CN109001051B - L-shaped shear seepage experimental device and method suitable for jointed or fractured rock mass - Google Patents
L-shaped shear seepage experimental device and method suitable for jointed or fractured rock mass Download PDFInfo
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- CN109001051B CN109001051B CN201810682835.8A CN201810682835A CN109001051B CN 109001051 B CN109001051 B CN 109001051B CN 201810682835 A CN201810682835 A CN 201810682835A CN 109001051 B CN109001051 B CN 109001051B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
Abstract
The utility model discloses an L-shaped shear seepage experimental device and method suitable for a jointed or fractured rock mass, and relates to rock mechanical testing technology. The device is as follows: the joint sample is arranged in a shearing module which is arranged in the confining pressure loading subsystem; the radial deformation measuring meter is clamped at two sides of the joint sample; the confining pressure loading subsystem is connected with a compressed air source through a pipeline and a valve; the axial loading subsystem, the pore pressure loading subsystem, the temperature control subsystem, the control measurement subsystem and the vacuum subsystem are respectively connected with the confining pressure loading subsystem. The device can complete a shearing seepage experiment under the action of high temperature and high pore pressure, and can also measure the joint permeability during shearing; the device adopts the servo motor and the precise ball screw to realize high-precision control of axial displacement and can stably run for a long time; the underwater load sensor is adopted, so that the friction force of the piston of the confining pressure chamber can be avoided, and the measurement accuracy of stress is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to rock mechanics test technology, in particular to an L-shaped shear seepage test device and method suitable for joint or fractured rock mass.
Background
The mechanical and hydraulic properties of a rock mass are largely dependent on the mechanical and hydraulic properties of joints or fissures in the rock mass, and shear-percolation experiments on joints or fissures are important means to study these properties. However, the existing shearing seepage equipment at present cannot meet the research requirements on the mechanical and hydraulic characteristics of the deep buried joint. Because the deep rock mass is in the environment of high temperature and high pore pressure, the mechanical and hydraulic characteristics of the deep joint are researched and the environment of high temperature and high pore pressure is required to be simulated. The current shearing seepage equipment is only suitable for the shearing seepage experiment under the action of lower pore pressure, and can not simulate the high-temperature environment of the stratum. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a shear seepage experimental device suitable for high temperature and high pore pressure.
Based on the prior utility model (multiphase flow-stress coupling core shear test device and method thereof: publication No. CN 106442172A), the sealing of high-pressure pore fluid in the joint or fracture shearing process can be effectively solved; based on the existing utility model (spring leaf normal deformation meter suitable for rock shearing: publication No. CN 206710225U), the radial deformation of joints or cracks in the shearing process can be measured. While these devices and methods can solve the fluid sealing problem and the radial measurement problem, the shear seepage test of joints cannot be accomplished independently, requiring the aid of other equipment such as conventional triaxial testers. Moreover, the loading control mode of these external devices is not well suited to the shear module and does not necessarily enable temperature control. Therefore, we propose an L-shaped shear seepage experimental device and a method thereof which are applicable to joint or fractured rock mass based on the utility model (CN 106442172A). The utility model uses a shearing pad shaped like an L to shear the jointed or fractured rock mass, and is therefore named L-shaped shearing.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to provide an L-shaped shear seepage experimental device and method suitable for joint or fractured rock mass, which can complete a shear seepage experiment of joint under the action of high temperature and high pore pressure and a test for measuring joint permeability in the process of shearing.
The purpose of the utility model is realized in the following way:
the confining pressure can be applied to the joint through the confining pressure loading pump and the confining pressure chamber, and the confining pressure is equal to the positive stress of the joint; the pore metering pump can inject high-pressure pore fluid into the joint; the temperature control system can heat and simulate a high-temperature environment; the axial loading system applies shear stress to the joint and enables precise control of shear displacement or shear stress. The magnitude of the shearing force can be directly measured by adopting the underwater load sensor to be arranged in the confining pressure chamber, so that experimental errors caused by friction force of a piston in the confining pressure chamber are avoided; the axial LVDT may measure shear displacement and the radial deformation sensor may measure joint radial deformation.
Specifically:
1. l-shaped shear seepage experimental device (device for short) suitable for jointed or fractured rock mass
Comprises an experimental object, namely an joint sample; 6 subsystems and other components are arranged;
the 6 subsystems comprise a confining pressure loading subsystem, an axial loading subsystem, a temperature control subsystem, a pore pressure loading subsystem, a control measurement subsystem and a vacuum subsystem;
other components include a shear module, a radial deformation gauge, a compressed air source, and 1, 2 … … valves;
the positions and the connection relations are as follows:
the joint sample is arranged in the shearing module, the shearing module is arranged in the confining pressure loading subsystem, and the radial deformation meter is clamped at two sides of the joint sample;
the confining pressure loading subsystem is connected with a compressed air source through a pipeline and a valve, positive stress is applied to the joint sample by applying confining pressure, and the shearing module realizes shearing dislocation of the joint sample;
the axial loading subsystem, the temperature control subsystem, the pore pressure loading subsystem, the control measurement subsystem and the vacuum subsystem are respectively connected with the confining pressure loading subsystem;
the axial loading subsystem axially compresses the joint sample, can apply shear stress, and controls shear displacement;
the temperature control subsystem applies a stable temperature field to the joint sample by controlling the temperature of the hydraulic oil;
the pore pressure loading subsystem injects pore fluid into the joint sample, maintains constant pore pressure or maintains constant flow;
the control measurement subsystem is respectively connected with the confining pressure loading subsystem, the axial loading subsystem, the temperature control subsystem and the pore pressure loading subsystem, and respectively controls confining pressure loading, axial loading, temperature and pore pressure loading;
the control measurement subsystem is connected with the radial deformation meter to measure the normal deformation of the joint sample;
the control measurement subsystem is connected with a built-in displacement sensor in the shearing module, and the shearing displacement of the joint sample is measured;
the control measurement subsystem also stores and processes the data of the subsystem;
the vacuum subsystem is connected with the pore pressure loading subsystem to realize the vacuum state of the pore pressure loading subsystem;
the compressed air source is connected with the confining pressure loading subsystem and used for driving the hydraulic oil to be transferred.
The utility model has the following advantages and positive effects:
(1) the device can complete a shearing seepage experiment under the action of high temperature and high pore pressure, and can also measure the joint permeability during shearing;
(2) the device adopts the servo motor and the precise ball screw to realize high-precision control of axial displacement and can stably run for a long time;
(3) the underwater load sensor is adopted, so that the friction force of the piston of the confining pressure chamber can be avoided, and the measurement accuracy of stress is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the structure of the present device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present device;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the shear module 70;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the radial deformation gauge 80.
In the figure:
00-joint test pieces;
10-a confining pressure loading subsystem,
11-an oil storage tank, 12-a confining pressure loading pump, 13-a confining pressure sensor,
14-confining pressure chamber, 14-1-piston;
a 20-axial loading subsystem, which is used for loading the steel plate,
21-a servo motor, 22-a speed reducer, 23-a ball screw, 24-a counter-force rod,
25-an underwater load sensor, 26-a displacement sensor;
30-a temperature control subsystem,
31-a temperature sensor, 32-a heating rod and 33-a heat preservation sleeve;
40-pore pressure loading subsystem
41-pore pressure metering pump, 42-upstream pressure sensor, 43-downstream pressure sensor,
44-differential pressure gauge;
50-control measurement subsystem
51-a PLC controller, 52-a computer;
60-vacuum system
61-a vacuum pump, 62-a vacuum gauge, 63-a vacuum container;
70-a shearing module, wherein the shearing module is provided with a plurality of shearing modules,
71-built-in displacement sensor, 72-built-in displacement sensor bracket, 73-heat shrinkage sleeve,
74-shearing cushion blocks, 75-soft rubber plugs;
80-radial deformation gauge;
81-a base, 82-a deformation reed, 83-a strain gauge and 84-a U-shaped bracket;
a, a compressed air source;
v1, V2 … … V8-1 st, 2 … … 8 th valve.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples:
1. device and method for controlling the same
1. Overall (L)
As shown in fig. 1, the device comprises an experimental object, namely an joint sample 00; 6 subsystems and other components are arranged;
the 6 subsystems comprise a confining pressure loading subsystem 10, an axial loading subsystem 20, a temperature control subsystem 30, a pore pressure loading subsystem 40, a control subsystem 50 and a vacuum subsystem 60;
other components include a shear module 70, a radial deformation gauge 80, a compressed air source A, and 1 st, 2 … … 8 valves V1, V2 … … V8;
the positions and the connection relations are as follows:
the joint sample 00 is placed in the shearing module 70, the shearing module 70 is placed in the confining pressure loading subsystem 10, and the radial deformation gauges 80 are clamped at two sides of the joint sample 00;
the confining pressure loading subsystem 10 is connected with a compressed air source A through a pipeline and a valve, applies positive stress to the joint sample 00 by applying confining pressure, and realizes shearing dislocation of the joint sample 00 by the axial compression shearing module 70;
the axial loading subsystem 20, the temperature control subsystem 30, the pore pressure loading subsystem 40, the control subsystem 50 and the vacuum subsystem 60 are respectively connected with the confining pressure loading subsystem 10;
the axial loading subsystem 20 applies shear stress to the joint sample 00 and controls shear displacement;
the temperature control subsystem 30 applies a stable temperature field to the joint sample 00 by controlling the temperature of the hydraulic oil;
the pore pressure loading subsystem 40 injects pore fluid into the joint sample 00, maintains a constant pore pressure or maintains a constant flow rate;
the control measurement subsystem 50 is respectively connected with the confining pressure loading subsystem 10, the axial loading subsystem 20, the temperature control subsystem 30 and the pore pressure loading subsystem 40, and respectively controls confining pressure loading, axial loading, temperature and pore pressure loading;
the control measurement subsystem 50 is connected with the radial deformation meter 80 to measure the normal deformation of the joint sample 00;
the control measurement subsystem 50 is connected with a built-in displacement sensor 71 in the shearing module 70, and measures the shearing displacement of the joint sample 00;
the control measurement subsystem 50 also performs data storage and processing on the above-described subsystems;
the vacuum subsystem 60 is connected with the pore pressure loading subsystem 30 to realize the vacuum state of the pore pressure loading subsystem 30;
a source of compressed air a is connected to the confining pressure loading subsystem 10 for driving the transfer of hydraulic oil.
2. Functional component
0) Joint sample 00
The joint sample 00 is a subject, and its joint surface is along its axial direction.
1) Confining pressure loading subsystem 10
The confining pressure loading subsystem 10 consists of an oil storage tank 11, a confining pressure loading pump 12, a confining pressure sensor 13 and a confining pressure chamber 14, wherein the oil storage tank 11 and the confining pressure loading pump 12 are respectively connected with the confining pressure chamber 14 through pipelines, the 1 st valve V1, the 2 nd valve V2 and the confining pressure sensor 13 are arranged on the pipelines, the upper end of the oil storage tank 11 is connected to a compressed air source A, and the upper end of the confining pressure chamber 14 is connected with the compressed air source A through the 3 rd valve V3.
The functions are as follows: applying positive stress to the joint sample 00 by applying confining pressure;
(1) Oil storage tank 11
The oil storage tank 11 is a high-pressure tank body capable of resisting more than 2MPa, an oil filling hole and an air filling hole are formed in the upper end of the tank body, and an oil outlet is formed in the bottom of the tank body; the hydraulic oil in the tank can be pressed into the confining pressure chamber 14 by connecting the upper gas injection hole with the compressed air source a.
(2) Confining pressure loading pump 12
The confining pressure loading pump 12 is a common liquid metering pump, and can realize pressure control or flow control;
the functions are as follows: a high constant pressure is applied to the confining pressure chamber, and the pressure can be precisely controlled.
(3) Confining pressure sensor 13
The confining pressure sensor 13 is a high-precision sensor capable of detecting pressure changes;
its function is to monitor the change of confining pressure in real time.
(4) Confining pressure chamber 14
The confining pressure chamber 14 is a commonly used rock triaxial experiment high pressure cavity, and is provided with a piston 14-1 with a self-balancing function at the upper part thereof, and a plurality of pores and communication channels at the lower part thereof.
Its function is to apply confining pressure to the joint sample 00 and transmit external axial force through the piston 14-1.
Piston 14-1 is a cylinder in the confining pressure chamber 14 that transmits an external axial force to the inside.
2) Axial loading subsystem 20
The axial loading subsystem 20 is composed of a servo motor 21, a speed reducer 22, a ball screw 23, a counter-force rod 24, an underwater load sensor 25 and a displacement sensor 26, wherein the servo motor 21, the speed reducer 22 and the ball screw 23 are sequentially connected, the ball screw 23 is fixed on the upper part of the confining pressure chamber 14 through the counter-force rod 24, the underwater load sensor 25 is fixed on the lower end of the piston 14-1 in the confining pressure chamber 14, the main body of the displacement sensor 26 is fixed on the upper end of the counter-force rod 24, and the advancing end of the displacement sensor is fixed on the roller screw 23.
The functions are as follows: shear stress is applied to the joint sample 00 and shear displacement can be controlled.
(1) Servo motor 21
The servo motor 21 is a conventional high-performance servo motor;
which functions as a source of power for the axial loading subsystem 20.
(2) Speed reducer 22
The speed reducer 22 is a conventional high-speed reduction gear.
Its function is to reduce the high rotational speed of the motor to increase torque.
(3) Ball screw 23
The ball screw is a commonly used transmission high-precision screw;
its function is to convert rotary motion into linear motion, pushing the travel of the piston 14-1.
(4) Reaction force lever 24
The reaction bar 24 is a high-rigidity steel round bar;
the function of the device is to limit the relative displacement between the servo motor 21 and the confining pressure chamber 14, so that the displacement of the ball screw 23 is converted into force, and the device can bear the huge thrust of advancing the piston 14-1 and only generate tiny deformation.
(5) Underwater load sensor 25
The underwater load sensor 25 is a load sensor that can be used in high-pressure, high-temperature insulating liquids;
the function of the device is to directly measure the shearing force in the experimental process, so that the friction force of the piston 14-1 can be prevented from being counted.
(6) Displacement sensor 26
The displacement sensor 26 is a commonly used high-precision displacement measurement sensor;
its function is to directly measure the travel distance of the ball screw 23 with high accuracy.
3) Temperature control subsystem 30
The temperature control subsystem 30 is composed of a temperature sensor 31, heating rods 32 and a thermal insulation sleeve 33, wherein the plurality of heating rods 32 are uniformly fixed on the periphery in the confining pressure chamber 14, the temperature sensor 31 is arranged above the confining pressure chamber 14, and the thermal insulation sleeve 33 is wrapped on the outer side of the confining pressure chamber 14.
The functions are as follows: the temperature of the hydraulic oil is controlled.
(1) Temperature sensor 31
The temperature sensor 31 is a high voltage platinum resistance temperature sensor, and can monitor the temperature change in the confining pressure chamber 14;
(2) Heating rod 32
The heating rod 32 is a metal rod that converts electrical energy into thermal energy.
The device has the function of heating hydraulic oil and realizing high-temperature simulation environment during experiments.
(3) Thermal insulation sleeve 33
The heat preservation sleeve 33 is a soft sleeve which adopts heat preservation materials and can reduce the heat loss of hydraulic oil;
its function is to reduce the dissipation of heat from the confining pressure chamber 14.
4) Bore pressure loading subsystem 40
The pore pressure loading subsystem 40 is composed of a pore pressure metering pump 41, an upstream pressure sensor 42, a downstream pressure sensor 43 and a differential pressure meter 44, wherein the pore pressure metering pump 41 is connected with the confining pressure chamber 14 through a pipeline and a 5 th valve V5, the pipeline of the confining pressure chamber 14 is provided with the upstream pressure sensor 42 and the downstream pressure sensor 43, and the pipeline of the confining pressure chamber 14 is connected with the differential pressure meter 44 in parallel through the 6 th valve V6 and the 7 th valve V7.
The functions are as follows: the pore fluid is injected into the joint sample 00 and can maintain a constant pore pressure or a constant flow rate.
1) Hole pressure metering pump 41
The orifice pressure metering pump 41 is a commonly used liquid metering pump, and can realize pressure control or flow control;
the functions are as follows: the pore fluid is injected into the joint sample 00 and can maintain a constant pore pressure or a constant flow rate.
(2) Upstream pressure sensor 42
The upstream pressure sensor 42 is a high-precision sensor capable of detecting pressure changes;
its function is to measure the change in pore fluid pressure in real time.
(3) Downstream pressure sensor 43
The downstream pressure sensor 43 is a high-precision sensor capable of detecting pressure changes;
its function is to measure the change in pore fluid pressure in real time.
(4) Differential pressure gauge 44
The differential pressure gauge 44 is a sensor that can measure differential fluid pressure at different points;
its function is to measure the difference of pore fluid pressure at the upper and lower ends of the joint sample 00 for calculating the seepage rate, etc.
5) Control measurement subsystem 50
The control measurement subsystem 50 consists of a front-back connected PLC controller 51 and a computer 52
(1) PLC controller 51
The PLC controller 51 employs a programmable electronic device that controls various types of mechanical devices or production processes through digital or analog input and output;
its function is to control the precise travel of the axial loading subsystem 20, to control the precise shear displacement or shear stress of the device, and to enable the acquisition and transmission of signals.
(2) Computer 52
A computer is a commonly used computer;
the function of the system is to realize man-machine exchange and data storage and processing.
6) Vacuum subsystem 60
The vacuum subsystem 60 is composed of a vacuum pump 61, a vacuum gauge 62 and a vacuum container 63, wherein the vacuum pump 61 is connected with the vacuum container 63 through a pipeline, then connected with the pipeline of the confining pressure chamber 14 through a 4 th valve V4, and the vacuum gauge 62 is arranged at the upper part of the vacuum container 63.
(1) Vacuum pump 61
The vacuum pump 61 is a common evacuation device for evacuating the joint sample 00 and the fluid in the pipeline.
(2) Vacuum gauge 62
The vacuum gauge 62 is a type of gauge that mechanically measures vacuum.
(3) Vacuum vessel 63
The vacuum vessel 63 is a transparent vessel which can withstand 1 atmosphere and is used to separate the liquid pumped out during the vacuum pumping, thereby avoiding the influence on the vacuum pump 61.
7. Shear module 70
Referring to FIG. 3, the shear module 70 is a shear module for pushing joints to move with each other, and has a structure similar to that of the shear module in the patent (publication No. CN106442172A, 2016-11-09, name: multiphase flow-stress coupled core shear test device and method); the shearing cushion block is shaped like an L, and can shear the joint sample, so the shearing cushion block is named as L-shaped shearing.
Its function is to achieve shear staggering of joints.
(1) Built-in displacement sensor 71
The built-in displacement sensor 71 is a displacement sensor which can withstand high pressure and high temperature;
its function is to measure the relative shear displacement of joints under high pressure and high temperature conditions.
(2) Displacement sensor support 72
The displacement sensor bracket is a metal bracket capable of fixing the LVDT.
(3) Thermal shrinkage sleeve 73
The heat shrink sleeve 73 is a conventional large diameter heat shrink tube for isolating hydraulic oil and sealing pore fluids.
(4) Shear block 74
The shear pad 74 is a high stiffness steel cylinder with a semi-cylindrical upper portion;
its function is to transmit axial force, pushing shear dislocation of joint sample.
(5) Soft rubber plug 75
The soft rubber plug 75 is a very soft solid rubber with a high poisson's ratio;
its function is to fill the semicircular space in the upper portion of the shear pad 74.
8. Radial deformation meter 80
As shown in fig. 4, the radial deformation gauge 80 is a sensor for measuring the radial relative deformation of the joint sample 00, and is composed of a base 81, a deformation reed 82, a strain gauge 83 and a U-shaped bracket 84;
the base 81 is adhered to the joint sample 00 perpendicularly to the joint surface, the U-shaped bracket 84 is clamped on the base 81, the deformation reed 82 is fixed in the middle of the U-shaped bracket 84, and the strain gauges 83 are adhered to the upper and lower surfaces of the deformation reed 82.
Its function is to measure the normal displacement of the joint sample 00 upon shear.
(1) Base 81
A base for fixing the radial deformation meter.
(2) Deformed reed 82
The deformation reed is a deformation member in the radial deformation meter, and converts normal deformation of the sample into bending deformation of the deformation reed.
(3) Strain gage 83
The strain gauge is a common medium temperature resistance strain gauge used for measuring the strain of the deformed reed.
(4) U-shaped bracket structure 84
The U-shaped bracket is constructed as a rigid frame shaped like the letter "U" for transmitting normal deformation of the joint sample 00.
9. Compressed air source A
The compressed air source a is high pressure air generated by an air compressor for driving the transfer of hydraulic oil.
10. 1 st, 2 nd … … th valve V1, V2 nd … … V8
Is a common high-pressure valve.
2. L-shaped shear seepage experimental method (short method) suitable for jointed or fractured rock mass
(1) Preparation of joint test sample and sample loading
Assembling the joint sample 00 to be tested with a shearing cushion block 74 through a thermal shrinkage sleeve 73; the base 81 is adhered to the joint sample perpendicular to the joint surface, then the gap between the heat shrinkage sleeve 73 and the base 81 is glued and sealed, and the radial deformation meter 80 is clamped on the base 81 on the joint sample 00; then the built-in displacement sensor 71 is mounted on the built-in displacement sensor holder 74; the assembled shear module 70 is then placed into the confining pressure chamber 14 and the pipeline is connected.
(2) Oil-filled
Opening a 1 st valve V1 to press hydraulic oil in the oil storage tank 11 into the confining pressure chamber 14 through a compressed air source A;
(3) heating up
When the confining pressure chamber 14 is filled with hydraulic oil, a preset temperature is set, and the hydraulic oil is heated by the heating rod 32;
(4) confining pressure loading
After the temperature is stable, the confining pressure is set, and the confining pressure is loaded through the confining pressure loading pump 12;
(5) vacuumizing
Closing the 5 th valve V5, the 8 th valve V8, opening the 4 th valve V4, vacuumizing the joint sample 00 and the pore pipeline, and closing the 5 th valve V5 after vacuumizing is finished;
(6) fluid injection
Setting the pore pressure, opening a pore pressure metering pump 41 and a 5 th valve V5, and injecting pore fluid into the joint sample 00;
(7) axial loading
The fluid to be injected reaches equilibrium and the shear rate is set so that the piston 14-1 of the confining pressure chamber 14 just contacts the shear module 70;
(8) shear test or permeability measurement
Shear test: shearing the joint sample 00 at a certain shearing rate, and monitoring shearing stress and deformation;
permeability measurement: when the joint sample 00 is sheared to a set shearing displacement, stopping axial pushing, measuring the permeability of the joint sample 00 by adopting a pressure pulse method or a steady flow method, continuing to axially load the next shearing displacement after the permeability measurement is completed, and then measuring the permeability; sequentially cycling until the permeability measurement under all shear displacements is completed;
(9) device and data arrangement
After the test is completed, the pore fluid is firstly emptied, and then the shearing force and confining pressure are unloaded; after the temperature is reduced to a certain temperature, the hydraulic oil is discharged to the oil storage tank 11 through compressed air; taking out the joint sample 00; and (5) finishing the experimental results.
3. Principle of operation
The shearing module 70 can realize shearing test under the action of high pore pressure and can well seal pore fluid; the axial loading subsystem 20 adopts the servo motor 21, the speed reducer 22 and the precise ball screw 23, so that axial shearing stress can be provided for the shearing module 70, the advancing displacement of the ball screw 23 can be precisely controlled, namely, the shearing displacement of the joint sample 00 can be precisely controlled, and the shearing displacement out of control due to abrupt drop of the shearing stress can not occur after the stress reaches a shearing peak value; the confining pressure loading subsystem 10 can apply positive stress to the joint sample 00, can apply a temperature field to the joint sample 00 by controlling the temperature of hydraulic oil, can realize higher temperature, and can be stable in temperature.
The deformation condition of the joint sample 00 in the shearing process can be measured with high precision by adopting the built-in displacement sensor 71 and the radial deformation meter 80; the joint surface is along the axial direction, the cylindrical sample is easy to seal, and the pulse method or the steady flow method can be adopted to measure the permeability of the joint sample 00 after the dislocation; the shear force applied to the joint sample 00 can be directly measured by the underwater load sensor 25 arranged in the confining pressure chamber 14, so that errors caused by piston friction force are avoided.
Claims (1)
1. An L-shaped shear seepage experimental device suitable for a jointed or fractured rock mass comprises an experimental object joint sample (00); the method is characterized in that:
6 subsystems and other components are arranged;
the 6 subsystems comprise a confining pressure loading subsystem (10), an axial loading subsystem (20), a temperature control subsystem (30), a pore pressure loading subsystem (40), a control subsystem (50) and a vacuum subsystem (60);
other components include a shear module (70), a radial deformation gauge (80), a compressed air source (a), and 1 st, 2 nd … … th valves (V1, V2 … … V8);
the positions and the connection relations are as follows:
the joint sample (00) is arranged in the shearing module (70), the shearing module (70) is arranged in the confining pressure loading subsystem (10), and the radial deformation meters (80) are clamped at two sides of the joint sample (00);
the confining pressure loading subsystem (10) is connected with a compressed air source (A) through a pipeline and a valve, positive stress is applied to the joint sample (00) by applying confining pressure, and the axial compression shearing module (70) realizes shearing dislocation of the joint sample (00);
the axial loading subsystem (20), the temperature control subsystem (30), the pore pressure loading subsystem (40), the control measurement subsystem (50) and the vacuum subsystem (60) are respectively connected with the confining pressure loading subsystem (10);
the axial loading subsystem (20) applies shear stress to the joint sample (00) and controls shear displacement;
the temperature control subsystem (30) applies a stable temperature field to the joint sample (00) by controlling the temperature of the hydraulic oil;
the pore pressure loading subsystem (40) injects pore fluid into the joint sample (00), maintains a constant pore pressure or maintains a constant flow rate;
the control measurement subsystem (50) is respectively connected with the confining pressure loading subsystem (10), the axial loading subsystem (20), the temperature control subsystem (30) and the pore pressure loading subsystem (40) and respectively controls confining pressure loading, axial loading, temperature and pore pressure loading;
the control measurement subsystem (50) is connected with the radial deformation meter (80) to measure the normal deformation of the joint sample (00);
the control measurement subsystem (50) is connected with a built-in displacement sensor (71) in the shearing module (70) to measure the shearing displacement of the joint sample (00);
the control measurement subsystem (50) also stores and processes data of the subsystem;
the vacuum subsystem (60) is connected with the pore pressure loading subsystem (40) to realize the vacuum state of the pore pressure loading subsystem (40);
the compressed air source (A) is connected with the confining pressure loading subsystem (10) and is used for driving the transfer of hydraulic oil;
the confining pressure loading subsystem (10) consists of an oil storage tank (11), a confining pressure loading pump (12), a confining pressure sensor (13) and a confining pressure chamber (14), wherein the oil storage tank (11) and the confining pressure loading pump (12) are respectively connected with the confining pressure chamber (14) through pipelines, the 1 st valve (V1) and the 2 nd valve (V2) and the confining pressure sensor (13) are arranged on the pipelines, the upper end of the oil storage tank (11) is connected to a compressed air source (A), and the upper end of the confining pressure chamber (14) is connected with the compressed air source (A) through the 3 rd valve (V3);
the axial loading subsystem (20) consists of a servo motor (21), a speed reducer (22), a ball screw (23), a counter-force rod (24), an underwater load sensor (25) and a displacement sensor (26), wherein the servo motor (21), the speed reducer (22) and the ball screw (23) are sequentially connected, the speed reducer (24) is fixed on the upper part of the confining pressure chamber (14), the underwater load sensor (25) is fixed on the lower end of a piston (14-1) in the confining pressure chamber (14), the main body of the displacement sensor (26) is fixed on the upper end of the counter-force rod (24), and the advancing end of the main body of the displacement sensor is fixed on the ball screw (23);
the temperature control subsystem (30) consists of a temperature sensor (31), heating rods (32) and a heat preservation sleeve (33), wherein the plurality of heating rods (32) are uniformly fixed on the periphery in the confining pressure chamber (14), the temperature sensor (31) is arranged above the confining pressure chamber (14), and the heat preservation sleeve (33) is wrapped on the outer side of the confining pressure chamber (14);
the pore pressure loading subsystem (40) consists of a pore pressure metering pump (41), an upstream pressure sensor (42), a downstream pressure sensor (43) and a differential pressure meter (44), wherein the pore pressure metering pump (41) is connected with the confining pressure chamber (14) through a pipeline and a 5 th valve (V5), the pipeline of the confining pressure chamber (14) is provided with the upstream pressure sensor (42) and the downstream pressure sensor (43), and the pipeline of the confining pressure chamber (14) is connected with the differential pressure meter (44) in parallel through 6 th and 7 th valves (V6 and V7);
the vacuum subsystem (60) consists of a vacuum pump (61), a vacuum gauge (62) and a vacuum container (63), wherein the vacuum pump (61) is connected with the vacuum container (63) through a pipeline firstly, then is connected with a pipeline of the confining pressure chamber (14) through a 4 th valve (V4), and the vacuum gauge (62) is arranged at the upper part of the vacuum container (63);
the control measurement subsystem (50) consists of a PLC (51) and a computer (52) which are connected front and back;
the PLC controller (51) adopts a programmable electronic device which controls various mechanical devices or production processes through digital or analog input and output;
the computer (52) is a general purpose computer;
the vacuum subsystem (60) consists of a vacuum pump (61), a vacuum gauge (62) and a vacuum container (63), wherein the vacuum pump (61) is connected with the vacuum container (63) through a pipeline firstly, then is connected with a downstream pipeline of the pore pressure loading subsystem (40) through a 4 th valve (V4), and the vacuum gauge (62) is arranged at the upper part of the vacuum container (63);
the radial deformation meter (80) is a sensor for measuring the radial relative deformation of the joint sample (00) by strain, and consists of a base (81), a deformation reed (82), a strain gauge (83) and a U-shaped bracket (84);
the base (81) is adhered to the joint sample (00) perpendicular to the joint surface, the U-shaped support (84) is clamped on the base (81), the deformation reed (82) is fixed at the middle position of the U-shaped support (84), and the strain gauges (83) are adhered to the upper surface and the lower surface of the deformation reed (82).
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| CN201810682835.8A CN109001051B (en) | 2018-06-28 | 2018-06-28 | L-shaped shear seepage experimental device and method suitable for jointed or fractured rock mass |
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| CN109001051B true CN109001051B (en) | 2023-10-03 |
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