CN1090054C - 应用减小壁流结构填料的蒸馏塔 - Google Patents
应用减小壁流结构填料的蒸馏塔 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一个热和/或质交换结构,它包括具有内表面的垂直外壁的壳体、具有与壳体内表面隔开的外部边缘的大量第一波纹填料片和一个位于壳体中并夹在一对第一波纹填料片之间的第二波纹填料片。
Description
本发明涉及蒸馏塔,更具体地讲,涉及用于这类蒸馏塔、实际上减小塔壁流的结构填料。
多种工业分离使用蒸馏塔。蒸馏塔的一个应用领域是用于氧气和氮气生产的深冷空气分离体系。在蒸馏塔中,当液流和气流相互通过时,质和热都进行了交换。在深冷空气分离设备中,液体向下流时变得更热,并更富含氧气,而向上流的空气变得更冷,并更富含氮气。在过去十年中,结构填料由于与更传统的蒸馏塔内件(诸如塔盘等)相比,其压降低,传质效率好,已应用于这类蒸馏塔中。
如图1所示,许多结构填料应用垂直取向的波纹填料片10和12,其中波纹的布置与垂线成一角度。每个填料片的定位使得其起皱方向于其相邻的填料片相反。每个填料片垂直边缘的特点在于,它赋予在相应边缘流动液体的运动。因此,填料片10包括一个垂直边缘14,后者的特征在于,将沿边缘14向下导向的液流向内导向,并离开其相邻的壁表面。同样地,填料片12包括一垂直边缘16,其波纹将向外方向的液流导向相邻的壁表面。
参考图2(其中显示了与蒸馏塔壁18相邻的填料片12的侧视图)可以更好地理解上述说明。液体按箭头20所示方向导入,随着蒸汽在填料片之间形成的通道中向上流动,液体在波纹填料片上以膜的形式向下渗透。向下液流的某一部分到达填料片12的垂直边缘16,并沿该边缘向下移动。液体也移至蒸馏塔壁18的内表面,并沿该边缘向下流动。产生的壁流绕过填料,这既实际上降低了蒸馏塔的效率,也导致液体在塔内的分布不良。
在图3中,描述了不包含壳体结构的填料塔段22。填料片以按层布置的盘24安装,每层的高度一般为6-12英寸。相邻层26、28和30绕垂直轴转动,以增强迎着向上流动蒸汽而被蒸馏的向下流动液体的混合。在小塔中,26、28和30每层可以由一个填料片“砖”构成,而后者是用穿透所有片材的棒或用绕每块砖外围固定的带,将各个填料片固定在一起而形成的。在大塔中,每层可以由固定在一起、填充容器横截面的多块填料片的砖制成。
在图4中,10块1组的砖包含单层填料塔段。每块砖中的波纹图案可以是锯齿状或正弦状或一些其它重复形状。各个填料片沿波纹的峰和谷的接触点相互接触。
蒸馏塔的横截面积主要由蒸汽流和液流的速率和密度决定。对所述填料而言,所述填料塔的设计操作流速通常为泛液点流速的80-90%。泛液点是在固定液流速率下,塔可操作的最大蒸汽流速。在物理学上,当蒸汽负载使得液体在重力下不可再与蒸汽逆流流动时产生泛液点。
由于蒸汽为连续相,并且也能够通过使压力相等使径向流变化相等,因此蒸汽分布不良在蒸馏塔中通常是小问题。相反,液体分布不良由于使径向混合程度减小,因此是大问题。为此,大量的努力已放在设计位于填料上方并将液体输送到蒸馏塔的液体分布结构上。然而,已知即使原始液体分布良好,但液体沿蒸馏塔下移到达一点时,性能开始变坏。因此,填料塔段通常限于大约15层填料。如果给定的塔需要多于15层,那么将塔分为两段或多段,每段具有收集和再分布位于它们之间的液体的装置。这类结构涉及额外的基本费用,并增加塔高。由于需要低温试验箱和绝缘以包住塔并由此减小热渗漏,因此增加的高度在空气分离工业中是特别严重的负担。
伴随着高度的性能降低发生在这类蒸馏塔中,是由于填料诱导向下液流的分布不良而产生的。该现象一般导致壁流,即流下塔壳内部的液体有效地绕过填料。在现有技术中通常使用壁擦(wall wiper)来抵销,壁擦为一系列薄片,它们接触塔壳的内表面,并将壁流再导回填料。
如图5所示,现有技术的填料片布置为每个向外导向的填料片12夹在相邻的向内导向的填料片10之间。填料片的布置使得从蒸馏塔壁18的内表面分离时,它们相应的垂直边缘14和16接近蒸馏塔壁18的曲率。诸如图5所示布置的困难在于,只有向外导向填料片12的一端,在其边缘与相邻的向内导向的填料片10接触。因此,在向内导向填料片10和向外导向填料片12之间没有接触,其距离Δ的大小根据填料片的布置和蒸馏塔的直径而变化。暴露区域显示的区域具有朝向壁18内表面的无障碍液流出口。另外,该流表示分布不良。
从图5放大区域中可以看出,最长填料片的暴露区域最小,而最短的填料片的暴露区域最大。
除壁擦之外,现有技术描述了试图减小液体分布不良的大量技术。
Munters的美国专利3,599,943描述了交叉波纹填料片的使用,其中波纹折叠的垂直切口在其最低边缘附近。这类切口使沿折叠流动的液体在到达边缘之前改变流向。
Bosquain等人的美国专利5,262,095和Jeannot等人的美国专利5,224,351都包括在每个填料片向外边缘处变形,以形成液流障碍。这类变形使得向外导向的液体再导向向内方向。
在上述专利中的改进需要额外加工各个填料片,导致成本增加。
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供用于蒸馏塔的结构填料,它降低液体分布不良发展的速率。
本发明的另一目的是提供用于蒸馏塔的改进结构填料,它需要的额外基本费用最小,增加的制造复杂性小。
本发明的再一目的是提供用于蒸馏塔的改进结构填料,它减小壁流,而不需要对波纹填料片进行实际的结构修饰。
本发明包括一个热和质交换结构,包括具有内表面的垂直外壁的壳体。大量的第一波纹填料片包含倾斜波纹,以携带向下流动的液体离开壳体内表面。每个第一波纹填料片的外部边缘与壳体的内表面隔开。大量的第二波纹填料片位于壳体内,每个填料片夹在一对第一波纹填料片之间。每个第二波纹填料片包含倾斜波纹,以将向下流动的液体带向壳体垂直壁的内表面。每个第二波纹填料片的外部边缘,不比夹住第二波纹填料片的该对第一波纹填料片中的一个填料片的共定位外壁边缘更接近壳体垂直壁的内表面。
根据本发明的一个优选的实施方案,热和/或质交换结构中的每个所述第二传热和/或传质波纹片具有一种波纹高度h,其所述外部边缘比夹住所述第二传热和/或传质波纹片的所述一对第一波纹片的所述外部边缘更远离所述内表面,其距离为r,在此0≤r≤h。
从以下本发明优选实施方案的说明和附图中,本领域技术人员会想到其它目的、特征和优点,其中:
图1描述了显示既向外导向又向内导向通过它们的液体的一对波纹填料片。
图2为向外导向波纹填料片和相邻的蒸馏塔壁的示意图。
图3描述了使用三层波纹填料片的蒸馏塔填料段的结构。
图4描述了包含多个填料片砖的一个填料片层的横截面。
图5描述了在现有技术蒸馏塔中的单砖/层的平面图。
图5A描述了在现有技术蒸馏塔中的单砖/层的平面图,图5B和5C说明图5A所示的单砖/层的细节。
图6描述了并入本发明的单砖/层的平面图,图6B说明图6所示的单砖/层的细节。
图7描述了并入本发明另一实施方案中的单砖/层的平面图,图7B说明图7所示的单砖/层的细节。
图8描述了用于到达并入本发明的填料片布置设计的参数。
本发明的填料片布置使得在每个垂直边缘,具有向外导向波纹的填料片两面由具有向内导向波纹的填料片包围。更具体地讲,向内导向填料片布置在每个向外导向填料片周围,使得向外导向填料片没有暴露的Δ距离。通过这种布置,在向外导向填料片垂直边缘的液体传递回填料主体的机会增加。
上述布置在圆柱体中最为有利,在此将相邻的填料片切成不同的长度,以便最接近圆形横截面。在优选实施方案中,向外导向填料片的垂直边缘在较短的相邻向内导向填料片后凹进的距离大约为波纹卷曲高度的一半。应该理解,延伸至整个圆柱体的任何一个在一个末端向外导向填料片,在其相反末端是向内导向的。向外导向填料片出现相似的反转。因此,如果下文限定的这类填料片延伸穿过圆柱体,那么它们的边缘关系在其相反末端反转。
参考图6,描述了根据本发明的填料片的布置。向外导向填料片12的长度相对于现有技术的布置缩短了。因此,每个向外导向填料片12不比相邻的最短向内导向填料片10的垂直表面更向外延伸。通过这种布置,每个向外导向填料片12沿其整个外部垂直长度都有接触点,用来将液体转移至向内导向填料片10。这减小能够流过与壳壁18内表面接触的液体量或在填料外周累积的液体量。
参考图7,描述了本发明的另一实施方案,其中每个向外导向填料片12从与其相邻的每个向内导向填料片10向内凹进。这种布置确保(甚至更加肯定)液体不在每个向外导向填料片12的外部垂直边缘蓄积,也减小液体离开向外导向填料片12并流下塔壳壁18的可能性。每个向外导向填料片12优选的嵌入距离大约为波纹高度的一半。该嵌入从较短的向内导向填料片10的边缘测量。
图6和图7所示布置的特殊吸引力在于,它们可用于由并排放置的填料片制造的任何类型的结构填料。这类填料片不需要特殊的使用工具,或增加的基本费用,而且能够延长更有效使用的床的寿命。最佳布置使每个向外导向填料片在其相邻的较短的向内导向填料片之后凹进的距离小于波纹卷曲高度。
一般使结构填料具有某种结构,使其卷曲,然后在放置前以所需的“砖”形切成所需长度。对于小直径塔(通常小于3英尺)而言,填料片可以延伸整个弦齿长度,如图3所示。对于这一布置,任何给定填料片的长度都与距塔轴的圆周距离有关,关系如下(命名法参见图8):
L=2[(R-g)2-x2]0.5
其中:g为填料与壁之间的间隙(英寸),
x为距中心线的圆周距离(英寸),
R为壳体的内径(英寸),
L为填料片的长度(英寸)。
与位于距中心线x距离的该填料片有关的暴露长度Δ由下式计算;
Δ=2[(R-g)2-x2]0.5-[(R-g)2-(x+h)2]0.5
其中:h为卷曲高度(英寸)
因此填料片需要缩短的总长度为Δ加上凹进r(图8)。例如,给定的4英尺内径,卷曲高度和壁间隙分别为0.2英寸和0.5英寸,表1中给出在原始布置中某些填料片的长度和它们需要减少的量。该表假定凹进为1/8英寸。
表1
x(英寸) | L(英寸) | Δ+r(英寸) |
49121620 | 46.3144.1940.4134.4224.68 | 0.160.20.250.310.46 |
弦形元件(chordal element)填料片长度的减小
对较大直径的塔而言,单砖通常不是延伸穿过整个塔层,而是由几块砖组成。在这类情况下,只有在塔壁含有边缘的那些砖需要修饰。对于不凹进的情况,则通过简单地将具有向外导向倾斜波纹的填料片切成与其相邻的较短填料片相等的长度来容易地实施本发明。
由单个填料片制成一块砖稍为复杂。使用现有技术的布置,填料片通常叠成砖状,并通常用穿透填料的金属棒保持在一起。在本发明的布置中,由于一个边缘不接触模壳,因此更需要小心以确保填料片正确定位。这可以通过在放入模壳前,一次正确校准固定两个填料片来完成。固定物可以为钉子或易除去的栓。或者,对诸如在较大塔中的具有一个平坦边缘的砖而言,填料片可以垂直堆叠,使得它们自动地正确定位。一个选择方法是产生边缘起伏以保持填料正确定位的模壳。
本发明布置的一个缺点是,由于其填料片长度缩短,减小填料对塔横截面的覆盖范围。使用波纹填料片时,接近圆形的效率随着卷曲高度的降低而提高。本发明的布置有效地配合圆形,等于两倍卷曲高度填料对圆形的配合。面积覆盖范围的部分损失ΔA等于填料片总长度的损失。对于诸如图6所示的凹进r为零的布置,覆盖范围部分有效损失大约为:
ΔA=2h/πR
例如,通常使用h=0.20”的空气分离填料。因此2英尺、4英尺和8英尺塔覆盖范围的部分损失分别为0.01、0.005和0.003。就界面面积损失而言,认为这是可忽略的量;但就蒸汽绕过而言,可能更显著。与其它填料相比,它的发生是因为由缩短填料片产生的在填料边缘和塔壳之间的开放空间内,对流动的阻抗较小。在现有技术设计中,由于壁隙的存在而遇到该问题。通过使用壁擦来解决这个问题,壁擦具有不同设计,但通常由一个薄片组成,或由环绕填料的网状柱带和从填料端部向外张开并接触塔壳的一系列薄片组成。
同样地,由本发明产生的蒸汽绕过问题可以通过使用侵入缩短填料片的凹进空间的壁擦来解决。
注意到按照本发明设计的比表面积为500m2/m3的填料的柱配合(如图7所示),与用一半比表面积(即250m2/m3)填料获得的柱配合相似,可以想象该值的大小。申请人知道,与比表面积超过500m2/m3的填料相比,常规制造的比表面积为250m2/m3的填料没有报道由于蒸汽沿填料和壁之间间隙绕过,导致其性能损失。
本发明的具体特征示于一个或多个附图中只是为了方便,而根据本发明每个特征可以与其它特征组合。本领域技术人员会认识到其它实施方案,这些实施方案被包括在权利要求的范围内。
Claims (6)
1.一种热和/或质交换结构,包括:
包含具有内表面的垂直外壁的壳体;
大量的第一传热和/或传质波纹片,具有倾斜波纹以便携带向下流动的液体离开所述内表面,它还具有与所述内表面隔开的外部边缘;和
一种第二传热和/或传质波纹片,夹在每对所述第一传热和/或传质波纹片之间;具有倾斜波纹,以便将向下流动的流体带向所述内表面;隔开的所述第二传热和/或传质片外部边缘,不比夹住所述第二传热和/或传质波纹片的所述一对第一波纹填料片中的一种填料片的共定位外部边缘更接近所述内表面。
2.权利要求1中所述的热和/或质交换结构,其中每个所述第二传热和/或传质波纹片具有一种波纹高度h,其所述外部边缘比夹住所述第二传热和/或传质波纹片的所述一对第一波纹片的所述外部边缘更远离所述内表面,其距离为r,在此0≤r≤h。
3.权利要求2中所述的热和/或质交换结构,其中r为h/2。
4.蒸馏塔的填料布置,包括:
大量的第一传热和/或传质波纹片,具有倾斜波纹以便将向下流动的液体带向所述填料布置的内部区域并离开其周边,还具有一种外部边缘;和
一种第二传热和/或传质波纹片,夹在每对所述第一传热和/或传质波纹片之间;具有倾斜波纹,以便将向下流动的流体带向所述周边;隔开的所述第二传热和/或传质片外部边缘,不比夹住所述第二传热和/或传质波纹片的所述一对第一波纹填料片中的一种填料片的共定位外部边缘更接近所述周边。
5.权利要求4中所述的填料布置,其中每个所述第二传热和/或传质波纹片具有一种波纹高度h,其所述外部边缘比夹住所述第二传热和/或传质波纹片的所述一对第一波纹片更远离所述周边,其距离为r,在此0≤r≤h。
6.权利要求5中所述的填料布置,其中r为h/2。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/590,663 US5700403A (en) | 1996-01-24 | 1996-01-24 | Distillation column employing structured packing which reduces wall flow |
JP9315750A JPH11128735A (ja) | 1996-01-24 | 1997-10-14 | 壁面流れを減少する組織化充填を用いる蒸留塔 |
CN97123117A CN1090054C (zh) | 1996-01-24 | 1997-11-14 | 应用减小壁流结构填料的蒸馏塔 |
CA002221104A CA2221104C (en) | 1996-01-24 | 1997-11-14 | Distillation column employing structured packing which reduces wall flow |
BR9705710A BR9705710A (pt) | 1996-01-24 | 1997-11-14 | Coluna de destilação que emprega gaxeta estrutura que reduz o fluxo de parede |
EP97120026A EP0916400B1 (en) | 1996-01-24 | 1997-11-14 | Distillation column employing structured packing which reduces wall flow |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/590,663 US5700403A (en) | 1996-01-24 | 1996-01-24 | Distillation column employing structured packing which reduces wall flow |
JP9315750A JPH11128735A (ja) | 1996-01-24 | 1997-10-14 | 壁面流れを減少する組織化充填を用いる蒸留塔 |
CN97123117A CN1090054C (zh) | 1996-01-24 | 1997-11-14 | 应用减小壁流结构填料的蒸馏塔 |
CA002221104A CA2221104C (en) | 1996-01-24 | 1997-11-14 | Distillation column employing structured packing which reduces wall flow |
BR9705710A BR9705710A (pt) | 1996-01-24 | 1997-11-14 | Coluna de destilação que emprega gaxeta estrutura que reduz o fluxo de parede |
EP97120026A EP0916400B1 (en) | 1996-01-24 | 1997-11-14 | Distillation column employing structured packing which reduces wall flow |
Publications (2)
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CN1217230A CN1217230A (zh) | 1999-05-26 |
CN1090054C true CN1090054C (zh) | 2002-09-04 |
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CN97123117A Expired - Fee Related CN1090054C (zh) | 1996-01-24 | 1997-11-14 | 应用减小壁流结构填料的蒸馏塔 |
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Country | Link |
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US (1) | US5700403A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0916400B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH11128735A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1090054C (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9705710A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2221104C (zh) |
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US5700403A (en) * | 1996-01-24 | 1997-12-23 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Distillation column employing structured packing which reduces wall flow |
US6244333B1 (en) | 1998-08-27 | 2001-06-12 | Zeks Air Drier Corporation | Corrugated folded plate heat exchanger |
US6186223B1 (en) | 1998-08-27 | 2001-02-13 | Zeks Air Drier Corporation | Corrugated folded plate heat exchanger |
US6425574B1 (en) | 1998-12-18 | 2002-07-30 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Mixed-resistance structured packing |
DE69907616T2 (de) * | 1998-12-28 | 2004-03-11 | Nippon Sanso Corp. | Dampf-flüssig Kontaktor, kryogene Lufttrennungseinheit und Verfahren zur Gastrennung |
US6585237B2 (en) | 2000-10-16 | 2003-07-01 | Pradeep Khasherao Pagade | Fluid contacting device used as structured packing and static mixer |
EP1254705A1 (de) * | 2001-04-26 | 2002-11-06 | Sulzer Chemtech AG | Kolonnenförmiger Reaktor mit Packung und Wärmeübertragendem Mittel |
AU2003263602A1 (en) * | 2003-09-17 | 2005-04-11 | Tadayoshi Nagaoka | Reactor with packing mean |
US8298412B2 (en) * | 2008-09-17 | 2012-10-30 | Koch-Glitsch, Lp | Structured packing module for mass transfer column and process involving same |
JP5661215B1 (ja) * | 2014-09-19 | 2015-01-28 | 大陽日酸株式会社 | 規則充填物 |
EP3426387B1 (de) * | 2016-03-10 | 2020-06-10 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum einbau einer packungsscheibe einer strukturierten packung in einen behälter einer stoffaustauschkolonne |
RU2640235C1 (ru) * | 2017-02-06 | 2017-12-27 | Аркадий Генрихович Левшин | Устройство для фракционирования многокомпонентных смесей |
WO2019012621A1 (ja) * | 2017-07-12 | 2019-01-17 | 住友重機械プロセス機器株式会社 | 規則充填物、規則充填物用シート、規則充填物の製造方法 |
JP7175793B2 (ja) * | 2019-02-19 | 2022-11-21 | 大陽日酸株式会社 | 充填塔及び充填物 |
CN113559817B (zh) * | 2020-06-16 | 2022-10-14 | 上海化工研究院有限公司 | 用于形成规整填料的波纹丝网片、规整填料和精馏塔 |
FR3136384A1 (fr) * | 2022-06-10 | 2023-12-15 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Colonne d’échange de matière et de chaleur équipée de garnissage ondulé-croisé en mousse métallique |
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- 1997-11-14 BR BR9705710A patent/BR9705710A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-11-14 EP EP97120026A patent/EP0916400B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-14 CA CA002221104A patent/CA2221104C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Publication number | Publication date |
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JPH11128735A (ja) | 1999-05-18 |
EP0916400B1 (en) | 2006-07-12 |
EP0916400A1 (en) | 1999-05-19 |
CA2221104C (en) | 2001-01-16 |
BR9705710A (pt) | 1999-07-06 |
US5700403A (en) | 1997-12-23 |
CN1217230A (zh) | 1999-05-26 |
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