CN109016732B - 一种高铁动车顶板用复合材料 - Google Patents

一种高铁动车顶板用复合材料 Download PDF

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CN109016732B
CN109016732B CN201810642543.1A CN201810642543A CN109016732B CN 109016732 B CN109016732 B CN 109016732B CN 201810642543 A CN201810642543 A CN 201810642543A CN 109016732 B CN109016732 B CN 109016732B
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layer
aluminum plate
composite material
motor car
speed rail
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王冬至
王平
王经元
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Shandong Jiazi Lakeside New Material Technology Co ltd
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University of Jinan
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高铁动车顶板用复合材料，包括外铝板、增强复合材料、内铝板，所述增强复合材料设于外铝板和内铝板之间，所述增强复合材料包括表面增强材料和芯材，所述表面增强材料包括隔音阻燃层、预浸料层、耐冲击层、强度层以及刚性结构层，所述芯材为蜂窝芯材。本发明结构设计合理，选用的新型增强复合材料不仅降低了车身的重量，降低了能耗，还提高了高铁动车顶板的抗冲击力和隔音阻燃性能，增强了高铁动车的安全舒适性能。

Description

一种高铁动车顶板用复合材料
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料领域，尤其是一种高铁动车顶板用复合材料。
背景技术
随着社会文明的进步和生活水平的提高，为满足人民群众日益增长的交通出行需要，近几年来城市轨道交通得到了迅猛的发展。中国已开始进入高铁时代，人们对高铁动车的方便、快捷提出更高要求的同时，也对乘坐高铁动车的安全、舒适、可靠提出了越来越高的期望。
高铁动车的顶板不仅需要抗击住高铁动车速较高时车身震动带来的应力和高风压，还需要拥有好的阻燃性能和降噪隔音性能。传统的高铁动车的顶板选用玻璃钢，虽然玻璃钢能够保证车体的强度和刚度，但是降噪隔音性能差，同时也增加了高铁动车的车体重量，难以满足人们对高铁动车的舒适安全节能的需求。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中高铁动车的顶板重量大、隔音降噪效果差、刚度强度差等缺陷，本发明提供一种高铁动车顶板用复合材料。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种高铁动车顶板用复合材料，包括外铝板、增强复合材料、内铝板，所述增强复合材料设于外铝板和内铝板之间，所述增强复合材料包括表面增强材料和芯材，所述表面增强材料包括隔音阻燃层、预浸料层、耐冲击层、强度层以及刚性结构层，所述芯材为蜂窝芯材。
上述的一种高铁动车顶板用复合材料，所述外铝板和内铝板表面都通过喷漆或者喷塑进行处理，可以全面防止铝板腐蚀。
上述的一种高铁动车顶板用复合材料，所述外铝板和内铝板所用型材为5A06-O或5083-H111，所述外铝板的厚度为2.0～2.5mm，所述内铝板的厚度为1.5～2.0mm，所述外铝板和内铝板均通过加工硬化处理，提高铝板的抗拉强度。
上述的一种高铁动车顶板用复合材料，所述隔音阻燃层通过微层共挤出技术制备而成，所述隔音阻燃层的阻燃材料包裹于隔音材料的外部，所述隔音材料通过发泡层和未发泡层交替排列而成，所述隔音阻燃层的厚度为1.5～5mm。
上述的一种高铁动车顶板用复合材料，所述预浸料层为玻璃纤维树脂预浸料层。
上述的一种高铁动车顶板用复合材料，所述耐冲击层为聚乙烯泡沫基体树脂增强碳纳米纤维混杂芳纶纤维混杂构成，其中选用空心玻璃微球为发泡材料，所述耐冲击层中的聚乙烯泡沫基体树脂含量为28～35％。
上述的一种高铁动车顶板用复合材料，所述强度层通过向聚丙烯树脂中添加碳纳米纤维插层石墨烯的复合材料制备而成，其中石墨烯与碳纳米纤维比例在1:3，所述强度层中的聚丙烯树脂含量为30～35％。
上述的一种高铁动车顶板用复合材料，所述刚性结构层通过向不饱和聚酯树脂基体中添加高模量的碳纤维缎纹织物增强结构制备而成，所述刚性结构层的不饱和聚酯树脂含量为45～48％。
上述的一种高铁动车顶板用复合材料，所述芯材为芳纶蜂窝芯材、Nomex酚醛蜂窝芯材或者铝蜂窝芯材中的一种。
与现有技术相比本发明具有以下优点和突出性效果：
本发明的有益效果是，本发明高铁动车顶板用复合材料采用轻质铝板和增强复合芯材，铝板不仅比重轻，耐腐蚀性能好还拥有较高的轻度；增强复合芯材包括表面增强材料和蜂窝芯材，表面增强材料由内到外包括隔音阻燃层、预浸料层、耐冲击层、强度层以及刚性结构层，有效地消除了传统高铁动车顶板重量大、隔音降噪效果差、刚度强度差的缺陷。本发明结构设计合理，选用的新型增强复合材料不仅降低了车身的重量，降低了能耗，还提高了高铁动车顶板的抗冲击力和隔音阻燃性能，增强了高铁动车的安全舒适性能。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图1为本发明示意图；
图2为图1中增强复合材料的示意图；
图3为图2中表面增强材料的示意图。
图中1.外铝板，2.增强复合材料，21.表面增强材料，211.隔音阻燃层，212.预浸料层，213.耐冲击层，214.强度层，215.刚性结构层，22.芯材，3.内铝板。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本发明的具体结构、工作原理的内容，下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的说明，但是以下实施例仅用于说明本发明，不用来限制本发明的范围。对于本领域的普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，根据此附图和实施例获得其他的实施例，都属于本发明的保护范围。
【实施例1】
一种高铁动车顶板用复合材料，包括外铝板1、增强复合材料2、内铝板3，所述增强复合材料2设于外铝板1和内铝板3之间，所述增强复合材料2包括表面增强材料21和芯材22，所述表面增强材料21包括隔音阻燃层211、预浸料层212、耐冲击层213、强度层214以及刚性结构层215，所述芯材22为蜂窝芯材。
所述外铝板1和内铝板3表面都通过喷漆进行处理，可以全面防止铝板腐蚀；所述外铝板1和内铝板3所用型材为5A06-O，所述外铝板1的厚度为2.0mm，所述内铝板3的厚度为1.5mm，所述外铝板1和内铝板3均通过加工硬化处理，提高铝板的抗拉强度；所述隔音阻燃层211通过微层共挤出技术制备而成，所述隔音阻燃层211的阻燃材料包裹于隔音材料的外部，所述隔音材料通过发泡层和未发泡层交替排列而成，所述隔音阻燃层211的厚度为2mm；所述预浸料层212为玻璃纤维树脂预浸料层；所述耐冲击层213为聚乙烯泡沫基体树脂增强碳纳米纤维混杂芳纶纤维混杂构成，其中选用空心玻璃微球为发泡材料，所述耐冲击层213中的聚乙烯泡沫基体树脂含量为28％；所述强度层214通过向聚丙烯树脂中添加碳纳米纤维插层石墨烯的复合材料制备而成，其中石墨烯与碳纳米纤维比例在1:3，所述强度层214中的聚丙烯树脂含量为30％；所述刚性结构层215通过向不饱和聚酯树脂基体中添加高模量的碳纤维缎纹织物增强结构制备而成，所述刚性结构层215的不饱和聚酯树脂含量为45％；所述芯材22为芳纶蜂窝芯材。
【实施例2】
一种高铁动车顶板用复合材料，包括外铝板1、增强复合材料2、内铝板3，所述增强复合材料2设于外铝板1和内铝板3之间，所述增强复合材料2包括表面增强材料21和芯材22，所述表面增强材料21包括隔音阻燃层211、预浸料层212、耐冲击层213、强度层214以及刚性结构层215，所述芯材22为蜂窝芯材。
所述外铝板1和内铝板3表面都通过喷塑进行处理，可以全面防止铝板腐蚀；所述外铝板1和内铝板3所用型材为5083-H111，所述外铝板1的厚度为2.5mm，所述内铝板3的厚度为2.0mm，所述外铝板1和内铝板3均通过加工硬化处理，提高铝板的抗拉强度；所述隔音阻燃层211通过微层共挤出技术制备而成，所述隔音阻燃层211的阻燃材料包裹于隔音材料的外部，所述隔音材料通过发泡层和未发泡层交替排列而成，所述隔音阻燃层211的厚度为3mm；所述预浸料层212为玻璃纤维树脂预浸料层；所述耐冲击层213为聚乙烯泡沫基体树脂增强碳纳米纤维混杂芳纶纤维混杂构成，其中选用空心玻璃微球为发泡材料，所述耐冲击层213中的聚乙烯泡沫基体树脂含量为30％；所述强度层214通过向聚丙烯树脂中添加碳纳米纤维插层石墨烯的复合材料制备而成，其中石墨烯与碳纳米纤维比例在1:3，所述强度层214中的聚丙烯树脂含量为35％；所述刚性结构层215通过向不饱和聚酯树脂基体中添加高模量的碳纤维缎纹织物增强结构制备而成，所述刚性结构层215的不饱和聚酯树脂含量为48％；所述芯材22为Nomex酚醛蜂窝芯材。
【实施例3】
一种高铁动车顶板用复合材料，包括外铝板1、增强复合材料2、内铝板3，所述增强复合材料2设于外铝板1和内铝板3之间，所述增强复合材料2包括表面增强材料21和芯材22，所述表面增强材料21包括隔音阻燃层211、预浸料层212、耐冲击层213、强度层214以及刚性结构层215，所述芯材22为蜂窝芯材。
所述外铝板1和内铝板3表面都通过喷漆进行处理，可以全面防止铝板腐蚀；所述外铝板1和内铝板3所用型材为5083-H111，所述外铝板1的厚度为2.3mm，所述内铝板3的厚度为1.8mm，所述外铝板1和内铝板3均通过加工硬化处理，提高铝板的抗拉强度；所述隔音阻燃层211通过微层共挤出技术制备而成，所述隔音阻燃层211的阻燃材料包裹于隔音材料的外部，所述隔音材料通过发泡层和未发泡层交替排列而成，所述隔音阻燃层211的厚度为3.2mm；所述预浸料层212为玻璃纤维树脂预浸料层；所述耐冲击层213为聚乙烯泡沫基体树脂增强碳纳米纤维混杂芳纶纤维混杂构成，其中选用空心玻璃微球为发泡材料，所述耐冲击层213中的聚乙烯泡沫基体树脂含量为32％；所述强度层214通过向聚丙烯树脂中添加碳纳米纤维插层石墨烯的复合材料制备而成，其中石墨烯与碳纳米纤维比例在1:3，所述强度层214中的聚丙烯树脂含量为32％；所述刚性结构层215通过向不饱和聚酯树脂基体中添加高模量的碳纤维缎纹织物增强结构制备而成，所述刚性结构层215的不饱和聚酯树脂含量为47％；所述芯材22为铝蜂窝芯材。
以上实施例仅为本发明的示例性实施例，不用于限制本发明，本发明的保护范围由权利要求书限定。本领域技术人员可以在本发明的实质和保护范围内，对本发明做出各种修改或等同替换，这种修改或等同替换也应视为落在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (6)

1.一种高铁动车顶板用复合材料，包括外铝板(1)、增强复合材料(2)、内铝板(3)，其特征在于：所述增强复合材料(2)设于外铝板(1)和内铝板(3)之间，所述增强复合材料(2)包括表面增强材料(21)和芯材(22)，所述表面增强材料(21)包括隔音阻燃层(211)、预浸料层(212)、耐冲击层(213)、强度层(214)以及刚性结构层(215)，所述芯材(22)为蜂窝芯材；
所述隔音阻燃层(211)通过微层共挤出技术制备而成，所述隔音阻燃层(211)的阻燃材料包裹于隔音材料的外部，所述隔音材料通过发泡层和未发泡层交替排列而成，所述隔音阻燃层(211)的厚度为1.5～5mm；
所述预浸料层(212)为玻璃纤维树脂预浸料层；
所述强度层(214)通过向聚丙烯树脂中添加碳纳米纤维插层石墨烯的复合材料制备而成，其中石墨烯与碳纳米纤维比例在1:3，所述强度层(214)中的聚丙烯树脂含量为30～35％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高铁动车顶板用复合材料，其特征在于，所述外铝板(1)和内铝板(3)表面都通过喷漆或者喷塑进行处理，可以全面防止铝板腐蚀。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高铁动车顶板用复合材料，其特征在于，所述外铝板(1)和内铝板(3)所用型材为5A06-O或5083-H111，所述外铝板(1)的厚度为2.0～2.5mm，所述内铝板(3)的厚度为1.5～2.0mm，所述外铝板(1)和内铝板(3)均通过加工硬化处理，提高铝板的抗拉强度。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高铁动车顶板用复合材料，其特征在于，所述耐冲击层(213)为聚乙烯泡沫基体树脂增强碳纳米纤维混杂芳纶纤维混杂构成，其中选用空心玻璃微球为发泡材料，所述耐冲击层(213)中的聚乙烯泡沫基体树脂含量为28～35％。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高铁动车顶板用复合材料，其特征在于，所述刚性结构层(215)通过向不饱和聚酯树脂基体中添加高模量的碳纤维缎纹织物增强结构制备而成，所述刚性结构层(215)的不饱和聚酯树脂含量为45～48％。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种高铁动车顶板用复合材料，其特征在于，所述芯材(22)为芳纶蜂窝芯材、Nomex酚醛蜂窝芯材或者铝蜂窝芯材中的一种。
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