Method for reinforcing side slope and ruggedized construction
Technical field
The present invention relates to rock slope stabilization works technical field, be specifically related to a kind of method for reinforcing side slope and ruggedized construction.
Background technology
In complicated rock side slope engineering, deep-seated fault, crack and weak vein etc. poorly plastid are the principal elements that influences slope stability, and it administers technology is the emphasis and the difficult point of rock side slope engineering.At present, the ruggedized construction of successful Application mainly contains following several kinds in large-scale rock matter high gradient slope improvement engineering:
Along with the development of Anchor Cable Technique, in preventing land slide, adopt anchor cable to reinforce in a large number.This technology is through the plurality of rows anchor cable being set on sliding mass, applying a prestressing force to gliding mass and stablize the landslide.In addition, this technology also can be reinforced prestress anchorage cable with anchor cable antislide pile (or common antislide pile) separately and united use, reaches the purpose to integral reinforcing thereby be used for different improvement positions.
In recent years, the shearing resistance hole also begins to be applied to the improvement engineering of rock side slope.It mainly acts on is the shear resistance that improves slip-crack surface, utilizes the shearing resistance hole that the side slope deformable body has been carried out stable improvement as all adopting in the large-scale hydroelectric projects such as La Xiwa.The shearing resistance hole is actually a kind of novel concrete displacement hole.Concrete displacement hole is mainly used in as a kind of force transferring structure in the based process of large scale structure, can carry out the displacement of ad hoc structure face and improve its power transmission effect, carries out based process as having adopted this structure in the hydroelectric projects such as voe.
In addition, anchor caverns also is a kind of ruggedized construction of rock side slope gliding mass.Anchor caverns can be used as a cantilevered support structure skid resistance of gliding mass is provided, thereby reaches the engineering purpose of reinforcing side slope.Anchor caverns is used comparatively extensive in rock slope in the hydroelectric project landslide control of particularly weak structural plane control.
Yet, when side slope is inner when growing many group joint fissures and various types of tomography, vein, possibly form extremely complicated sloping body structure, receive natural force effects such as human engineering activity and rainfall, earthquake, possibly cause the side slope unstability.If the slip-crack surface width is big, intensity is low, when the gliding mass scale was big, reinforcement measures such as traditional antislide pile, anchor cable, shearing resistance hole or anchor caverns all were difficult to adapt to the improvement of this type of major landslip.
Summary of the invention
First technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of method for reinforcing side slope, and this method is applicable to administering the bigger large-scale rock matter high gradient slope of slip-crack surface buried depth.The technical scheme that solves this technical problem is following:
Method for reinforcing side slope is included in the step of building the anti-shear concrete structure in the sloping body, and wherein, said anti-shear concrete structure is shearing resistance hole, anchor caverns and the displacement integrative-structure that inclined shaft constituted that is formed by cast; See in the pressure of slip-crack surface is cut the district, multilayer shearing resistance hole is arranged along the separation of moving towards of this slip-crack surface from the side of this anti-shear concrete structure, and the equal horizontal-extending on slip-crack surface in every layer of shearing resistance hole; See that from the front of this anti-shear concrete structure the separation of moving towards in selected this shearing resistance hole, upper edge, shearing resistance hole that goes out has a plurality of anchor caverns, and these anchor caverns are all to pass the shearing resistance hole towards the direction of slip-crack surface; In addition, through this two-layer shearing resistance hole being fused at selected several displacement inclined shafts that extend along slip-crack surface between the two-layer shearing resistance hole up and down that go out.
The shearing resistance hole is arranged in the pressure of slip-crack surface and cuts the district, and its length adopts gateway opening shape or shape of a hoof equal section form by the boundary Control of potential gliding mass.Consider cavern's construction period stability, its section width and highly should not be greater than 10m * 12m.The shearing resistance hole is by preliminary bracing (steel mesh reinforcement, pneumatically placed concrete, anchor pole, i iron or grid bow member etc.), once or by stages fill concrete, crown backfill grouting, hole week consolidation grouting, the formations such as joint grouting of fill concrete bonding surface by stages, and fill concrete should adopt low-heat (microdilatancy) concrete or middle hot concrete.What should be specifically noted that is when building the shearing resistance hole diagonal of the cross section in said each shearing resistance hole to be overlapped with said slip-crack surface, to guarantee the stability under loading property of cavern's construction period preferably.
A plurality of anchor caverns are moved towards separation along the shearing resistance hole, and according to the deployment scenarios in shearing resistance hole on the shearing resistance hole of different elevations that distributes, and pass the secondary slip-crack surface of slip-crack surface upper lower burrs.Wherein, the axis that preferably makes each anchor caverns is haply perpendicular to slip-crack surface, thus better and the shearing resistance hole bring into play the antiskid effect jointly.Anchor caverns adopts gateway opening shape or shape of a hoof equal section form equally, its width and highly preferably less than shearing resistance hole corresponding size.Anchor caverns length in the upper and lower dish of slip-crack surface should not be less than footpath, 2 times of holes.Anchor caverns is by preliminary bracing (steel mesh reinforcement, pneumatically placed concrete, anchor pole, i iron or grid bow member etc.), once or by stages fill concrete, crown backfill grouting, hole week consolidation grouting, the formations such as joint grouting of fill concrete bonding surface by stages, and fill concrete should adopt low-heat (microdilatancy) concrete or middle hot concrete.
The displacement inclined shaft adopts concrete or steel concrete that the weak rock mass on the slip-crack surface is replaced.The slip-crack surface that the displacement inclined shaft is followed the tracks of between upper and lower layer shearing resistance hole arranges, with upper and lower layer shearing resistance hole intersection, and the structure that is connected to form one of the fill concrete through the confluce.The displacement inclined shaft should adopt rectangular cross section, and displacement thickness surpasses the thickness 0.5m of slip-crack surface and influence band.Displacement inclined shaft inside by combined bolting and shotcrete and once or the concrete of backfill by stages constitute, fill concrete should adopt low-heat (microdilatancy) concrete or middle hot concrete.
The substantive distinguishing features of technique scheme is shearing resistance hole, anchor caverns and the combination of displacement inclined shaft have been formed a kind of new concrete shear structure.Though having mentioned shearing resistance hole, anchor caverns and displacement inclined shaft (being equivalent to concrete displacement hole), this manual background technology part is prior art; But; The application has but proposed these three kinds of structures are organically combined a kind of novel anti-shear concrete structure of formation through special type of attachment first; Obviously, this is just can accomplish through creative work to those skilled in the art.
Except that in sloping body, building the step of anti-shear concrete structure; This method also is included in the step that the shallow table of sloping body carries out sloping body pregrouting; This step is specially: at first, be drilled with the preconsolidation grout hole by natural slope to broken loose rock mass, go deep in the design profile face at the bottom of making its hole; Then, carry out the consolidation grouting processing to the peripheral rock mass of design profile face, form the consolidation grouting body through the preconsolidation grout hole; Last Blasting Excavation to design profile face.
Through after the shallow table of sloping body being carried out sloping body pregrouting and handling, can realize the weak rock mass in the design profile face is carried out fixed effect, thereby with sloping body in the anti-shear concrete structure of building form sloping body reinforcement system jointly.Wherein, preferably adopt the low pressure underflow to carry out consolidation grouting and handle, with the integrality that improves broken loose rock mass and the Blasting Excavation forming quality of design profile face.
Second technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of slope reinforcement structure, and this structure is applicable to administering the bigger large-scale rock matter high gradient slope of slip-crack surface buried depth.The technical scheme that solves this technical problem is following:
The slope reinforcement structure comprises the anti-shear concrete structure that is built in the sloping body, and said anti-shear concrete structure is shearing resistance hole, anchor caverns and the displacement integrative-structure that inclined shaft constituted that is formed by cast; See in the pressure of slip-crack surface is cut the district, multilayer shearing resistance hole is arranged along the separation of moving towards of this slip-crack surface from the side of this anti-shear concrete structure, and the equal horizontal-extending on slip-crack surface in every layer of shearing resistance hole; See that from the front of this anti-shear concrete structure the separation of moving towards in selected this shearing resistance hole, upper edge, shearing resistance hole that goes out has a plurality of anchor caverns, and these anchor caverns are all to pass the shearing resistance hole towards the direction of slip-crack surface; In addition, through this two-layer shearing resistance hole being fused at selected several displacement inclined shafts that extend along slip-crack surface between the two-layer shearing resistance hole up and down that go out.
Wherein, the diagonal of the cross section in said each shearing resistance hole overlaps with said slip-crack surface.
Wherein, the axis of said each anchor caverns is haply perpendicular to slip-crack surface.
In addition, this ruggedized construction also comprises the prestressed anchor girder construction that is used for the combined bolting and shotcrete structure that shallow table rock mass is reinforced and is used for the crucial block in the shallow table rock mass is reinforced.Combined bolting and shotcrete structure and prestressed anchor girder construction all have definite definition in this area, its concrete structure in the present invention is following.
Said combined bolting and shotcrete structural configuration is on the side slope surface; Form by steel mesh reinforcement, sprayed mortar or steel fibrous concrete, prestressed anchor (bundle) or non-prestressed anchor pole (bundle); Can improve globality, the impermeability and stable of side slope top layer rock mass, improve slope surface opposing excavation off-load deformation ability.
Said prestressed anchor girder construction is made up of prestress anchorage cable and side slope surface lattice girder jointly, and anchor cable passes the weak structural planes such as fissure zone, vein and tomography of side slope superficial as far as possible, and the maximum anchorage degree of depth should be carried out anchoring to crucial block in 80m.
This ruggedized construction also comprises drainage system, and this drainage system has three-dimensional draining grid in the sloping body of being made up of the vertical, horizontal drainage tunnel of different elevations; Wherein, the lower wall of separation in this slip-crack surface moved towards along slip-crack surface in said each longitudinal drainage hole, and is the elevation angle from each longitudinal drainage hole to the slip-crack surface direction and is drilled with drain hole and penetrates slip-crack surface.
Through a series of improvement to slope reinforcement structure of the present invention; The final multi-level three-dimensional reinforcement system that comprises combined bolting and shotcrete structure, prestressed anchor girder construction, anti-shear concrete structure and drainage system that forms; It is main that this system is reinforced with underground reinforcing and deep layer; Underground ground combines; The deep layer shallow-layer combines, and draining and reinforcing combine, for sloping body structure is complicated, the slip-crack surface buried depth is big, gliding mass side's huge large-scale rock side slope of amount provides a kind of effective comprehensive regulation reinforcing technique.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: involved anti-shear concrete structure is the integral body that shearing resistance hole, anchor caverns and displacement inclined shaft are poured among the present invention; Improved reinforcing scope, avoided border, side slope plastic failure district to walk around controlled structural plane and produce to slide along the secondary structure face; This anti-shear concrete structure can be brought into play the performance of reinforcement material to greatest extent through slip-crack surface being carried out large-area rock mass displacement, and regulation effect is good.Therefore, method for reinforcing side slope of the present invention and structure are suitable for administering the bigger large-scale rock matter high gradient slope of slip-crack surface buried depth.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the cross-section side view of exemplifying embodiment of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 2 is the elevation of exemplifying embodiment of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 3 is the sloping body grouting structure chart of exemplifying embodiment of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 4 is the shearing resistance hole typical section figure of exemplifying embodiment of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 5 is the shearing resistance hole grouting structure chart of exemplifying embodiment of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 6 is the anchor caverns typical section figure of exemplifying embodiment of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 7 is the anchor caverns grouting structure chart of exemplifying embodiment of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 8 is the displacement inclined shaft typical section figure of exemplifying embodiment of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 9 is the slope drainage hole arrangement diagram of exemplifying embodiment of the present invention.
Be labeled as among the figure: 1-design profile face; The 2-prestress anchorage cable; 3-shearing resistance hole; The 4-anchor caverns; 5-replaces inclined shaft; 6-longitudinal drainage hole; The 7-drain hole; The 8-slip-crack surface; The 9-vein; The 10-relief joint; The 11-natural slope; 12-preconsolidation grout hole; 13-slope table loose rock mass; 14-consolidation grouting body; The 15-sprayed mortar; The 16-anchor pole; 17-second phase fill concrete; 18-first phase fill concrete; The 19-drain hole; 20-longitudinal stress master muscle; 21-hoop stirrup; The 22-irrigation gallery; The 23-pre-embedment grouting pipe; 24-consolidation grouting hole; The domatic shallow-layer drain hole of 25-; The domatic deep layer drain hole of 26-.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described further.
As shown in Figure 1, a certain side slope elevation is 970.00m~1290.00m, and the excavation slope was than 1: 0.3~1: 0.5; The Shun Po that grows in this side slope, in the incline outer relief joint 10 in slope, vein 9 combination cutting each other, form a series of unfavorable block, the local stability of control side slope; The parallel side slope trend of the inner growth of this slope body, maximum buried depth reach the above suitable aspect deep layer slip-crack surface 8 of 100m, and the latent instability block of formation reaches 5,000,000 m
3, the resistance to overturning of control side slope.To this side slope concrete condition reinforcement means of the present invention and ruggedized construction are described below.
Main inventive point of the present invention is to adopt an anti-shear concrete structure that the bigger slip-crack surface 8 of said buried depth is reinforced.This anti-shear concrete structure specifically is the integrative-structure that is made up of shearing resistance hole 3, anchor caverns 4 and displacement inclined shaft 5 that cast forms; See (like Fig. 1) from the side of this anti-shear concrete structure, in the pressure of slip-crack surface 8 is cut the district, multilayer shearing resistance hole 3 is arranged along the separation of moving towards of this slip-crack surface 8, and the equal horizontal-extending on slip-crack surface 8 in every layer of shearing resistance hole 3; See (like Fig. 2) from the front of this anti-shear concrete structure, the separation of moving towards in selected this shearing resistance hole 3,3 upper edges, shearing resistance hole that goes out has a plurality of anchor caverns 4, and these anchor caverns 4 are all to pass shearing resistance hole 3 towards the direction of slip-crack surface 8; In addition, through this two-layer shearing resistance hole 3 being fused at selected several displacement inclined shafts 5 that extend along slip-crack surface 8 between the two-layer shearing resistance hole 3 up and down that go out.To the concrete cast structure of shearing resistance hole 3, anchor caverns 4 and displacement inclined shaft 5 be described below.
Like Fig. 1,2,4 and shown in Figure 5, shearing resistance hole 3 is arranged 5 layers from top to bottom, arranges that elevation is respectively 1240.00m, 1210.00m, 1180.00m, 1150.00m, 1120.00m from top to bottom.Gateway opening shape is adopted in the cross section in shearing resistance hole 3, is of a size of 8.00m (wide) * 9.00m (height).Mode stage excavation supportings such as hanging net, sprayed mortar 15, anchor pole 16, i iron or grid bow member can be adopted in shearing resistance hole 3.After excavation supporting is accomplished, carry out fist stage concrete 18 backfills earlier, in fist stage concrete 18, irrigation gallery is set, irrigation gallery is of a size of 3.00m (wide) * 3.50m (height).The grout pipe 23 of pre-buried Φ 76mm carries out backfill grouting in fist stage concrete 18.Backfill grouting to pre-buried Φ 76mm grout pipe 23 in concrete cleaning bottom of hole again, is drilled with consolidation grouting hole 24 after accomplishing, and rock mass in about 10.00m of hole week~15.00m scope is carried out consolidation grouting.After fist stage concrete 18 backfill groutings in shearing resistance hole 3 and consolidation grouting are accomplished, to irrigation gallery backfill second stage concrete 17, and at the pre-buried Φ 32mm of crown scope grout pipe, the bonding surface of fist stage concrete 18 and second stage concrete 17 is carried out joint grouting.Fist stage concrete 18 adopts low-heat micro-expansion C25 concrete with second stage concrete 17.The first phase fill concrete adopts longitudinal stress master muscle 20 and hoop stirrup 21.
Like Fig. 1,2,6 and shown in Figure 7, anchor caverns 4 is passed slip-crack surface 8 and is arranged, axis is vertical with slip-crack surface 8 trends.Anchor caverns 4 is connected with shearing resistance hole 3, forms whole supporting and protection structure, brings into play reinforcement effect jointly.Anchor caverns 4 length range 20.00m~40.00m are with the about 32.00m of spacing between row's anchor caverns 4.Anchor caverns 4 sections adopt gateway opening shape, are of a size of 6.00m (wide) * 7.50m (height).In conjunction with actual geological conditions, anchor caverns 4 adopts mode stage excavation supportings such as hanging net, sprayed mortar 15, anchor pole 16, i iron or grid bow member.Be drilled with drain hole 19 in the crown scope, hole depth 4.00m.Anchor caverns 4 is after excavation supporting is accomplished; Carry out fist stage concrete 18 backfills earlier, in fist stage concrete 18, irrigation gallery is set, gallery is of a size of 3.00m (wide) * 3.50m (height); Pre-buried Φ 76mm grout pipe 23 in fist stage concrete 18 carries out backfill grouting to 120 ° of scopes of anchor caverns 4 crowns.Backfill grouting to pre-buried Φ 76mm grout pipe 23 in concrete cleaning bottom of hole again, is drilled with consolidation grouting hole 24 after accomplishing, and rock mass in about 10.00m of hole week~15.00m scope is carried out consolidation grouting.After fist stage concrete 18 backfills, backfill grouting and the consolidation grouting of anchor caverns are accomplished; Irrigation gallery is carried out second stage concrete 17 backfills; And, the bonding surface of fist stage concrete 18 and second stage concrete 17 is carried out joint grouting at the pre-buried Φ 32mm of crown scope grout pipe.Fist stage concrete 18 all adopts low-heat micro-expansion C25 concrete with second stage concrete 17.First phase fill concrete 18 adopts longitudinal stress master muscle 20 and hoop stirrup 21.
Like Fig. 1, shown in 2 and 8, between 1210.00m, the two-layer shearing resistance of 1180.00m elevation hole 3, two displacement inclined shafts 5 are set; Between 1180.00m, the two-layer shearing resistance of 1150.00m elevation hole 3, three displacement inclined shafts 5 are set; Between 1150.00m, the two-layer shearing resistance of 1120.00m elevation hole 3, a displacement inclined shaft 5 is set.Displacement inclined shaft 5 excavations adopt rectangular cross section, are of a size of 5.00m (wide) * 3.00m (height).In conjunction with actual geological conditions, the displacement inclined shaft adopts mode supportings while digging such as hanging net, sprayed mortar 15, anchor pole 16.Displacement inclined shaft 5 adopts primary backfill, and first phase fill concrete 18 adopts low-heat micro-expansion C25 concrete, adopts the double-deck arrangement of reinforcement of longitudinal stress master muscle 20 and hoop stirrup 21 all around.
When building above-mentioned anti-shear concrete structure, the step that the present invention can also carry out sloping body pregrouting at the shallow table of sloping body simultaneously.Like Fig. 1, shown in 3, this step is specially: at first, be drilled with preconsolidation grout hole 12 by natural slope 11 to broken loose rock mass 13, go deep in the design profile face 1 at the bottom of making its hole; Then, carry out the consolidation grouting processing to the peripheral rock mass 13 of design profile face 1, form consolidation grouting body 14 through preconsolidation grout hole 12; Last Blasting Excavation to design profile face 1.Through after the shallow table of sloping body being carried out sloping body pregrouting and handling, can realize the weak rock mass in the design profile face 1 is carried out fixed effect, thereby with sloping body in the anti-shear concrete structure of building form sloping body reinforcement system jointly.Wherein, preferably adopt the low pressure underflow to carry out consolidation grouting and handle, with the integrality that improves broken loose rock mass and the Blasting Excavation forming quality of design profile face 1.
After each Excavation Blasting is accomplished, build the prestressed anchor girder construction that is used for the combined bolting and shotcrete structure that shallow table rock mass is reinforced and is used for the crucial block in the shallow table rock mass is reinforced again.Wherein, as shown in Figure 9, the combined bolting and shotcrete structure comprise hang steel mesh reinforcement, sprayed mortar, anchor pole, etc. measure, and on the slope table is provided with drain hole 25.Said prestressed anchor girder construction then is made up of prestress anchorage cable 2 and side slope surface lattice girder jointly.Like Fig. 1, shown in 2, prestress anchorage cable 2 passes shallow-layer relief joint 10, and the crucial block in forward position is carried out anchoring; Prestress anchorage cable 2 anchored force are 1000kN~2000kN.Between prestress anchorage cable 2, array pitch is 6.00m * 5.00m, length is controlled at 30m~80m.Connect with the concrete lattice girder between the prestress anchorage cable 2.
Like Fig. 1, shown in 9; Utilize deep layer vertical, horizontal drainage tunnel, domatic shallow-layer drain hole 25, deep layer drain hole 26, section drainage system and domatic measures such as antiseepage pneumatically placed concrete to form the comprehensive draining network of system during slope treatment, reduce the influence of the underground water and face of land infiltration to greatest extent stability of slope.This drainage network mainly comprises: 1) side slope superficial draining: adopt the domatic shallow-layer drain hole 25 of Φ 50mm, degree of depth 4.00m faces upward 5 °~10 °,, array pitch 4.00m * 4.00m.2) side slope deep layer draining: the following engineering slope of 1165.00m elevation is provided with domatic deep layer drain hole 26, aperture Φ 76mm, length 35.00m, 65.00m to domatic infiltration and the serious position of boring water outlet.The slope drainage hole at side slope position receives the moving influence that reaches pulse of ripples under water, adopts members such as PVC floral tube and draining blind pipe to carry out the hole wall protection.3) the longitudinal drainage hole 6: survey the hole over the ground and clear up, base plate is laid the thick concrete of 10cm, and the gradient is outside 1%, as construction period drainage tunnel 6.4) shearing resistance anchor caverns draining: 1240.00m, 1210.00m, 1180.00m, 1150.00m elevation; Be the elevation angle respectively from longitudinal drainage hole 6 and be drilled with drain hole 7 to master control slide plane 8 directions; Aperture Φ 76mm, length 40.00m~50.00m, and pass slip-crack surface 8; Slip-crack surface 8 infiltrations are drained in the gutter of drainage tunnel base plate, the inner infiltration of massif is discharged outside the mountain.