CN108994353A - Three gantry five-shaft linkage numerically controlled machine in high precision - Google Patents
Three gantry five-shaft linkage numerically controlled machine in high precision Download PDFInfo
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- CN108994353A CN108994353A CN201810717458.7A CN201810717458A CN108994353A CN 108994353 A CN108994353 A CN 108994353A CN 201810717458 A CN201810717458 A CN 201810717458A CN 108994353 A CN108994353 A CN 108994353A
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- gantry
- axis
- crossbeam
- ram
- numerically controlled
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C1/00—Milling machines not designed for particular work or special operations
- B23C1/08—Milling machines not designed for particular work or special operations with a plurality of vertical working-spindles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C1/00—Milling machines not designed for particular work or special operations
- B23C1/002—Gantry-type milling machines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/01—Frames, beds, pillars or like members; Arrangement of ways
- B23Q1/012—Portals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/01—Frames, beds, pillars or like members; Arrangement of ways
- B23Q1/015—Frames, beds, pillars
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
- B23Q5/22—Feeding members carrying tools or work
- B23Q5/34—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission
- B23Q5/38—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission feeding continuously
- B23Q5/40—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission feeding continuously by feed shaft, e.g. lead screw
Abstract
The invention discloses three gantry five-shaft linkage numerically controlled machines of high-precision, and including pedestal, the gantry being mounted thereon and digital control system for drive control gantry, the pedestal includes two groups of lathe beds disposed in parallel, constitutes the X-axis of five-axle linkage；Three frame gantry in combination movable beam type structure are installed above the lathe bed, workbench is provided with below described gantry, every frame gantry is each equipped with independent digital control system, and each gantry same position contour point is consistent, column, the crossbeam being installed on column, the ram being sequentially connected with crossbeam and the main shaft being sequentially connected with ram that described gantry includes and lathe bed is sequentially connected, the crossbeam constitutes the Y-axis of five-axle linkage, and the ram constitutes the Z axis of five-axle linkage；Double swing cutter head is installed, there are two rotary shafts for setting in the Double swing cutter head, respectively constitute B axle, the C axis of five-axle linkage below the main shaft.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to milling machine fields, specially three gantry five-shaft linkage numerically controlled machines of high-precision.
Background technique
Numerically-controlled machine tool is the machine-tool of manufacturing equipment industry, is the foundation stone for realizing advanced technology and facility modernization, is to protect
Demonstrate,prove the strategy equipment of High-tech Pioneering development and defence and military modernization.Equipment manufacture is the foundation stone of state industry, it is
New technology, the exploitation of new product and modern industrial production provide important means, are indispensable strategic industries.Lathe is
The symbol of one national manufacturing industry level, and represent machine-tool industry tidemark is 5-shaft linkage numerical control machine tool system.
In a sense, it reflects a national Industry Development Level situation.
With manufacturing development, 5-shaft linkage numerical control lathe is considered as aerospace, ship, precision instrument, power generation
Etc. processing industries critical component most important machining tool.Numerical control machine tool technique that is big as difficulty, having a wide range of application, five axis
Linkage numerical control machine has the advantages that irreplaceable in terms of processing:
1, it is capable of processing general three-shaft linkage lathe and is not capable of processing complicated smooth free form surface structure.
2, the machining accuracy and processing efficiency of free space curved surface are improved.
3, meet the trend requirement of Machine Tool Development.
Therefore, the important function of 5-shaft linkage numerical control lathe becomes the focus and emphasis of current Machine Tool Development.
With the development of " made in China ", large-scale milling machine machining equipment is but still in " single machine work " state.Five-axle linkage
Numerically-controlled machine tool is constantly subjected to the limitation of western developed country, expensive, and maintenance cost is high, once colliding, pays a price
Greatly.Domestic manufacturers largely only produce middle-size and small-size five-axis machine tool, and large-scale five-axis linkage machine tools are less, and control mode is seldom accomplished
Real five-axle linkage, workpieces processing is limited obvious, and to extreme large and heavy workpiece low precision, low efficiency, anticollision coefficient is low.This
A little factors seriously restrict the development of China's five-axis linkage machine tools technology.
In order to improve heavy parts processing efficiency, the demand of adaptation " overall processing " and the machining accuracy of large-scale workpiece,
And the property of prominent " small production line ", my company develops the new construction of three gantry, five axis, to cope with the efficient of small batch
Rate, the processing of high-precision milling machine.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a kind of three gantry five-shaft linkage numerically controlled machine of high-precision, of the invention three
Gantry is the 5-shaft linkage numerical control mode of " closed-loop ", and universal driving shaft all concentrates on gantry structure, and workbench does not move when operation
Dynamic, three frame gantry can be completed at the same time a big workpiece, can also be respectively completed part not of uniform size, operation mode is various, together
When equipment safety coefficient it is high, structural stability is prominent, is truly realized high efficiency, the processing of high-precision milling machine.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems are as follows:
Three gantry five-shaft linkage numerically controlled machine in high precision including pedestal, the gantry being mounted thereon and is used for drive control
The digital control system at gantry,
The pedestal includes two groups of lathe beds disposed in parallel, constitutes the X-axis of five-axle linkage；
Three frame gantry in combination movable beam type structure are installed above the lathe bed, are provided with work below described gantry
Platform, every frame gantry is each equipped with independent digital control system, and each gantry same position contour point is consistent, and described gantry includes and bed
The column of body transmission connection, the crossbeam being installed on column, the master with the ram of crossbeam transmission connection and with ram transmission connection
Axis, the crossbeam constitute the Y-axis of five-axle linkage, and the ram constitutes the Z axis of five-axle linkage；
Double swing cutter head is installed, there are two rotary shaft, difference structures for setting in the Double swing cutter head below the main shaft
At the B axle of five-axle linkage, C axis.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the X-axis is double drive structure, is respectively formed X1 axis corresponding to two groups of lathe beds
With X2 axis, X1 axis and X2 axis pass through gear transmission structure and the transmission connection of upper box type column respectively.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, it is provided with rack gear above the lathe bed, be arranged between the lathe bed and column
There is planker, planker is fixedly connected with column, and the planker is connected with gear-box, motor and retarder are installed in the gear-box,
The gear-box drives the planker in smooth sliding on lathe bed by the ratcheting transmission connection of wheel and rack.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the lathe bed is three box-type box structures, passes through casting material and evaporative pattern
Cast molding, the body structure is interior to be configured with brace.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the crossbeam uses box structure, and front end is provided with upper and lower two lines
Rail, two lines rail front and back configuration straggly on crossbeam pass through lead screw between the crossbeam and ram so that bearing capacity disperses
Drive mechanism connection.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the lead screw is set between upper and lower two lines rail, and lead screw one end is provided with
Bearing, the other end are provided with motor, retarder and connector, and the screw being slidably matched with lead screw is provided on the ram and is divided
Several sliding blocks not being slidably matched with upper and lower two lines rail.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, dual-gripper nitrogen balance cylinder is installed on the ram.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the stop zone at every frame gantry, the stop zone are provided in the X-axis
It is set by digital control system, and non-contact type approach switch is installed at the critical localisation of the stop zone, when two gantry of appearance
Or three gantry are because robbing the same processing stand when causing to bump against, gantry of digital control system control actively collision is actively shut down
And alarm, the gantry passively collided, which is only alarmed, does not shut down.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the Double swing cutter head selects CYTEC brand product, and rotary shaft includes B
Axis, C axis, wherein the B axle is double drive structure, rotation angle is ± 110 °, and the C axis rotation angle is ± 360 °.
Bring beneficial effect of the present invention has:
1, three gantry five-shaft linkage numerically controlled machines of the invention, in mechanical structure, identical position is contour at three frame gantry
Point is consistent, specifically includes: axle center, the depth of parallelism, verticality, straightness etc., and mechanical origin and electrical zero point (reference point) are also
It is consistent.Because ensure that it is above-mentioned " contour ", as long as meeting the selection that operator controls knife long, cutter diameter and work origin,
The purpose of three one large-scale workpiece of gantry linkage motion cutting can be completed.
2,5 axis (X1, X2, Y, Z, C, B1, B2) are contained at each gantry of the present invention altogether, realize five-shaft numerical control linkage, three framves
Gantry is simultaneously operable, and can also be worked independently, random very strong.Because each portal frame is equipped with respective complete Siemens
Independent digital control system, three portal frames can be completed at the same time a big workpiece, can also be respectively completed part not of uniform size, each dragon
Door can use a program, select different processing sections, can also input distinct program respectively, process different workpiece.If
It takes " line processing again " (DNC processing), this lathe can be completed the free-running operation at three gantry by a total computer.
3, the stop zone of the invention that each gantry is provided in X-axis, the free-running operation in stop zone of respective gantry,
To exceed regional work, it is necessary to cancel fixed area limitation, scope of activities and the path at each gantry are set by digital control system, control
Make the movable range at each gantry.Each accidental operation phenomenon in order to prevent, such as: there are two gantry or three gantry are gone to rob
The same processing stand and cause to bump against, this Machine Tool design has dual anticollision safety structure.
4, this CNC milling machine is that every frame gantry is configured with all-round and upgrade version CNC System from Siemens, wherein servo motor
What is selected is the high power servo motor that can be more than rated power three times, so that this product safety factor increases.Spatial position
" error compensation " software is that Siemens Company installs and uses at home for the first time, for volumetric position error, it is desirable that stringent is different
Type curved surface part, this lathe provide state-of-the art reliable guarantee.
5, the X-axis longest and equipment key component of this CNC milling machine, its variation directly affect milling machine machining accuracy.?
In pedestal/lathe bed structure, the application takes the box structure of " three box-types ", allows the variation in X-axis length, does not allow
The variation in other directions；The outfit of box structure brace, while the thickness of muscle is increased, make the pedestal practical application temperature difference at 10 DEG C
Interior, even if external temperature generates variation, X-axis changes close to zero.
6, the two lines rail of Y-axis " configuration straggly " on crossbeam, disperses bearing capacity, while improving structural reliability and branch
Support force.Z axis uses plastic-sticking guiding rail, soft or hard combination, and wear-resistant vibration-damping meets the requirement that runs smoothly, and can eliminate cutting noise and cause
Vibration.
It 7, is the self weight for solving Z axis, this milling machine is provided with dual-gripper nitrogen balance cylinder on ram, structure levelling letter
Easily, the devices such as hydraulic station have been saved.
8, the present invention can effectively improve the efficiency of heavy parts processing, meet the needs of " overall processing ", and large-scale work
The machining accuracy of part, and the property of prominent " small production line " can sufficiently cope with the high efficiency of small batch, high-precision milling adds
Work.
Detailed description of the invention
Referring to attached drawing, the disclosure of the present invention will become more readily understood.Skilled addressee readily understands that: this
It is only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention for a little attached drawings, and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention,
Wherein:
Attached drawing 1 is the structural perspective of three gantry five-shaft linkage numerically controlled machines of the invention；
Attached drawing 2 is the structure left view of three gantry five-shaft linkage numerically controlled machines of the invention；
Attached drawing 3 is the structure right view of three gantry five-shaft linkage numerically controlled machines of the invention；
Attached drawing 4 is the structure top view of three gantry five-shaft linkage numerically controlled machines of the invention；
Attached drawing 5 is lathe bed of the invention (X-axis) and Working table structure schematic diagram；
Attached drawing 6 is lathe bed structure side view of the invention；
Attached drawing 7 is job platform structural schematic diagram of the invention；
Attached drawing 8 is gantry mounting structure side view of the invention；
Attached drawing 9 is gantry mounting structure front view of the invention；
Attached drawing 10 is gantry mounting structure perspective view of the invention；
Attached drawing 11 is pillar construction schematic diagram of the invention；
Attached drawing 12 is YZ axis mounting structure perspective view of the invention；
Attached drawing 13 is YZ axis mounting structure side view of the invention；
Attached drawing 14 is YZ axis mounting structure front view of the invention；
Attached drawing 15 is beam structure schematic diagram of the invention；
Attached drawing 16 is beam structure side view of the invention；
Attached drawing 17 is ram structure schematic diagram of the invention；
Attached drawing 18 is main axle structure schematic diagram of the invention；
Attached drawing 19 is milling head structural schematic diagram of the invention；
Attached drawing 20 is gear transmission structure partial schematic diagram of the invention；
Attached drawing 21 is gear box structure schematic diagram of the invention；
Attached drawing 22 is chip removal double-edged fine-toothed comb structural schematic diagram of the invention；
Attached drawing 23 is chip removal box structure schematic diagram of the invention；
In figure:
Pedestal 1, lathe bed 10, gantry 2, planker 20, column 21, crossbeam 22, ram 23, main shaft 24, line rail 220, lead screw
221, bearing 222, connector 223, screw 231, sliding block 232, numerical control flat cabinet 31, line groove 32, workbench 4, job platform
41。
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is a kind of three gantry five-shaft linkage numerically controlled machine of high-precision.
Referring to attached drawing 1~4, this CNC milling machine includes pedestal 1, the three frame gantry 2 for being installed on 1 top of pedestal and for driving
Control the digital control system at gantry 2.Digital control system is installed in the numerical control flat cabinet 31 of milling machine side, the top of numerical control flat cabinet 31
Be provided with line groove 32, electric wiring and cooling water channel are mounted thereon, and are connected through to gantry structure, make wiring it is clean and tidy,
Safety.Each gantry 2 of the present embodiment is equipped with respectively complete Siemens independence digital control system, and three gantry 2 can be simultaneously
A big workpiece is completed, part not of uniform size can also be respectively completed；Each gantry 2 can use a program, select different
Processing sections can also input distinct program respectively, process different workpiece.
Milling machine front end is provided with the chip removal case for chip removal, and the chip removal double-edged fine-toothed comb for 4 two sides of workbench of arranging in pairs or groups is broken to what is washed out
Bits are collected, and avoid pollution 4 environment of workbench.Milling machine end side is provided with side ladder, be provided on each gantry structure ladder,
Guardrail and pedal operate convenient for plant maintenance and power distribution cabinet.Power distribution cabinet, water cooling unit are installed at the top of milling machine gantry 2.
Referring to attached drawing 5~6, pedestal 1 is made of two groups of lathe beds 10 disposed in parallel, constitutes the X-axis of five-axle linkage, correspond to
Two groups of lathe beds 10 are respectively formed X1 axis and X2 axis.It is workbench 4 between X1 axis and X2 axis, X-axis is double drive structure, passes through tooth
The gantry 2 for taking turns drive mechanism and top connects.
Specifically, being provided with planker 20 between lathe bed 10 and column 21, planker 20 is fixedly connected with upper box type column 21, column
It is fixed between 21 and crossbeam 22 and increases block, planker 20 is driven by gear-box, and motor and retarder, tooth are equipped in the gear-box
Roller box merges transmission connection with the rack tooth of lower section lathe bed 10 by gear.
Referring to attached drawing 7, workbench 4 is by 2.2m every piece wide, long 4m, and totally 8 pieces of job platform 41 forms, 4 overall length of workbench
24 meters, both ends respectively extend 1m, amount to 26m.
Referring to attached drawing 8~11, gantry structure is installed on 10 top of lathe bed, and to combine movable beam type structure, gantry 2 is configured with only
Vertical CNC System from Siemens, and 2 same position contour point of each gantry is consistent.So-called contour point is consistent, refers to the axis at each gantry 2
The heart, the depth of parallelism, verticality, straightness etc., and mechanical origin is consistent with electrical zero point (reference point).
Gantry 2 include column 21, be installed on column 21 crossbeam 22, with crossbeam 22 be sequentially connected ram 23 and with cunning
The main shaft 24 of 23 transmission connection of pillow, middle cross beam 22 constitute the Y-axis of five-axle linkage, and ram 23 constitutes the Z axis of five-axle linkage.
Referring to attached drawing 12~17,22 front end of crossbeam is provided with upper and lower two lines rail 220, and two lines rail 220 is on crossbeam 22
Front and back configuration straggly refers specifically to two lines rail 220 and is located at different vertical planes so that bearing capacity disperses, wherein the line rail of top
220 are located at rear side, and the line rail 220 of lower section is located at front side.It is connected between crossbeam 22 and ram 23 by 221 drive mechanism of lead screw:
It is provided with lead screw 221 between upper and lower two lines rail 220,221 left end of lead screw is provided with bearing 222 and is rotatablely connected with it, and right end is set
It is equipped with motor, retarder and connector 223, the screw 231 being slidably matched with lead screw 221, while ram are installed on ram 23
23 are slidably matched by upper and lower each three sliding blocks 232 with upper and lower two lines rail 220.
Referring to attached drawing 18~19, main shaft 24 and ram 23 are sequentially connected, and are equipped with milling head below, in the present embodiment, milling
Head selects CYTEC brand Double swing cutter head, and rotary shaft includes B axle, C axis, and wherein B axle is double drive structure, including B1, B2
Axis, rotation angle are ± 110 °, and C axis and main shaft 24 are rotatablely connected, and rotation angle is ± 360 °.Why the product are selected
Board is to have B, C axis hydraulic locking apparatus based on the products configuration, there is hydraulic " loose knife, swaging clamp " function, cooling down workpiece and cutter
Ejection function, the especially positioning accuracy of B axle and repetitive positioning accuracy reach 5 seconds, is suitable for high-precision process requirements.
In the present embodiment, " 5 " a axis (X1, X2, Y, Z, C, B1, B2) is contained at each gantry 2 altogether, realizes five-shaft numerical control connection
It is dynamic.Three frame gantry 2 are simultaneously operable, and can also be worked independently, random very strong.Because each gantry 2 is equipped with respectively complete
Siemens's independence digital control system, three gantry 2 can be completed at the same time a big workpiece, can also be respectively completed not of uniform size zero
Part, each gantry 2 can use a program, select different processing sections, can also input distinct program respectively, process different works
Part.If taking " line processing again " (DNC processing), this lathe can be completed the free-running operation at three gantry 2 by a total computer.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is a kind of 10 structure of three gantry five-shaft linkage numerically controlled machine lathe bed.
Referring to attached drawing 5~6,20, lathe bed 10 includes box structure and the planker 20 being arranged on, and box structure is three casees
Body formula structure is configured with brace in cabinet by casting material and cast molding of evaporative pattern.It is equipped at the top of box structure
Left and right two groups of teeth item and groove, groove is for accommodating motor in gear-box.Planker 20 is connect by clearance elimination gear with rack gear, and
Planker 20 is connected with gear-box, and gear-box is equally installed on box structure, motor, retarder is provided in gear-box and the gap that disappears
Gear by clearance elimination gear and the ratcheting transmission connection of rack gear, and drives planker 20 in smooth sliding on rack gear.
That is, gear-box employed in the present embodiment, is the gear-box of bidentate wheel construction, rack gear uses 5 class precisions, modulus
6 helical teeth driving rack, the motor in gear-box use Siemens Servo motor, torque 36N/M, and gear shift ratio is
47:1。
Meanwhile the stop zone for having each gantry 2 is provided with or distinguished on lathe bed 10, stop zone is each gantry 2 in X-axis
Go up the distance of movable range to its mechanical origin.The respective free-running operation in the stop zone of program setting of gantry 2, to
It works beyond stop zone, it is necessary to which region limitation is cancelled by digital control system.
Each accidental operation phenomenon in order to prevent, such as: there are two gantry 2 or three gantry 2 are gone to rob the same processing
It puts and causes to bump against, the present embodiment is that CNC milling machine devises dual anticollision insurance: critical potential of the lathe bed 10 in stop zone
The place of setting is equipped with non-contact type approach switch, arrange in pairs or groups acoustic-optic alarm, when planker 20 is moved at critical localisation, Ji Kefa
Alarm out, this is hard position limiting structure；Scope of activities and the path that each gantry 2 is set by digital control system, control each gantry 2 can position
Moving range can equally sound an alarm when X-axis duplicates operating area, this is soft position limiting structure.
In mechanical structure, identical position contour point is consistent at three frame gantry 2 of the application, can be the work of digital control system
Industry control and limit control provide structure basis.
In the present embodiment, the box structure as 10 main body of lathe bed casts material using " HT300 " type of " ungauged regions ", uses
" evaporative pattern " once casts, and (350 DEG C or more are the tempering when time of strict control double tempering, especially 350 DEG C
Variation zone is deformed area below).For the disappearance for guaranteeing " stress " each in 10 casting of lathe bed finished, each tempering time
It must be in 300 hours.
Lathe bed 10 deforms caused by by temperature change, is the important unstable factor of large-scale lathe bed machine.The bed of the application
Body 10X axis longest, is the key component of this equipment, its variation directly affects machining accuracy.
In the structure of lathe bed 10, the box structure of " three box-types " that the present embodiment is taken allows in X-axis length
Variation, does not allow the variation in other directions；The outfit of box structure brace, while the thickness of muscle is increased, keep lathe bed 10 practical
Using the temperature difference in 10 DEG C, even if external temperature (weather, workshop temperature etc.) generates variation, X-axis changes close to zero.
Measured value is within 0.01.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is a kind of Y-axis mounting structure of three gantry five-shaft linkage numerically controlled machines.
Referring to attached drawing 1, CNC milling machine includes pedestal 1, gantry being mounted thereon 2 and the number for drive control gantry 2
Control system, pedestal 1 include two groups of lathe beds 10 disposed in parallel, constitute the X-axis of five-axle linkage；Three framves dragon is installed above lathe bed 10
Door 2 is workbench 4 below gantry 2, and every frame gantry 2 is each equipped with independent digital control system, and 2 same position of each gantry is contour
Point is consistent.
Referring to attached drawing 8~10, gantry 2 includes the column 21 being sequentially connected with lathe bed 10, the crossbeam being installed on column 21
22, the ram 23 being sequentially connected with crossbeam 22 and the main shaft 24 being sequentially connected with ram 23, install milling head below main shaft 24, wherein
Crossbeam 22 constitutes the Y-axis of five-axle linkage, and ram 23 constitutes the Z axis of five-axle linkage.
Referring to attached drawing 15~16,22 front end of crossbeam is provided with upper and lower two lines rail 220, and two lines rail 220 is on crossbeam 22
Front and back configuration straggly refers specifically to two lines rail 220 and is located at different vertical planes so that bearing capacity disperses, wherein the line rail of top
220 are located at rear side, and the line rail 220 of lower section is located at front side, keeps two lines rail 220 stepped.
It referring to attached drawing 14, is connected between crossbeam 22 and ram 23 by 221 drive mechanism of lead screw: upper and lower two lines rail 220
Between be provided with lead screw 221,221 left end of lead screw is provided with bearing 222 and rotation connection, right end be provided with motor, retarder and
Connector 223, is equipped with the screw 231 being slidably matched with lead screw 221 on ram 23, at the same ram 23 pass through it is each three upper and lower
Sliding block 232 is slidably matched with upper and lower two lines rail 220.
The Y-axis mounting structure of the present embodiment, two lines rail 220 " configuration straggly " on crossbeam 22, can effectively make to hold
Power dispersion is carried, this built-in reliability and support force are improved.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment is a kind of double cylinder supports structures of Z axis of three gantry five-shaft linkage numerically controlled machines.
Referring to attached drawing 1, CNC milling machine includes pedestal 1, gantry being mounted thereon 2 and the number for drive control gantry 2
Control system, pedestal 1 include two groups of lathe beds 10 disposed in parallel, constitute the X-axis of five-axle linkage；Three framves dragon is installed above lathe bed 10
Door 2 is workbench 4 below gantry 2, and every frame gantry 2 is each equipped with independent digital control system, and 2 same position of each gantry is contour
Point is consistent, and gantry 2 includes that the column 21 being sequentially connected with lathe bed 10, the crossbeam 22 being installed on column 21 and crossbeam 22 are driven
The ram 23 of connection and the main shaft 24 being sequentially connected with ram 23, milling head is installed below main shaft 24, and middle cross beam 22 constitutes five axis
The Y-axis of linkage, ram 23 constitute the Z axis of five-axle linkage.
Referring to attached drawing 8~10,3 tons of 23 weight of ram of the Z axis of the application, in order to solve the self weight of Z axis, the present embodiment is in cunning
It rests the head on 23 both ends and is provided with double cylinder supports structures, specially dinitrogen gas balance cylinder structure, not only levelling is simple for structure design, together
The structures such as Shi Jieyue hydraulic station.
Nitrogen balance cylinder structure includes the nitrogen for being installed on the nitrogen cylinder of 22 side of crossbeam and being connect by oil pipe with nitrogen cylinder
Cylinder, in the built-in chamber for being installed on 23 two sides of ram of nitrogen cylinder.Nitrogen cylinder is by oil liquid part and with airtight separator
Nitrogen capsule is constituted, and oil liquid part is located at upper end, and nitrogen cylinder is supported in the column 21 of top by cylinder diameter.In equipment operation, nitrogen
The equilibrium principle of gas compensating cylinder is: when main shaft 24 rises, the hydraulic oil in nitrogen cylinder enters nitrogen cylinder, the pressure on nitrogen cylinder top
The discharge of contracting air, at this moment nitrogen expansion, oil liquid is continued to be pressed into nitrogen cylinder, one is generated and upwards pressure with this balancing main shaft 24
Self weight；It when main shaft 24 declines, is shunted via nitrogen cylinder, into 24 two sides nitrogen cylinder of main shaft, the self weight of ram 23 is balanced with this
It influences.
Ram 23 is connected by track base, plastic-sticking guiding rail and main shaft 24, and track base is fixed on 23 top of ram, plastic-sticking guiding rail
Motor, shaft coupling and planetary reduction gear are provided at the top of main shaft 24, constituting drive mechanism slides up and down main shaft 24.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment is a kind of workbench of three gantry five-shaft linkage numerically controlled machines.
Referring to attached drawing 5,7, in the present embodiment, workbench 4 is by 2.2m every piece wide, long 4m, 41 groups of totally 8 pieces of job platform
At 24 meters of 4 overall length of workbench, both ends respectively extend 1m, amount to 26m.
Job platform 41 by being fixed on ground by the fixation of workbench 4 after 54 0.5m " earth anchor device " level-off, it is ensured that
The loading capacity of the total 10T/ ㎡ of workbench 4 will not guarantee machining accuracy because being displaced caused by various accidents.
Ground long 26m, wide 5m, deep 1.5m are provided with three layersReinforcing bar and 300 × 300 spacing transverse and longitudinal it is three-dimensional
Reinforcing bar guarantees the stabilization of ground upper table 4 and equipment.
Referring to attached drawing 1,22,23, the two sides of workbench 4 offer the scrap collecting slot lower than work top, scrap collecting
Chip removal double-edged fine-toothed comb is installed in the top of slot, and front end is provided with chip removal case.In operation process, the included hydraulic jet device of milling head can will be broken
Bits are washed away to scrap collecting slot, while cooling workpieces processing, spiral propeller are equipped in scrap collecting slot, so that broken in it
Bits are constantly advanced until X-axis front end, and subsequent clast is fallen in chip removal case, completes the collection of clast.Chip removal case includes that clast is defeated
Structure and water tank are sent, Belt Conveying structure can be used in clast structure for conveying, and clast is promoted and is delivered in external debris box, is gone through
It conveyed, drained, clast is separated with cooling water, cooling water is recycled in the water tank of lower section, and collocation cooling water pump can make to cool down
Water circulation use.
The present embodiment includes a kind of cooling chip removal structure of three gantry five-shaft linkage numerically controlled machines simultaneously.
Embodiment 6
The present embodiment is a kind of X-axis drive mechanism of three gantry five-shaft linkage numerically controlled machines.
Referring to attached drawing 1, including pedestal 1, gantry being mounted thereon 2 and digital control system for drive control gantry 2, base
Seat 1 includes two groups of lathe beds 10 disposed in parallel, constitutes the X-axis of five-axle linkage；It is equipped with above lathe bed 10 in combination movable beam type knot
Three frame gantry 2 of structure are provided with workbench 4 below gantry 2, and every frame gantry 2 is each equipped with independent digital control system, and gantry 2 is wrapped
Include with lathe bed 10 be sequentially connected column 21, be installed on column 21 crossbeam 22, with crossbeam 22 be sequentially connected ram 23 and
The main shaft 24 being sequentially connected with ram 23, crossbeam 22 constitute the Y-axis of five-axle linkage, and ram 23 constitutes the Z axis of five-axle linkage.
Referring to attached drawing 5, X-axis is double drive structure, including the X1 axis and X2 axis being respectively arranged in two groups of lathe beds 10, point
It is not connected by the column 21 of gear transmission structure and top.
Referring to attached drawing 20~21, planker 20 is provided between lathe bed 10 and column 21, planker 20 and upper box type column 21 are fixed
Connection.Lathe bed 10 is box structure, and top is equipped with two groups of teeth item and groove, and groove is for accommodating motor in gear-box.It drags
Plate 20 is connect by clearance elimination gear with rack gear, and planker 20 is connected with gear-box, and gear-box is equally installed on box structure, tooth
It is provided with motor, retarder and clearance elimination gear in roller box, by clearance elimination gear and the ratcheting transmission connection of rack gear, and drives planker
20 in smooth sliding on rack gear.It is sealed outside gear transmission structure by X-axis wall shield.
Gear-box employed in the present embodiment is the gear-box of bidentate wheel construction, and rack gear is using 5 class precisions, modulus 6
Helical teeth driving rack, the motor in gear-box use Siemens Servo motor, torque 36N/M, and gear shift ratio is 47:1.
Meanwhile the stop zone at every frame gantry 2 is provided in X-axis, stop zone is set by digital control system, and in the limit
Non-contact type approach switch is installed, when there are two gantry 2 or three gantry 2 because robbing the same processing at the critical localisation in region
Point and when causing to bump against, gantry 2 of digital control system control actively collision actively shuts down and alarms, 2, gantry passively collided report
Police is not shut down.
Various embodiments of the present invention technical parameter:
X-axis range is 24M；
When single gantry carries out operation, X-axis working range 14M；
When double gantry carry out operation, X-axis working range 8M；
When three gantry carry out operation, X-axis working range 5M refers both to the Y-axis range movable relative to X-axis mechanical origin；
Y-axis range is 3M；
Z axis range is 1.7M；
X-axis positioning accuracy is 0.06M；
Y-axis positioning accuracy is 0.015M；
Z axis positioning accuracy is 0.01M；
X-axis positioning accuracy is 0.06M；
Y-axis positioning accuracy is 0.015M；
Z axis positioning accuracy is 0.01M；
X-axis repetitive positioning accuracy is 0.015M；
Y-axis repetitive positioning accuracy is 0.01M；
Z axis repetitive positioning accuracy is 0.01M；
B axle rotates angle ± 110 °；
C axis rotates angle ± 360 °.
Although above describe a variety of different embodiments of the invention, it is obvious to a person skilled in the art that this
Invention is not limited to the details of above-mentioned exemplary embodiment, such as: single if three gantry five-shaft linkage numerically controlled machines are claimed in the present invention
Structure is implemented in the installation at gantry or double gantry, it should also cover in scope of the present application, while the selection of milling head model is not
By above-mentioned limitation.
That is, above content is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention.
Any changes and modifications in accordance with the scope of the present application, should still belong to patent covering scope of the invention it
It is interior.
In order to preferably describe technical solution of the present invention, it has simplified or omitted some conventional aspects herein.
Although not each embodiment only includes one finally it should be appreciated that this specification is described according to embodiment
This narrating mode of independent technical solution, this specification is merely for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should will say
As a whole, the technical solutions in the various embodiments may also be suitably combined for bright book, and forming those skilled in the art can be with
The other embodiments of understanding.
Claims (8)
1. three gantry five-shaft linkage numerically controlled machines of high-precision, including pedestal, the gantry being mounted thereon and for drive control dragon
The digital control system of door, it is characterised in that:
The pedestal includes two groups of lathe beds disposed in parallel, constitutes the X-axis of five-axle linkage；
Three frame gantry in combination movable beam type structure are installed above the lathe bed, are provided with workbench below described gantry, often
Frame gantry is each equipped with independent digital control system, and each gantry same position contour point is consistent, and described gantry includes passing with lathe bed
The column of dynamic connection, the crossbeam being installed on column, the main shaft with the ram of crossbeam transmission connection and with ram transmission connection, institute
The Y-axis that crossbeam constitutes five-axle linkage is stated, the ram constitutes the Z axis of five-axle linkage；
Double swing cutter head is installed, there are two rotary shafts for setting in the Double swing cutter head, respectively constitute five below the main shaft
The B axle of axis linkage, C axis.
2. three gantry five-shaft linkage numerically controlled machine of high-precision according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the X-axis is double
Driving structure is respectively formed X1 axis and X2 axis corresponding to two groups of lathe beds, X1 axis and X2 axis pass through respectively gear transmission structure with it is upper
Box type column transmission connection.
3. three gantry five-shaft linkage numerically controlled machine of high-precision according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the lathe bed
Top is provided with rack gear, and planker is provided between the lathe bed and column, and planker is fixedly connected with column, and the planker is connected with
Gear-box, is equipped with motor and retarder in the gear-box, and the gear-box is by the ratcheting transmission connection of wheel and rack, and band
The planker is moved in smooth sliding on lathe bed.
4. three gantry five-shaft linkage numerically controlled machine of high-precision according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the lathe bed is three
Box-type box structure is configured with brace in the body structure by casting material and cast molding of evaporative pattern.
5. three gantry five-shaft linkage numerically controlled machine of high-precision according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the crossbeam uses
Box structure, front end are provided with upper and lower two lines rail, two lines rail front and back configuration straggly on crossbeam, so that carrying
Power dispersion, is connected between the crossbeam and ram by Lead screw transmission structure.
6. three gantry five-shaft linkage numerically controlled machine of high-precision according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the lead screw setting
Between upper and lower two lines rail, lead screw one end is provided with bearing, and the other end is provided with motor, retarder and connector, the cunning
Several sliding blocks for being provided with the screw being slidably matched with lead screw on pillow and being slidably matched respectively with upper and lower two lines rail.
7. three gantry five-shaft linkage numerically controlled machine of high-precision according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: pacify on the ram
Equipped with dual-gripper nitrogen balance cylinder.
8. three gantry five-shaft linkage numerically controlled machine of high-precision according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: in the X-axis
It is provided with the stop zone at every frame gantry, the stop zone is set by digital control system, and in the critical localisation of the stop zone
Place's installation non-contact type approach switch, when there are two gantry or three gantry and causing to bump against because robbing the same processing stand,
Gantry that the digital control system control is actively collided actively shuts down and alarms, and the gantry passively collided, which is only alarmed, does not shut down.
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