CN109036034A - Efficiency of heat engine power thermoelectricity comprehensive test instrument - Google Patents

Efficiency of heat engine power thermoelectricity comprehensive test instrument Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109036034A
CN109036034A CN201810973162.1A CN201810973162A CN109036034A CN 109036034 A CN109036034 A CN 109036034A CN 201810973162 A CN201810973162 A CN 201810973162A CN 109036034 A CN109036034 A CN 109036034A
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China
Prior art keywords
load
heat engine
electric heating
switch
heating piece
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Pending
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CN201810973162.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
赵杰
杨学锋
李海彦
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to CN201810973162.1A priority Critical patent/CN109036034A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09BEDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/06Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
    • G09B23/16Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for science of heat
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09BEDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/06Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
    • G09B23/08Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for statics or dynamics
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09BEDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/06Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
    • G09B23/18Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for electricity or magnetism
    • G09B23/188Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for electricity or magnetism for motors; for generators; for power supplies; for power distribution

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of efficiency of heat engine power thermoelectricity comprehensive test instruments.It is the medial surface installation electric heating piece 4 in hot tank 1, and the lateral surface of hot tank 1 installs thermoelectric generation film 5, and the another side of thermoelectric generation film 5 installs the cooling fin 6 with fan, and hot tank 1 and cooling fin 6 all have thermometer.Load motor 10 and load resistance 32 are in parallel with thermoelectric generation film 5 by the right end of load changeover switch 18 and left end respectively.Electric heating piece 4 is in parallel with adjustable stabilized voltage supply 26.Fifth wheel 12 is installed, the shaft core position installation of fifth wheel 12 lengthens shaft 37, lengthens shaft 37 and pass through force plate 13 and pressure spring 36 and top plate 38 in the shaft 11 of load motor 10.Voltmeter 16 and ammeter 20 access circuit by the special connection type of multiple switch respectively.The present invention solve heat engine experiment instrument in the prior art have a single function and inconvenient quantitative measurment efficiency of heat engine, not environmentally the problems such as.It can be used for College Physics or Demonstrating Physics Experiment teaching.

Description

Efficiency of heat engine power thermoelectricity comprehensive test instrument
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of physical experiment apparatus, a kind of especially efficiency of heat engine power thermoelectricity comprehensive test instrument.
Background technique
In College Physics, the machine that heat engine is defined as heat being constantly converted into externally to do work is heat engine.Heat engine Efficiency is defined as heat that the function (or external output power) that heat engine is externally done absorbs divided by heat engine (or the hot merit that heat engine obtains Rate).The instrument for the heat engine experiment that can be done in the prior art but is produced due to firing for fuel with the heat engine of various fuel Raw heat is not easy to quantitative measurment, and combustible combustion generation environment in laboratory pollutes, thus can only do qualitatively, The few Demonstrating Physics Experiment of instrument quantity.In addition this kind of to test the simple calorifics for often namely only relating to calorifics knowledge Experiment content, and modern higher education theory is that the knowledge integration of various different fields is advocated to apply in an experiment It goes, but the quasi-instrument in the prior art cannot meet this requirement.
Summary of the invention
The efficiency of heat engine tested the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of comprehensive mechanics, calorifics, electricity knowledge is comprehensive real Test instrument.It both can also be measured the mechanical characteristic of DC permanent magnet motor, and can also be measured electricity with quantitative measurment efficiency of heat engine The non-electric heating such as source internal resistance, demonstration hot water are come experiment contents such as drive motors turn.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention includes attaching plug 34, casing 15, adjustable stabilized voltage supply 26, fan power supply 33.The medial surface of hot tank 1 installs electric heating piece 4, and the lateral surface of hot tank 1 installs thermoelectric generation film 5, the another side of thermoelectric generation film 5 Cooling fin 6 is installed, cooling fin 6 nearby installs fan 7, and heater temperature sensor 24 is mounted on electric heating piece 4, heater temperature meter 22 It is mounted on after being connected by conducting wire with heater temperature sensor 24 on casing 15, heat sink temperature sensor 25 is mounted on cooling fin On 6, heatsink temperature meter 23 is mounted on casing 15 after being connected with heat sink temperature sensor 25, and load motor 10 passes through branch Frame 9 is mounted on casing 15, and load motor 10 and load resistance 32 pass through the right end of load changeover switch 18 and left end respectively In parallel with thermoelectric generation film 5, electric heating piece 4 is in parallel with adjustable stabilized voltage supply 26.
Fifth wheel 12 is installed in the shaft 11 of load motor 10, the shaft core position installation of fifth wheel 12 lengthens shaft 37, Lengthen that shaft 37 passes through force plate 13 and pressure spring 36 and top plate 38, the bottom of top plate 38 are fixed on casing 15, force plate 13 with Fifth wheel 12 against pressure spring 36 elastic force and contact with each other.
The lower end of electric heating piece 4 and thermoelectric generation film 5 connects left end and the right end of voltmeter change-over switch 17, voltmeter 16 respectively Lower input termination voltmeter change-over switch 17 center-side, voltmeter 16 upper input termination electric heating piece 4 upper end.
It is opened with the bottom righthand side of ammeter change-over switch 21 and load bypass the lower end of load motor 10 and load resistance 32 The lower end of pass 30 is connected, and the center-side of ammeter change-over switch 21 is in parallel with the input terminal of ammeter 20, ammeter change-over switch 21 lower-left end with heating 29 lower end of by-pass switch and 4 lower end of electric heating piece be connected, the left upper end of ammeter change-over switch 21 with add The lower output end of 29 upper end of thermal bypass switch and adjustable stabilized voltage supply 26 is connected.1 outside of hot tank also has movable insulation cover.
Since electric heating piece 4 is passed through the side that hot tank 1 transfers heat to thermoelectric generation film 5, temperature difference hair by the present invention Thermal energy, is thus just converted into electric energy by another side installation cooling fin 6 and fan 7 of electric piece 5.Load motor 10 and negative It is in parallel with thermoelectric generation film 5 by the right end of load changeover switch 18 and left end respectively to carry resistance 32, so that it may thermoelectric generation film 5 Electric energy be further converted into the thermal energy in the mechanical energy or load resistance 32 of load motor 10, so as to easily and accurately Quantitative measurment and calculating efficiency of heat engine, and there is no pollution of indoor environment.Fifth wheel 12 that the present invention installs, force plate 13 The mutual structure of equal associated components, cooperates dynamometer and revolution counter in the prior art to measure load motor in which can be convenient 10 real output, and the relation curve of its output torque and revolving speed can be measured, and find its peak power output, And the knowledge points such as torque, power, action and reaction power for being related to mechanical knowledge.Internal resistance of source measurement can be also carried out simultaneously to set Meter property experiment content.Namely mechanics, calorifics, Experiments of Electricity content are integrated into a compostive design experiment project by the present invention , be conducive to the creativity consciousness and ability that improve student.Voltmeter change-over switch 17, ammeter change-over switch 21, heating is other Way switch 29, load by-pass switch 30 access circuit in a manner of ingenious, may make that voltmeter 16 and ammeter 20 can be with a tables two With reducing costs and be convenient to use.The movable insulation cover having outside hot tank 1 can also increase efficiency of heat engine and insulation The experiment content of fine or not relationship.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is mechanical schematic diagram of the invention;
Fig. 2 is circuit diagram of the invention;
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In fig. 1 and 2, attaching plug 34 by the input terminal of power switch 35 and conducting wire and adjustable stabilized voltage supply 26 simultaneously Connection.The top of the casing 15 of iron sheet production is mounted with hot tank 1 made of metal material.Hot tank 1 is above that can remove or cover On hot tank lid 2, hot tank cover face install a handle 3.The insulation cover that there are one 1 outsides of hot tank can put on and remove, The insulation cover can be more than 120 degree of material production with heatproof.The upper output end and electric heating piece 4 and voltmeter of adjustable stabilized voltage supply 26 16 upper end is connected.Fan power supply 33, voltage apparent source 27, electric current apparent source 28(are simultaneous to heater temperature meter 22 and cooling fin temperature 23 power supply of degree meter) power input it is in parallel after it is in parallel with 220V power supply line again.One medial surface of hot tank 1 installs electric heating piece 4. The lateral surface of hot tank 1 installs thermoelectric generation film 5 close to the position of electric heating piece 4, and mounting surface will smear heat-conducting silicone grease help and conduct heat.Temperature The another side of poor power generation sheet 5 installs cooling fin 6.Cooling fin 6 nearby installs fan 7, and fan 7 is fixed on heat dissipation by fixed frame 8 On piece 6.Heater temperature sensor 24 is mounted on electric heating piece 4, and heater temperature meter 22 passes through conducting wire and heater temperature sensor 24 It is mounted on casing 15 after being connected.Heat sink temperature sensor 25 is mounted on cooling fin 6.Heatsink temperature meter 23 and cooling fin Temperature sensor 25 is mounted on casing 15 after being connected by conducting wire.Load motor 10 and load resistance 32 pass through load respectively The right end of change-over switch 18 and left end are in parallel with thermoelectric generation film 5.Electric heating piece 4 and adjustable stabilized voltage supply 26 are converted by ammeter Switch 21(or heating by-pass switch 29) it is parallel with one another.
Load motor 10 is screwed in the top of casing 15 by bracket 9.In the shaft 11 of load motor 10 Fifth wheel 12 is installed, fifth wheel 12 sticks laser reflection piece, to facilitate laser velocimeter to measure revolving speed.The axle center position of fifth wheel 12 It sets installation and lengthens shaft 37.It lengthens shaft 37 and passes through force plate 13 and pressure spring 36 and top plate 38.Force plate 13 and fifth wheel 12 it Between against pressure spring 36 elastic force and the mutually frictional force that both contacts with each other, thus generate in order to measuring torque.Outside force plate 13 Along aperture is had, to facilitate the hook of dynamometer to catch on.Top plate 38 with the screw with small handle with screw (can facilitate adjusting) It is mounted on the top on casing 15.The screw hole of 38 bottom of top plate is strip, to facilitate the pressure for adjusting pressure spring 36, thus Change the frictional force between force plate 13 and fifth wheel 12, so that load motor 10 obtains different revolving speeds and different turns Square.
The lower end of electric heating piece 4 and thermoelectric generation film 5 connects left end and the right end of voltmeter change-over switch 17, voltmeter 16 respectively Lower input termination voltmeter change-over switch 17 center-side, voltmeter 16 upper input termination electric heating piece 4 upper end.The technology Feature benefit: a voltmeter is dual-purpose.
It is opened with the bottom righthand side of ammeter change-over switch 21 and load bypass the lower end of load motor 10 and load resistance 32 The lower end of pass 30 is connected, and the center-side of ammeter change-over switch 21 is in parallel with the input terminal of ammeter 20, ammeter change-over switch 21 lower-left end is connected with the lower end of heating 29 lower end of by-pass switch and electric heating piece 4.The left upper end of ammeter change-over switch 21 with The lower output end for heating 29 upper end of by-pass switch and adjustable stabilized voltage supply 26 is connected, the technical characteristic benefit a: ammeter two With.The effect of isolation resistance 39 is to play path effect when surveying voltage (voltmeter internal resistance reaches a megaohm rank, and isolation resistance 39 Resistance value be 3K be access, will not influence voltage measurement), but to other work because the high 3K of resistance value plays isolation effect again.
1 outside of hot tank also has movable insulation cover, and efficiency of heat engine and heat engine adiabatic condition can be studied by covering and removing Relationship.
Voltmeter 16, ammeter 20, heating voltage adjust 36(namely the voltage of 26 internal circuit of adjustable stabilized voltage supply is adjusted Potentiometer), power switch 35, voltmeter change-over switch 17, load changeover switch 18, load indicator light 19, ammeter conversion open Close 21, heating by-pass switch 29, load by-pass switch 30 is mounted on entirely on the panel of casing 15.
The present embodiment part of devices reference value is as follows: load motor 10 is micro- with the common compact AC permanent magnet without speed stabilizing Type motor.3 ohm of the resistance value of load resistance 32, power 5W.Load changeover switch 18 is with center-off gear.Current limliting 31 resistance value of resistance is 200 ohm.The double-pole double throw toggle switch of ammeter change-over switch 21.Remaining each switch is small-sized with hilted broadsword Button toggle switch.The resistance-type sheet-type heating element of electric heating piece 4, size length and width are all 4 centimetres.Voltmeter 16 is small with 10-20V Type Digital direct current voltage meter.Ammeter also uses Miniature digital direct current.The high power switch electricity of the 12V5A of adjustable stabilized voltage supply 26 Source, the common three-terminal voltage-stabilizing power supply of remaining each power supply.Heater temperature meter 22 and the small-sized liquid crystal digital of heatsink temperature meter 23 Thermometer.
The experimentation of the present embodiment is as follows: after powering on, electric heating piece 4 generates heat due to must be electric, while fan 7 also turns It is dynamic.This left and right face for allowing for thermoelectric generation film 5 generates the temperature difference and generates electricity.If load changeover switch 18 connects left position, allow for Load resistance 32 obtains electric energy and acting of generating heat, while indicator light 19 lights.Voltmeter change-over switch 17, which is allocated to right position, to be surveyed Voltage U on load resistance 32 out.The electrical power then obtained on load resistance 32 is U2/ 3, this namely heat engine output electric work Rate.Ammeter change-over switch 21 is allocated to left position again, disconnects heating by-pass switch 29, connecting the purpose of loading by-pass switch 30(is Load circuit is maintained still to connect).This can measure electric current I on electric heating piece 4.Voltmeter change-over switch 17 is allocated to left position can The voltage V on electric heating piece 4 is measured, then efficiency of heat engine n=(U2/ 3)/IV.Load changeover switch 18 is connect intermediate neutral gear position again, is surveyed Floating voltage in thermoelectric generation film 5 namely its electricity generation and electromotion gesture out.Thermo-electric generation power supply can be calculated by above-mentioned data Internal resistance.If catching on force plate 13(with portable digital dynamometer (or spring scale) to hook on its aperture), then load transfer Switch 18 connects right position, allows for load motor 10 and obtains electric energy and rotate, anti-with the laser beam alignment laser of laser revolution counter Its revolving speed can be read by penetrating piece 14.And the reading for catching on the digital force gauge of force plate 13 is exactly the load motor under the revolving speed (frictional force i.e. between force plate 13 and fifth wheel 12, this is based on Newton's third law -- active force to power in 10 torque Equal to reaction force), the radius multiplied by force-detecting position is exactly torque.Further according to power=(torque rotary speed)/9550 relationship, The output power of load motor 10 can be calculated.The output power of load motor 10 divided by the electricity on electric heating piece 4 Stream and voltage product are exactly efficiency of heat engine.It is at this time exactly the efficiency of heat engine for thermal energy being converted to mechanical energy.Utilize heater temperature meter 22 and heatsink temperature meter 23 on reading, can also calculate the Carnot efficiency of heat engine.
If adjusting the front-rear position of top plate 38 (by adjusting the adjustable screw of 38 bottom of top plate just), so that it may adjust pressure Spring 36 is to the pressure of force plate 13, to adjust the frictional force between force plate 13 and fifth wheel 12.This just can be obtained different Revolving speed and corresponding torque, so carry out load motor 10 revolving speed and output power between relationship operation curve measurement Experiment content, and revolving speed corresponding to maximum power output can be found out.
Influence experiment content of the heat preservation situation of hot tank 1 to efficiency of heat engine can be also carried out, this is by whether presetting hot tank 1 It is tested with insulation cover.
The present invention can also do the heat engine lecture experiment with other non-electric heat sources.Method and is used instead not to 4 power transmission of electric heating piece The heat sources such as hot water, alcolhol burner drive load motor 10 to rotate.The water of 100 degree just opened can be poured into hot tank 1 at this time, at this time Load motor 10 is just turned over, very interesting also to attract very much student.
Embodiment 2 is simple version.It is thermometer to be changed into alcohol thermometer, and voltmeter and ammeter change mechanical finger into Pin type, remove ammeter change-over switch 21, voltmeter change-over switch 17, heating by-pass switch 29, load by-pass switch 30.And In the direct shunt voltage table of 4 branch of electric heating piece and series electrical flow table, also direct shunt voltage table and the series connection of 5 branch of thermoelectric generation film Ammeter.Experimentation can refer to above-described embodiment.
Embodiment 3 is that various components of the present invention are copied above structure and layout, is mounted on the experimental box of an open type Fig. 3 is seen in the inside.Instrument and switch are mounted on the panel in left side (a part that also can be considered casing 15), adjustable stabilized voltage supply Each power supplys such as 26 etc. are mounted on the panel bottom in left side, and right area installs rest part (namely on the top of aforesaid chassis 15 Those of component), experiment is over and can cover experiment case lid.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of efficiency of heat engine power thermoelectricity comprehensive test instrument includes attaching plug (34), casing (15), adjustable stabilized voltage supply (26), fan power supply (33), it is characterized in that the medial surface of hot tank (1) installs electric heating piece (4), the lateral surface of hot tank (1) installs temperature The another side of poor power generation sheet (5), thermoelectric generation film (5) installs cooling fin (6), and cooling fin (6) nearby installs fan (7), hot tank Temperature sensor (24) is mounted on electric heating piece (4), and heater temperature meter (22) passes through conducting wire and heater temperature sensor (24) phase Even after be mounted on casing (15), heat sink temperature sensor (25) is mounted on cooling fin (6), heatsink temperature meter (23) with Heat sink temperature sensor (25) is mounted on casing (15) after being connected, and load motor (10) is mounted on machine by bracket (9) On shell (15), load motor (10) and load resistance (32) pass through the right end of load changeover switch (18) and left end and temperature respectively Poor power generation sheet (5) is in parallel, and electric heating piece (4) is in parallel with adjustable stabilized voltage supply (26), pacifies in the shaft (11) of load motor (10) It fills fifth wheel (12), the shaft core position installation of fifth wheel (12) lengthens shaft (37), lengthens shaft (37) and passes through force plate (13) With pressure spring (36) and top plate (38), the bottom of top plate (38) is fixed on casing (15), and force plate (13) is leaned on fifth wheel (12) The elastic force of pressure spring (36) and contact with each other.
2. efficiency of heat engine power thermoelectricity comprehensive test instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that electric heating piece (4) and thermoelectric generation film (5) lower end connects left end and the right end of voltmeter change-over switch (17) respectively, and the lower input termination voltmeter of voltmeter (16) turns Change the center-side of switch (17), the upper end of upper input termination electric heating piece (4) of voltmeter (16).
3. efficiency of heat engine power thermoelectricity comprehensive test instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that load motor (10) and load The lower end of resistance (32) is connected with the lower end of the bottom righthand side of ammeter change-over switch (21) and load by-pass switch (30), ammeter The center-side of change-over switch (21) is in parallel with the input terminal of ammeter (20), the lower-left end of ammeter change-over switch (21) and heating By-pass switch (29) lower end and electric heating piece (4) lower end are connected, the left upper end and heating by-pass switch of ammeter change-over switch (21) (29) the lower output end of upper end and adjustable stabilized voltage supply (26) is connected.
4. efficiency of heat engine power thermoelectricity comprehensive test instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the outside of hot tank (1) also has work Dynamic formula insulation cover.
CN201810973162.1A 2018-08-24 2018-08-24 Efficiency of heat engine power thermoelectricity comprehensive test instrument Pending CN109036034A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113487945A (en) * 2021-07-23 2021-10-08 赣南医学院 Teaching device for practical training based on electronic technology

Citations (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2294502Y (en) * 1997-01-04 1998-10-14 任伟德 Heat-electricity change-over experiment device with semiconductor refrigerating element
CN200956021Y (en) * 2006-09-07 2007-10-03 河海大学 Pyroelectrice effect experiment device
CN101968936A (en) * 2010-09-03 2011-02-09 赵杰 Semiconductor refrigeration thermo-electric generation experimental instrument
CN203225048U (en) * 2013-04-27 2013-10-02 乐山师范学院 Joule's law experimental teaching demonstrator
CN105242148A (en) * 2015-10-31 2016-01-13 武汉理工大学 Thermoelectric module characteristic testing device
CN206774057U (en) * 2017-03-21 2017-12-19 河海大学 A kind of pyroelectric effect instrument
CN206975893U (en) * 2016-10-11 2018-02-06 上饶师范学院 Seebeck effect experiment instrument

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2294502Y (en) * 1997-01-04 1998-10-14 任伟德 Heat-electricity change-over experiment device with semiconductor refrigerating element
CN200956021Y (en) * 2006-09-07 2007-10-03 河海大学 Pyroelectrice effect experiment device
CN101968936A (en) * 2010-09-03 2011-02-09 赵杰 Semiconductor refrigeration thermo-electric generation experimental instrument
CN203225048U (en) * 2013-04-27 2013-10-02 乐山师范学院 Joule's law experimental teaching demonstrator
CN105242148A (en) * 2015-10-31 2016-01-13 武汉理工大学 Thermoelectric module characteristic testing device
CN206975893U (en) * 2016-10-11 2018-02-06 上饶师范学院 Seebeck effect experiment instrument
CN206774057U (en) * 2017-03-21 2017-12-19 河海大学 A kind of pyroelectric effect instrument

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113487945A (en) * 2021-07-23 2021-10-08 赣南医学院 Teaching device for practical training based on electronic technology

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