CN109042412B - Patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed breeding device and patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed breeding method - Google Patents
Patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed breeding device and patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109042412B CN109042412B CN201811131277.2A CN201811131277A CN109042412B CN 109042412 B CN109042412 B CN 109042412B CN 201811131277 A CN201811131277 A CN 201811131277A CN 109042412 B CN109042412 B CN 109042412B
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 241000237516 Mizuhopecten yessoensis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 235000020637 scallop Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 claims description 38
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000237509 Patinopecten sp. Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000029052 metamorphosis Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000237503 Pectinidae Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001418 larval effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000254123 Bemisia Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007815 allergy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002149 gonad Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009364 mariculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000016087 ovulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004681 ovum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
- A01K61/55—Baskets therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to a patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed breeding device and method, and belongs to the technical field of patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed breeding. The patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed breeding device provided by the application comprises a net cage, wherein the net cage comprises a frame (1), a bolting silk net (2) arranged at the periphery and the bottom of the frame, a float (3) arranged at the periphery of the top of the net cage and a sunshade net (4) arranged at the top of the net cage; the device further comprises an attachment bag (5) arranged separately from the net cage, which can be hung inside the net cage. The breeding device provided by the application can realize the breeding and the attached growth of patinopecten yessoensis in an offshore open sea area, does not need to manually add baits, can ensure the quality and the quantity of surviving scallops, and provides high-quality scallops for bottom sowing.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of scallop breeding, in particular to a patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed breeding device and method.
Background
At present, the breeding modes of patinopecten yessoensis fries mainly comprise two modes, namely indoor temperature rising seedling raising and natural seedling picking. Wherein, the indoor seedling culture needs to promote the maturing and spawning of the scallops under the premise of strictly controlling the physical, chemical and biological indexes of water quality. The water quality is seriously affected by baits, scallop excreta, temperature and the like, and a large amount of manpower, material resources and energy are consumed in the whole process due to the need of heating; the precondition of natural seedling collection is that a large number of scallops are needed in the culture sea area and are influenced by ocean currents, and the patinopecten yessoensis larvae need to be tested and tracked along with the flowing direction of the ocean currents every year, so that the quantity of the natural seedlings collected by the patinopecten yessoensis larvae is very small according to incomplete statistics, and the natural seedlings collected by the patinopecten yessoensis larvae are not proportional to consumed material resources from the aspect of economy, so that a new patinopecten yessoensis larvae breeding mode is urgently desired at present to change the current situation.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed breeding device and method. The breeding device provided by the application can realize the breeding and the attached growth of patinopecten yessoensis in an open sea area in the offshore, does not need to manually add baits, can ensure the quality and the quantity of the surviving patinopecten yessoensis fries, and provides high-quality patinopecten yessoensis fries for bottom sowing.
The application provides a patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed breeding device, which comprises a net cage, wherein the net cage comprises a frame (1), a bolting silk net (2) arranged at the periphery and the bottom of the frame, a float (3) arranged at the periphery of the top of the net cage and a sunshade net (4) arranged at the top of the net cage; the device further comprises an attachment bag (5) arranged separately from the net cage, which can be hung inside the net cage.
Preferably, the frame comprises a metal frame.
Preferably, the pore diameter of the bolting silk net is 200-300 meshes.
Preferably, the total volume of the attached bag accounts for 20-30% of the volume of the net cage.
Preferably, the material of the attached bag comprises polyacetylene.
Preferably, the attachment bag is a mesh bag, and the mesh bag includes a mesh sheet therein.
Preferably, the mesh size of the mesh bag and the mesh sheet is 30-40 meshes.
The application also provides a scallop offspring seed breeding method based on the device of the technical proposal, which comprises the following steps:
1) Placing the net cage in sea water, and placing the young shellfish in D-shaped larva stage into the net cage for culturing; the young shellfish in the D-shaped larva stage comprises indoor seedling larvae which are hatched through fertilized eggs and are optimized;
2) When the average specification of the young shellfish in the net cage reaches more than 250 micrometers, 5-10% of young shellfish eye points appear and part of the young shellfish eye points extend out to obtain young shellfish, and an attaching bag is hung in the net cage;
3) And 2) after the shellfish seedlings in the step 2) are subjected to metamorphosis attachment, removing the attachment bag from the net cage to obtain patinopecten yessoensis offspring seeds.
Preferably, the temperature of the indoor seedling raising in the step 1) is 5-22 ℃.
Preferably, in the breeding process, the young shellfish feed is fed by seawater through a silk screen.
The application provides a patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed breeding device, which comprises a net cage, wherein the net cage comprises a frame (1), a bolting silk net (2), a buoy (3) and a sunshade net (4); an attachment bag is also included. The arrangement of the bolting silk net can realize the exchange of baits inside and outside the net cage, prevent scallop larvae from escaping outside and effectively isolate other impurities Bei Youti from entering the net cage; the arrangement of the floats can provide enough buoyancy for the net cage; the sunshade net can effectively prevent the influence of sunlight on the spats; the attaching bag can provide an attaching base for the young shellfish, so that the young shellfish can be conveniently picked up. The breeding device provided by the application can be used in a natural state, does not need artificial bait feeding, can keep biological habit, can survive under the conditions of physical factors such as natural waves, ocean currents, water temperature and the like, and bait competition reasons and the like, and can realize high-strength screening and high later survival rate, and the quantity and quality of seedlings are improved; the device does not need to raise temperature for seedling, and reduces energy consumption; the labor quantity and the labor intensity are reduced; the breeding device does not need to judge the ocean current flow direction, tracks the track of natural seedlings, and can greatly reduce manpower and material resources; in addition, in the attaching period, the positioning of attached larvae can be accurately determined, the instability and uncertainty of a natural seedling collecting operation area are solved, the seedling collecting amount is large, and the economic benefit is high.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed reproduction apparatus provided by the application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed breeding apparatus provided by the application, wherein the patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed breeding apparatus is hung with an attaching bag;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a specific arrangement of a breeding device provided by the application;
fig. 4 is a graph of larval shell length data provided in an embodiment of the application.
Detailed Description
The application provides a patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed breeding device, which comprises a net cage, wherein the net cage comprises a frame (1), a bolting silk net (2) arranged at the periphery and the bottom of the frame, a float (3) arranged at the periphery of the top of the net cage and a sunshade net (4) arranged at the top of the net cage; the device further comprises an attachment bag (5) arranged separately from the net cage, which can be hung inside the net cage.
The structural schematic diagram of the patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed breeding device is shown in fig. 1, wherein 1 is a frame, 2 is a bolting silk net, 3 is a buoy, and 4 is a sunshade net; fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed reproduction apparatus with attached bags hanging, wherein 5 is an attached bag.
The cage of the patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed breeding device is provided with a frame. In the present application, the frame comprises a metal frame. The specific shape of the frame is not particularly limited, and a rectangular parallelepiped frame is preferable. In the present application, the frame top is preferably provided with a suspension support to which the bag is attached.
The periphery and the bottom of the frame are provided with a bolting silk net. In the present application, the pore diameter of the bolting silk net is 200 to 300 mesh, more preferably 200 mesh. The bolting silk net can effectively prevent the loss of the baby larvae, prevent the baby larvae from entering the net cage, realize the exchange of water bodies inside and outside the net cage, ensure sufficient bait and effectively prevent the attachment of the baby larvae.
The top of the frame is provided with the floats at the periphery, and the floats can be arranged at the outer sides of the side walls of the frame. In the present application, the buoy is capable of providing sufficient buoyancy to the breeding device. The material and shape of the float are not particularly limited in the present application, and conventional commercial floats known to those skilled in the art may be used. The number of the floats is not particularly limited, and sufficient buoyancy can be provided.
According to the application, the sunshade net is arranged at the top of the net cage, and can effectively prevent the influence of sunlight on parent shellfish and shellfish seedlings. The source of the sunshade net is not particularly limited, and conventional commercial products of sunshade net known to those skilled in the art may be used.
The device also comprises an attaching bag (5) which is arranged separately from the net cage and can be hung in the net cage. In the present application, the total volume of the attached bag is 20 to 30% of the volume of the net cage, more preferably 25%. In the present application, the material of the attached bag preferably includes polyacetylene. In the application, the attached bag is a mesh bag, and the mesh bag comprises a mesh sheet. In the present application, the mesh size of the mesh bag and the mesh sheet is preferably 30 to 40 mesh, more preferably 40 mesh. In the present application, the attached bag is preferably 20X 50cm in size.
The application also provides a patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed breeding method based on the device of the technical proposal, which comprises the following steps:
1) Placing the net cage in sea water, and placing the young shellfish in D-shaped larva stage into the net cage for culturing; the young shellfish in the D-shaped larva stage comprises indoor seedling larvae which are hatched through fertilized eggs and are optimized;
2) When the average specification of the young shellfish in the net cage reaches more than 250 micrometers, 5-10% of young shellfish eye points appear and part of the young shellfish eye points extend out to obtain young shellfish, and an attaching bag is hung in the net cage;
3) And 2) after the shellfish seedlings in the step 2) are subjected to metamorphosis attachment, removing the attachment bag from the net cage to obtain patinopecten yessoensis offspring seeds.
The net cage is placed in seawater, and the young shellfish in the D-shaped larva stage is placed in the net cage for culture; the young shellfish in the D-shaped larva stage comprises indoor seedling larvae which are hatched through fertilized eggs and are preferably selected. In the present application, the preferred method comprises screening with 200-300 mesh bolting silk, more preferably 200 mesh; in the present application, the time from hatching of the fertilized egg to the D-stage larval stage is preferably 70 hours or more. In the present application, the net cage is preferably placed in open offshore waters. In the present application, the open offshore area is preferably an area less affected by sea waves and currents. The net cages of the present application are preferably placed in rows at sea, and the method of placing the net cages of the present application is not particularly limited. In particular, the net cage is preferably arranged between the stem ropes by using the stem ropes for cultivation, so that the net cage is placed in rows; more preferably, the net cage is preferably placed above the floating raft for cultivation, so that the sea water cultivation space is fully utilized; the arrangement of the breeding device is schematically shown in fig. 3 when the stem rope net box is placed.
In the application, the temperature of the indoor seedling culture is preferably selected from the room temperature of 4 months and 5 months. In the present application, the temperature of the indoor seedling is preferably 5 to 22 ℃, more preferably 8 to 20 ℃. In the application, the indoor seedling raising process does not need to be heated, and the ordinary room temperature of 4 months and 5 months is adopted, so that a great amount of hydropower cost can be solved. The indoor seedling raising method is not particularly limited, and the indoor seedling raising method well known to the person skilled in the art is adopted, for example, parent scallops with gonad mature are washed out and dried in the shade for 0.5-1 hour, then the parent scallops are put into water with the temperature 2-3 ℃ higher than the water temperature of the original culture, and the male and female are separated, so that a large amount of ovulation can be realized after 1-2 hours. A small amount of semen is poured into the spawning pond, and 2-3 sperms are arranged around the ovum under a microscope. D-type larvae develop after 70 hours by micro-aeration or stirring, and after the D-type larvae float upwards, the D-type larvae are screened out by using 200-mesh bolting silk. The indoor seedling raising method has the characteristics of high fertilization rate, good synchronism and high egg hatching survival rate.
When the average specification of the young shellfish in the net cage reaches more than 250 micrometers, the eye points of 5-10% young shellfish appear, and part of the young shellfish extends out to obtain young shellfish, and an attaching bag is hung in the net cage. In the present application, the purpose of the attached bag is to provide a matrix of attached allergies. The number of the hanging bags is not particularly limited, and preferably the total volume of the attached bags accounts for 20-30% of the volume of the net cage.
And after the shellfish seedlings are subjected to metamorphosis attachment, removing the attachment bag from the net cage to obtain patinopecten yessoensis offspring seeds. The scallop seedling obtained by the application has 500-600 mu m of seedling shell height. After the patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed is obtained, the patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed is transferred to the sea for conventional mariculture, and the secondary offspring seed can be obtained, wherein the shell height of the secondary offspring seed is 2-3 mm.
The patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed cultivation method of the application is not particularly limited, and patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed cultivation methods well known to those skilled in the art are adopted, and patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed is preferably put into a raft for cultivation. The present application is not particularly limited to the raft, and the raft for patinopecten yessoensis cultivation known to those skilled in the art may be used.
In the breeding process, the baits can enter the net cage through the meshes of the silk screening net under the action of seawater flow, and the artificial feeding of any baits is not needed in the whole breeding process.
The patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed breeding device and method of the present application are described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments, and the technical solutions of the present application include, but are not limited to, the following embodiments.
The current conventional indoor seedling raising method mainly comprises the steps of raising the temperature and raising the seedlings for 1-3 months each year, wherein the seedling raising method comprises the procedures of raising the temperature, changing water, pouring into a pool, inflating, feeding, and the like, and the cost mainly comprises water, electricity, bait and labor cost, wherein the water and electricity cost in the seedling raising period accounts for 50-60% of the total cost, and the labor cost is high and also accounts for about 30% due to the fact that the seedling raising time is just before and after spring festival. The price of the secondary seedlings cultivated by the temperature raising seedling method is about 0.02 yuan/one. The method adopted by the application has the advantages of no need of heating, no need of bait feeding, less manual consumption for starting breeding in 4 and 5 months, and greatly reduced cost due to the fact that the price of the primary accounting secondary seedlings is about 0.01 yuan/one. The breeding device provided by the application can be used in a natural state, and has high early screening strength and high later survival rate, no medicine is needed in the whole breeding process, and the quality is far better than that of seedlings obtained by indoor temperature rising and seedling raising.
Example 1
The method comprises the steps of putting the young shellfish in the D-shaped larva stage selected and selected in an indoor seedling raising room into a scallop larva breeding device according to the concentration of 1/mL, monitoring and measuring the growth condition of the young shellfish in the whole process, and putting an attaching bag when the average specification of the young shellfish is larger than 250 mu m and the proportion of the young shellfish with eyespots is 5-10%. The larval shell length data is shown in figure 4.
The test monitoring data before putting the attached bag are shown in table 1 after starting timing of putting the baby chicks:
TABLE 1 density and distribution of baby Bemisia larvae in cage before placement of attached bag
As can be seen from fig. 4 and table 1: the method shows that the seedlings always grow, the seedlings are mainly concentrated on the upper layer, part of the larvae die after the time passes, and the remained seedlings are strong in survival ability, so that high-strength screening is realized.
Second stage attachment
Each breeding cage is put in 25 strings of attached bags, and the total length of each string of attached bags is 3m.
The monitoring shows that: the middle-upper layer of the baby shell is more adhered, the bottom layer is less adherent.
The D-shaped larvae are put into the net cage, so that the D-shaped larvae have the effects of physical factors such as waves, ocean currents, water temperatures and the like, and the survival of the baits is caused by competition of baits, and the seedlings with good quality are reserved, so that the screening strength is high, the early-stage high-strength screening is carried out, and the later-stage survival rate is high. The survival rate of the secondary seedlings of the conventional temperature-rising seedling raising is about 30%, and the survival rate of the secondary seedlings of the seedlings can reach about 80% (about 26.6 ten thousand secondary seedlings are co-bred in the test, and about 22 ten thousand seedlings are survived). And no medicine is needed in the whole breeding process, and the quality is far better than that of seedlings obtained by indoor temperature rising and seedling raising.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present application, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present application.
Claims (5)
1. A scallop offspring seed breeding method based on a patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed breeding device comprises the following steps:
1) Placing the net cage in sea water, and placing the young shellfish in D-shaped larva stage into the net cage for culturing; the young shellfish in the D-shaped larva stage comprises indoor seedling larvae which are hatched through fertilized eggs and are optimized;
2) When the average specification of the young shellfish in the net cage reaches more than 250 micrometers, 5-10% of young shellfish eye points appear, and part of the young shellfish eye points extend out to obtain young shellfish, and an attaching bag is hung in the net cage;
3) After the shellfish seedlings in the step 2) complete the metamorphosis attachment, removing the attachment bag from the net cage to obtain patinopecten yessoensis offspring seeds;
the net box comprises a frame (1), a bolting silk net (2) arranged at the periphery and the bottom of the frame, a float (3) arranged at the periphery of the top of the net box and a sunshade net (4) arranged at the top of the net box; the device also comprises an attaching bag (5) which is arranged separately from the net cage and can be hung in the net cage; the aperture of the bolting silk screen is 200-300 meshes; the total volume of the attached bag accounts for 20-30% of the volume of the net cage; the attaching bag is a mesh bag, and the mesh bag comprises a mesh sheet; the mesh sizes of the mesh bag and the mesh sheet are 30-40 meshes;
the net cage is arranged in an open offshore water area; the open offshore area is an area less affected by ocean waves and currents.
2. The method of breeding according to claim 1, wherein the frame comprises a metal frame.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the bag comprises polyacetylene.
4. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the indoor seedling raising in the step 1) is 5-22 ℃.
5. The method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the young shellfish fodder is fed by sea water through a silk screen during the breeding process.
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN201042164Y (en) * | 2007-06-09 | 2008-04-02 | 中国海洋大学 | Floatable net cage for keeping scallop |
CN106386596A (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2017-02-15 | 锦州市水产技术推广站 | A winter pond net cage intermediate culture method for stichopus japonicus larvae |
CN208875123U (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-05-21 | 大连海洋大学 | A kind of Patinopecten yessoensis seed breeding device |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN201042164Y (en) * | 2007-06-09 | 2008-04-02 | 中国海洋大学 | Floatable net cage for keeping scallop |
CN106386596A (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2017-02-15 | 锦州市水产技术推广站 | A winter pond net cage intermediate culture method for stichopus japonicus larvae |
CN208875123U (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-05-21 | 大连海洋大学 | A kind of Patinopecten yessoensis seed breeding device |
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