CN109000524B - Boundary control blasting method for reducing over-excavation and under-excavation - Google Patents
Boundary control blasting method for reducing over-excavation and under-excavation Download PDFInfo
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- CN109000524B CN109000524B CN201810899895.5A CN201810899895A CN109000524B CN 109000524 B CN109000524 B CN 109000524B CN 201810899895 A CN201810899895 A CN 201810899895A CN 109000524 B CN109000524 B CN 109000524B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D5/00—Safety arrangements
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Abstract
The invention relates to a boundary control blasting method for reducing over-excavation and under-excavation, which at least comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of unmanned aerial vehicle terrain surveying in the early stage, site cleaning and drawing lofting, blast hole arrangement, drilling machine operation and blast hole construction, longitudinal blasting operation, cleaning, grouting hole arrangement, drilling machine operation and grouting hole construction, grouting, charging of slope secondary blast hole excavation, secondary blast hole operation and monitoring, supporting and gradually completing high slope blasting excavation supporting. The invention has the following advantages: according to the boundary control blasting method for reducing the overexcavation and the underexcavation, provided by the invention, the blasting is arranged through the blasting holes, most rock masses outside the designed excavation line can be effectively removed, the blasting is arranged through the secondary blasting holes, a small part of rock masses outside the designed excavation line can be effectively removed, and the rock masses outside the designed excavation line can be successively removed through the batch blasting, so that the overexcavation and the underexcavation can be reduced, the construction cost is saved, and the boundary control blasting method has higher practical value and social value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of slope excavation controlled blasting of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a boundary controlled blasting method for reducing over-excavation and under-excavation.
Background
China is a mountainous country. In recent years, with the increasing of the investment of the country on the infrastructure projects, more and more highway and railway construction projects are provided. In the construction of highway and railway engineering in mountain areas, roads often pass between rivers, valleys and mountains, and the construction of the engineering often involves the excavation of high slopes.
In the construction of highway, railway and other projects in mountain areas, a drilling and blasting method is often adopted for operation. However, in the drilling and blasting construction, the overbreak and the underbreak are relatively uncontrollable, and the excessive overbreak causes not only an increase in cost but also, more importantly, an increase in the cost of the overfilled concrete. In actual construction, although the overbreak and the underexcavation are reduced as much as possible, the technical method is not appropriate, so that the engineering cost is increased in the construction process, and the construction period is prolonged.
At present, the high slope blasting technology has been widely applied in the building engineering industry, but is an innovative and perfect subject for the high slope blasting construction under special conditions. China is currently building and developing along coastal and developed cities to radiate towards second-line, third-line and remote mountainous areas, and very high requirements are put forward for high slope blasting under complex conditions of complex geology, vertical high slopes and pedestrian and vehicle traffic in lower national roads, and the blasting is more and more common in later engineering construction.
We therefore propose a boundary-controlled blasting method that reduces overbreak and underbreak.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a boundary control blasting method for reducing over-excavation and under-excavation.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a boundary control blasting method for reducing overbreak and underbreak at least comprises the following steps:
s001, surveying the terrain of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the early stage;
setting the ground resolution of a high slope in a mountain area according to the requirement of an aerial photography project;
planning a flight route of the unmanned aerial vehicle;
at takeoff, through the following calculation formula:
calculating the theoretical relative height H between the unmanned aerial vehicle and the ground, andadjusting the initial flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle according to the theoretical relative height H;
wherein f is a lens focal length of aerial equipment carried on the unmanned aerial vehicle, a is a pixel size of the aerial equipment carried on the unmanned aerial vehicle, and GSD is a theoretical ground resolution;
after taking off and reaching a preset aerial photographing area, starting aerial photographing operation;
in the flying process of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle is adjusted according to the fluctuation degree of the ground; before setting unmanned aerial vehicle to become high, unmanned aerial vehicle's flying height is H0, and the altitude variation of current topography is H, then unmanned aerial vehicle flying height control module is as follows to flying height's accommodate value lambda H:
λH＝h；
h is a negative value if the ground height decreases; if the ground height is increased, H is a positive value, and the flight height adjusting value lambda H of the unmanned aerial vehicle is obtained at the moment;
when the lambda H is a negative value, the unmanned aerial vehicle flight height module controls the flight height of the unmanned aerial vehicle to be decreased by the lambda H, and when the lambda H is a positive value, the unmanned aerial vehicle aircraft height control module controls the flight height of the unmanned aerial vehicle to be increased by the lambda H;
s002: cleaning on site and lofting drawings;
cleaning and flattening the terrain map of the high slope in the mountain ridge area shot by the S001;
according to a design drawing of a high slope in a mountain area, lofting an excavation line of the high slope;
s003: arranging blast holes; finding a designed excavation line of a high slope on the upper side of the high slope in the mountain area, arranging a plurality of blasting holes at the position 1.0m outside the excavation ground line of the first-stage slope surface along the excavation direction and at the position 1.0m in the transverse interval, and arranging the direction of the blasting holes downwards along the excavation surface; the inclination angle of the blast hole is the same as the design inclination angle of the side slope;
s004: drilling machine operation and blast hole construction; drilling by a drilling machine according to the corresponding positions of the blast holes to form the blast holes; the diameter of the blast hole is 30mm, the depth of the blast hole is 3m, and the depth is up to the step surface of the second-stage side slope surface;
s005: performing longitudinal blasting operation; blasting by putting explosives into the blasting holes; the single-hole loading quantity is 1800g according to a calculation formula Q ═ aLBq;
wherein the transverse interval a of the blast holes is 1.0m, the drilling depth L is 3.0m, the blasting thickness B is 0.5m, and the unit consumption q of the explosive is 1200g/m3；
Carrying out blasting vibration monitoring during longitudinal blasting operation, wherein the monitoring comprises monitoring point arrangement and inspection tour inspection modes; the monitoring point arrangement specifically comprises monitoring at the upper side, the middle part and the lower side of the high slope so as to prevent excessive blasting and adjust the blasting strategy in time; the patrol inspection mode adopts a project safety responsible person to patrol inspection within the blasting time, so that irrelevant persons are prevented from entering a blasting hazard area, and major potential safety hazards are prevented;
after the explosive is placed in the blasting hole, the top of the blasting hole is blocked by a water bag containing water, when the explosive explodes, the water bag and the water in the water bag can be exploded to form an atomized water vapor layer, and the atomized water vapor layer is combined with dust particles during explosion to form slurry so as to reduce the dust during blasting;
s006: cleaning; cleaning sandy soil and rock sundries on the step surface of the second-stage side slope surface after blasting, and leveling the step surfaces of the first-stage side slope surface and the second-stage side slope surface;
s007: arranging grouting holes; arranging a plurality of grouting holes at the position 1.0m away from the excavation ground line of the first-stage side slope surface towards the inner side of the excavation direction and at the position with the transverse interval of 0.5m, wherein the direction of the grouting holes is downwards arranged along the excavation surface; the inclination angle of the grouting hole is the same as the design inclination angle of the side slope.
S008: drilling machine operation and grouting hole construction; drilling by a drilling machine according to the corresponding position of the grouting hole to form the grouting hole; the diameter of the grouting hole is 80mm, the depth of the grouting hole is 3m, and the depth is up to the step surface of the second-stage side slope surface;
s009: grouting; cement mortar with a water cement ratio of 1:1 is injected into the grouting hole, so that the cement mortar is diffused to each position in the grouting hole, and a reinforcing column with set thickness is formed in the grouting hole;
s010: excavating a secondary blasting hole on the side slope and charging; a plurality of secondary blasting holes are formed in the outer side of the designed excavation line of the first-stage side slope surface along the inclined plane of the first-stage side slope surface, explosives are arranged in the secondary blasting holes, and the arrangement direction of the secondary blasting holes is perpendicular to the direction of the grouting holes;
s011: performing secondary blast hole operation and monitoring; blasting by putting explosives into the secondary blasting holes; the single-hole explosive loading is 72g according to a calculation formula Q ═ aLBq;
wherein the transverse interval a of the blast holes is 1.0m, the drilling depth L is 0.3m, the blasting thickness B is 0.2m, and the unit consumption q of the explosive is 1200g/m3；
Carrying out blasting vibration monitoring during secondary blasting hole blasting operation, wherein the monitoring comprises monitoring point arrangement and inspection tour inspection modes; the monitoring point arrangement specifically comprises monitoring at the upper side, the middle part and the lower side of the high slope so as to prevent excessive blasting and adjust the blasting strategy in time; the patrol inspection mode adopts a project safety responsible person to patrol inspection within the blasting time, so that irrelevant persons are prevented from entering a blasting hazard area, and major potential safety hazards are prevented;
s012: supporting; after the secondary blast hole operation is finished, carrying out sand blasting support on the first-stage slope surface; meanwhile, an anchor rod hole is formed in the first-stage slope surface corresponding to the reinforcing column body, and an anchor rod is fixedly connected with the reinforcing column body through the anchor rod hole;
s013: the high slope blasting excavation supporting is completed step by step; and after the blasting excavation support of the first grade of slope surface is finished, performing blasting excavation support of the second grade of slope surface, and repeating the steps S004-S012 until all the high slope blasting excavation supports are finished.
Preferably, after the explosive is put into the secondary blasting hole, the top of the secondary blasting hole is blocked by a water bag containing water; when the explosive explodes, the water bag and the water in the water bag can be exploded for four shots to form an atomized water vapor layer, and the atomized water vapor layer is combined with dust particles during explosion to form slurry, so that dust during explosion is reduced.
Preferably, the water bag is a plastic sealing water bag.
The technical scheme is preferably that high water-jetting guns are arranged around the explosion holes and the secondary explosion holes, and dust fall is carried out on the explosion area before, during and after explosion through the high water-jetting guns.
The technical scheme is preferably that the explosive is emulsion explosive or ammonium nitrate explosive.
The technical scheme is preferably that the secondary blasting holes are arranged in a plum blossom shape.
The technical scheme is preferably that the drilling machine adopts a hydraulic drill, a down-the-hole drill or a hand pneumatic drill.
The technical scheme is preferably that the inclination angle of the blast hole is the same as the design inclination angle of the side slope.
The technical scheme is preferably that the inclination angle of the grouting hole is the same as the design inclination angle of the side slope.
Preferably, the second-stage slope surface is arranged on the lower side of the first-stage slope surface.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: according to the boundary control blasting method for reducing the overexcavation and the underexcavation, provided by the invention, the blasting is arranged through the blasting holes, most rock masses outside the designed excavation line can be effectively removed, the blasting is arranged through the secondary blasting holes, a small part of rock masses outside the designed excavation line can be effectively removed, and the rock masses outside the designed excavation line can be successively removed through the batch blasting, so that the overexcavation and the underexcavation can be reduced, the construction cost is saved, and the boundary control blasting method has higher practical value and social value.
In the invention, unmanned aerial vehicle surveying is adopted, so that the terrain condition of the area to be constructed can be accurately mastered in the early stage; blasting vibration monitoring is carried out during blasting operation, so that irrelevant personnel are prevented from entering a blasting hazard area, and major potential safety hazards are prevented.
The dust fall is carried out on the explosion area before, during and after explosion by arranging the water bag and the high-speed water jet gun, the dust mass is covered in a three-dimensional manner, multiple reduction is carried out, the harmful gas and the raise dust of large-area open blasting are effectively reduced, and the device is clean and environment-friendly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the construction steps of a boundary controlled blasting method for reducing overbreak and underbreak according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the construction steps of the boundary control blasting method for reducing overbreak and underbreak according to the present invention.
The invention relates to a boundary control blasting method for reducing over-excavation and under-excavation, which comprises the following steps of:
s001, surveying the terrain of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the early stage;
setting the ground resolution of a high slope in a mountain area according to the requirement of an aerial photography project;
planning a flight route of the unmanned aerial vehicle;
at takeoff, through the following calculation formula:
calculating a theoretical relative height H of the unmanned aerial vehicle and the ground, and adjusting the initial flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle according to the theoretical relative height H;
the aerial photographing device comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle, a GSD and a high-altitude camera, wherein f is a lens focal length of the aerial photographing device carried on the unmanned aerial vehicle, a is a pixel size of the aerial photographing device carried on the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the GSD is a theoretical ground resolution, wherein the aerial photographing device is in the prior art and can be a high-altitude camera.
After taking off and reaching a preset aerial photographing area, starting aerial photographing operation;
in the flying process of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle is adjusted according to the fluctuation degree of the ground; before setting unmanned aerial vehicle to become high, unmanned aerial vehicle's flying height is H0, and the altitude variation of current topography is H, then unmanned aerial vehicle flying height control module is as follows to flying height's accommodate value lambda H:
λH＝h；
h is a negative value if the ground height decreases; if the ground height is increased, H is a positive value, and the flight height adjusting value lambda H of the unmanned aerial vehicle is obtained at the moment;
when lambda H is a negative value, the unmanned aerial vehicle flying height module controls the flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle to decrease lambda H, and when lambda H is a positive value, the unmanned aerial vehicle airplane height control module controls the flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle to increase lambda H. It should be noted that the unmanned aerial vehicle aircraft altitude control module is prior art for control unmanned aerial vehicle's flying height.
S002: cleaning on site and lofting drawings;
cleaning and flattening the terrain map of the high slope in the mountain ridge area shot by the S001;
according to a design drawing of a high slope in a mountain area, lofting an excavation line of the high slope;
s003: arranging blast holes; finding a designed excavation line of a high slope on the upper side of the high slope in the mountain area, arranging a plurality of blasting holes at the position 1.0m outside the excavation ground line of the first-stage slope surface along the excavation direction and at the position 1.0m in the transverse interval, and arranging the direction of the blasting holes downwards along the excavation surface;
s004: drilling machine operation and blast hole construction; drilling by a drilling machine according to the corresponding positions of the blast holes to form the blast holes; the diameter of the blast hole is 30mm, the depth of the blast hole is 3m, and the depth is up to the step surface of the second-stage side slope surface; the drilling machine is the existing equipment, can adopt hydraulic drill, down-the-hole drill or hand pneumatic drill, and specific model can be configured according to actual conditions.
S005: performing longitudinal blasting operation; blasting by putting explosives into the blasting holes; the single-hole loading quantity is 1800g according to a calculation formula Q ═ aLBq; the explosive adopts emulsion explosive;
wherein the transverse interval a of the blast holes is 1.0m, the drilling depth L is 3.0m, the blasting thickness B is 0.5m, and the unit consumption q of the explosive is 1200g/m3. Of course, the explosive may be a detonator.
Carrying out blasting vibration monitoring during longitudinal blasting operation, wherein the monitoring comprises monitoring point arrangement and inspection tour inspection modes; the monitoring point arrangement specifically comprises monitoring at the upper side, the middle part and the lower side of the high slope so as to prevent excessive blasting and adjust the blasting strategy in time; the inspection tour mode adopts the responsible personnel of project safety to inspect the inspection tour in the blasting time, avoids irrelevant personnel to get into the blasting harm region, prevents great potential safety hazard.
After the explosive is placed in the blasting hole, the top of the blasting hole is blocked by a water bag containing water, when the explosive explodes, the water bag and the water in the water bag can be exploded to form an atomized water vapor layer, and the atomized water vapor layer is combined with dust particles during explosion to form slurry so as to reduce the dust during blasting; the water bag is a plastic sealing water bag;
arranging a high water-jetting gun around the explosion hole, and performing dust fall on an explosion area before, during and after explosion by the high water-jetting gun; the high-speed water-jetting gun is an existing device, such as a fire-fighting high-speed water-jetting gun.
S006: cleaning; cleaning sandy soil and rock sundries on the step surface of the second-stage side slope surface after blasting, and leveling the step surfaces of the first-stage side slope surface and the second-stage side slope surface;
s007: arranging grouting holes; arranging a plurality of grouting holes at the position 1.0m away from the excavation ground line of the first-stage side slope surface towards the inner side of the excavation direction and at the position with the transverse interval of 0.5m, wherein the direction of the grouting holes is downwards arranged along the excavation surface;
s008: drilling machine operation and grouting hole construction; drilling by a drilling machine according to the corresponding position of the grouting hole to form the grouting hole; the diameter of the grouting hole is 80mm, the depth of the grouting hole is 3m, and the depth is up to the step surface of the second-stage side slope surface; the drilling machine adopts a hydraulic drill, a down-the-hole drill or a hand pneumatic drill.
S009: grouting; cement mortar with a water cement ratio of 1:1 is injected into the grouting hole, so that the cement mortar is diffused to each position in the grouting hole, and a reinforcing column with set thickness is formed in the grouting hole;
s010: excavating a secondary blasting hole on the side slope and charging; a plurality of secondary blasting holes are formed in the outer side of the designed excavation line of the first-stage side slope surface along the inclined plane of the first-stage side slope surface, explosives are arranged in the secondary blasting holes, and the arrangement direction of the secondary blasting holes is perpendicular to the direction of the grouting holes; the secondary blasting holes are arranged in a plum blossom shape.
S011: performing secondary blast hole operation and monitoring; blasting by putting explosives into the secondary blasting holes; the single-hole explosive loading is 72g according to a calculation formula Q ═ aLBq; the explosive adopts emulsion explosive;
wherein the transverse interval a of the blast holes is 1.0m, the drilling depth L is 0.3m, the blasting thickness B is 0.2m, and the unit consumption q of the explosive is 1200g/m3；
After the explosive is put into the secondary blasting hole, the top of the secondary blasting hole is blocked by a water bag containing water; when the explosive explodes, the water bag and the water in the water bag can be exploded for four shots to form an atomized water vapor layer, and the atomized water vapor layer is combined with dust particles during explosion to form slurry so as to reduce the dust during explosion; the water bag is a plastic sealing water bag; arranging a high-jetting water gun around the secondary explosion hole, and performing dust fall on an explosion area before, during and after explosion by the high-jetting water gun;
carrying out blasting vibration monitoring during secondary blasting hole blasting operation, wherein the monitoring comprises monitoring point arrangement and inspection tour inspection modes; the monitoring point arrangement specifically comprises monitoring at the upper side, the middle part and the lower side of the high slope so as to prevent excessive blasting and adjust the blasting strategy in time; the patrol inspection mode adopts a project safety responsible person to patrol inspection within the blasting time, so that irrelevant persons are prevented from entering a blasting hazard area, and major potential safety hazards are prevented;
s012: supporting; after the secondary blast hole operation is finished, carrying out sand blasting support on the first-stage slope surface; meanwhile, an anchor rod hole is formed in the first-stage slope surface corresponding to the reinforcing column body, and an anchor rod is fixedly connected with the reinforcing column body through the anchor rod hole; after the anchor rod is connected with the reinforcing column body, the structure of the first-stage side slope surface is favorably reinforced, and the stability is improved;
s013: blasting, excavating and supporting all the high slopes step by step; and after the blasting excavation support of the first grade of slope surface is finished, performing blasting excavation support of the second grade of slope surface, and repeating the steps S004-S012 until all the high slope blasting excavation supports are finished.
In conclusion, the boundary control blasting method for reducing the overbreak and the underexcavation can set explosive blasting through the blasting holes, can effectively remove most rock masses outside the designed excavation line, can set explosive blasting through the secondary blasting holes, can effectively remove small rock masses outside the designed excavation line, and can gradually remove rock masses outside the designed excavation line through batch blasting. In addition, the unmanned aerial vehicle is adopted for surveying, so that the terrain condition of the area to be constructed can be accurately mastered in the early stage; blasting vibration monitoring is carried out during blasting operation, so that irrelevant personnel are prevented from entering a blasting damage area, and major potential safety hazards are prevented; the dust fall is carried out on the explosion area before, during and after explosion by arranging the water bag and the high-speed water jet gun, the dust mass is covered in a three-dimensional manner, multiple reduction is carried out, the harmful gas and the raise dust of large-area open blasting are effectively reduced, and the device is clean and environment-friendly.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any variations, modifications, and alterations that may occur to one skilled in the art may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A boundary control blasting method for reducing overbreak and underbreak is characterized by at least comprising the following steps:
s001, surveying the terrain of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the early stage;
setting the ground resolution of a high slope in a mountain area according to the requirement of an aerial photography project;
planning a flight route of the unmanned aerial vehicle;
at takeoff, through the following calculation formula:
calculating a theoretical relative height H of the unmanned aerial vehicle and the ground, and adjusting the initial flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle according to the theoretical relative height H;
the system comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle, a GSD and a camera, wherein f is a lens focal length of aerial equipment carried on the unmanned aerial vehicle, a is a pixel size of the aerial equipment carried on the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the GSD is a theoretical ground resolution, wherein the aerial equipment is a high-altitude camera; after taking off and reaching a preset aerial photographing area, starting aerial photographing operation;
in the flying process of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle is adjusted according to the fluctuation degree of the ground; before setting unmanned aerial vehicle to become high, unmanned aerial vehicle's flying height is H0, and the altitude variation of current topography is H, then unmanned aerial vehicle flying height control module is as follows to flying height's accommodate value lambda H:
λH＝h；
h is a negative value if the ground height decreases; if the ground height is increased, H is a positive value, and the flight height adjusting value lambda H of the unmanned aerial vehicle is obtained at the moment;
when the lambda H is a negative value, the unmanned aerial vehicle flying height module controls the flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle to decrease | lambda H |, and when the lambda H is a positive value, the unmanned aerial vehicle airplane height control module controls the flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle to increase lambda H; the unmanned aerial vehicle airplane height control module is used for controlling the flight height of the unmanned aerial vehicle;
s002: cleaning on site and lofting drawings;
cleaning and flattening the terrain map of the high slope in the mountain ridge area shot by the S001;
according to a design drawing of a high slope in a mountain area, lofting an excavation line of the high slope;
s003: arranging blast holes; finding a designed excavation line of a high slope on the upper side of the high slope in the mountain area, arranging a plurality of blasting holes at the position 1.0m outside the excavation ground line of the first-stage slope surface along the excavation direction and at the position 1.0m in the transverse interval, and arranging the direction of the blasting holes downwards along the excavation surface;
s004: drilling machine operation and blast hole construction; drilling by a drilling machine according to the corresponding positions of the blast holes to form the blast holes; the diameter of the blast hole is 30mm, the depth of the blast hole is 3m, and the depth is up to the step surface of the second-stage side slope surface; the drilling machine adopts a hydraulic drill, a down-the-hole drill or a hand pneumatic drill;
s005: performing longitudinal blasting operation; blasting by putting explosives into the blasting holes; the single-hole loading quantity is 1800g according to a calculation formula Q ═ aLBq; the explosive adopts emulsion explosive;
wherein the transverse interval a of the blast holes is 1.0m, the drilling depth L is 3.0m, the blasting thickness B is 0.5m, and the unit consumption of explosive is 1200g/m 3;
carrying out blasting vibration monitoring during longitudinal blasting operation, wherein the monitoring comprises monitoring point arrangement and inspection tour inspection modes; the monitoring point arrangement specifically comprises monitoring at the upper side, the middle part and the lower side of the high slope so as to prevent excessive blasting and adjust the blasting strategy in time; the patrol inspection mode adopts a project safety responsible person to patrol and inspect in the blasting time, so that irrelevant persons are prevented from entering a blasting hazard area, and major potential safety hazards are prevented;
after the explosive is placed in the blasting hole, the top of the blasting hole is blocked by a water bag containing water, when the explosive explodes, the water bag and the water in the water bag can be exploded to form an atomized water vapor layer, and the atomized water vapor layer is combined with dust particles during explosion to form slurry so as to reduce the dust during blasting; the water bag is a plastic sealing water bag;
arranging a high water-jetting gun around the blasting hole, and performing dust fall on an explosion area before, during and after explosion by the high water-jetting gun;
s006: cleaning; cleaning sandy soil and rock sundries on the step surface of the second-stage side slope surface after blasting, and leveling the step surfaces of the first-stage side slope surface and the second-stage side slope surface;
s007: arranging grouting holes; arranging a plurality of grouting holes at the position 1.0m away from the excavation ground line of the first-stage side slope surface towards the inner side of the excavation direction and at the position with the transverse interval of 0.5m, wherein the direction of the grouting holes is downwards arranged along the excavation surface;
s008: drilling machine operation and grouting hole construction; drilling by a drilling machine according to the corresponding position of the grouting hole to form the grouting hole; the diameter of the grouting hole is 80mm, the depth of the grouting hole is 3m, and the depth is up to the step surface of the second-stage side slope surface; the drilling machine adopts a hydraulic drill, a down-the-hole drill or a hand pneumatic drill;
s009: grouting; cement mortar with a water cement ratio of 1:1 is injected into the grouting hole, so that the cement mortar is diffused to each position in the grouting hole, and a reinforcing column with set thickness is formed in the grouting hole;
s010: excavating a secondary blasting hole on the side slope and charging; a plurality of secondary blasting holes are formed in the outer side of the designed excavation line of the first-stage side slope surface along the inclined plane of the first-stage side slope surface, explosives are arranged in the secondary blasting holes, and the arrangement direction of the secondary blasting holes is perpendicular to the direction of the grouting holes; the secondary blasting holes are arranged in a plum blossom shape;
s011: performing secondary blast hole operation and monitoring; blasting by putting explosives into the secondary blasting holes; the single-hole explosive loading is 72g according to a calculation formula Q ═ aLBq; the explosive adopts emulsion explosive;
wherein the transverse interval a of the blast holes is 1.0m, the drilling depth L is 0.3m, the blasting thickness B is 0.2m, and the unit consumption of explosive is 1200g/m 3;
after the explosive is put into the secondary blasting hole, the top of the secondary blasting hole is blocked by a water bag containing water; when the explosive explodes, the water bag and the water in the water bag can be exploded for four shots to form an atomized water vapor layer, and the atomized water vapor layer is combined with dust particles during explosion to form slurry so as to reduce the dust during explosion; the water bag is a plastic sealing water bag; arranging a high water-jetting gun around the secondary blasting hole, and performing dust fall on an explosion area before, during and after explosion by the high water-jetting gun;
carrying out blasting vibration monitoring during secondary blasting hole blasting operation, wherein the monitoring comprises monitoring point arrangement and inspection tour inspection modes; the monitoring point arrangement specifically comprises monitoring at the upper side, the middle part and the lower side of the high slope so as to prevent excessive blasting and adjust the blasting strategy in time; the patrol inspection mode adopts a project safety responsible person to patrol and inspect in the blasting time, so that irrelevant persons are prevented from entering a blasting hazard area, and major potential safety hazards are prevented;
s012: supporting; after the secondary blast hole operation is finished, carrying out sand blasting support on the first-stage slope surface; meanwhile, an anchor rod hole is formed in the first-stage slope surface corresponding to the reinforcing column body, and an anchor rod is fixedly connected with the reinforcing column body through the anchor rod hole; after the anchor rod is connected with the reinforcing column body, the structure of the first-stage side slope surface is favorably reinforced;
s013: blasting, excavating and supporting all the high slopes step by step; and after the blasting excavation support of the first grade of slope surface is finished, performing blasting excavation support of the second grade of slope surface, and repeating the steps S004-S012 until all the high slope blasting excavation supports are finished.
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| CN201810899895.5A CN109000524B (en) | 2018-08-09 | 2018-08-09 | Boundary control blasting method for reducing over-excavation and under-excavation |
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| CN112610220B (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2022-11-29 | 中交二公局第六工程有限公司 | Tunnel overburdened and undermined total cost control method |
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