CN108362715B - Method for measuring mineral aggregate migration parameter in asphalt mixture compaction process - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mineral aggregate migration evaluation method in an asphalt mixture compaction process. The method comprises the steps of firstly placing marking particles in a mixture, then carrying out distribution rotary compaction tests on the asphalt mixtures under different gradation under different test conditions, observing the migration of the marking particles in the rotary compaction process through an X-ray CT (computed tomography) technology, and processing images by using Image-pro premier and MATLAB (matrix laboratory) software. And based on the result, a particle space migration index L is providedx、Ly、Lz、Lxoy、ZφAnd rolling indexes alpha, alphaΔx、αΔy、αΔzAnd evaluating the mineral aggregate migration behavior of the asphalt mixture compacting process from a microscopic view. Compared with other evaluation methods, the evaluation result is more accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of road engineering, in particular to a method for measuring mineral aggregate migration parameters in an asphalt mixture compaction process.
Background
In engineering practice, the macroscopic mechanical characteristics of an asphalt mixture test piece are evaluated by testing parameters such as shear strength, splitting strength and stiffness modulus of the asphalt mixture test piece, so that the production of the asphalt mixture is guided, and meanwhile, the asphalt pavement is compacted by taking the compactness and the flatness as indexes according to engineering experience. However, problems such as early damage and insufficient durability of the asphalt pavement still remain on the basis of this. Numerous scholars have been devoted to the study of the migration characteristics of mineral aggregates during the compaction of bituminous mixes. Kutay analyzes the motion behavior of the aggregate under the compaction action; analyzing the mineral aggregate slippage shear deformation characteristic of the asphalt mixture by adopting an independently developed test device; the Perrez-Jimenez analyzes the influence of the compaction temperature and the compaction method on the performance and volume indexes of the bituminous mixture.
In recent years, researches on asphalt mixtures from a microscopic perspective are increasingly emphasized in the field of road engineering research, and many researchers use image processing technology or discrete element numerical simulation software to research on the microscopic structure and strength formation mechanism of the asphalt mixtures. The particle flow rule of the Ehsan Ghafoori Roozbahany in the compaction process of the asphalt mixture is researched by adopting an X-ray CT technology. And in Huhouchun, calculating the gap distribution of a rotary compaction test piece of the asphalt mixture by a CT scanning technology, and further evaluating the dynamic compaction uniformity of the test piece. And if the images are used for processing the images, defining the main axes of the particles in the test piece formed by different compaction methods, and performing statistical analysis to obtain the distribution condition of the particles of the asphalt mixture.
In the test processes, the test piece is cut, recombined and loaded, so that certain influence can be generated on the particle motion of the test piece, the research is limited to a two-dimensional space, the actual particle motion is necessarily three-dimensional space motion, and certain errors exist in the test. Based on the research on the migration characteristic of the mineral aggregate in the compaction process of the asphalt mixture, a new evaluation parameter and a new measurement method are provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a mineral aggregate migration evaluation method in the compaction process of an asphalt mixture. In order to discuss the migration behavior of mineral aggregates in the compaction process from a microscopic perspective, the migration behavior of the marked particles in the rotary compaction process is observed by an X-ray CT technology through a step-by-step rotary compaction test on the asphalt mixture in which the marked particles are placed, and the images are processed by Image-pro remiter and MATLAB software, so that the evaluation indexes of the migration of the mineral aggregates are sequentially provided.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for measuring mineral aggregate migration parameters in an asphalt mixture compaction process comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a plurality of groups of aggregates with different particle sizes, wherein the particle sizes of the aggregate particles in each group are the same, and marking each aggregate particle in each group;
(2) stirring the asphalt mixture, and putting the marked aggregate particles into the asphalt mixture for a distribution rotary compaction test;
(3) scanning the compacted asphalt mixture;
(4) processing the scanned image to obtain marked aggregate particle coordinates, and obtaining migration parameters of the aggregate particles according to the aggregate particle coordinates, wherein the migration parameters comprise space migration parameters and rolling parameters;
the scrolling parameters include: the spatial rotation angle alpha of the aggregate particles and the included angle alpha of the aggregate particles and the X axisΔxThe angle alpha between the aggregate particles and the Y axisΔyThe angle alpha between the aggregate particles and the Z axisΔz；
The spatial migration parameters include: displacement L of aggregate particles in X-axisxDisplacement L of aggregate particles in Y-axisyDisplacement L of aggregate particles in the horizontal planexoyVertical downward migration value L of aggregate particleszRelative value Z of vertical downward movement of aggregate particlesφ；
ZφCalculating according to the formula 1;
and the delta h is the height change value of the compacted asphalt mixture test piece.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps: (5) and (4) analyzing the aggregate particle migration influence factors according to the aggregate particle migration parameters obtained in the step (4), and determining the aggregate particle migration evaluation standard.
Further, the aggregate particles are marked, and iron wires are embedded in the aggregate particles and reduced iron powder is coated on the aggregate particles.
Further, the method for embedding the iron wires in the aggregate particles comprises the steps of drilling holes with corresponding iron wire lengths on the surfaces of the aggregate particles by using an electric drill, injecting thermosetting epoxy resin into the holes, and then firmly embedding the iron wires into the holes;
the method for coating the aggregate particles with the reduced iron powder comprises the steps of coating epoxy resin on the surfaces of the aggregate particles, and then uniformly coating the reduced iron powder on the surfaces of the aggregate particles.
Further, the specific method of the step-by-step rotary compaction test is as follows:
dividing the mixed asphalt mixture into a plurality of parts, sequentially putting the plurality of parts of asphalt mixture into a test piece mold, and placing one aggregate particle in each group of aggregates obtained in the step 1 between two adjacent parts of asphalt mixture, wherein the aggregate particles in the same group in each layer are positioned on the same axis;
and (3) putting the test piece mold filled with the asphalt mixture into an oven, preserving the heat for 60-90 min at the compaction temperature, and then compacting the asphalt mixture by stages on a rotary compactor.
Further, the specific prescription of the CT scan is as follows: and after the asphalt mixture is compacted for multiple times in each compaction stage, the asphalt mixture is cooled to room temperature and is scanned by X-ray CT to obtain multiple fault images.
Further, the influence factors of the migration parameters of the aggregate particles are the mixture type, the maximum nominal particle size, the asphalt dosage and the compaction temperature.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the method for measuring the mineral aggregate migration parameters in the asphalt mixture compaction process determines the evaluation standard for evaluating the migration of the aggregate particles by analyzing the migration influence of the mixture type, the maximum nominal particle size, the asphalt using amount and the compaction temperature on the aggregate particles, and obtains the migration characteristic difference of the mineral aggregate particles at different positions in the compaction process by comparing the sizes of the migration parameters. The method is based on a distributed rotary compaction test and a digital image acquisition technology, indirectly determines the movement parameters and the rolling parameters of aggregate particles by measuring the parameters of an aggregate particle pointer and a main shaft, and further evaluates the mineral aggregate migration behavior of the asphalt mixture in the compaction process from a microscopic view angle through the particle space movement parameters and the rolling parameters.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic view of the distribution of marked aggregate particles.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the correlation between the index of the marking particles No. 1 and No. 2 and the main axis index;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing displacement indexes of particles No. 1 and No. 2;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing displacement indexes of particles No. 3 and No. 4;
FIG. 5 is the rolling and migration of coarse aggregate for the N0-N8 compaction process;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the rolling and migration of coarse aggregate during the N8-N100 compaction process;
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the attached drawings, which are illustrative, but not limiting, of the present invention.
A mineral aggregate migration evaluation method in an asphalt mixture compaction process comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting raw materials and mineral aggregate gradation
The test is carried out by using shell 90# base asphalt according to the requirements of test procedure for road engineering asphalt and asphalt mixture (JTJ052-2000), and the test indexes are shown in Table 1. The three asphalt mixtures of AC-13, AC-20 and OGFC-13 are respectively mixed and subjected to mineral aggregate migration parameter testing, the mineral aggregate gradation is shown in Table 2, the optimal oilstone ratio is determined by a Marshall design method, the compaction temperature is 140 ℃, and test pieces are formed by a rotary compactor.
TABLE 1 technical index requirements and test results for matrix asphalts
TABLE 2 mixture grading
Step 2: performing distributed rolling compaction test and CT scan
Two 19.0mm aggregate particles are selected and marked as particles No. 1 and particles No. 2, two 13.2mm aggregate particles are selected and marked as particles No. 3 and particles No. 4, and the aggregate particles are respectively treated by embedding iron wires and coating reduced iron powder so as to be convenient for CT scanning and image processing analysis.
The method for embedding the iron wires into the aggregate particles comprises the steps of drilling holes with the lengths corresponding to the iron wires on the surfaces of the aggregate particles by using an electric drill, injecting thermosetting epoxy resin into the holes, and then firmly embedding the iron wires into the holes;
the method for coating the aggregate particles with the reduced iron powder comprises the steps of coating epoxy resin on the surfaces of the aggregate particles, and then uniformly coating the reduced iron powder on the surfaces of the aggregate particles.
As shown in fig. 1, the asphalt mixture is stirred and evenly divided into three parts, and the three parts are loaded into an SGC test piece mold in layers. Placing an oiled paper at the bottom of a test piece die, then filling a first part of asphalt mixture into the test piece die, symmetrically placing 2# marking particles (19.0mm) and 4# marking particles (13.2mm) on the surface of the first part of asphalt mixture along a circular diameter, then filling a second part of asphalt mixture into the test piece die, slightly leveling, placing 1# marking particles and 3# marking particles according to the steps, and ensuring that the 1# marking particles (19.0mm) are positioned right above the 2# marking particles and the 3# marking particles are positioned right above the 4# marking particles. And finally, filling the third part of the asphalt mixture into a test piece mold, slightly leveling, putting the test piece mold into an oven, keeping the temperature at the corresponding compaction temperature for 60-90 min, covering oil paper on the surface of the test piece mold after the temperature of the asphalt mixture reaches the compaction required temperature and is stable, compacting for 8 times, taking out the test piece mold, marking as N0-N8, cooling the test piece mold to room temperature, demolding, performing CT scanning calibration on the asphalt mixture test piece after demolding is finished, and further performing CT scanning.
And after scanning, loading the asphalt mixture test piece into a test piece mold, putting the test piece mold into an oven for heating, heating the asphalt mixture to a compaction temperature, taking out the asphalt mixture, putting the asphalt mixture on a rotary compaction instrument for second-stage compaction, taking out the asphalt mixture after 92 times of compaction, marking as N8-N100, cooling, demoulding, and starting CT scanning according to the scanning starting point calibrated at the last time of the same test piece.
And step 3: processing the images and calculating the migration indices of the four labeled particles
Iron wires are embedded in the particles 1# and 2# and play a role in marking, and the method is called as a pointer. Any aggregate particle is of irregular geometry and theoretically there must be a maximum size of the aggregate particle, which is referred to in the method as the "major axis" of the aggregate particle. Processing the Image by using Image-pro premier and MATLAB software after CT scanning and calculating each migration parameter of the pointer and the main axis of the four marking particles, wherein the migration parameters comprise Lx、Ly、Lz、Lxoy、ZφAnd scroll parameters alpha, alphaΔx、αΔy、αΔzThe results are shown in tables 3 and 4.
Since the height reduction degree in the vertical direction is different when the volume changes due to the mass difference of the test pieces, only L is adoptedzThe characteristic that the vertical downward migration characteristic of the particles is not comparable to different test pieces, and the method adopts a relative index ZφInstead.
Wherein Z isφIs the relative value of the vertical downward movement of the aggregate particles; delta h is the height change value of the compacted asphalt mixture test piece; l isxFor the displacement of the aggregate particles in the X-axis direction during compaction, LyFor the displacement of the aggregate particles in the Y-axis during compaction, LxoyFor the displacement of the aggregate particles in the horizontal plane during compaction, LzIs the vertical downward migration value of the aggregate particles in the compaction process; alpha is the spatial rotation angle of the aggregate particle pointer or main shaft in the compaction process, alphaΔxIs the angle between the index or main axis of the aggregate particles and the X-axis, alpha, during compactionΔyIs the angle between the aggregate particle pointer or main axis and the Y axis during compaction, alphaΔzIs the included angle between the aggregate particle pointer or main shaft and the Z axis in the compaction process.
Results of tests for respective indices of particles # 31 and # 2 in tables 31
Results of tests on respective indexes of main axes of pellets No. 43 and 4 in tables
For aggregate particles of 13.2mm, the index of the main axis is used for researching the migration mechanism of the particles because the pointer is difficult to inlay. In order to verify the reasonableness of the principal axis index and the accuracy of the calculation result, the relevance test is carried out on the principal axis index by adopting the pointer indexes of 1# and 2#, as shown in figure 2.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, the correlation coefficient between the pointer reflecting the particle migration law and the main axis of the particle of the No. 1 particle is as high as 0.986 from the completion of the charging to the 8 times of compacting, and the correlation coefficient between the pointer and the main axis of the particle is 0.883 from the 8 times of compacting to the 100 times of compacting; the correlation coefficient between the pointer and the main shaft of the No. 2 particle is up to 0.99 from the completion of the charging to the 8 times of compacting, and the correlation coefficient between the pointer and the main shaft is also up to 0.973 from the 8 times of compacting to the 100 times of compacting. Therefore, for aggregate particles with 13.2mm, under the condition that the pointer embedding difficulty is high, the principle axis index can be completely adopted to explore the migration mechanism of the particles.
And 4, step 4: mineral aggregate migration behavior analysis during compaction
For comparison, the data in tables 3 and 4 are both positive values, and the displacement of the pointer and the angle parameter of the pointer are shown in fig. 2-5.
As can be seen from a combination of tables 3 and 4 and fig. 2 and 3, the downward displacement of the granules # 1 and # 3 is greater than the migration in the horizontal plane during the two compaction stages, while the migration of the granules # 2 and # 4 is greater than the downward displacement. This indicates that the aggregate in the upper and middle layers migrates primarily downward and the aggregate in the lower and middle layers migrates primarily horizontally throughout the compaction of the asphalt mixture. Along with the increase of the thickness of the test piece, the vertical acting force of the load is gradually weakened, so that the vertical downward migration volume of the aggregate particles of the middle and upper layers is larger than that of the aggregate particles of the middle and lower layers.
It can be seen from fig. 4-6 that the spatial rotation angles of the 1# granule and the 2# granule are larger than those of the 3# granule and the 4# granule, which shows that the spatial rotation angle of the granules is related to the granule size, the coarse granules generate larger effective rolling due to larger moment, the rolling mostly occurs in the horizontal plane, and the rotation angle in the vertical direction is very small, because the main shaft is oriented in the initial state to be parallel to the horizontal plane, which is a relatively stable state during the compaction process of the aggregate granules, so the change of the included angle of the main shaft along the Z-axis is minimal during the compaction process.
And 5: mineral aggregate migration influence factor analysis
TABLE 7 particle migration index for different types of blends during compaction
From table 7 it can be seen that the particle migration index during compaction is different for different types of asphalt mixes. The OGFC-13 particles have smaller migration parameters than the AC-13 particles because the discontinuous graded mixture contains more coarse aggregates and the migration is difficult to overcome the contact friction between the particles under the action of external force.
TABLE 8 particle migration index during compaction of mixtures of different maximum nominal particle diameters
From Table 8 it is clear that the migration parameters of the 13.2mm particles in the mixtures with different maximum nominal particle diameters are hardly different.
TABLE 9 particle migration index for different asphalt dosages during compaction of mixtures
From table 7, it can be seen that the particle migration index of the mixtures with different asphalt dosages in the compacting process is different. Along with the increase of the oil-stone ratio, the horizontal migration amount of the 3# and 4# particles is larger, the angle of the particles which rotate spatially is also larger, the contact friction effect among the particles is reduced to a certain degree due to the lubrication of the asphalt cement, and the particles are easy to migrate.
TABLE 10 index of particle migration during test piece formation at different compaction temperatures
From Table 10, it can be seen that the particle migration index is different for asphalt mixtures at different compaction temperatures. With the increase of the compaction temperature, the viscosity of the asphalt cement is reduced, the contact friction among particles is reduced, and ZφWith this increase, the vertical downward displacement of the particle # 3 in the middle and upper layers is relatively large compared to the increase of the particle # 4. Furthermore LxoyAnd a also gradually increases, and the increase of the horizontal displacement and the spatial rotation angle is more remarkable after the temperature is higher than 140 ℃.
And 5: validity verification of mineral aggregate migration evaluation method in asphalt mixture compaction process
The application standard of the proposed evaluation method in this embodiment is that the larger the migration index is, the more remarkable the mineral aggregate migration behavior is. Migration indexes are obtained through calculation of an evaluation method, analysis shows that differences exist in the performance of compaction characteristics of different types of asphalt mixtures, and the discontinuous graded mixture limits migration and rolling of particles due to the fact that coarse aggregates form a framework, so that the discontinuous graded mixture is difficult to compact in performance, and has strong shear resistance after the open traffic. Although the compaction characteristics of the same type of dense-graded mixture have certain difference due to different particle sizes of the coarse aggregates, the compaction characteristics are more easily influenced by the asphalt cement, the asphalt dosage is more, and the compaction temperature is higher, so that the lubricating effect among particles can be increased, the contact friction among the particles is reduced, and the particle migration and rolling change are increased. The conclusion obtained by the comparative analysis of the evaluation method is basically consistent with the accepted conclusion in the prior research and practical application, namely, the OGFC-13 mixture has lower compaction rate and poorer compactibility and needs larger compaction energy compared with the AC-13 mixture. The amount of asphalt used and the compaction temperature can affect the compaction. This evaluation method is feasible to evaluate the migration behavior of mineral aggregate particles by calculating a mineral aggregate migration index.
The application standard of the proposed evaluation method in this embodiment is that the larger the composite geometric parameter is, the stronger the contact action of the mineral aggregate particles is, i.e. the more stable the formed mineral aggregate skeleton structure is. The nominal maximum particle size calculated by the evaluation method has no certain correlation with the composite geometric parameters and mainly depends on the specific gravity of the number of coarse aggregate particles in a grading system; the composite characteristics of the mineral aggregate particles with different grading trends are represented by a lower grading limit (X) > a median grading value (Z) > an upper grading limit (S). The composite geometrical characteristics of mineral aggregates composed of basalt are greater than those of limestone mineral aggregates, and the influence of the material source is greater. The geometric characteristics of the particles directly determine the composite geometric characteristics of the mineral aggregate; the composite geometric characteristic size of the mineral aggregate and the coarse aggregate with different grading structures is OGFC > SMA > AC. The conclusion obtained by the comparative analysis of the evaluation method is basically consistent with the accepted conclusion in the existing research and practical application, namely the mineral aggregate skeleton structure formed by basalt is superior to limestone. When the grading trend changes from the upper limit to the lower limit, the proportion of the coarse aggregates is increased, so that the contact surface among the mineral aggregates is increased and the embedding and extrusion effect of the framework is enhanced. The mineral aggregate skeleton stability of different grading structures is OGFC > SMA > AC. Therefore, it is feasible that the evaluation method evaluates the contact effect and the framework structure stability of the mineral aggregate particles by calculating the composite geometric index size of the mineral aggregate coarse aggregates.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for measuring mineral aggregate migration parameters in an asphalt mixture compaction process comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a plurality of groups of aggregates with different particle sizes, wherein the particle sizes of the aggregate particles in each group are the same, and marking each aggregate particle in each group;
the method for marking the aggregate particles comprises the steps of respectively embedding iron wires or coating reduced iron powder on the aggregate particles;
the method for embedding the iron wires into the aggregate particles comprises the steps of drilling holes with corresponding iron wire lengths on the surfaces of the aggregate particles by using an electric drill, injecting thermosetting epoxy resin into the holes, and then firmly embedding the iron wires into the holes;
coating epoxy resin on the surfaces of the aggregate particles, and then uniformly coating the reduced iron powder on the surfaces of the aggregate particles;
(2) stirring the asphalt mixture, and putting the marked aggregate particles into the asphalt mixture for a distribution rotary compaction test;
(3) scanning the compacted asphalt mixture;
(4) processing the scanned image to obtain marked aggregate particle coordinates, and obtaining migration parameters of the aggregate particles according to the aggregate particle coordinates, wherein the migration parameters comprise space migration parameters and rolling parameters;
the scrolling parameters include: the spatial rotation angle alpha of the aggregate particles and the included angle alpha of the aggregate particles and the X axisΔxThe angle alpha between the aggregate particles and the Y axisΔyThe angle alpha between the aggregate particles and the Z axisΔz；
The spatial migration parameters include: displacement L of aggregate particles in X-axisxDisplacement L of aggregate particles in Y-axisyDisplacement L of aggregate particles in the horizontal planexoyVertical downward migration value L of aggregate particleszRelative value Z of vertical downward movement of aggregate particlesφ；
ZφCalculating according to the formula 1;
wherein, delta h is the height change value of the test piece after the asphalt mixture test piece is compacted;
(5) and (4) analyzing the aggregate particle migration influence factors according to the aggregate particle migration parameters obtained in the step (4), and determining the aggregate particle migration evaluation standard.
2. The method for measuring the mineral aggregate migration parameter in the asphalt mixture compacting process according to claim 1, wherein the specific method of the distributed rotary compaction test in the step 2 is as follows:
dividing the mixed asphalt mixture into a plurality of parts, sequentially putting the plurality of parts of asphalt mixture into a test piece mold, and placing one aggregate particle in each group of aggregates obtained in the step 1 between two adjacent parts of asphalt mixture, wherein the aggregate particles in the same group in each layer are positioned on the same axis;
and (3) putting the test piece mold filled with the asphalt mixture into an oven, preserving the heat for 60-90 min at the compaction temperature, and then compacting the asphalt mixture by stages on a rotary compactor.
3. The method for measuring mineral aggregate migration parameters of an asphalt compaction process according to claim 2, wherein the specific method of scanning is as follows: and after the asphalt mixture is compacted for multiple times in each compaction stage, the asphalt mixture is cooled to room temperature and is scanned by X-ray CT to obtain multiple fault images.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the migration parameters are the type of mix, the maximum nominal particle size, the amount of asphalt used, and the compaction temperature.
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| CN103558236A (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2014-02-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for testing moisture distribution of asphalt mixture based on industrial computed tomography (CT) |
| CN106651896A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-05-10 | 南京航空航天大学 | Material classification method of CT images of asphalt mixture |
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| CN103558236A (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2014-02-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for testing moisture distribution of asphalt mixture based on industrial computed tomography (CT) |
| CN106651896A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-05-10 | 南京航空航天大学 | Material classification method of CT images of asphalt mixture |
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