder；
Secondly, high-pressure oil pump camshaft is pre-processed, treats that cladding cam face goes the removal of impurity with sand paper polishing, then Cleaned and dried with acetone.Three-jaw auxiliary clamp is installed in high-pressure oil pump camshaft afterbody and is treating cladding cam both sides installation side Edge collapse shield jig, 300 DEG C of preheating 1h.Horizontal shifting platform and CO2The numerical control table, NC table of laser numerically controlled processing equipment Mutually fixed, ultrasonic oscillating unit is mutually fixed by positioning fixture with horizontal shifting platform；
Again, by the high-pressure oil pump camshaft clamping after preheating on scroll chuck, using horizontal shifting platform by instrument Head is pressed on camshaft, opens synchronous powder feeder and argon gas gas cylinder, starts CO2Laser, numerical control operating equipment, ultrasonic wave hair Raw device and Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heater, gradient wear-resistant coating is prepared in cam face laser melting coating.Using Co50+ 0.15%CeO2Powder melting bottom, second and third layer are that transition zone uses Co50+0.25%CeO2It is prepared by+6%Ni/WC powder, Using Co50+0.4%CeO2+ 12%Ni/WC powder prepares the wearing layer of outer surface.The control numerical control work of numerical control operating equipment Platform, scroll chuck send shunt excitation shaven head to be moved by numerical control program with coaxial.Argon gas gas cylinder be continuously coaxial powder-feeding laser head with Synchronous powder feeder supplies, and synchronous powder feeder persistently blows cladding powder, argon gas gas to cam face by coaxial powder-feeding laser head Bottle blows argon gas by the cam face of coaxial powder-feeding laser head to high-pressure oil pump camshaft and protects gas, powder feeding gas and protection air-flow Amount is respectively 700L/h and 14L/min.Tool heads apply ultrasound to regional sustained of the high-pressure oil pump camshaft close to cladding area and shaken It is dynamic, vibration frequency 15kHz.The track that Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heater is heated by digital control computer control coil all the time with Cam face outer contour shape is consistent, and coil utilizes infrared temperature probe control all the time apart from 5~10mm of cam face Cam face processed is inductively heated temperature as 800 DEG C, and coil continuous heating cam face to cladding terminates；
Finally, at the end for the treatment of a cam cladding, CO is simultaneously closed off2Laser, numerical control operating device, supersonic generator With Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heater.Then, argon gas gas cylinder and synchronous powder feeder are closed, by camshaft, 300 DEG C are incubated 1h, it Furnace cooling afterwards.Start second cam of cladding when temperature is cooled to room temperature, step is same as above；
Ultrasonic vibration technological parameter is：Operating frequency range is 10~20kHz, peak power output 1000W, Pneumatic pressure Power is 0.3~0.6MPa.Electromagnetic induction heater technological parameter is：Voltage is 380V, frequency 60Hz, heating temperature range For 150~1000 DEG C.
Using automobile engine crankshaft as embodiment 2, specific implementation method is as follows：
As shown in figure 3, automobile engine crankshaft surface laser cladding prepares the schematic diagram of gradient wear-resistant coating, it is related to one kind The system that ultrasonic vibration prepares gradient wear-resistant coating with the cladding of Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heating auxiliary laser, it includes numerical control behaviour Make equipment 1, digital control computer 2, CO2Laser 3, scroll chuck 4, automobile engine crankshaft 5, laser refraction mirror 6, coaxial powder-feeding swash Shaven head 7, tool heads 8, argon gas gas cylinder 9, synchronous powder feeder 10, ultrasonic transformer 11, transducer 12, positioning fixture 13, move horizontally it is flat Platform 14, supersonic generator 15, electromagnetic induction heating coil 16, infrared temperature probe 17, numerical control table, NC table 18, three-jaw additional lock Tool 20；
The numerical control operating equipment 1, CO2Laser 3, scroll chuck 4, laser refraction mirror 6, coaxial powder-feeding laser head 7, number Control workbench 18 and form CO2Laser numerical control processing apparatus, CO2The laser beam that laser 3 is sent is by laser refraction mirror 6 and together What axle powder-feeding laser first 7 was irradiated to automobile engine crankshaft 5 treats cladding surface, numerical control operating equipment 1 control numerical control table, NC table 18, The motion mode of scroll chuck 4 and coaxial powder-feeding laser head 7；
The supersonic generator 15, horizontal shifting platform 14, positioning fixture 13, transducer 12, ultrasonic transformer 11, tool heads 8 composition ultrasonic vibration apparatus, transducer 12, ultrasonic transformer 11 and tool heads 8 are sequentially connected composition vibration unit, and ultrasonic wave occurs Device 15 connects vibration unit by signal transmssion line, and vibration unit is fixed by positioning fixture 13 and the phase of horizontal shifting platform 14, Horizontal shifting platform 14 again with CO2The phase of numerical control table, NC table 18 of laser numerical control processing apparatus is fixed, and the above is consolidated by bolt It is fixed；
The infrared temperature probe 17, electromagnetic induction heating coil 16 and digital control computer 2 form Contour extraction electromagnetic induction Heater, digital control computer 2 connect infrared temperature probe 17 and electromagnetic induction heating coil 16 by signal transmssion line.Pass through numerical control Computer 2 controls the heating track of electromagnetic induction heating coil 16 and treats that cladding surface outline is consistent and coil distance all the time 5~10mm of cladding surface is treated, coil heats temperature is then passed back digital control computer 2 to realize temperature by infrared temperature probe 17 in real time Control；
The argon gas gas cylinder 9 is connected with coaxial powder-feeding laser head 7 and synchronous powder feeder 10 respectively, synchronous powder feeder 10 with it is same Axle powder-feeding laser first 7 is connected, and argon gas gas cylinder 9 is blowed by cladding region of the coaxial powder-feeding laser head 7 to automobile engine crankshaft 5 Argon gas protects gas, and synchronous powder feeder 10 blows cladding by cladding region of the coaxial powder-feeding laser head 7 to automobile engine crankshaft 5 Powder；
The positioning fixture 13 includes a substrate fastening bolt of substrate clamp nut 23, four of positioning substrate 22, four 24th, lower 27, two guide-localization studs of gripping block of a height regulation stud 26, one of substrate height locking nut 25, one 28th, 31, two guiding locking nuts of the lower gripping block height locking nut of a pinching screw 30, one of upper clamping block 29, two 32nd, two guiding grip gaskets 35 of substrate fastening gasket 34, two of lock washer 33, four.Wherein positioning substrate 22 passes through four Individual 23, four substrate fastening bolts 24 of substrate clamp nut are fixed with four substrate fastening gaskets 34 with horizontal shifting platform 14, Positioning substrate 22 is connected with lower gripping block 27 by height regulation stud 26.When height regulation finishes, by two guide-localizations Stud 28 is oriented to locking nut 32 by two and two are oriented to lock washer 33 and are fixed with the positioning phase of substrate 22.By vibration unit Upper clamping block 29 is clamped in in the holes for clamping among lower gripping block 27, passing through two pinching screws 30 and two grip gaskets 35 Realize and clamp.The positioning fixture 13 can with the regulation in first 8 short transverse of implementation tool, and ensure tool heads 8 all the time perpendicular to The axis of automobile engine crankshaft 5, horizontal shifting platform 14, which can make tool, first 8 realizes one-way movement in the horizontal plane；
The horizontal shifting platform 14, it mainly moves rotating handles 37 by the T-shaped mobile station 36 of X-axis, X-axis, XY axles move 40, four guide table 38, Y-axis movement rotating handles 39, Y-axis mobile station fastening bolts 41 form.Wherein X-axis movement rotating handles 37 distinguish the movement of the X-axis and Y-axis of controlled level mobile work platform with Y-axis movement rotating handles 39, and horizontal shifting platform 14 is logical Cross four fastening bolts 41 and CO2The phase of numerical control table, NC table 18 of laser numerical control processing apparatus is fixed；
The three-jaw auxiliary clamp 20 is arranged on the afterbody of automobile engine crankshaft 5, and automobile engine crankshaft 5 is clamped in three-jaw On chuck 4；
First, bottom Co50+0.15%CeO is prepared2Powder, transition zone Co50+0.25%CeO2+ 6%Ni/WC powder with Wearing layer Co50+0.4%CeO2+ 12%Ni/WC powder, the cladding powder prepared is put into ball mill mixing 20min, ball milling Afterwards by 80 DEG C of dry 2h of powder；
Secondly, automobile engine crankshaft is pre-processed, treats that the removal of impurity is gone on cladding surface with sand paper polishing bent axle, then Cleaned and dried with acetone.Three-jaw auxiliary clamp, 300 DEG C of preheating 1h are installed in automobile engine crankshaft afterbody.Move horizontally flat Platform and CO2The workbench of laser numerically controlled processing equipment is mutually fixed, and ultrasonic vibration installation is flat with moving horizontally by positioning fixture Platform is mutually fixed；
Again, by the automobile engine crankshaft clamping after preheating on scroll chuck, using horizontal shifting platform by instrument Head is pressed on bent axle, opens synchronous powder feeder and argon gas gas cylinder, starts CO2Laser, numerical control operating equipment, ultrasonic wave occur Device and Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heater, treat that cladding surface laser cladding prepares gradient wear-resistant coating in bent axle.Using Co50+ 0.15%CeO2Powder melting bottom, second and third layer are that transition zone uses Co50+0.25%CeO2It is prepared by+6%Ni/WC powder, Using Co50+0.4%CeO2+ 12%Ni/WC powder prepares the wearing layer of outer surface.The control numerical control work of numerical control operating equipment Platform, scroll chuck and coaxial powder-feeding laser head are moved by numerical control program.Argon gas gas cylinder be continuously coaxial powder-feeding laser head with Synchronous powder feeder supplies, and synchronous powder feeder blows cladding powder, argon gas gas by coaxial powder-feeding laser head to cladding regional sustained Bottle blows argon gas by cladding region of the coaxial powder-feeding laser head to automobile engine crankshaft and protects gas, powder feeding gas and protection air-flow Amount is respectively 700L/h and 14L/min.Tool heads apply ultrasonic vibration, vibration frequency to regional sustained of the bent axle close to cladding area For 15kHz.Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heater is by the heating track of digital control computer control coil all the time with treating cladding surface Outer contour shape is consistent, and distance treats 5~10mm of cladding surface to coil all the time, and cladding is controlled using infrared temperature probe Region is inductively heated temperature as 800 DEG C, and coil continuous heating cladding region to cladding is terminated；
Finally, at the end for the treatment of a crankshaft surface cladding, CO is simultaneously closed off2Laser, numerical control operating device, ultrasonic wave hair Raw device and Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heater.Then, argon gas gas cylinder and synchronous powder feeder are closed, by bent axle, 350 DEG C are incubated 1h, Furnace cooling afterwards.Start second bent axle of cladding when temperature is cooled to room temperature and treat cladding surface, step is same as above, until four Bent axle treats that the preparation of gradient wear-resistant coating is completed on cladding surface；
Ultrasonic vibration installation running parameter is the same as embodiment 1；
Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heater running parameter is the same as embodiment 1.
Using automobile gearbox multi-diameter shaft as embodiment 3, specific implementation method is as follows：
As shown in figure 4, automobile gearbox multi-diameter shaft surface laser cladding prepares the schematic diagram of gradient wear-resistant coating, it is related to one The system that kind ultrasonic vibration prepares gradient wear-resistant coating with the cladding of Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heating auxiliary laser, it includes numerical control Operation equipment 1, digital control computer 2, CO2Laser 3, scroll chuck 4, automobile gearbox multi-diameter shaft 5, laser refraction mirror 6, coaxially send Powder laser head 7, tool heads 8, argon gas gas cylinder 9, synchronous powder feeder 10, ultrasonic transformer 11, transducer 12, positioning fixture 13, horizontal shifting Moving platform 14, supersonic generator 15, electromagnetic induction heating coil 16, infrared temperature probe 17, numerical control table, NC table 18, three-jaw are auxiliary Help fixture 20；
The numerical control operating equipment 1, CO2Laser 3, scroll chuck 4, laser refraction mirror 6, coaxial powder-feeding laser head 7, number Control workbench 18 and form CO2Laser numerical control processing apparatus, CO2The laser beam that laser 3 is sent is by laser refraction mirror 6 and together What axle powder-feeding laser first 7 was irradiated to automobile gearbox multi-diameter shaft 5 treats cladding surface, and numerical control operating equipment 1 controls numerical control table, NC table 18th, the motion mode of scroll chuck 4 and coaxial powder-feeding laser head 7；
The supersonic generator 15, horizontal shifting platform 14, positioning fixture 13, transducer 12, ultrasonic transformer 11, tool heads 8 composition ultrasonic vibration apparatus, transducer 12, ultrasonic transformer 11 and tool heads 8 are sequentially connected composition vibration unit, and ultrasonic wave occurs Device 15 connects vibration unit by signal transmssion line, and vibration unit is fixed by positioning fixture 13 and horizontal shifting platform 14, water Translate moving platform 14 again with CO2The numerical control table, NC table 18 of laser numerical control processing apparatus is fixed, and the above is bolted；
The infrared temperature probe 17, electromagnetic induction heating coil 16 and digital control computer 2 form Contour extraction electromagnetic induction Heater, digital control computer 2 connect infrared temperature probe 17 and electromagnetic induction heating coil 16 by signal transmssion line.Pass through numerical control Computer 2 controls the heating track of electromagnetic induction heating coil 16 and treats that cladding surface outline is consistent and coil distance all the time 5~10mm of cladding surface is treated, coil heats temperature is then passed back digital control computer 2 to realize temperature by infrared temperature probe 17 in real time Control；
The argon gas gas cylinder 9 is connected with coaxial powder-feeding laser head 7 and synchronous powder feeder 10 respectively, synchronous powder feeder 10 with it is same Axle powder-feeding laser first 7 is connected, and argon gas gas cylinder 9 is blown by cladding region of the coaxial powder-feeding laser head 7 to automobile gearbox multi-diameter shaft 5 Argon gas is sent to protect gas, synchronous powder feeder 10 is blowed by cladding region of the coaxial powder-feeding laser head 7 to automobile gearbox multi-diameter shaft 5 Cladding powder；
The positioning fixture 13 includes a substrate fastening bolt of substrate clamp nut 23, four of positioning substrate 22, four 24th, lower 27, two guide-localization studs of gripping block of a height regulation stud 26, one of substrate height locking nut 25, one 28th, 31, two guiding locking nuts of the lower gripping block height locking nut of a pinching screw 30, one of upper clamping block 29, two 32nd, two guiding grip gaskets 35 of substrate fastening gasket 34, two of lock washer 33, four.Wherein positioning substrate 22 passes through four Individual 23, four substrate fastening bolts 24 of substrate clamp nut are fixed with four substrate fastening gaskets 34 with horizontal shifting platform 14, Positioning substrate 22 is connected with lower gripping block 27 by height regulation stud 26.When height regulation finishes, by two guide-localizations Stud 28 is oriented to locking nut 32 by two and two are oriented to lock washer 33 and are fixed with the positioning phase of substrate 22.By vibration unit Upper clamping block 29 is clamped in in the holes for clamping among lower gripping block 27, passing through two pinching screws 30 and two grip gaskets 35 Realize and clamp.The positioning fixture 13 can with the regulation in first 8 short transverse of implementation tool, and ensure tool heads 8 all the time perpendicular to The axis of automobile gearbox multi-diameter shaft 5, horizontal shifting platform 14, which can make tool, first 8 realizes one-way movement in the horizontal plane；
The horizontal shifting platform 14, it mainly moves rotating handles 37 by the T-shaped mobile station 36 of X-axis, X-axis, XY axles move 40, four guide table 38, Y-axis movement rotating handles 39, Y-axis mobile station fastening bolts 41 form.Wherein X-axis movement rotating handles 37 distinguish the movement of the X-axis and Y-axis of controlled level mobile work platform with Y-axis movement rotating handles 39, and horizontal shifting platform 14 is logical Cross four fastening bolts 41 and CO2The phase of numerical control table, NC table 18 of laser numerical control processing apparatus is fixed；
The three-jaw auxiliary clamp 20 is arranged on the afterbody of automobile gearbox multi-diameter shaft 5, then by automobile gearbox multi-diameter shaft 5 It is clamped on scroll chuck 4；
First, bottom Co50+0.15%CeO is prepared2Powder, transition zone Co50+0.25%CeO2+ 6%Ni/WC powder with Wearing layer Co50+0.4%CeO2+ 12%Ni/WC powder, the cladding powder prepared is put into ball mill mixing 20min, ball milling Afterwards by 80 DEG C of dry 2h of powder；
Secondly, automobile gearbox multi-diameter shaft is pre-processed, cladding surface is treated to go to clean with sand paper polishing multi-diameter shaft Matter, then cleaned and dried with acetone.Three-jaw auxiliary clamp, 300 DEG C of preheating 1h are installed in automobile gearbox multi-diameter shaft afterbody.Water Translate moving platform and CO2The workbench of laser numerically controlled processing equipment is fixed, and ultrasonic vibration installation passes through positioning fixture and level Mobile platform is mutually fixed；
Again, will using the axle workbench of level two by the automobile gearbox multi-diameter shaft clamping after preheating on scroll chuck Tool heads are pressed on bent axle, open synchronous powder feeder and argon gas gas cylinder, start CO2Laser, numerical control operating equipment, ultrasonic wave Generator and Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heater, treat that cladding surface laser cladding prepares gradient wear-resistant coating in multi-diameter shaft.Number Control operation equipment control numerical control table, NC table, scroll chuck send shunt excitation shaven head to be moved by numerical control program with coaxial.Using Co50+ 0.15%CeO2Powder melting bottom, second and third layer are that transition zone uses Co50+0.25%CeO2It is prepared by+6%Ni/WC powder, Using Co50+0.4%CeO2+ 12%Ni/WC powder prepares the wearing layer of outer surface.Argon gas gas cylinder is continuously coaxial powder-feeding laser Head supplies with synchronous powder feeder, and synchronous powder feeder blows cladding powder, argon by coaxial powder-feeding laser head to cladding regional sustained Gas bottle blows argon gas by cladding region of the coaxial powder-feeding laser head to automobile gearbox multi-diameter shaft and protects gas, and powder feeding gas are with protecting It is respectively 700L/h and 14L/min to protect throughput.Tool heads are applied to regional sustained of the automobile gearbox multi-diameter shaft close to cladding area Add ultrasonic vibration, vibration frequency 15kHz.The rail that Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heater is heated by digital control computer control coil Mark is all the time with treating that cladding surface outer contour shape is consistent, and distance treats 5~10mm of cladding surface to coil all the time, and utilization is red Outer temperature probe controls cladding region to be inductively heated temperature as 800 DEG C, and coil continuous heating cladding area to cladding is terminated；
Finally, at the end for the treatment of a multidiameter neck surface cladding, CO is simultaneously closed off2Laser, numerical control operating device, ultrasound Wave producer and Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heater.Then, argon gas gas cylinder and synchronous powder feeder are closed, by 330 DEG C of multi-diameter shaft It is incubated 1h, afterwards furnace cooling.Start second multidiameter neck of cladding when temperature is cooled to room temperature and treat cladding surface, until institute There is multi-diameter shaft to treat that the preparation of gradient wear-resistant coating is completed on cladding surface, step is same as above；
Ultrasonic vibration running parameter is the same as embodiment 1；
Electromagnetic induction heater running parameter is the same as embodiment 1.
As shown in figure 5, gradient wear-resistant coating is made up of for tetra- layers abcd in the present invention, its middle level a is wearing layer, and layer b is the Two transition zones, layer c are First Transition layer, and layer d is bottom, and e is cladding matrix.
As shown in fig. 6, tool heads 8, ultrasonic transformer 11, transducer 12, positioning fixture 13 and the composition of horizontal shifting platform 14 are super The working portion of acoustic vibration.Wherein tool heads 8, ultrasonic transformer 11 and transducer 12 form vibration unit.Vibration unit is clamped in fixed On position fixture 13, positioning fixture 13 is fixed with horizontal shifting platform 14 by fastening bolt.Rotate horizontal shifting platform 14 Rotating handles can be with implementation tool head in the horizontal plane one-way movement.
As shown in fig. 7, the positioning fixture that designs of the present invention include 22, four substrate clamp nuts 23 of a positioning substrate, Four height regulation studs of substrate height locking nut 25, one of substrate fastening bolt 24, one, 26, lower gripping blocks 27, Two lower gripping block height locking nuts 31 of the pinching screw 30, one of upper clamping block 29, two of guide-localization stud 28, one, Two are oriented to 32, two guiding grip gaskets 35 of substrate fastening gasket 34, two of lock washer 33, four of locking nut.Wherein Position substrate 22 and pass through four substrate fastening gaskets 34 of substrate fastening bolt 24, four of substrate clamp nut 23, four and level The phase of mobile platform 14 is fixed, and positioning substrate 22 is connected with lower gripping block 27 by height regulation stud 26.When height regulation finishes When, lower gripping block height locking nut 31 is screwed with substrate height locking nut 25, two guide-localization studs 28 are passed through Two are oriented to locking nut 32 and two guiding lock washers 33 and are fixed with the positioning phase of substrate 22.Vibration unit is clamped in upper folder Tight block 29 is with the holes for clamping among lower gripping block 27, being realized and being clamped by two pinching screws 30 and two grip gaskets 35.
As shown in figure 8, the horizontal shifting platform 14 that the present invention uses, it is mainly by the T-shaped mobile station 36 of X-axis, X-axis movement rotation 40, four handle hand 37, XY axle mobile guides platform 38, Y-axis movement rotating handles 39, Y-axis mobile station fastening bolts 41 form.Its Middle X-axis movement rotating handles 37 distinguishes the movement of the X-axis and Y-axis of controlled level mobile work platform with Y-axis movement rotating handles 39, Horizontal shifting platform 14 passes through four fastening bolts 41 and CO2The phase of numerical control table, NC table 18 of laser numerical control processing apparatus is fixed.
As shown in figure 12, for the edge collapse shield jig 21 of high-pressure oil pump cam of camshaft shape design, wherein 42 be pinching screw.The shield jig 21 is installed on cam close to the end face of shaft end side during use, utilizes pinching screw 42 Realize the clamping of protective case.
As shown in figure 13, for the edge collapse shield jig 19 of high-pressure oil pump cam of camshaft shape design, wherein 42 be pinching screw, and 43 be three identical gripping blocks of shape.By three gripping blocks 43 of the shield jig 19 during use It is installed on and treats that close to the end face of another cam side, the clamping of protective case is realized using pinching screw 42 for cladding cam.
It is high-pressure oil pump camshaft afterbody three-jaw auxiliary clamp schematic diagram as shown in figure 14.Fixture leads to camshaft afterbody Threaded connection is crossed, prevents scroll chuck from clamping with damaging camshaft surface in rotary course.
As shown in figure 15, the afterbody three-jaw auxiliary clamp schematic diagram of automobile engine crankshaft.Fixture connects with bent axle afterbody key Connect, prevent scroll chuck from clamping with damaging crankshaft surface in rotary course.
As shown in figure 16, automobile gearbox multi-diameter shaft afterbody three-jaw auxiliary clamp schematic diagram.Fixture and multi-diameter shaft afterbody key Connection, prevent scroll chuck from clamping with damaging multi-diameter shaft surface in rotary course.
Above example is provided just for the sake of the description purpose of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.This The scope of invention is defined by the following claims.The various equivalent substitutions that do not depart from spirit and principles of the present invention and make and repair Change, all should cover within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

  1. A kind of 1. gradient wear-resistant coating, it is characterised in that：The gradient wear-resistant coating is divided into four layers, including bottom, two layers of transition Layer and wearing layer；Wherein, bottom uses Co50+0.15%CeO2Powder, transition zone use Co50+0.25%CeO2+ 6%Ni/WC Powder, the wearing layer on upper strata use Co50+0.4%CeO2+ 12%Ni/WC powder；The underlayer thickness is 0.4~0.5mm, the The thickness of one layer of transition zone is 0.7~0.9mm, and the thickness of wearing layer is 1.2~1.4mm；
    The Co50 alloy powders chemical composition, is calculated as by weight/mass percentage composition：Cr：21.6%, Ni：10.4%, Si： 1.8%, B：2.55%, C：0.1%, W：5.62%, Co：Surplus；
    The Ni/WC powder chemistries composition, is calculated as by weight/mass percentage composition：C：1.5~3.0%, B：1.5~3.5%, Si： 1.0~4.0%, Fe<14%, Cr：8.0~12.0%, W：5.62%, Ni：Surplus.
  2. 2. a kind of ultrasonic vibration and the wear-resisting painting of gradient described in Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heating auxiliary laser cladding claim 1 The system of layer, it is characterised in that：Including numerical control operating equipment, digital control computer, CO2Laser, scroll chuck, cladding matrix, swash Anaclasis mirror, coaxial powder-feeding laser head, tool heads, argon gas gas cylinder, synchronous powder feeder, ultrasonic transformer, transducer, positioning fixture, water Translate moving platform, supersonic generator, electromagnetic induction heating coil, infrared temperature probe, numerical control table, NC table；
    The numerical control operating equipment, CO2Laser, scroll chuck, laser refraction mirror, coaxial powder-feeding laser head, numerical control table, NC table group Into CO2Laser numerical control processing apparatus, CO2The laser beam that laser is sent is by laser refraction mirror and passes through coaxial powder-feeding laser Head is irradiated to cladding matrix, numerical control operating equipment control numerical control table, NC table, scroll chuck and the motion side for coaxially sending shunt excitation shaven head Formula；
    The supersonic generator, horizontal shifting platform, positioning fixture, transducer, ultrasonic transformer, tool heads composition ultrasonic activation Device, transducer, ultrasonic transformer and tool heads are sequentially connected composition vibration unit, and supersonic generator is connected by signal transmssion line Vibration unit, vibration unit are fixedly connected with by positioning fixture and horizontal shifting platform, horizontal shifting platform again with CO2Laser number The numerical control table, NC table of control processing unit (plant) is fixedly connected with；
    The infrared temperature probe, electromagnetic induction heating coil and digital control computer composition Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heater, number Control computer and infrared temperature probe and electromagnetic induction heating coil are connected by signal transmssion line；Electromagnetism sense is controlled by digital control computer Answer heating coil heating track and treat cladding surface outline be consistent and coil all the time distance treat cladding surface 5~ Coil heats temperature is then passed back digital control computer to realize temperature control by 10mm, infrared temperature probe in real time；
    The argon gas gas cylinder is connected with coaxial powder-feeding laser head and synchronous powder feeder respectively, and argon gas gas cylinder passes through coaxial powder-feeding laser Head blows argon gas protection gas to cladding region, and synchronous powder feeder is connected with coaxial powder-feeding laser head, and synchronous powder feeder passes through coaxial Powder-feeding laser head blows cladding powder to cladding matrix, and cladding matrix is clamped on scroll chuck；
    The positioning fixture, the regulation on implementation tool grease head highness direction, and ensure tool heads all the time perpendicular to cladding matrix Axis, the horizontal shifting platform head that can make tool realize unidirectional movement on horizontal plane；
    The positioning fixture includes a positioning substrate, four substrate clamp nuts, four substrate fastening bolts, a substrate height Spend locking nut, a height regulation stud, a lower gripping block, two guide-localization studs, a upper clamping block, two folders Tight screw, a lower gripping block height locking nut, two guiding locking nuts, two guiding lock washers, four substrates are tight Gu pad, two grip gaskets；Wherein position substrate and pass through four substrate clamp nuts, four substrate fastening bolts and four bases Plate fastening gasket is mutually fixed with horizontal shifting platform, and positioning substrate is connected with lower gripping block by height regulation stud；When height When regulation finishes, lower gripping block height locking nut is screwed with substrate height locking nut；Two guide-localization studs are led to Cross two guiding locking nuts and two are oriented to lock washers and are mutually fixed with positioning substrate；Vibration unit is clamped in upper clamping block With in the holes for clamping among lower gripping block, realizing and clamping by two pinching screws and two grip gaskets；
    The horizontal shifting platform, it mainly moves rotating handles, XY axle mobile guides platform, Y-axis by the T-shaped mobile station of X-axis, X-axis Mobile rotating handles, Y-axis mobile station, four fastening bolt compositions；Wherein X-axis movement rotating handles and Y-axis movement rotating handles The movement of the X-axis and Y-axis of controlled level mobile work platform, horizontal shifting platform pass through four fastening bolts and CO respectively2Laser The numerical control table, NC table of device numerical control processing apparatus is mutually fixed.
  3. 3. a kind of method that ultrasonic vibration prepares gradient wear-resistant coating with the cladding of Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heating auxiliary laser, its It is characterised by：Realize that step is as follows：
    (1) powder for preparing gradient wear-resistant coating is prepared, then carries out ball milling, stirring and drying；
    (2) treat cladding matrix to be pre-processed, treat cladding surface with sand paper polishing, then clean surface with acetone, phase is installed The auxiliary mould fixture answered；Then the pre-heat treatment, horizontal shifting platform and CO are carried out to cladding matrix2Laser digital control processing fills The numerical control table, NC table put mutually is fixed, and vibration unit is mutually fixed by positioning fixture with horizontal shifting platform；
    (3) the cladding matrix after preheating is clamped on scroll chuck, tool heads is pressed on cladding using horizontal shifting platform On matrix, synchronous powder feeder and argon gas gas cylinder are opened, starts CO2Laser, numerical control operating equipment, supersonic generator and profile Electromagnetic induction heater is tracked, is treating the gradient wear-resistant coating described in cladding surface laser cladding preparation claim 1；Using Co50+0.15%CeO2Powder melting bottom, second and third layer are that transition zone uses Co50+0.25%CeO2+ 6%Ni/WC powder Prepare, using Co50+0.4%CeO2+ 12%Ni/WC powder prepares the wearing layer of outer surface；Numerical control operating equipment controls numerical control Workbench, scroll chuck and coaxial powder-feeding laser head are moved according to numerical control program；Argon gas gas cylinder is continuously coaxial powder-feeding and swashed Shaven head supplies with synchronous powder feeder, and synchronous powder feeder blows cladding powder by coaxial powder-feeding laser head to cladding regional sustained, Argon gas gas cylinder blows argon gas to cladding region by coaxial powder-feeding laser head and protects gas, and powder feeding gas are respectively with protection air-flow amount 700L/h and 14L/min；Tool heads apply ultrasonic vibration to regional sustained of the cladding matrix close to cladding area, and vibration frequency is 15kHz；The track that Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heater is heated by digital control computer control coil is all the time with treating outside cladding surface Contour shape is consistent, and distance treats 5~10mm of cladding surface to coil all the time, and cladding area is controlled using infrared temperature probe Domain is inductively heated temperature as 800 DEG C, and coil continuous heating cladding region to cladding is terminated；
    (4) at the end of prepared by gradient wear-resistant coating, CO is simultaneously closed off2Laser, numerical control operating device, supersonic generator and wheel Exterior feature tracking electromagnetic induction heater；Argon gas gas cylinder and synchronous powder feeder are then shut off, the cladding matrix after laser melting coating is carried out Isothermal holding, then furnace cooling.
  4. 4. a kind of ultrasonic vibration according to claim 3 prepares ladder with the cladding of Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heating auxiliary laser Spend the method for wear-resistant coating, it is characterised in that：The tool heads apply ultrasound to regional sustained of the cladding matrix close to cladding area Vibration, vibration frequency 15kHz.
  5. 5. a kind of ultrasonic vibration according to claim 3 prepares ladder with the cladding of Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heating auxiliary laser Spend the method for wear-resistant coating, it is characterised in that：The technological parameter that the ultrasonic vibration installation uses for：Working frequency be 10~ 20kHz, peak power output 1000W, Pneumatic pressure are 0.3~0.6MPa.
  6. 6. a kind of ultrasonic vibration according to claim 3 prepares ladder with the cladding of Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heating auxiliary laser Spend the method for wear-resistant coating, it is characterised in that：Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heater is heated by digital control computer control coil Track is all the time with treating that cladding surface outer contour shape is consistent, and distance treats 5~10mm of cladding surface to coil all the time, utilizes Infrared temperature probe controls cladding layer to be inductively heated temperature as 800 DEG C.
  7. 7. a kind of ultrasonic vibration according to claim 3 prepares ladder with the cladding of Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heating auxiliary laser Spend the method for wear-resistant coating, it is characterised in that：The technological parameter of the profile electromagnetic induction heater is：Operating voltage is 380V, frequency 60Hz, heating temperature range are 150~1000 DEG C.
  8. 8. a kind of ultrasonic vibration according to claim 3 prepares ladder with the cladding of Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heating auxiliary laser Spend the method for wear-resistant coating, it is characterised in that：During the gradient wear-resistant coating bottom laser melting coating using 12%~22% it is big Dilution rate, it is ensured that form good metallurgical binding with cladding matrix, and make the thermal coefficient of expansion of bottom be reduced remaining close to mother metal Cladding layer tearing tendency caused by stress；Two layers of transition zone uses 6%~8% small dilution rate, and the wearing layer on upper strata uses 5% ~7% small dilution rate, due to the gradual increase of WC content, while hardness and wear resistance improves, alleviate the cracking of coating Tendency.
  9. 9. a kind of ultrasonic vibration according to claim 3 prepares ladder with the cladding of Contour extraction electromagnetic induction heating auxiliary laser Spend the method for wear-resistant coating, it is characterised in that：The bottom laser melting coating parameter is：Laser power 1700W~1900W, scanning 270~290mm/min of speed, powder feeding 0.5~0.7r/min of rate, 4~5mm of spot diameter, overlapping rate 40%~50%, melts height 0.3~0.5mm；Transition zone laser melting coating parameter is：Laser power 1600W~1800W, 270~290mm/min of sweep speed, Powder feeding 0.6~0.8r/min of rate, 4~5mm of spot diameter, overlapping rate 40%~50%, melts high 0.7~0.9mm；Wearing layer laser Cladding parameter is：Laser power 2000W~2200W, 270~290mm/min of sweep speed, powder feeding 0.7~0.9r/min of rate, light 4~5mm of spot diameter, overlapping rate 40%~50%, melt high 1.0~1.2mm.
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