CN109022882B - Preparation method of ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix space lattice composite material - Google Patents

Preparation method of ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix space lattice composite material Download PDF

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CN109022882B
CN109022882B CN201810777249.1A CN201810777249A CN109022882B CN 109022882 B CN109022882 B CN 109022882B CN 201810777249 A CN201810777249 A CN 201810777249A CN 109022882 B CN109022882 B CN 109022882B
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CN109022882A (en
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卢德宏
唐露
冯家玮
何光宇
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1005Pretreatment of the non-metallic additives
    • C22C1/1015Pretreatment of the non-metallic additives by preparing or treating a non-metallic additive preform
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1005Pretreatment of the non-metallic additives
    • C22C1/1015Pretreatment of the non-metallic additives by preparing or treating a non-metallic additive preform
    • C22C1/1021Pretreatment of the non-metallic additives by preparing or treating a non-metallic additive preform the preform being ceramic

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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix space lattice composite material, which comprises the following steps: (1) manufacturing a metal mould comprising a plurality of spherical cavities arranged in a plane lattice, wherein the mould can be divided into an upper part and a lower part, and a metal net is arranged between the upper part and the lower part; (2) mixing ceramic particles and a binder to prepare slurry, filling the slurry into a metal mold, compacting, and then sintering at high temperature to prepare a single-layer prefabricated body; (3) placing a metal mesh layer among the single-layer prefabricated bodies for stacking arrangement, adding a binder for bonding, and then sintering at high temperature to obtain a three-dimensional prefabricated body; (4) and putting the three-dimensional prefabricated body into a sand mold prepared in advance, pouring a metal matrix melt, and infiltrating to obtain the ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix space lattice composite material. The preparation method overcomes the problems of difficult normal pressure permeation and insufficient obdurability of the micron-sized ceramic particle reinforced steel-based composite material.

Description

Preparation method of ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix space lattice composite material
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix space lattice composite material, belonging to the technical field of composite materials.
Background
The metal matrix composite material reinforced by the ceramic particles in a uniformly dispersed manner has excellent wear resistance, but the plasticity and toughness are poor, and the composite material is easy to fall off and break under the working condition of higher impact load, so that the composite material fails. In addition, the ordinary uniform ceramic reinforced metal matrix composite material is difficult to infiltrate under normal pressure, has poor infiltration effect and is difficult to have good performance.
CN101899585A mixes carbide ceramic particles or hard alloy broken particles with metal, and sinters into column, strip, block and honeycomb preforms at high temperature, arranges regularly on the end face of the casting mold, and then injects metal liquid into the gaps of the ceramic particles to form the composite material. Although the impact resistance of the composite material can be improved. However, only carbide or carbide particles which have the capability of wetting with molten metal can be used, and the cost is still high. In addition, the pouring process is to place each preform in a sand mold, the operation is complex, the space is not strong, and the preform is easy to shift in the molten metal pouring process. CN107056257A three-dimensional network interpenetrating 60 is prepared in low-melting-point materials such as paraffin, plastics and the like by using a self-made manipulator and a porous drilloThen pouring ceramic slurry into the holes, forming by a gel method, and then curing, drying and sintering to obtain the three-dimensional network interpenetrating 60oAn interactive ceramic skeleton. Although the interpenetration of the ceramic skeleton is 60oThe ceramic bracket is a stable and firm three-dimensional structure, but the ceramic bracket is too complex to be industrially produced. CN104874768A is based on 3D printingThe technology comprises the steps of printing a plastic model, pouring prepared ceramic slurry into the plastic model, burning the plastic in a heating furnace, and finally obtaining the three-dimensional space composite material by an extrusion casting method. Although the forming speed is high, the problem of pollution is great in the process of burning off the plastic, and the requirement of environmental protection is not met. CN101912957A is a composite material obtained by making SiC ceramic particles into a ceramic skeleton with interpenetrating networks and then pouring metal. When the method is used for preparing the ceramic framework, stress concentration is easily caused at the intersection of the ceramic framework, and the ceramic framework is easily broken from the stress concentration of the framework.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of a ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix space lattice composite material, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) manufacturing a metal mould comprising a plurality of spherical cavities arranged in a plane lattice, wherein the mould can be divided into an upper part and a lower part, and a metal net is arranged between the upper part and the lower part;
(2) mixing ceramic particles and a binder to prepare slurry, pouring the slurry into a metal mold, compacting, and then sintering at a high temperature to prepare a single-layer prefabricated body, wherein ceramic small balls in the single-layer prefabricated body are arranged in a plane lattice;
(3) placing a metal mesh layer among the single-layer prefabricated bodies for stacking arrangement, adding a binder for bonding, and then sintering at high temperature to obtain a three-dimensional prefabricated body;
(4) and putting the three-dimensional prefabricated body into a sand mold prepared in advance, pouring a metal matrix melt, and infiltrating to obtain the ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix space lattice composite material.
The mold described in step (1) may be manufactured by conventional machining.
Preferably, the diameter of the spherical cavity in the metal mold in the step (1) is 1-10 mm, and the distance between adjacent spherical cavities is 0.5-5 mm.
Preferably, the ceramic particles in the step (2) are one or a mixture of several of 60-250 meshes of ZTA, alumina, zirconia, tungsten carbide, silicon carbide, titanium carbide and titanium nitride in any proportion.
Preferably, the binder in step (2) and step (3) is silica sol, water glass or aluminum metaphosphate.
Preferably, the adding amount of the binder in the step (2) is 3-10% of the mass of the ceramic particles; and (4) adding the binder in the step (3) in an amount of 3-10% of the mass of the ceramic pellets.
Preferably, the sintering process in the step (2) is roasting at 600-900 ℃ for 1-2.5 h.
Preferably, the sintering process in the step (2) comprises heating to 400-500 ℃ and preserving heat for 0.5-1 h, and then heating to 600-900 ℃ and roasting for 1-2.5 h.
Preferably, the sintering process in the step (3) is roasting at 300-450 ℃ for 1-2.5 h.
Preferably, the metal matrix in step (4) is an aluminum alloy, a copper alloy or steel.
Preferably, the impregnation method in the step (4) includes normal pressure impregnation, extrusion casting, die casting, low pressure casting, and lost foam casting.
The principle is as follows: the idea of the invention is the idea of grading configuration compounding, on one hand, the toughness of the composite material is improved, and on the other hand, the infiltration of molten steel is promoted. Because thick gaps among the millimeter-scale first-order spherical prefabricated particles (ceramic balls) provide wide channels for molten steel infiltration, the molten steel is easy to infiltrate, and then the molten steel is further infiltrated into the insides of the first-order spherical prefabricated particles (the internal structure of the first-order spherical prefabricated particles is the same as that of a common reinforcing phase uniformly-distributed prefabricated body). That is to say, hierarchical configuration has been changed into the infiltration problem to the inside spherical prefabricated granule of the first order of millimeter level with the infiltration problem of molten steel to whole preform thickness to greatly reduced the degree of difficulty of infiltrating. Through the integral action, the composite material not only has high strength, but also has good plastic toughness. Can be used in a high-impact load working environment.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the metal die can be used for multiple times, so that the cost is reduced, and the environment is protected;
2. solves the problem that the metal liquid is difficult to infiltrate into the ceramic particles under the condition of normal pressure infiltration. In the invention, under the condition of normal pressure infiltration, the channels among the ceramic pellets can enable molten metal to well infiltrate into the ceramic, and further the infiltration inside the ceramic pellets is easy. Meanwhile, the large channels among the small metal balls can be used for more easily infiltrating metal, effectively preventing crack propagation and prolonging the service life of the composite material;
3. the model of the spherical ceramic ball is adopted, the sharp angle effect is avoided, and cracks are not easy to expand;
4. the preparation method of the ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix space lattice composite material can be applied to the working condition of high impact load abrasion, has a simple process and is suitable for industrial production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a mold for producing a single-layer preform;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a three-dimensional preform;
FIG. 5 is a gold phase diagram of the composite material obtained in example 4.
In the figure: 1-metal matrix, 2-ceramic particles, 3-ceramic pellets, 4-metal mesh.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and detailed description.
Example 1: and preparing the high manganese steel-based composite material.
(1) Manufacturing a metal mold comprising a plurality of spherical cavities which are arranged in a plane lattice manner by machining, wherein the diameter of each spherical cavity is 5mm, and the distance between every two adjacent spherical cavities is 1 mm; the mould can be divided into an upper part and a lower part, and a metal net (shown in figure 1) is arranged between the upper part and the lower part;
(2) mixing 60-mesh ZTA (zirconia toughened alumina) ceramic particles with water glass to prepare slurry, wherein the addition amount of the water glass is 3 percent of the mass of the ZTA ceramic particles; pouring into a metal mold, compacting, then placing into a heating furnace, heating to 450 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5h, then heating to 900 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, ensuring certain strength, and preparing into a single-layer preform, wherein the ceramic beads in the single-layer preform are arranged in a plane lattice manner (as shown in figure 2);
(3) placing a metal mesh layer in the middle of a plurality of single-layer preforms in a stacking arrangement (as shown in figure 3), and adding water glass for bonding, wherein the adding amount of the water glass is 3% of the mass of the ceramic pellets; then placing the mixture into a heating furnace, and sintering the mixture for 1h at 450 ℃ to obtain a three-dimensional preform (shown in figure 4);
(4) the three-dimensional prefabricated body is placed into a sand mold prepared in advance, high manganese steel (ZGMn 13) is formed into a melt at 1450 ℃ and poured into the sand mold, and the ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix space lattice composite material is prepared by a normal pressure infiltration method.
Example 2: preparing the aluminum alloy matrix composite material.
(1) Manufacturing a metal mold comprising a plurality of spherical cavities which are arranged in a plane lattice manner by machining, wherein the diameter of each spherical cavity is 3mm, and the distance between every two adjacent spherical cavities is 3 mm; the mould can be divided into an upper part and a lower part, and a metal net is arranged between the upper part and the lower part;
(2) placing 250-mesh TiC ceramic particles and 200-mesh WC ceramic particles into a ball mill according to the mass ratio of 3:2 to perform ball milling for 0.5h, fully and uniformly mixing the particles, then adding silica sol, wherein the adding amount of the silica sol is 10% of the total mass of TiC and WC, and performing ball milling for 0.5h to prepare slurry; pouring into a metal mold, compacting, and sintering in a heating furnace at 800 ℃ for 1.5h to ensure certain strength to prepare a single-layer preform, wherein the ceramic beads in the single-layer preform are arranged in a planar lattice manner;
(3) putting a metal mesh layer among the single-layer preforms for stacking arrangement, adding silica sol for bonding, wherein the adding amount of the silica sol is 10% of the mass of the ceramic pellets, then putting the ceramic pellets into a heating furnace, and sintering the ceramic pellets for 1.5h at 400 ℃ to obtain a three-dimensional preform;
(4) putting the three-dimensional preform into a sand mold prepared in advance, forming a melt of cast aluminum alloy (ZAlSi 7 Mg) at 750 ℃, pouring the melt into the sand mold, and applying 70MPa pressure to die-cast to obtain the ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix space lattice composite material.
Example 3: and preparing the copper alloy-based composite material.
(1) Manufacturing a metal mold comprising a plurality of spherical cavities which are arranged in a plane lattice manner by machining, wherein the diameter of each spherical cavity is 10mm, and the distance between every two adjacent spherical cavities is 5 mm; the mould can be divided into an upper part and a lower part, and a metal net is arranged between the upper part and the lower part;
(2) mixing 100-mesh SiC, 150-mesh TiN and 80-mesh ZrO2The mixture is put into a ball mill for ball milling, so that the mixture is fully and uniformly mixed, and then aluminum metaphosphate is added, wherein the adding amount of the aluminum metaphosphate is SiC, TiN and ZrO2Continuously ball-milling 8% of the total mass to prepare slurry; pouring into a metal mold, compacting, heating to 400 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, continuously heating to 600 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, cooling with a furnace, and preparing a single-layer preform, wherein ceramic small balls in the single-layer preform are arranged in a planar lattice manner;
(3) placing a metal mesh layer among the single-layer preforms to be stacked and arranged, adding aluminum metaphosphate for bonding, wherein the adding amount of the aluminum metaphosphate is 8% of the mass of the ceramic pellets, then placing the ceramic pellets into a heating furnace, and sintering the ceramic pellets for 2 hours at 350 ℃ to obtain a three-dimensional preform;
(4) the three-dimensional prefabricated body is fixed in a sand mold prepared in advance by nails, and the distance between the three-dimensional prefabricated body and the bottom and the side surface of the three-dimensional prefabricated body is 5mm respectively, so that the penetration of metal melt is facilitated. Forming a melt of a cast copper alloy (ZCuZn 38Mn2Pb 2) at 990 ℃ and pouring the melt into a sand mold to prepare the ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix space lattice composite material.
Example 4: and extruding and casting to prepare the 40 Cr-based composite material.
(1) Manufacturing a metal mold comprising a plurality of spherical cavities which are arranged in a plane lattice manner by machining, wherein the diameter of each spherical cavity is 1mm, and the distance between every two adjacent spherical cavities is 0.5 mm; the mould can be divided into an upper part and a lower part, and a metal net is arranged between the upper part and the lower part;
(2) al of 200 mesh2O3Putting the mixture and 180-mesh WC ceramic particles into a ball mill according to the mass ratio of 3:2 for ball milling for 0.5h, fully and uniformly mixing the mixture, and then adding water glass, wherein the adding amount of the water glass is Al2O3And 5% of the total mass of WC, and continuously performing ball milling for 0.5h to prepare slurry; pouring into a metal mold, compacting, then placing into a heating furnace, sintering for 2.5 hours at 700 ℃ to ensure certain strength, then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to prepare a single-layer prefabricated body, wherein ceramic small balls in the single-layer prefabricated body are arranged in a plane lattice manner;
(3) putting a metal mesh layer among the single-layer preforms, stacking and arranging, adding water glass for bonding, wherein the adding amount of the water glass is 10% of the mass of the ceramic pellets, then putting the ceramic pellets into a heating furnace, and sintering at 300 ℃ for 2.5 hours to obtain a three-dimensional preform;
(4) and putting the three-dimensional prefabricated body into a sand mold prepared in advance, putting the sand mold into a heat-insulating sleeve, insulating for 60min, quickly putting the three-dimensional prefabricated body into an extrusion mold after discharging, pouring 40Cr molten metal, quickly putting a pressure head on the molten metal, insulating for 20s, and applying 40MPa pressure to enable the 40Cr molten metal to be impregnated into the composite material, thereby preparing the ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix space lattice composite material. The gold phase diagram is shown in fig. 5, and it can be seen from the diagram: the metal is completely infiltrated into the ceramic pellets with the diameter of 6mm, the ceramic particles are uniformly dispersed in the metal matrix, and the joint of the interface of the ceramic particles and the metal matrix has no cracks and gaps, so that the bonding condition is good.

Claims (8)

1. A preparation method of a ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix space lattice composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) manufacturing a metal mould comprising a plurality of spherical cavities arranged in a plane lattice, wherein the mould can be divided into an upper part and a lower part, and a metal net is arranged between the upper part and the lower part;
(2) mixing ceramic particles and a binder to prepare slurry, pouring the slurry into a metal mold, compacting, and then sintering at a high temperature to prepare a single-layer prefabricated body, wherein ceramic small balls in the single-layer prefabricated body are arranged in a plane lattice;
(3) placing a metal mesh layer among the single-layer prefabricated bodies for stacking arrangement, adding a binder for bonding, and then sintering at high temperature to obtain a three-dimensional prefabricated body;
(4) and putting the three-dimensional prefabricated body into a sand mold prepared in advance, pouring a metal matrix melt, and impregnating to obtain the ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix space lattice composite material.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the spherical cavity in the metal mold of step (1) is 1 to 10mm, and the distance between adjacent spherical cavities is 0.5 to 5 mm.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the ceramic particles in the step (2) are one or a mixture of several of 60-250 mesh ZTA, alumina, zirconia, tungsten carbide, silicon carbide, titanium carbide and titanium nitride.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the binder in the steps (2) and (3) is silica sol, water glass or aluminum metaphosphate; in the step (2), the addition amount of the binder is 3-10% of the mass of the ceramic particles; and (4) adding the binder in the step (3) in an amount of 3-10% of the mass of the ceramic pellets.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the sintering process in the step (2) is roasting at 600-900 ℃ for 1-2.5 h.
6. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the sintering process in the step (2) comprises heating to 400-500 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 0.5-1 h, and then heating to 600-900 ℃ and roasting for 1-2.5 h.
7. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the sintering process in the step (3) is roasting at 300-450 ℃ for 1-2.5 h.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the metal substrate in the step (4) is an aluminum alloy, a copper alloy or steel.
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CN103667849B (en) * 2012-09-24 2016-03-30 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 A kind of metal matrix ceramic composites and manufacture method thereof and application
CN104874770A (en) * 2015-05-13 2015-09-02 昆明理工大学 Composite material tamping tine and preparation method thereof

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