CN109016721B - 一种高铁动车墙板用夹层复合材料 - Google Patents

一种高铁动车墙板用夹层复合材料 Download PDF

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CN109016721B
CN109016721B CN201810642362.9A CN201810642362A CN109016721B CN 109016721 B CN109016721 B CN 109016721B CN 201810642362 A CN201810642362 A CN 201810642362A CN 109016721 B CN109016721 B CN 109016721B
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王冬至
王平
王经元
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University of Jinan
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高铁动车墙板用夹层复合材料，包括外铝板、复合芯材、内铝板，所述复合芯材包括表面结构材料和蜂窝芯材，所述表面结构材料包括阻燃层、隔音降噪层、保温结构层、预浸料层、增强层以及刚性结构层。本发明结构设计合理，不仅具有密度低、阻燃隔音性能好，还拥有优异的抗冲击性能，延长了使用寿命，保证了高铁动车的运行速度和安全。

Description

一种高铁动车墙板用夹层复合材料
技术领域
本发明涉及墙板用夹层复合材料，尤其是一种高铁动车墙板用夹层复合材料。
背景技术
铁路运输是21世纪各国主要交通运输方式之一，并且随着其运行速度的不断提高，铁路运输逐渐成为人们出行的首选交通方式。我国铁路运输能力比较有限，再加上我国幅员辽阔，人口众多且较分散，更增加了铁路运输的负担。同时，随着我国国民经济的飞速发展，综合国力的空前提高，对传统的铁路运输提出了更高的要求：更快速度、更大运输能力、更高安全性和可靠性。中国已开始进入高速列车时代，人们对高铁动车的方便、快捷提出更高要求的同时，也对乘坐高铁列车的安全、舒适、可靠提出了越来越高的期望。
列车在实现高速化的同时，必须保证高速列车车体具有足够的强度、刚度。列车车体的墙板不仅振动幅值偏大，还需要承载较大的载荷，因而列车的墙板需要选择合适的材料。传统技术中，列车的墙板不仅质量大、弯曲刚度差，还存在阻燃隔音效果差、减震效果差，难以适应高速化列车的运行。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中高铁动车在高速运行过程中高铁动车用墙板质量大、阻燃隔音效果差、减震效果差等缺陷，本发明提供一种高铁动车墙板用夹层复合材料。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种高铁动车墙板用夹层复合材料，包括外铝板、复合芯材、内铝板，所述复合芯材包括表面结构材料和蜂窝芯材，所述表面结构材料包括阻燃层、隔音降噪层、保温结构层、预浸料层、增强层以及刚性结构层。
上述的一种高铁动车墙板用夹层复合材料，所述外铝板和内铝板表面都通过喷漆或者喷塑进行处理，可以全面防止铝板腐蚀。
上述的一种高铁动车墙板用夹层复合材料，所述外铝板和内铝板所用型材为5A06-O或5083-H111。
上述的一种高铁动车墙板用夹层复合材料，所述外铝板的厚度为1.5～2.5mm，所述内铝板的厚度为1.0～1.5mm，所述外铝板和内铝板均通过加工硬化处理，提高铝板的抗拉强度。
上述的一种高铁动车墙板用夹层复合材料，所述阻燃层的厚度为0.5～0.8mm。
上述的一种高铁动车墙板用夹层复合材料，所述隔音降噪层的厚度为0.5～0.8mm，所述隔音降噪层由三维碳纳米纤维气凝胶制备而成，所述碳纳米纤维气凝胶中碳纳米纤维的直径为100～200nm。
上述的一种高铁动车墙板用夹层复合材料，所述保温结构层由聚氨酯制备而成，所述保温结构层的厚度为1.2～1.5mm。
上述的一种高铁动车墙板用夹层复合材料，所述预浸料层由碳纤维/环氧树脂制备而成；所述增强层由碳纳米纤维插层石墨烯复合气凝胶材料制备而成；所述刚性结构层通过向不饱和聚酯树脂基体中添加高模量的碳纤维缎纹织物增强结构制备而成。
上述的一种高铁动车墙板用夹层复合材料，所述蜂窝芯材由轻质高强的玻纤增强三聚氰胺泡沫制备而成，所述蜂窝芯材的厚度为2.5～3.0mm。
与现有技术相比本发明具有以下优点和突出性效果：
本发明的有益效果是，本发明高铁动车墙板用夹层复合材料采用新型夹层复合材料，不仅拥有重量轻、机械强度高、隔音降噪减震优异性能，而且具有较高的承载极限，有效地消除了传统高铁动车在高速运行过程中高铁动车用墙板的缺陷。本发明结构设计合理，不仅具有密度低、阻燃隔音性能好，还拥有优异的抗冲击性能，延长了使用寿命，保证了高铁动车的运行速度和安全。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图1为本发明示意图；
图2为图1中表面结构材料的示意图。
图中1.外铝板，2.复合芯材，21.表面结构材料，211.阻燃层，212.隔音降噪层，213.保温结构层，214.预浸料层，215.增强结构层，216.刚性结构层，22.蜂窝芯材，3.内铝板。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本发明的具体结构、工作原理的内容，下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的说明，但是以下实施例仅用于说明本发明，不用来限制本发明的范围。对于本领域的普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，根据此附图和实施例获得其他的实施例，都属于本发明的保护范围。
【实施例1】
一种高铁动车墙板用夹层复合材料，包括外铝板1、复合芯材2、内铝板3，所述复合芯材2包括表面结构材料21和蜂窝芯材22，所述表面结构材料21包括阻燃层211、隔音降噪层212、保温结构层213、预浸料层214、增强层215以及刚性结构层216。
所述外铝板1和内铝板3表面都通过喷塑进行处理，可以全面防止铝板腐蚀；所述外铝板1和内铝板3所用型材为5A06-O；所述外铝板1的厚度为1.5mm，所述内铝板3的厚度为1.0mm，所述外铝板1和内铝板3均通过加工硬化处理，提高铝板的抗拉强度；所述阻燃层211的厚度为0.5mm；所述隔音降噪层212的厚度为0.5mm，所述隔音降噪层212由三维碳纳米纤维气凝胶制备而成，所述碳纳米纤维气凝胶中碳纳米纤维的直径为100nm；所述保温结构层213由聚氨酯制备而成，所述保温结构层213的厚度为1.2mm；所述预浸料层214由碳纤维/环氧树脂制备而成；所述增强层215由碳纳米纤维插层石墨烯复合气凝胶材料制备而成；所述刚性结构层216通过向不饱和聚酯树脂基体中添加高模量的碳纤维缎纹织物增强结构制备而成；所述蜂窝芯材22由轻质高强的玻纤增强三聚氰胺泡沫制备而成，所述蜂窝芯材22的厚度为2.5mm。
【实施例2】
一种高铁动车墙板用夹层复合材料，包括外铝板1、复合芯材2、内铝板3，所述复合芯材2包括表面结构材料21和蜂窝芯材22，所述表面结构材料21包括阻燃层211、隔音降噪层212、保温结构层213、预浸料层214、增强层215以及刚性结构层216。
所述外铝板1和内铝板3表面都通过喷漆进行处理，可以全面防止铝板腐蚀；所述外铝板1和内铝板3所用型材为5083-H111；所述外铝板1的厚度为2.5mm，所述内铝板3的厚度为1.5mm，所述外铝板1和内铝板3均通过加工硬化处理，提高铝板的抗拉强度；所述阻燃层211的厚度为0.8mm；所述隔音降噪层212的厚度为0.8mm，所述隔音降噪层212由三维碳纳米纤维气凝胶制备而成，所述碳纳米纤维气凝胶中碳纳米纤维的直径为200nm；所述保温结构层213由聚氨酯制备而成，所述保温结构层213的厚度为1.5mm；所述预浸料层214由碳纤维/环氧树脂制备而成；所述增强层215由碳纳米纤维插层石墨烯复合气凝胶材料制备而成；所述刚性结构层216通过向不饱和聚酯树脂基体中添加高模量的碳纤维缎纹织物增强结构制备而成；所述蜂窝芯材22由轻质高强的玻纤增强三聚氰胺泡沫制备而成，所述蜂窝芯材22的厚度为3.0mm。
【实施例3】
一种高铁动车墙板用夹层复合材料，包括外铝板1、复合芯材2、内铝板3，所述复合芯材2包括表面结构材料21和蜂窝芯材22，所述表面结构材料21包括阻燃层211、隔音降噪层212、保温结构层213、预浸料层214、增强层215以及刚性结构层216。
所述外铝板1和内铝板3表面都通过喷塑进行处理，可以全面防止铝板腐蚀；所述外铝板1和内铝板3所用型材为5A06-O；所述外铝板1的厚度为1.8mm，所述内铝板3的厚度为1.2mm，所述外铝板1和内铝板3均通过加工硬化处理，提高铝板的抗拉强度；所述阻燃层211的厚度为0.6mm；所述隔音降噪层212的厚度为0.7mm，所述隔音降噪层212由三维碳纳米纤维气凝胶制备而成，所述碳纳米纤维气凝胶中碳纳米纤维的直径为150nm；所述保温结构层213由聚氨酯制备而成，所述保温结构层213的厚度为1.3mm；所述预浸料层214由碳纤维/环氧树脂制备而成；所述增强层215由碳纳米纤维插层石墨烯复合气凝胶材料制备而成；所述刚性结构层216通过向不饱和聚酯树脂基体中添加高模量的碳纤维缎纹织物增强结构制备而成；所述蜂窝芯材22由轻质高强的玻纤增强三聚氰胺泡沫制备而成，所述蜂窝芯材22的厚度为2.8mm。
以上实施例仅为本发明的示例性实施例，不用于限制本发明，本发明的保护范围由权利要求书限定。本领域技术人员可以在本发明的实质和保护范围内，对本发明做出各种修改或等同替换，这种修改或等同替换也应视为落在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (8)

1.一种高铁动车墙板用夹层复合材料，包括外铝板(1)、复合芯材(2)、内铝板(3)，其特征在于：所述复合芯材(2)包括表面结构材料(21)和蜂窝芯材(22)，所述表面结构材料(21)包括阻燃层(211)、隔音降噪层(212)、保温结构层(213)、预浸料层(214)、增强层(215)以及刚性结构层(216)；
所述隔音降噪层(212)的厚度为0.5～0.8mm，所述隔音降噪层(212)由三维碳纳米纤维气凝胶制备而成，所述碳纳米纤维气凝胶中碳纳米纤维的直径为100～200nm；
所述预浸料层(214)由碳纤维/环氧树脂制备而成；所述增强层(215)由碳纳米纤维插层石墨烯复合气凝胶材料制备而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高铁动车墙板用夹层复合材料，其特征在于，所述外铝板(1)和内铝板(3)表面都通过喷漆或者喷塑进行处理，可以全面防止铝板腐蚀。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高铁动车墙板用夹层复合材料，其特征在于，所述外铝板(1)和内铝板(3)所用型材为5A06-O或5083-H111。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高铁动车墙板用夹层复合材料，其特征在于，所述外铝板(1)的厚度为1.5～2.5mm，所述内铝板(3)的厚度为1.0～1.5mm，所述外铝板(1)和内铝板(3)均通过加工硬化处理，提高铝板的抗拉强度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高铁动车墙板用夹层复合材料，其特征在于，所述阻燃层(211)的厚度为0.5～0.8mm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种高铁动车墙板用夹层复合材料，其特征在于，所述保温结构层(213)由聚氨酯制备而成，所述保温结构层(213)的厚度为1.2～1.5mm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种高铁动车墙板用夹层复合材料，其特征在于，所述预浸料层(214)由碳纤维/环氧树脂制备而成；所述增强层(215)由碳纳米纤维插层石墨烯复合气凝胶材料制备而成；所述刚性结构层(216)通过向不饱和聚酯树脂基体中添加高模量的碳纤维缎纹织物增强结构制备而成。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种高铁动车墙板用夹层复合材料，其特征在于，所述蜂窝芯材(22)由轻质高强的玻纤增强三聚氰胺泡沫制备而成，所述蜂窝芯材(22)的厚度为2.5～3.0mm。
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