CN114622147B - Preparation method of array type particle reinforced composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method of array type particle reinforced composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN114622147B CN114622147B CN202210253669.6A CN202210253669A CN114622147B CN 114622147 B CN114622147 B CN 114622147B CN 202210253669 A CN202210253669 A CN 202210253669A CN 114622147 B CN114622147 B CN 114622147B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C47/02—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments
- C22C47/06—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments by forming the fibres or filaments into a preformed structure, e.g. using a temporary binder to form a mat-like element
- C22C47/062—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments by forming the fibres or filaments into a preformed structure, e.g. using a temporary binder to form a mat-like element from wires or filaments only
- C22C47/066—Weaving wires
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- C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C49/14—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the fibres or filaments
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an array type particle reinforced composite material, belongs to the technical field of composite materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an array type particle reinforced composite material. The invention aims to solve the problems that the traditional preparation methods of particle reinforced composite materials, such as powder metallurgy, stirring manufacturing, infiltration and the like, cannot realize uniform distribution and mutual non-contact of particles of a reinforcement body. The method comprises the following steps: 1. weaving the net by a wire drawing net weaving machine; 2. leveling the bent silk screen by using a leveling machine; 3. spreading the reinforcing particles on a flat screen to embed the particles in the meshes of the screen; 4. forming layer by layer: and (3) superposing the single-layer reinforcing body silk screens layer by layer according to the structural requirement, packaging the single-layer reinforcing body silk screens in a sheath mold, and then transferring the sheath mold to a hot pressing furnace for sintering to obtain the array type particle reinforced composite material. The method is suitable for various matrix materials capable of drawing and weaving nets and all reinforcing body particles, and has excellent comprehensive performance and huge application and development potential.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an array type particle reinforced composite material.
Background
Since the last sixties, metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) have been proposed, and have become a hot point for material research and development due to their advantages of high specific strength, high specific stiffness, good thermal stability, wear resistance, dimensional stability, and settable compositions. Wherein the Particle Reinforced Metal Matrix Composite (PRMMC) is a composite material which combines the advantages of metal (toughness and plasticity) and reinforced particles (high hardness and high modulus) by adding or self-generating a ceramic particle reinforcing phase into a metal matrix. PRMMC has the advantages of low reinforcement cost, uniform microstructure, isotropy of materials, capability of being processed by adopting the traditional metal processing techniques of hot pressing, hot rolling and the like, thereby being more concerned than fiber reinforced and whisker reinforced metal matrix composite materials.
For PRMMC, the mechanical property and service characteristics of the PRMMC have great relationship with the uniformity of the distribution of the reinforcing phase particles, such as the expansion mode of cracks in the fracture process of the composite material, the fracture failure behavior of the composite material and the like. The uniformity degree of the second phase particle distribution in the composite material is directly related to the mechanical property and the service life of the composite material, and the use of the composite material in various working condition environments is restricted. The reinforcement is uniformly distributed, so that the expansion path of cracks can be effectively improved, the stress concentration degree around particles is reduced, the fracture mode of the composite material is improved, and the strength and the plasticity of the material are improved.
Therefore, the preparation process of the metal matrix composite with uniformly distributed reinforcements is developed to obtain the high-quality uniformly distributed metal matrix composite, and the preparation process has important significance for improving the comprehensive performance of the material. However, the existing particle reinforced composite material preparation methods such as powder metallurgy, stirring manufacturing, impregnation and other traditional composite material preparation methods cannot realize the uniform distribution of the particles of the reinforcement.
6253 patent CN1224728C of the applicant of Fan Jian, in order to solve the problem of uneven distribution of reinforcing particles in an aluminum matrix, the preparation method adopts powder metallurgy which is easier to control the distribution of the reinforcing particles, and adopts a ball milling method to mix the reinforcing particles and matrix powder, but the microstructure shows that the reinforcing particles still contact with each other, and the distribution is only macroscopically even and microscopically uneven.
Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a novel method for preparing a material that can make the particles of the reinforcement distributed in the composite material very uniformly.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of an array type particle reinforced composite material, aiming at solving the problems that the traditional preparation methods of particle reinforced composite materials, such as powder metallurgy, stirring manufacturing, infiltration and the like, can not realize the uniform distribution and mutual non-contact of reinforcement particles.
The preparation method of the array type particle reinforced composite material is carried out according to the following steps:
1. and (3) screen mesh weaving: weaving a metal matrix composite material serving as a raw material into a net by using a wire drawing and net weaving machine to obtain a bent silk net;
2. leveling a silk screen: leveling the bent silk screen by using a leveling machine to obtain a flat silk screen;
3. pre-laying a reinforcement: spreading the reinforcing body particles on a flat screen, and embedding the particles into the meshes of the screen to obtain a single-layer reinforcing body screen;
4. forming layer by layer: and (3) superposing the single-layer reinforcing body silk screens layer by layer according to the structural requirement, packaging the single-layer reinforcing body silk screens in a sheath mold, and then transferring the sheath mold to a hot pressing furnace for sintering to obtain the array type particle reinforced composite material.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention utilizes the characteristic of even distribution of the meshes of the arrayed silk screen to flatly spread the particles on the silk screen, so that the particles are embedded into the meshes of the silk screen, thereby achieving the effect of ideal even dispersion, effectively improving the expansion path of cracks, reducing the stress concentration degree around the particles, improving the fracture mode of the composite material, improving the strength and plasticity of the material, prolonging the service life of the composite material and improving the comprehensive performance of the composite material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a single-layer dense-laying of a wire mesh having a wire diameter of 80 μm according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of layer-by-layer formation of a wire mesh according to a first embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a ceramic particle in a stainless steel mesh Kong Qiantao in accordance with one embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a physical diagram of a 304L stainless steel wire mesh in accordance with one embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a drawing of a real object of a 304L stainless steel plate according to one embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a stainless steel square plate according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a photograph showing the zirconium oxide powder spread on a stainless steel wire mesh in the first example;
FIG. 8 is a photomicrograph of a bulk view of the first example in which zirconia powder was spread on a stainless steel wire mesh;
FIG. 9 is a drawing of an embodiment of a composite preform according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a photograph of an array of particulate reinforced composites according to one embodiment;
FIG. 11 is an SEM back-scattered electron image of the arrayed particle-reinforced composite of the first embodiment;
FIG. 12 is a CT tomographic image of the array type particle reinforced composite material according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 13 is a graph showing the uniformity evaluation of the array type particle-reinforced composite material in the first example;
FIG. 14 is a graph of 20vol.% ZrO prepared by a conventional method 2p a/304L composite stereomicroscope image;
FIG. 15 is a 20vol.% ZrO prepared by the conventional method 2p Evaluation curve of homogeneity of the/304L composite material.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the preparation method of the array type particle reinforced composite material of the embodiment is carried out according to the following steps:
1. and (3) weaving a silk screen: weaving a metal matrix composite material serving as a raw material into a net by using a wire drawing and net weaving machine to obtain a bent silk net;
2. leveling a silk screen: leveling the bent silk screen by using a leveling machine to obtain a flat silk screen;
3. pre-laying a reinforcement: spreading the reinforcing body particles on a flat screen, and embedding the particles into the meshes of the screen to obtain a single-layer reinforcing body screen;
4. forming layer by layer: and (3) superposing the single-layer reinforcing body silk screens layer by layer according to the structural requirement, packaging the single-layer reinforcing body silk screens in a sheath mold, and then transferring the sheath mold to a hot pressing furnace for sintering to obtain the array type particle reinforced composite material.
The matrix material of the embodiment is suitable for metals such as stainless steel, copper, silver, zirconium, chromium, molybdenum, aluminum, nickel, titanium, tungsten and the like and alloys thereof, and the reinforcement comprises a series of oxide, carbide and nitride ceramics such as zirconium dioxide, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon carbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride, boron nitride and the like.
The sintering parameters in this embodiment are selected according to the actual conditions of the particle-reinforced composite material.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: in the first step, the wire diameter, the mesh number and the weaving mode of the bent wire mesh are selected according to the particle size and the shape of the reinforcement and the volume fraction of the reinforcement in the particle reinforced composite material, and the corresponding number, particle size and shape of the reinforcement particles are selected after the wire diameter, the mesh number and the weaving mode of the bent wire mesh are determined. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: in the first step, the mesh number of the bent silk screen is 50-1000 meshes, the silk diameter is 20-200 mu m, and the weaving mode is orthogonal weaving or mat type weaving. The others are the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to third embodiments is: in the third step, the particle size of the reinforcing body particles is 10-300 mu m, and the reinforcing body particles are spherical or nearly spherical. The rest is the same as one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: in the third step, the reinforcing body particles are flatly paved on the flat silk screen by adopting a fine soft hair brush to brush the reinforcing body particles on the silk screen, and each particle is ensured to be embedded into one mesh. The rest is the same as one of the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode is as follows: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is: in the fourth step, the single-layer reinforcement silk screen is stacked layer by layer, namely, a plurality of single-layer reinforcement silk screens are stacked layer by layer, and a plurality of layers of flattening silk screens are added between every two adjacent single-layer reinforcement silk screens. The rest is the same as one of the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is: and overlapping the single-layer reinforcement silk screens layer by layer according to rotation angles of 10 degrees, 15 degrees, 18 degrees, 22.5 degrees, 30 degrees and 45 degrees. The rest is the same as one of the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode eight: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to seventh embodiments in that: and adding the metal matrix composite powder after one layer of the metal matrix composite powder is paved every time when the metal matrix composite powder is laminated one by one. The rest is the same as one of the first to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment differs from the first to eighth embodiments in that: in the fourth step, the volume fraction of the reinforcement in the array type particle reinforced composite material is 1-50%. The rest is the same as the first to eighth embodiments.
The following examples were used to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention:
the first embodiment is as follows: array type 20vol.% ZrO 2p The preparation method of the/304L composite material comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and (4) theoretical calculation. For 20vol.% ZrO 2p For the 304L stainless steel-based composite material, when reinforcing phase particles are completely and uniformly distributed, the reinforcing phase particles with the diameter of 200 mu m are arranged at the center of a cube with the side length of 276 mu m, a wire mesh with the mesh number of 92 is adopted, the size of each mesh is about 276 mu m, if the diameter of the 304L stainless steel wire mesh is larger than 76 mu m, the meshes can be ensured to nest the zirconia ceramic, and a layer of ZrO can be completely and uniformly arranged on the wire mesh 2p As shown in fig. 1; theoretically, the wire diameter of the screen should not exceed 190 μm at most, otherwise ZrO 2p The volume content will be less than 20%. When the diameter of the filament is 190 mu m, the filament can be densely paved and just ensures ZrO 2p The volume content is 20%, as shown in fig. 2; in practice, there is a certain reduction due to the pressure in the vertical direction, and the mesh of the screen is not in the assumed square arrangement, but is formed by winding in the vertical direction to nest the ceramic particles, as shown in fig. 3.
Step two: and (4) preparing materials. Example one experiment used materials comprising a 304L stainless steel wire mesh of 80 mesh and 0.165mm wire diameter, a 304L stainless steel plate of 0.68mm thickness and zirconia particles of 200 μm particle size, for exampleFIG. 4 and FIG. 5; cutting and bending the stainless steel plate into square disc of 100mm 80mm 6mm, and matching with cover plate of 100mm 80mm as shown in figure 6; cutting the stainless steel wire mesh to a size which can be just put into a square plate, wherein the size is about 96mm x 76mm; weighing the mass of the stainless steel wire net into m 1 The mass of the zirconia powder is m 2 By calculating when m 1 ：m 2 =5.23: when the volume fraction of the zirconia ceramic is 1, the volume fraction of the zirconia ceramic is ensured to be 20 percent.
Step three: and (4) preparing a prefabricated body. Firstly, a stainless steel wire net is put into a placing tray, then zirconium oxide powder with certain mass is poured into the stainless steel wire net, the zirconium oxide powder is continuously smeared to be evenly embedded into meshes, and the zirconium oxide powder is flatly laid on the stainless steel wire net, as shown in figures 7 and 8. And putting a stainless steel net on the previous layer of zirconia balls, repeating the step 3, and forming the prefabricated body layer by layer.
Step four: and (3) preparing the composite material. Finally, covering a cover plate to fix the ground wire mesh and the powder in the square plate to obtain a composite material preform, and carefully transferring the preform to a hot-pressing sintering device as shown in FIG. 9. Selecting proper sintering pressure, temperature and time for different materials, wherein in the first embodiment, the sintering temperature is 1200 ℃, the pressure is 30MPa, and the temperature is kept for 2 hours; and (4) hot-pressing and sintering to obtain the composite material, as shown in figure 10.
Step five: and (5) characterizing the composite material. The resulting SEM back-scattered electron image is shown in FIG. 11. It can be seen that the stainless steel wire mesh fills the gaps between the zirconia particles during the hot pressing process, and simultaneously, the array distribution of the zirconia particles is still ensured. ZrO application to level of sintering patterns of composite materials using industrial CT 2 The observation of the distribution uniformity of the particles of the enhanced phase shows that the particles of the enhanced phase have obvious array distribution characteristics, extremely uniform distribution and no agglomeration phenomenon as shown in figure 12.
Step six: and (5) quantitatively characterizing uniformity. And (3) carrying out uniformity evaluation on the CT tomography image by using a uniformity evaluation method based on a fractal theory.
Assuming a square having a side length R in a two-dimensional plane and a number N of constituent particles within the range, if the constituent particles are uniformly distributed in the plane, the relationship is:
N∝R 2 (1-1)
if the distribution is uniform in the three-dimensional space, the relation is as follows:
N∝R 3 (1-2)
such particle distributions are said to have self-similarity, and there is a relation in D-dimensional space:
N∝R D (1-3)
the equivalent side length of the space within such a side length range is defined as:
formula (1-3) can be rewritten as
lnN＝DlnR g (N)+lnK (1-5)
The method comprises the steps of reading an image of the composite material, binarizing the image to be beneficial to identifying enhanced phase particles in the composite material, selecting a series of gradually-increased rectangular areas with an origin as a center by taking the center of the image as the origin, counting and calculating the number and position information of the particles in each area, obtaining the equivalent side length of each area according to a fractal theory, drawing the logarithm of the total number of the particles in each area and the equivalent side length, fitting data points on coordinate axes to form a curve, and obtaining the slope of the curve through calculation to be the evaluation index of homogenization of the composite material.
In actual detection, two-dimensional images of materials are processed to construct squares with different side lengths, and the number of enhanced phase particles in each square is measured. Calculating R according to formula g (N) making (lnR) g lnN), fitting the data points (lnR) with a straight line g lnN), the slope of the line is D. If the reinforcing phase particles are completely and uniformly distributed, D is 2; when the distribution is not completely uniform, the degree of deviation of D from 2 can be used to quantitatively characterize the uniformity of the distribution of the particles of the enhancement phase.
As shown in FIG. 12, it can be seen that the horizontal D value of the pattern is 2.0721 with a deviation uniformity of 3.6%, while the deviation uniformity of 11.3% is higher than that of the pattern prepared by the lattice distribution in the conventional particle-reinforced composite material preparation process ball-milling + SPS as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of an array type particle reinforced composite material is characterized in that the preparation method of the array type particle reinforced composite material is carried out according to the following steps:
1. and (3) weaving a silk screen: weaving a metal matrix composite material serving as a raw material into a net by using a wire drawing and net weaving machine to obtain a bent silk net;
2. leveling a silk screen: leveling the bent silk screen by using a leveling machine to obtain a flat silk screen;
3. pre-laying a reinforcement: spreading the reinforcing body particles on a flat screen, and embedding the particles into the meshes of the screen to obtain a single-layer reinforcing body screen; the particle size of the reinforcing body particles is 10-300 mu m, and the reinforcing body particles are spherical or nearly spherical; spreading the reinforcing body particles on the flat silk screen by brushing the reinforcing body particles on the silk screen by a fine soft brush, and ensuring that each particle is embedded into a mesh;
4. forming layer by layer: and (3) superposing the single-layer reinforcement wire nets layer by layer according to the structural requirement, namely superposing a plurality of single-layer reinforcement wire nets layer by layer, adding a plurality of flat wire nets between every two adjacent single-layer reinforcement wire nets, packaging the flat wire nets in a sheath mold, and then transferring the sheath mold to a hot pressing furnace for sintering to obtain the array type particle reinforced composite material.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the diameter, mesh and weave of the curved mesh are selected according to the diameter, shape and volume fraction of the reinforcement members, and the curved mesh has a corresponding number, diameter and shape of reinforcement members.
3. The method for preparing an array type particle reinforced composite material according to claim 2, wherein the mesh number of the curved silk screen in the first step is 50-1000 meshes, the silk diameter is 20-200 μm, and the weaving mode is orthogonal weaving or mat type weaving.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of single-layer reinforcement meshes are stacked layer by layer at angles of rotation of 10 °, 15 °, 18 °, 22.5 °, 30 °, and 45 °.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the metal matrix composite powder is added after every two layers of the array type particle-reinforced composite material are stacked.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the volume fraction of the reinforcement in the array-type particle-reinforced composite material is 1-50%.
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