CN108995326A - A kind of locomotive glass and its manufacturing method - Google Patents
A kind of locomotive glass and its manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108995326A CN108995326A CN201810583598.XA CN201810583598A CN108995326A CN 108995326 A CN108995326 A CN 108995326A CN 201810583598 A CN201810583598 A CN 201810583598A CN 108995326 A CN108995326 A CN 108995326A
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- plate
- glass
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10073—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising at least two glass sheets, neither of which being an outer layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
- B32B27/365—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters comprising polycarbonates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/40—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
- C03B23/02—Re-forming glass sheets
- C03B23/023—Re-forming glass sheets by bending
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B27/00—Tempering or quenching glass products
- C03B27/02—Tempering or quenching glass products using liquid
- C03B27/03—Tempering or quenching glass products using liquid the liquid being a molten metal or a molten salt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
- C03C27/06—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing
- C03C27/10—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing with the aid of adhesive specially adapted for that purpose
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/558—Impact strength, toughness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/10—Trains
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of locomotive glass, the locomotive glass includes the first composite plate, the second composite plate, aluminium bulkhead, first composite plate and the second composite plate are formed by one layer of PC plate and one layer of glass plate heat pressure adhesive, and first composite plate and the second composite plate are bonded in aluminium bulkhead two sides face-to-face and form hollow structure；The PC plate of first composite plate and the second composite plate is as glass outer or inner layer glass, the PC plate and glass plate are by heat pressing process formation laminated glass structure, TPU membrane piece is wherein set between PC plate and glass plate, another surface of PC plate is provided with hardening coat.The invention also discloses the manufacturing methods of this locomotive glass.Locomotive glass of the invention and its manufacturing method can be realized strong efficiently volume production penetration ability, lightweight and the locomotive glass that can satisfy diversified optical function demand.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of locomotive glass and its manufacturing method, especially a kind of penetration ability is strong, light-weighted machine
Vehicle glass and its manufacturing process.
Background technique:
According to the definition of International Union of Railways (UIC), high-speed railway refers to by the way that original route (linearization(-sation), gauge is transformed
Standardization), so that operation rate is reached 200km/h or more, or specially building new " high speed new line " reaches operation rate
The railway system of 250km/h or more.In China, speed per hour is motor-car in the rail track of 200km/ rank；Speed per hour is at 300km/h grades
Other rail track is high-speed rail；Motor-car or high-speed rail train are generally referred to as express locomotive, and used by express locomotive vehicle window
It is referred to as locomotive glass in type of glass industry.When ordinary passenger car driver drive motor is public in high speed with the speed of 120km/h
When driving, the handstone inadvertently fallen off or other sundries all can cause to damage to glass for road.And the speed of express locomotive operation
Almost 3 times of automobile, if there is object to impinge upon on locomotive glass when high-speed cruising, cause vehicle and occupant
Influence be breakneck.Therefore used locomotive glass must satisfy high penetration ability on express locomotive, this
It is also one of threshold in glass processing enterprise production technology.In addition to this, locomotive glass should also have basic optical
Energy and security performance, such as antiultraviolet, sound insulation and noise reduction, fire resistant flame retardant.In express locomotive, side window glass does not make individually generally
With laminated glass or tempered glass, but they are combined into hollow glass and is applied on vehicle window or car door.For meet penetration,
The demands such as antiultraviolet need to carry out in multiple groups glass hollow conjunction piece, and this method is high to the intensity requirement of monolithic glass, and
The thickness and weight of glass assembly with glass are all larger.Application No. is CN00109137.9 patent of invention, " composite transparent is breakage-proof anti-riot anti-to be worn
Saturating hollow glass " disclose a kind of composite plate by PC bonding glass glass and combine and form hollow glass, this structure it is hollow
Glass has stronger explosion-proof performance and penetration-resistant energy, and PC glass material is lighter than ordinary glass material." composite transparent
Breakage-proof anti-riot penetration hollow glass " disclosed in technical solution it is relatively simple, not can be used directly locomotive glass art.Machine
Vehicle glass technology is complicated, and performance requirement is very high, and glass assembly with glass is not plane, usually has certain curvature.
Summary of the invention:
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to the prior art, can not to produce penetration ability strong and light-weighted
Locomotive glass.
The present invention is adopted the technical scheme that in order to solve the technical problem: a kind of locomotive glass, and the locomotive glass includes
First composite plate, the second composite plate, aluminium bulkhead, first composite plate and the second composite plate are by one layer of PC plate and one layer of glass
Plate is bonded by heat pressing process, and first composite plate and the second composite plate are bonded in aluminium bulkhead two sides face-to-face and are formed
Hollow cavity；The PC plate of first composite plate and the second composite plate is as glass outer or inner layer glass, the PC plate and glass
Plate forms laminated glass structure by heat pressing process, and TPU membrane piece, another table of PC plate are wherein arranged between PC plate and glass plate
Face is provided with hardening coat.
Further, it is equipped with cavity in the aluminium bulkhead, is filled with molecular sieve in the cavity.
Further, the TPU membrane piece is a kind of low modulus thermoplastic optical grade polyurethane film.
Further, inert gas is filled in the hollow cavity.
Further, when the PC plate is glass outer, the inner surface that the glass plate is contacted with hollow cavity is provided with one
Layer plated film, the plated film are at least one of light modulation plated films such as double silver coating, low-e plated film, single silver coating.
A kind of manufacturing method of locomotive glass described previously, the described method comprises the following steps:
(1) PC forms pre-treatment: the upper mo(u)ld bottom half face on cleaning PC plate surface and mold, and respectively spreads on the upper mo(u)ld bottom half face of mold
One layer of PET film piece；
(2) PC processing and forming: being put into PC plate in mold cavity, and PC plate is heated to constant temperature 30- after predetermined temperature
60min puts down upper mold, and PC plate is cooled to 40 DEG C or less rear taking-ups by air-cooled；
(3) showering: the PET film piece on PC plate of tearing surface, one layer of a surface showering with UV hardening bath in PC plate hardens
Coating is dried after showering；
(4) paste anti-graffiti film layer: one layer of anti-graffiti film of PET is respectively pasted on two surfaces of PC plate in cleaning PC plate surface
Layer；
(5) shaping glass sheets: glass plate carries out drying curved and chemical tempering；
(6) press from both sides laminated sheet: TPU membrane piece is laid on glass pane surface by cleaning panes and PC plate, two tables of PC plate of tearing
The anti-graffiti film layer of the PET in face, then there is the one side of hardening coat to be placed on TPU membrane on piece upward PC plate showering, after closing piece
Laminated glass is put into vacuum bag and is put into vacuum kettle after sealing, and vacuumizes horizontal high voltage of going forward side by side；Obtain laminated glass；
(7) hollow conjunction piece: the aluminium bulkhead that aluminum strip bending size and shape and laminated glass are matched, in aluminium bulkhead cavity
Interior filling molecular sieve, is coated butyl rubber to aluminium bulkhead, carries out activation clean, primary coat to the laminated glass, then will folder
Layer glass carries out hollow conjunction piece, hits hungry area, final curing in glass surrounding；Obtain locomotive glass.
Wherein, step (2) predetermined temperature is 140-180 DEG C.
Wherein, after step (2) puts down upper mold, model face gap is the sum of PC plate thickness and PET film piece thickness to mold up and down.
Wherein, step (6) vacuum parameters are vacuum≤- 0.09MPA, pumpdown time >=8h；High voltage parameter is temperature control
System is within the scope of 65-110 DEG C, constant temperature time: 60-180min, high-pressure are as follows: 5-15bar；Cooling rate reduces after high pressure,
Speed is about are as follows: 1-2 DEG C/min.
Wherein, step (7) cure parameter is solidification temperature: 30-35 DEG C, humidity: and 50-70%, curing time >=for 24 hours.
The present invention has the following beneficial effects: due to taking above-mentioned technical proposal
Locomotive glass of the invention uses the composite construction of PC and organic glass interlayer, is effectively reduced the weight of glass assembly with glass
Amount, PC plate have strong penetration ability, the penetration ability of glass can be increased to 700km/h or more；And it provides this
The manufacturing process of composite intermediate layer material locomotive glass, can efficiently yield production type face is stable, interlayer and hollow adhesive structure securely,
And it can satisfy the lightweight locomotive glass of diversified optical function demand.
Detailed description of the invention:
Fig. 1 is the schematic cross-section of locomotive Glazing example one of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic cross-section of locomotive Glazing example two of the present invention；
Appended drawing reference: 1: the first composite plate；2: the second composite plates；3:PC plate；4:TPU diaphragm；5: glass plate；6: aluminium every
Frame；7: middle hungry area；8: hardening coat；9: plated film.
Specific embodiment:
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, the content of the present invention will be further explained.
Embodiment one
As shown in Figure 1, during locomotive glass of the invention passes through by the first composite plate 1 and the second composite plate 2 and aluminium bulkhead 6
7 gluing of hungry area forms hollow structure.Wherein, the first composite plate 1 and the second composite plate 2 are by outer layer PC plate 3 and inner layer glass plate 5
Sandwich is formed by 4 hot pressing of TPU membrane piece.Wherein, TPU membrane piece 4 is a kind of low modulus thermoplastic optical grade polyurethane film.
In the present embodiment, PC plate 3 is used as glass outer, and outer surface showering has one layer of hardening coat 8, can effectively prevent scratching；And
Glass plate 5 is used as inner layer glass, one layer of plated film 9 can be arranged on the surface of wherein cavity side, this layer of plated film 9 can be single silver plating
One of film, double silver coating or low-e plated film, can effectively prevent ultraviolet light and solar irradiation.
Embodiment two
As shown in Fig. 2, during locomotive glass of the invention passes through by the first composite plate 1 and the second composite plate 2 and aluminium bulkhead 6
7 gluing of hungry area forms hollow structure.Wherein, the first composite plate 1 and the second composite plate 2 are by outer layer PC plate 3 and inner layer glass plate 5
Sandwich is formed by 4 hot pressing of TPU membrane piece.Wherein, TPU membrane piece 4 is a kind of low modulus thermoplastic optical grade polyurethane film.
In the present embodiment, PC plate 3 is used as inner layer glass, one layer of hardening coat 8 of surface showering in wherein cavity side.
The manufacturing technology steps of locomotive glass of the invention are as follows:
PC forms pre-treatment: by 3 surface cleaning of PC plate, mo(u)ld bottom half face on cleaning mold, and mo(u)ld bottom half face spreads one layer on mold
PET film piece, PET film piece are to be resistant to 180 DEG C of high temperature and do not bond with PC plate after heating；
PC processing and forming: being put into PC plate 3 in mold cavity, mold is placed in baking oven after adjusting position, PC plate 3 exists
140-180 DEG C is preheated in baking oven, then constant temperature 30-60 minutes, upper mould was put down later, and upper/lower die gap is PC plate
The sum of 3 and diaphragm thickness close heating system and open cooling blower, taking-up when PC plate 3 is cooled to 40 DEG C or less；
Showering: PET film piece of tearing carries out showering with UV hardening bath on 3 surface of PC plate, dries at 70~120 DEG C after showering
Dry 10~30min, ultimately forms hardening coat 8；
Paste anti-graffiti film layer: the anti-graffiti film layer of PET is pasted on cleaning 3 surface of PC plate.
Shaping glass sheets: glass plate 5 is carried out drying curved and chemical tempering and be chosen whether as needed on 5 surface of glass plate
Form one layer of plated film 9.
Press from both sides laminated sheet: TPU membrane piece 4 is laid on 5 surface of glass plate by cleaning panes 5 and PC plate 3, and the PET that tears is anti-graffiti
PC plate 3 is placed on TPU membrane piece 4 by film layer again, and the laminated glass after conjunction piece is put into vacuum bag and is sealed, to prevent PC plate
3 rebounds are pressed on the vacuum bag equipped with laminated glass with the identical rear similar glass plate of size, vacuumize horizontal high voltage of going forward side by side, vacuum
Parameter is≤- 0.09MPA, and pumpdown time need >=8h, high voltage parameter is that high-pressure process temperature controls within the scope of 65-110 DEG C,
Constant temperature time: 60-180min, high-pressure is about are as follows: 6-12bar；Cooling rate reduces after high pressure, and speed is about are as follows: 1-2 DEG C/
min；
Aluminum strip: being bent into the aluminium bulkhead 6 of required size and shape according to glass size and shape by hollow conjunction piece, to aluminium every
Frame 6 is coated butyl rubber, the filling molecular sieve in 6 cavity of aluminium bulkhead, carries out activation clean, primary coat to laminated glass, then
Two PC- glass clamp synusia are subjected to hollow conjunction piece, hit hungry area, final curing, solidification temperature: 30-35 DEG C, wet in glass surrounding
Degree: 50-70%.Curing time >=for 24 hours.
The above content has been described in detail a kind of locomotive glass of the present invention and its manufacturing method, but this hair
It is bright not by the limitation of specific embodiments described above content, so any changing of carrying out of all technical essentials according to the present invention
Into, equivalent modifications and replacement etc., the scope of protection of the invention is belonged to.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of locomotive glass, the locomotive glass includes the first composite plate, the second composite plate, aluminium bulkhead, and described first is compound
Plate and the second composite plate are bonded by one layer of PC plate and one layer of glass plate by heat pressing process, first composite plate and
Two composite plates are bonded in aluminium bulkhead two sides face-to-face and form hollow cavity, it is characterised in that: first composite plate is multiple with second
The PC plate of plywood is as glass outer or inner layer glass, and the PC plate and glass plate are by heat pressing process formation laminated glass knot
TPU membrane piece is wherein arranged in structure between PC plate and glass plate, another surface of PC plate is provided with hardening coat.
2. locomotive glass according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: cavity is equipped in the aluminium bulkhead, in the cavity
It is filled with molecular sieve.
3. locomotive glass according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the TPU membrane piece is a kind of low modulus thermoplastic light
Classes and grades in school polyurethane film.
4. locomotive glass according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: be filled with inert gas in the hollow cavity.
5. locomotive glass according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: when the PC plate is glass outer, the glass plate
The inner surface contacted with hollow cavity is provided with one layer of plated film, and the plated film is that double silver coating, low-e plated film, single silver coating etc. are adjusted
At least one of light plated film.
6. the manufacturing method of locomotive glass described in a kind of claim 1, the described method comprises the following steps:
(1) PC forms pre-treatment: the upper mo(u)ld bottom half face on cleaning PC plate surface and mold, and respectively spreads one layer on the upper mo(u)ld bottom half face of mold
PET film piece；
(2) PC processing and forming: being put into PC plate in mold cavity, and PC plate is heated to constant temperature 30-60min after predetermined temperature, is put
Lower upper mold, and PC plate is cooled to 40 DEG C or less rear taking-ups by air-cooled；
(3) showering: the PET film piece on PC plate of tearing surface, with UV hardening bath PC plate one layer of hardening coat of a surface showering,
It is dried after showering；
(4) paste anti-graffiti film layer: one layer of anti-graffiti film layer of PET is respectively pasted on two surfaces of PC plate in cleaning PC plate surface；
(5) shaping glass sheets: glass plate carries out drying curved and chemical tempering；
(6) press from both sides laminated sheet: TPU membrane piece is laid on glass pane surface by cleaning panes and PC plate, two surfaces of PC plate of tearing
The anti-graffiti film layer of PET, then there is the one side of hardening coat to be placed on TPU membrane on piece upward PC plate showering, by the interlayer after conjunction piece
Glass is put into vacuum bag and is put into vacuum kettle after sealing, and vacuumizes horizontal high voltage of going forward side by side；Obtain laminated glass；
(7) hollow conjunction piece: the aluminium bulkhead that aluminum strip bending size and shape and laminated glass are matched fills in aluminium bulkhead cavity
Molecular sieve is filled, butyl rubber is coated to aluminium bulkhead, activation clean, primary coat are carried out to the laminated glass, then by interlayer glass
Glass carries out hollow conjunction piece, hits hungry area, final curing in glass surrounding；Obtain locomotive glass.
7. the manufacturing method of locomotive glass according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: step (2) described predetermined temperature is
140-180℃。
8. the manufacturing method of locomotive glass according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: after step (2) puts down upper mold, mold
Upper and lower model face gap is the sum of PC plate thickness and PET film piece thickness.
9. the manufacturing method of locomotive glass according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: step (6) vacuum parameters are vacuum
≤ -0.09MPA, pumpdown time >=8h；High voltage parameter is that temperature controls the constant temperature time: 60- within the scope of 65-110 DEG C
180min, high-pressure are as follows: 5-15bar；Cooling rate reduces after high pressure, and speed is about are as follows: 1-2 DEG C/min.
10. the manufacturing method of locomotive glass according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: step (7) cure parameter is solidification
Temperature: 30-35 DEG C, humidity: 50-70%, curing time >=for 24 hours.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810583598.XA CN108995326A (en) | 2018-06-08 | 2018-06-08 | A kind of locomotive glass and its manufacturing method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810583598.XA CN108995326A (en) | 2018-06-08 | 2018-06-08 | A kind of locomotive glass and its manufacturing method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108995326A true CN108995326A (en) | 2018-12-14 |
Family
ID=64600936
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810583598.XA Pending CN108995326A (en) | 2018-06-08 | 2018-06-08 | A kind of locomotive glass and its manufacturing method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN108995326A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110588102A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-12-20 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Lightweight vehicle window for high-speed train and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN112208562A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2021-01-12 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | High-performance light-weight passenger room side window for high-speed train |
| CN113071111A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2021-07-06 | 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 | Preparation method of vehicle window for railway vehicle |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110588102A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-12-20 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Lightweight vehicle window for high-speed train and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN112208562A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2021-01-12 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | High-performance light-weight passenger room side window for high-speed train |
| CN112208562B (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2022-03-15 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | High-performance light-weight passenger room side window for high-speed train |
| CN113071111A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2021-07-06 | 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 | Preparation method of vehicle window for railway vehicle |
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Application publication date: 20181214 |