CN109023943A - 一种全棉纱卡的生产工艺 - Google Patents

一种全棉纱卡的生产工艺 Download PDF

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CN109023943A
CN109023943A CN201810775301.XA CN201810775301A CN109023943A CN 109023943 A CN109023943 A CN 109023943A CN 201810775301 A CN201810775301 A CN 201810775301A CN 109023943 A CN109023943 A CN 109023943A
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于志林
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Jiaxing Ruyu Textile Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种全棉纱卡的生产工艺，涉及纺织领域，包括以下步骤，S1络筒、S2整经、S3浆纱、S4穿经、S5织造；所述S3浆纱中浆料包括如下重量份的组分：玉米淀粉50‑70份、α‑淀粉酶1‑3份、葡萄糖淀粉酶1‑3份、盐酸1‑2份、水杨酸0.2‑0.4份、柔软剂1‑3份、表面活性剂2‑4份。α‑淀粉酶迅速切断直链淀粉和部分支链淀粉中的α‑1,4糖苷键，葡萄糖淀粉酶能够切开α‑1,6糖苷键，使淀粉分子变小，增加浆料的流动性，进而提高渗透性，有利于提高上浆效果，减少经纱断头率。

Description

一种全棉纱卡的生产工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织领域，特别涉及一种全棉纱卡的生产工艺。
背景技术
纱卡是卡其的一种，经线和纬线均为单纱。全棉纱卡即所用原料百分百为纯棉的纱卡，具有布面匀整光洁、质朴柔和、定型稳定、吸湿耐磨等特点，多用于休闲裤。现有技术中，单纱织造成纱卡的工艺流程主要包括：络筒、整经、浆纱、穿经、织造、整理。其中浆纱是指在经纱上施加浆料以提高其可织性的工艺过程。可织性是指经纱在织机上能承受经停片、综、筘等的反复摩擦、拉伸、弯曲等作用而不致大量起毛甚至断裂的性能。
公开号为CN101265662A的中国专利公开了一种涤棉纱卡面料用环保浆料，由如下原料制成，玉米变性淀粉50kg、火碱0.2kg、羧甲基淀粉37.5kg、甲基丙烯酸甲酯8kg、蜡片1kg、抗静电剂1kg和KHM一01纳米浆料1kg。
上述浆料的主料是淀粉，不含PVA，相对环保。但是存在以下技术缺陷：一、淀粉浆膜脆硬，比起坚韧有弹性的PVA浆膜，上浆效果差，影响织物触摸的手感；二、甲基丙烯酸甲酯作为一种化工原料，具有中等毒性，应避免长期接触，不适用于作为柔软剂；三、淀粉易被微生物侵蚀。
发明内容
针对上述技术缺陷，本发明的目的是提供一种全棉纱卡的生产工艺，经纱上浆处理时采用的浆料上浆效果好且不易被腐蚀。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下技术方案：
一种全棉纱卡的生产工艺，涉及由棉纤维经纺纱工艺加工而成的经纱和纬纱，包括以下步骤，
S1络筒：将经纱和纬纱卷绕成筒子，并清除疵点、杂质；
S2整经：将经纱卷在经轴上；
S3浆纱：将经轴放在浆纱机上，使经纱浸入浆料，经过吸浆后通过烘箱烘干；
S4穿经：将经轴上的经纱依次穿入综丝和钢筘，并在经纱上插放停经片；
S5织造：将经轴在梭织机上通过梭子导纬纱，交织成坯布；
所述S3浆纱中浆料包括如下重量份的组分：
玉米淀粉50-70份
α-淀粉酶1-3份
葡萄糖淀粉酶1-3份
盐酸1-2份
水杨酸0.2-0.4份
柔软剂1-3份
表面活性剂2-4份。
通过采用上述技术方案，α-淀粉酶迅速切断直链淀粉和部分支链淀粉中的α-1，4糖苷键，葡萄糖淀粉酶能够切开α-1，6糖苷键，使淀粉分子变小，增加浆料的流动性，进而提高渗透性，有利于提高上浆效果，减少经纱断头率。α-淀粉酶和葡萄糖淀粉酶之间存在协同作用，可以相互促进彼此水解效率，减少调浆时间，提高效率。当温度继续升高直至超过酶的失活温度并维持15到30分钟时，酶便失去活性而无法与淀粉发生反应，有利于提高浆料的稳定性，便于控制浆料的粘性。
盐酸一方面能对淀粉进行改性，减小淀粉的糊化粘度，另一方面能降低淀粉的分子量，增加浆料的流动性，提高上浆效果。水杨酸具有防腐效果，避免浆料被微生物腐蚀。同时盐酸和水杨酸能够调节浆料的PH值至酸性，进而使得α-淀粉酶和葡萄糖淀粉酶的活性达到最大，加速酶水解淀粉。
本发明进一步设置为：所述柔软剂为牛脂。
通过采用上述技术方案，油脂分子的介入，扩大了淀粉分子之间的距离，使得淀粉分子之间的作用力被削弱，链段易于运动，进而使得浆膜变得柔软。
本发明进一步设置为：所述表面活性剂为十六烷基三甲基氯化铵。
通过采用上述技术方案，浆料表面的张力降低，增进浆料浸透性，提高经纱上浆效果，同时十六烷基三甲基氯化铵的毒性较小，能够用于纺织领域。
本发明进一步设置为：所述浆料还包括按重量份数计1-2份抗静电剂。
通过采用上述技术方案，经纱经抗静电剂处理后表面形成一层离子膜，使得静电不易在经纱表面积聚，从而减轻静电效应。
本发明进一步设置为：所述抗静电剂由按重量份1∶1的聚烯丙基胺盐酸盐和聚氨酯抗静电剂混合而成。
通过采用上述技术方案，聚烯丙基胺盐酸盐和聚氨酯抗静电剂数据不同类型的抗静电剂，作用原理有所不同，存在协同效应，使得抗静电效果大大加强。
本发明进一步设置为：所述浆料还包括按重量份数计2-5份纳米二氧化硅。
通过采用上述技术方案，纳米二氧化硅具有絮状和网状的准颗粒结构，比表面积大，表面能高，进而和淀粉大分子上的羟基之间键合，提高分子间的键力；纳米二氧化硅的小尺寸效应和宏观量子隧道效应，使其能伸入到淀粉高分子链的不饱和键附近，并与不饱和键的电子云发生作用，从而使浆料具有更好的成膜性，浆膜会更加光滑，改善浆纱的表面性能。
本发明进一步设置为：所述纳米二氧化硅的粒径≤35nm。
通过采用上述技术方案，纳米二氧化硅的粒径较小，能较好的融入浆料中。
本发明进一步设置为：所述纳米二氧化硅的份数为3-4份。
通过采用上述技术方案，纳米二氧化硅能够带给浆料较好的成膜性，使得浆纱获得优良的表面性能，并且不会影响自身在浆料中的均匀分散。
综上所述，本发明具有以下有益效果：
1.浆料内α-淀粉酶和葡萄糖淀粉酶之间存在协同效应，使得淀粉的水解效率提高，增加浆料的流动性，进而增加上浆效果；
2.聚烯丙基胺盐酸盐和聚氨酯抗静电剂的添加，使得经纱抗静电效果大大增强；
3.纳米二氧化硅的添加，使得浆料成膜性更好，浆膜均匀且有韧性，表面性能好。
具体实施方式
实施例一：
一种全棉纱卡的生产工艺，涉及由棉纤维经纺纱工艺加工而成的经纱和纬纱，包括以下步骤：
S1络筒：通过CY215A络筒机将经纱和纬纱卷绕成筒子，并清除疵点、杂质，卷纱速度为800r/min；
S2整经：通过JYW400/AP整经机将多根经纱卷在经轴上，整经速度为300r/min；
S3浆纱：通过S358系列浆纱机将经轴上的经纱引出，使经纱浸入浆料，经过吸浆后通过烘箱烘干，其中机线速度50m/min，；
S4穿经：通过YXS-A型自动穿经机将经轴上的经纱依次穿入综丝和钢筘，并在经纱上插放停经片，穿经速度100/rim；
S5织造：通过GA615型梭织机将经轴在梭织机上通过梭子导纬纱，交织成全棉纱卡。
S3浆纱中浆料包括如下重量份的组分：
玉米淀粉50份
α-淀粉酶1份
葡萄糖淀粉酶1份
盐酸1份
水杨酸0.2份
柔软剂1份
表面活性剂2份
抗静电剂1份
纳米二氧化硅2份。
抗静电剂由按重量份1∶1的聚烯丙基胺盐酸盐和聚氨酯抗静电剂混合而成，聚氨酯抗静电剂购自山东聚力防静电科技有限公司。表面活性剂为十六烷基三甲基氯化铵，柔软剂为牛脂，盐酸浓度为10％，纳米二氧化硅的粒径≤35nm。
浆料调制工艺包括如下步骤：
步骤一、先往SGA901B型调浆桶放入35份水，开低速搅拌，再放入1份α-淀粉酶、1份葡萄糖淀粉酶、1份盐酸、0.2份水杨酸、1份牛脂、1份抗静电剂、2份纳米二氧化硅，接着慢慢放入50份玉米淀粉，开汽至35℃，高低速同时开，搅拌60分钟；
步骤二、温度升至60℃定浓，开低速，关高速；
步骤三、开汽煮沸30分钟，高低速同时开；
步骤四、焖浆20分钟。
实施例二：
与实施例一不同的是，按重量份数计，浆料组分如表1所示。
实施例三：
与实施例一不同的是，按重量份数计，浆料组分如表1所示。
实施例四：
与实施例一不同的是，按重量份数计，浆料组分如表1所示。
实施例五：
与实施例一不同的是，按重量份数计，浆料组分如表1所示。
对比例一：
与实施例一不同的是，按重量份数计，浆料组分如表1所示。
对比例二：
与实施例一不同的是，按重量份数计，浆料组分如表1所示。
对比例三：
与实施例一不同的是，按重量份数计，浆料组分如表1所示。
对比例四：
与实施例一不同的是，按重量份数计，浆料组分如表1所示。
对比例五：
与实施例一不同的是，按重量份数计，浆料组分如表1所示。
上浆效果测试：
1、浆料粘着力
按照国家行业标准《FZ/T 15001-2008附录》方法测定，测定结果如表1所示。
2、毛羽指数
按照《FZ/T01086-2000》方法测定，测定速度30rm/min，测定长度10m，试验次数30次，测定结果如表1所示。
3、耐磨性
在Y-731型抱合力仪上进行，速度127次/min，砝码重量195g，测定结果如表1所示。
4、浆纱增强率
按照国家行业标准《GB/T 3916-1997》方法测定，隔距长度500mm，拉伸速度500mm/min，测定结果如表1所示。
表1
续表1
本具体实施例仅仅是对本发明的解释，其并不是对本发明的限制，本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改，但只要在本发明的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。

Claims (8)

1.一种全棉纱卡的生产工艺，涉及由棉纤维经纺纱工艺加工而成的经纱和纬纱，其特征在于：包括以下步骤，
S1络筒：将经纱和纬纱卷绕成筒子，并清除疵点、杂质；
S2整经：将经纱卷在经轴上；
S3浆纱：将经轴放在浆纱机上，使经纱浸入浆料，经过吸浆后通过烘箱烘干；
S4穿经：将经轴上的经纱依次穿入综丝和钢筘，并在经纱上插放停经片；
S5织造：将经轴在梭织机上通过梭子导纬纱，交织成坯布；
所述S3浆纱中浆料包括如下重量份的组分：
玉米淀粉 50-70份
α-淀粉酶 1-3份
葡萄糖淀粉酶 1-3份
盐酸 1-2份
水杨酸 0.2-0.4份
柔软剂 1-3份
表面活性剂 2-4份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种全棉纱卡的生产工艺，其特征在于：所述柔软剂为牛脂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种全棉纱卡的生产工艺，其特征在于：所述表面活性剂为十六烷基三甲基氯化铵。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种全棉纱卡的生产工艺，其特征在于：所述浆料还包括按重量份数计1-2份抗静电剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种全棉纱卡的生产工艺，其特征在于：所述抗静电剂由按重量份1:1的聚烯丙基胺盐酸盐和聚氨酯抗静电剂混合而成。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种全棉纱卡的生产工艺，其特征在于：所述浆料还包括按重量份数计2-5份纳米二氧化硅。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种全棉纱卡的生产工艺，其特征在于：所述纳米二氧化硅的粒径≤35nm。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种全棉纱卡的生产工艺，其特征在于：所述纳米二氧化硅的份数为3-4份。
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