CN104889863A - Large high-accuracy gear composite grinding center - Google Patents
Large high-accuracy gear composite grinding center Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104889863A CN104889863A CN201510243754.4A CN201510243754A CN104889863A CN 104889863 A CN104889863 A CN 104889863A CN 201510243754 A CN201510243754 A CN 201510243754A CN 104889863 A CN104889863 A CN 104889863A
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- grinding
- main shaft
- column
- carriage
- lathe bed
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B25/00—Grinding machines of universal type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F23/00—Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed to form part of, gear-cutting machines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F5/00—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made
- B23F5/02—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by grinding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
- B24B27/0023—Other grinding machines or devices grinding machines with a plurality of working posts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
- B24B27/0069—Other grinding machines or devices with means for feeding the work-pieces to the grinding tool, e.g. turntables, transfer means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/02—Frames; Beds; Carriages
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/04—Headstocks; Working-spindles; Features relating thereto
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/12—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving optical means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B53/00—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces
- B24B53/06—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of profiled abrasive wheels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B55/00—Safety devices for grinding or polishing machines; Accessories fitted to grinding or polishing machines for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
- Grinding-Machine Dressing And Accessory Apparatuses (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a large high-accuracy gear composite grinding center. An outer tooth grinding function module is arranged on the right of a rotation work table and comprises a tool body, a column, a grinding wheel frame, a grinding wheel dressing unit, an outer tooth grinding unit and an on-machine measuring unit. An inner tooth, inner hole and end grinding function module is arranged on the left of the rotation work table and comprises a tool body, a column, an inner hole and end grinding unit and an inner tooth grinding unit. By means of the grinding center, one-step clamping of large gears is achieved, the tooth face, inner hole and end grinding and accuracy detection are completed; the problems that large gears are difficult to hoist, clamp, correct and detect, the machining cost is high, the production efficiency is low, the accuracy is hard to guarantee are solved; assisting time among processes is shortened greatly, the number of tools and clamps is reduced, the machining period is shortened, the operation area is saved, the economic benefit is improved apparently, and the traditional machining mode of large gear production through a plurality of large tools and gear measuring instruments is changed completely.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to numerical control machine tool technique field, be specifically related to a kind of large-scale, high precision numerical control gear composite grinding lathe.
Background technology
For the new industry such as marine resources development equipment, large-scale naval vessels, express locomotive, wind-powered electricity generation, nuclear power, Aero-Space greatly developed at present, large-scale, high accuracy hardened face gear is power transmissioning element crucial in these heavy-duty machinery transmission industries.After large-scale, high accuracy hardened face gear machining process route mostly is and processes the gear teeth by methods such as gear hobbing, mill teeth, gear shapings, heat-treat, carry out the flank of tooth, endoporus, end face, internal tooth grinding after improving hardness, finally on large gear amount instrument, carry out accuracy detection.These operations need multiple stage heavy duty machine tools and large gear amount instrument jointly to complete, and inter process is long for non-cutting time, and equipment investment is high, and utilization rate is low.Processing cost is high, and production efficiency is low, and precision is difficult to ensure card.Large gear weight is large, nearly tens of ton, handling, clamping, correction, detection difficult; Large gear mostly is gear ring structure, being dismounted for multiple times handling, and be easily distorted distortion, causes precision to lose.In addition, traditional diamond-making technique relies on the correction tape corrected gear installation site be reserved on gear outer ring, because workpiece is from great, is difficult to accurate correction, and gear finally mainly with endoporus and end face as reference for installation.The error that large gear causes due to technological datum and design basis disunity is very important.Existing gear grinding lathe can only carry out single flank of tooth grinding to medium format gear, and machining accuracy is low, cannot meet marine resources development equipment, large-scale naval vessels, express locomotive, wind-powered electricity generation, nuclear power, Aero-Space heavy-duty machinery transmission industry development demand.Large gear modulus is large, and grinding allowance is large, and grinding heat is large, and traditional diamond-making technique adopts merely the method for watering inject cooling liquid to take away grinding heat, and the cooling fluid absorbing grinding heat sprays everywhere, causes the thermal deformation of grinding process system, makes grinding accuracy be difficult to improve.Adopting Compound Machining, is the development trend of large-scale precision Gear Processing.Not only can improve utilization rate of equipment and installations, shorten non-cutting time, cut down finished cost.Gear Processing precision can also be improved, realize the processing of large gear high accuracy.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of large-scale high-precision gear composite grinding center, need to process on multiple stage heavy duty machine tools to solve current large gauge precision gear, inter process is long for non-cutting time, utilization rate of equipment and installations is low, working area is large, workpiece handling, clamping, correction, detection difficult, and processing cost is high, production efficiency is low, and precision is difficult to ensure the problem of card.
For achieving the above object, present invention employs following technical scheme:
A kind of large-scale high-precision gear composite grinding center, this composite grinding center comprises rotary table, external tooth grinding function module and internal tooth, endoporus and cross grinding functional module, described external tooth grinding function module arrangement is in the side of rotary table, internal tooth, endoporus and cross grinding functional module are arranged in the opposite side of rotary table, and external tooth grinding function module comprises the first lathe bed, the first column, wheel dresser, external tooth grinding attachment and on-machine measurement device; Internal tooth, endoporus and cross grinding functional module comprise the second lathe bed, the second column, internal tooth grinding attachment and endoporus and face grinding device; Described first lathe bed and the second lathe bed are separately positioned on rotary table both sides, and described first column and the second column correspondence are arranged on the first lathe bed and the second lathe bed, and the distance of the first column and the second column and rotary table is adjustable; Described first column is provided with rotatable and along the liftable grinding carriage of the first column, wheel dresser, external tooth grinding attachment and on-machine measurement device are arranged on grinding carriage, described second column is provided with liftable support, and internal tooth grinding attachment or endoporus and face grinding device and the Precise terminal gear dish parafacies be arranged on support connect.
Described rotary table comprises round table surface, liquid-cooled slotless torque motor and base, round table surface is supported by the hydrostatic bearing be arranged on base, the lower surface of round table surface is connected with the rotor of described torque motor, the stator of described torque motor is fixed on the upper surface of base, is provided with Circular gratings chi in the endoporus at round table surface center.
Described external tooth grinding attachment comprises the first servomotor, main shaft I, body shell and the built-in type spindle motor be arranged in body shell, main shaft I is by being arranged on the roller bearings in body shell, main shaft I is connected with the rotor of described built-in type spindle motor, emery wheel I is connected with one end of main shaft I, main shaft I inside is provided with dynamic poise device and AE device, described body shell is supported by the accurate rolling guide be arranged on grinding carriage, first servomotor is arranged on grinding carriage, first servomotor is by being arranged on the axially reciprocating of the precise ball screw subband kinetoplast shell on grinding carriage along emery wheel I.
Described spindle motor adopts independent water-cooling system, and described rolling bearing adopts oil-air lubrication.
Described wheel dresser comprises trimmer I, trimmer II, is arranged on the finishing base on grinding carriage and is arranged on the second servomotor on finishing base, trimmer I and trimmer II are supported on finishing base by M/V straight line roller guide, and the second servomotor moves trimmer I and trimmer II by the precise ball screw subband be arranged on finishing base and moves back and forth along the radial direction of emery wheel I.
Described internal tooth grinding attachment comprises grinding arm, torque motor, main shaft II, emery wheel II and trimmer III, emery wheel II is by electro spindle Direct driver, electro spindle is fixed on pallet, torque motor stator to be fixed on bottom grinding arm in bore, torque motor rotor is connected with main shaft II, main shaft II passes through precise rotating platform bearings in grinding arm, main shaft II front end is connected with pallet, Circular gratings is installed in main shaft II rear end, grinding arm is provided with the 3rd servomotor and precise ball screw pair, 3rd servomotor moves trimmer III by this precise ball screw subband and moves back and forth along the radial direction of emery wheel II, grinding arm is connected with support by Precise terminal gear dish pair.
Described composite grinding center also comprise rotating cylinder, revolving bed, main shaft III, for locate grinding carriage angle of revolution several clamp systems and in grinding carriage revolution by several unloading mechanisms of the outside pushing tow grinding carriage in the front end face bottom of revolving bed, described revolving bed is arranged on the first column, main shaft III is fixed on revolving bed, rotating cylinder by bearings on main shaft III, the rear end face of grinding carriage is connected with rotating cylinder, and the front end face of revolving bed is relative with the rear end face of grinding carriage and form rail plate pair.
Described first lathe bed and the second lathe bed adopt rigid frame rack and panel construction, and the first and second pre-buried temperature sensor in lathe bed warm key point place also installs cooling system, and described composite grinding center is covered with totally enclosed type protected enclosure.
Described first and second column adopts the fluid hydrostatic guiderail be arranged on corresponding lathe bed to support, corresponding lathe bed is provided with linear grating chi and for driving the accurate composite filament rod bearing of the rigidity of corresponding column movement and precompressed ball screw, precompressed ball screw is supported on the accurate composite filament rod bearing of rigidity.
Described composite grinding center also comprises electrostatic and inhales mist system, grinding oil cold filtration system and machine tool safety system.
Advantageous Effects acquired by the present invention is:
Present invention achieves large gear clamped one time, complete grinding and the accuracy detection of internal gear, the external gear flank of tooth, endoporus and end face, solution is known clearly large gear handling, clamping, correction, detection difficult, and processing cost is high, production efficiency is low, precision is difficult to ensure the problem of card, greatly reduce the non-cutting time of inter process, reduce lathe and fixture quantity, shorten the process-cycle, save working area, significantly improve economic benefit, change the traditional processing mode producing large gear with multiple stage heavy duty machine tools and gear amount instrument completely.
The present invention can treat roll flute outline-shaped by on-machine measurement device and carry out data acquisition, obtains gear grinding allowance balance situation, optimizes grinding process, reduces empty time consuming, improves large gear working (machining) efficiency.After gear grinding completes, directly on lathe, carry out accuracy detection, avoid repeated disassembled and assembled, save non-cutting time.
The present invention realizes the unification that large gear adds design basis in man-hour, reference for installation, machining benchmark, need not by reserved correction tape corrected gear, directly use the endoporus of grinding as the benchmark grinding flank of tooth, significantly improve the machining accuracy of large gear, grinding accuracy reaches DIN3 level.
The Advantageous Effects that the present invention obtains further is:
The present invention is by heat structure active designs, and at the pre-buried temperature sensor in lathe bed warm key point place, Real-time Collection lathe bed warm key point temperature variations, rinses oil temperature according to the cooling of variations in temperature auto-control lathe bed, ensures that lathe bed temperature gradient distribution is even.Solve grinding heat in large gear process large, long-time grinding, precision is difficult to ensure the problem of card.
In the present invention, grinding spindle adopts high-power built-in type electro spindle directly to drive, and realizes the grinding of Big sized gear invariable power; Main shaft support bearing adopts oil-air lubrication, and effectively control main shaft temperature rise, spindle motor adopts independent water-cooling system, takes away motor heat in time, realizes constant temperature grinding, ensures high-precision grinding; Main shaft adopts hollow structure, built-in dynamic balancing and acoustic emission device, to grinding state implementing monitoring, can optimize flank of tooth grinding quality.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the axis side view of grinding external tooth of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that the present invention changes internal tooth grinding attachment grinding internal tooth;
Fig. 4 is that the present invention carries out the schematic diagram in machine accuracy detection to large gear;
Fig. 5 is top view of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of rotary table in Fig. 1;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of Fig. 1 medium plain emery wheel trimming device;
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of external tooth grinding attachment in Fig. 1;
Fig. 9 a is grinding carriage slewing equipment structural representation;
Fig. 9 b is clamp system of the present invention and unloading mechanism distribution schematic diagram;
Fig. 9 c is the structural representation of unloading mechanism of the present invention;
Fig. 9 d is the structural representation of clamp system of the present invention;
Fig. 9 e is the structural representation of the arc-shaped T-type structure of clamping pull bar of the present invention;
Fig. 9 f is the structural representation of revolving bed of the present invention;
Fig. 9 g is the structural representation of grinding carriage of the present invention;
Figure 10 is structural representation (b) and the sectional view (a) of internal tooth grinding attachment.
In figure: rotary table 1, lathe bed 2, column 3, grinding carriage 4, rotating cylinder 4-1, revolving bed 4-2, main shaft III 4-3, two helical pitch anti-backlash worm wheel secondary 4-4, Circular gratings 4-5, clamping pull bar 4-7, clamp system 4-8, unloading mechanism 4-9, piston alignment pin 4-10, body shell 4-11, unloading mechanism piston 4-12, push rod 4-13, disc spring 4-14, off-load rolling bearing 4-15, disc spring 4-16, clamp system piston 4-17, clamping cylinder 4-18, ring-type T-slot 4-19, groove 4-20, unloading mechanism telescopic hole 4-21, clamp system telescopic hole 4-22, Biserial cylindrical roller bearing 4-23, taper roll bearing 4-24, arc-shaped T-type structure 4-25, wheel dresser 5, external tooth grinding attachment 6, on-machine measurement device 7, endoporus and face grinding device 8, support 9, case 10, internal tooth grinding attachment 11, fluid hydrostatic guiderail 12, precompressed ball screw 13, linear grating chi 14, electrostatic inhales mist system 15, grinding oil cold filtration system 16, machine tool safety system 17, round table surface 18, liquid-cooled slotless torque motor rotor 19, liquid-cooled slotless torque motor stator 20, base 21, hydrostatic bearing 22, Circular gratings chi 23, emery wheel I 24, trimmer I 25, trimmer II 26, second servomotor 27, finishing base 28, first servomotor 29, the stator 30 of built-in type spindle motor, body shell 31, the rotor 32 of built-in type spindle motor, main shaft I 33, grinding wheel component 34, AE device 35, grinding arm 36, 3rd servomotor 37, trimmer III 38, emery wheel II 39, electro spindle 40, pallet 41, precise rotating platform bearing 42, main shaft II 43, torque motor rotor 44, torque motor stator 45, Circular gratings 46.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in detail.
See Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 8, large-scale high-precision gear composite grinding center of the present invention, comprise rotary table 1, external tooth grinding function module and internal tooth, endoporus and cross grinding functional module, described external tooth grinding function module arrangement is in the side of rotary table 1, internal tooth, endoporus and cross grinding functional module are arranged in the opposite side of rotary table 1, and external tooth grinding function module comprises the first lathe bed, the first column, wheel dresser 5, external tooth grinding attachment 6 and on-machine measurement device 7; Internal tooth, endoporus and cross grinding functional module comprise the second lathe bed, the second column, internal tooth grinding attachment 11 and endoporus and face grinding device 8; Described first lathe bed and the second lathe bed are separately positioned on rotary table 1 both sides, and described first column and the second column correspondence are arranged on the first lathe bed and the second lathe bed, and the distance of the first column and the second column and rotary table is adjustable; Described first column is provided with rotatable and along the liftable grinding carriage 4 of the first column, wheel dresser 5, external tooth grinding attachment 6 and on-machine measurement device 7 are arranged on grinding carriage 4, described second column is provided with liftable support 9, internal tooth grinding attachment 11 and endoporus and face grinding device 8 are connected with support by the Precise terminal gear dish pair be arranged on support 9, make internal tooth grinding attachment and endoporus and face grinding device carry out quick-replaceable, meet different process requirements.
Described rotary table comprises round table surface 18, liquid-cooled slotless torque motor and base 21, round table surface 18 is supported by the hydrostatic bearing 22 be arranged on base, the lower surface of round table surface 18 is connected with the rotor of described torque motor, the stator of described torque motor is fixed on the upper surface of base 21, is provided with Circular gratings chi 23 in the endoporus at round table surface 18 center.
Described external tooth grinding attachment 6 comprises the first servomotor 29, main shaft I 33, body shell 31 and the built-in type spindle motor be arranged in body shell, main shaft I 33 is by being arranged on the roller bearings in body shell, main shaft I 33 is connected with the rotor 32 of described built-in type spindle motor, emery wheel I 24 is connected with one end of main shaft I 33, main shaft I inside is provided with dynamic poise device and AE (sound emission) device 35, described body shell 31 is supported by the accurate rolling guide be arranged on grinding carriage 4, first servomotor is arranged on grinding carriage, first servomotor is by being arranged on the axially reciprocating of the precise ball screw subband kinetoplast shell 31 on grinding carriage along emery wheel I.Described spindle motor adopts independent water-cooling system, and described rolling bearing adopts oil-air lubrication.
Described wheel dresser 5 comprises trimmer I 25, trimmer II 26, is arranged on the finishing base 28 on grinding carriage 4 and is arranged on the second servomotor 27 on finishing base 28, trimmer I 25 and trimmer II 26 are supported on finishing base 28 by M/V straight line roller guide, and the second servomotor moves trimmer I 25 and trimmer II 26 by the precise ball screw subband be arranged on finishing base and moves back and forth along the radial direction of emery wheel I 24.
Described first lathe bed and the second lathe bed adopt high rigid frame rack and panel construction, and the first and second pre-buried temperature sensor in lathe bed warm key point place also installs cooling system, and described composite grinding center is covered with totally enclosed type protected enclosure 10.
Described first and second column adopts the fluid hydrostatic guiderail 12 be arranged on corresponding lathe bed to support, corresponding lathe bed is provided with high-resolution linear grating chi 14 and for driving the accurate composite filament rod bearing of the high rigidity of corresponding column movement and precompressed ball screw 13, precompressed ball screw is supported on the accurate composite filament rod bearing of high rigidity.
Described composite grinding center also comprises electrostatic and inhales mist system 15, grinding oil cold filtration system 16 and machine tool safety system 17.
See Fig. 9 a ~ Fig. 9 g, grinding carriage slewing equipment comprises rotating cylinder 4-1, revolving bed 4-2, main shaft III 4-3, grinding carriage 4, Circular gratings 4-5, two helical pitch anti-backlash worm wheel secondary 4-4, for locate grinding carriage angle of revolution several clamp systems 4-8 and in grinding carriage revolution by several unloading mechanisms 4-9 of the outside pushing tow grinding carriage in the front end face bottom of revolving bed, described main shaft III 4-3 is fixed on revolving bed 4-2, described Circular gratings 4-5 is arranged on main shaft III 4-3 front end, grinding carriage position of rotation is controlled by Circular gratings 4-5, Circular gratings 4-5 is near grinding carriage 4, reduce Abbe error, true and reliable feedback grinding carriage physical location, improve control accuracy.Main shaft III 4-3 is provided with taper roll bearing 4-24 and Biserial cylindrical roller bearing 4-23, taper roll bearing 4-24 is arranged on the rear end of main shaft III 4-3, Biserial cylindrical roller bearing 4-23 is arranged between taper roll bearing 4-24 and described Circular gratings 4-5, and rotating cylinder 4-1 is supported on main shaft III 4-3 by the bearing group that Biserial cylindrical roller bearing 4-23 and taper roll bearing 4-24 form.The rear end face of grinding carriage 4 is connected with rotating cylinder 4-1, and the front end face of revolving bed 4-2 is relative with the rear end face of grinding carriage 4, forms rail plate secondary.Grinding carriage rotary servovalve motor drives rotating cylinder by two helical pitch anti-backlash worm wheel pair, realizes grinding carriage revolution.Described grinding carriage rotary servovalve motor is band-type brake motor, can be turned back to target location finger lock worm screw, improve rigidity further at grinding carriage; According to force analysis, the worm screw of described pair of helical pitch anti-backlash worm wheel pair is arranged on away from grinding carriage center of gravity side, makes the load torque power be applied on worm screw be axial compressive force, improves stability.
Described revolving bed 4-2 is double-deck gusset cylinder-like structure, the front end face of revolving bed 4-2 radially offers groove 4-20, the front end face even partition of revolving bed is many parts by groove 4-20, segmentation number is equal with described clamp system quantity, namely described clamp system 4-8 arranges in the front end face corresponding region of revolving bed after singulation, is provided with compressed air discharge conduit in described groove 4-20.Described clamp system 4-8 is hydraulic clamp, disc spring is loosened, comprise the clamping cylinder 4-18 in the front end being arranged at revolving bed 4-2, be arranged at the clamp system piston 4-17 cooperatively interacted in clamping cylinder and disc spring 4-16, and the clamping pull bar 4-7 to be connected with clamp system piston, the rear end face of grinding carriage 4 offers ring-type T-slot 4-19, described clamping pull bar 4-7 front end is arc-shaped T-type structure 4-25, clamping pull bar 4-7 is stretched out by the front end face of revolving bed 4-2, the front end of clamping pull bar 4-7 to be inserted in described ring-type T-slot 4-19 and is formed matched in clearance with ring-type T-slot, grinding carriage is locked on revolving bed by clamp system.Described unloading mechanism 4-9 comprises the body shell 4-11 being arranged on revolving bed front end inner bottom part, be arranged on the unloading mechanism piston 4-12 in this body shell 4-11, and the push rod 4-13 to be connected with unloading mechanism piston, the front end of push rod 4-13 is provided with the off-load rolling bearing 4-15 that can relatively with the rear end face of grinding carriage 4 roll, off-load rolling bearing 4-15 is stretched out by the front end face of revolving bed 4-2 or regains, front end in this body shell 4-11 is provided with piston limit step, rear end in this body shell 4-11 is provided with the piston alignment pin 4-10 coordinated with push rod rear end, be arranged between unloading mechanism piston 4-12 and off-load rolling bearing 4-15 through the disc spring 4-14 of pretension.
The revolving-control method of grinding carriage slewing equipment is:
1) described clamp system 4-8 is utilized to be located along predetermined angular position by grinding carriage 4 and be clamped on revolving bed 4-2;
2) when needs rotate grinding carriage 4 again, described clamp system 4-8 stops clamping grinding carriage 4, then at the front end face release compressed air of revolving bed 4-2, simultaneously, the outside pushing tow grinding carriage 4 of described unloading mechanism 4-9, then rotating cylinder 4-1 is driven to drive grinding carriage 4 to rotate, after grinding carriage 4 turns to new predetermined angular position, unloading mechanism 4-9 is made to stop pushing tow grinding carriage 4, simultaneously, stop at the front end face release compressed air of revolving bed 4-2, then according to step 1) grinding carriage 4 is positioned and clamps.
Specifically, when grinding carriage 4 needs to rotate, in the clamping cylinder 4-18 of described clamp system 4-8, oil pressure sheds, clamping pull bar 4-7 is protruding with clamp system piston 4-17 motion, clamping pull bar 4-7 front end is loosened, in unloading mechanism 4-9, unloading mechanism piston 4-12 drives push rod 4-13 to eject at oil pressure move under influence, overcome because grinding carriage center of gravity is forward, at the pressure that grinding carriage circular guideway face Lower Half is formed, grinding carriage circular guideway surface pressure is evenly distributed, compressed air sprays from groove 4-20, air cushion is formed between grinding carriage circular guideway face and revolving bed guide pass (i.e. revolving bed front end face), after preparation completes, the two helical pitch anti-backlash worm wheel secondary 4-4 of driven by servomotor drives grinding carriage 4 steadily to turn round, the off-load rolling bearing 4-15 of push rod 4-13 end againsts grinding carriage rear end guide pass and rolls, in grinding carriage turning course, ensure that whole grinding carriage circular guideway surface pressure is evenly distributed, after grinding carriage 4 rotates and arrives target location, compressed air sheds, unloading mechanism 4-9 pressure oil sheds, pressure oil is passed in clamp system 4-8, clamping pull bar 4-7 action, grinding carriage 4 is locked on revolving bed 4-2, push rod 4-13 regains.
Be symmetrically installed with grinding carriage revolution load unloading mechanism 4-9 in revolving bed 2 front bottom end, unloading mechanism 4-9 comprises piston alignment pin 4-10, body shell 4-11, unloading mechanism piston 4-12, push rod 4-13, disc spring 4-14 and off-load rolling bearing 4-15.After clamp system 4-8 loosens, pressure oil is passed in body shell 4-11, unloading mechanism piston 4-12 moves and arrives the limited step of body shell 4-11 inside, now disc spring 4-14 compression, push rod 4-13 ejects, and the off-load rolling bearing 4-15 of push rod 4-13 end againsts grinding carriage rear end guide pass and rolls, and grinding carriage lower end laminating guide pass and revolving bed guide pass is thrown off, whole grinding carriage circular guideway surface pressure is evenly distributed, ensures that grinding carriage revolution is steadily smooth.
Main shaft III 4-3 and revolving bed 4-2 is rigidly connected by screw.The load of such grinding carriage 4 can rigid of transmission to revolving bed rear end, near revolving bed support position, the rigid of transmission of realizable force, avoids the torsional deformation of revolving bed.
Grinding carriage entirety becomes overhanging state, causes guide rail binding face Lower Half load between revolving bed and grinding carriage large, if clamping pull bar unclamps rear grinding carriage just start revolution, because between guide pass, pressure is large, skewness, easily produces shake, can cause the occlusion of circular guideway face, plucking.After increasing unloading mechanism, after clamping pull bar loosens, grinding carriage ejects by unloading mechanism slightly, and whole circular guideway surface pressure is evenly distributed, then passes into compressed air, grinding carriage just can operate flexibly.
Clamp system 4-8 is hydraulic clamp, and disc spring is loosened.During clamping, pass into hydraulic oil in clamping cylinder 4-18, clamp system piston 4-17 drives clamping pull bar 4-7 to move backward and realizes clamping, and compress disc spring 4-16, be relaxing exercise energy reserve simultaneously.Adopt hydraulic clamp, the constant ripple disable of clamping force, dynamics is adjustable, overcomes the elastic deformation of disc spring clamping force under grinding exciting.
Clamping pull bar 4-7 end is arc-shaped T-type structure, increases one times, clamp more reliable than the pull bar clamping area of ordinary rectangular T-slot structure.
Described revolving bed 4-2 is double-deck gusset cylinder-like structure, and its end face radially has groove, and guide pass even partition is many parts, and dividing number is equal with clamp system 4-8 quantity, and has compressed air line in groove.
Double-deck gusset cylinder-like structure torsional rigidity is high, in heavy load grinding situation, can effective propping sand wheel carrier, and raising system rigidity; End face is divided into many parts, and when making clamping, pull bar surrounding faying face can obtain higher contact strength, improves clamping effect, avoids entirety when stepping up, and the rotating accuracy that the uneven and part's machining errors of clamping force causes loses problem.Process compressed air line in groove, pass into compressed air during grinding carriage revolution, form air cushion, ensureing that grinding carriage steadily turns round without creeping, improve revolution sensitivity, and can prevent foreign matter from entering guide pass.
Grinding carriage 4 rear end face has ring-type T-slot, and the arc-shaped T-type structure of clamping pull bar 4-7 end inserts in ring-type T-slot and forms matched in clearance.
Clamp system 4-8 is circular distribution on revolving bed.
See Figure 10 a and Figure 10 b, described internal tooth grinding attachment 11 comprises grinding arm 36, torque motor, main shaft II 43, emery wheel II 39 and trimmer III 38, emery wheel II 39 is by electro spindle 40 Direct driver, electro spindle 40 is fixed on pallet 41, torque motor stator 45 to be fixed on bottom grinding arm 36 in bore, torque motor rotor 44 is connected with main shaft II 43, main shaft II 43 is supported in grinding arm 36 by precise rotating platform bearing 42, main shaft II 43 front end is connected with pallet 41, Circular gratings 46 is installed in main shaft II 43 rear end, grinding arm 36 is provided with the 3rd servomotor 37 and precise ball screw pair, 3rd servomotor moves trimmer III 38 by this precise ball screw subband and moves back and forth along the radial direction of emery wheel II 39, grinding arm 36 is connected with support 9 by Precise terminal gear dish pair.
Analysis of technical of the present invention is as follows:
Described rotary table round table surface operates on high rigidity, high accuracy, anti abrasive hydrostatic bearing, is directly driven by liquid-cooled slotless torque motor.Solve in traditional worm gear rotary table, large-scale precision worm gear processing difficulties, worm gear foozle is periodically rerun a movie the problem on workpiece.Accurate calibration and interpolation requirement when both can ensure the grinding flank of tooth, higher rotation speed required when can meet again hole end face grinding, improves working (machining) efficiency.
Described on-machine measurement device can be treated roll flute outline-shaped and carry out data acquisition, obtains gear grinding allowance balance situation, optimizes grinding process, reduces empty time consuming, improves large gear working (machining) efficiency.After gear grinding completes, directly on lathe, carry out accuracy detection, avoid repeated disassembled and assembled, save non-cutting time.
In external tooth grinding function module, column drives a high accuracy precompressed ball screw to drive by three-phase ac servo motor, moves, lathe bed is installed high accuracy linear grating chi and provide accurate positioning precision along lathe bed hydrostatic slideway.The configuration achieves the microfeed of bulk loads, make the accurate correction of the flank shape grinding of large heavy-load gear become possibility.
The floor installation of wheel dresser is on grinding carriage, servomotor moves trimmer I by little helical pitch precise ball screw subband and trimmer II moves back and forth along emery wheel I radial direction, and trimmer I and trimmer II are supported on finishing base by M/V straight line roller guide; Servomotor moves external tooth grinding attachment along emery wheel I axially reciprocating by little helical pitch precise ball screw subband, and external tooth grinding attachment is supported on grinding carriage by accurate rolling guide.Adopt two roller finishing, a roller finishing formed grinding wheel side, dressing efficiency is high, and the finishing degree of depth is unrestricted, realizes large gear large modulus, the grinding requirement of large tooth depth; Adopt little helical pitch screw mandrel to drive, very high precision can be obtained under microfeed, realize grinding wheel profile and accurately repair, improve gear grinding precision.
Lathe configuration hole end face grinding device and internal tooth grinding attachment, locates by Precise terminal gear dish secondary to be connected with support, realizes quick-replaceable, and can ensure precision and rigidity.
Rotary table round table surface adopts hydrostatic bearing to support, carrying is large, rigidity is high, without wearing and tearing, also can play the effect of absorbing, workbench is directly driven by slotless torque motor, and low speed is steady, and non-moment fluctuates, response is fast, the range of speeds is wide, low-speed big requirement when can meet flank of tooth grinding, rotation speed requirements higher when can meet again hole end face grinding.
Grinding spindle adopts high-power built-in type electro spindle directly to drive, and realizes the grinding of Big sized gear invariable power; Main shaft support bearing adopts oil-air lubrication, and effectively control main shaft temperature rise, spindle motor adopts independent water-cooling system, takes away motor heat in time, realizes constant temperature grinding, ensures high-precision grinding; Main shaft adopts hollow structure, built-in dynamic balancing and acoustic emission device, to grinding state implementing monitoring, can optimize flank of tooth grinding quality.
At lathe warm key point pre-buried sensor, Real-Time Monitoring temperature rise changes.By the room temperature people having the same aspiration and interest, regulation and control grinding oil temperature, realizes isothermal grinding, ensures crudy.
The lathe such as rotary table, column bearing axle adopts high rigid fluid static pressure supporting construction, and low speed is steady, and without creeping, bearing axle can be worked as measurement axle and be used, and makes large gear become possibility in machine accuracy detection.
The present invention adopts Wind Volume oil fog recycling system, discharges the mist of oil produced in grinding process in time, recycles, environmental protection.
The present invention configures machine tool safety system, automatically detects potential fire safety evaluating hidden danger.
Embodiment
As shown in Figures 1 to 8, a kind of large-scale, high class gear composite grinding center, adopts vertical structure, symmetrical expression layout.Rotary table 1 is arranged on adjustment parallels, is connected with ground by foundation bolt.External tooth grinding function module arrangement, on the right side of rotary table, comprises lathe bed 2, column 3, grinding carriage 4, wheel dresser 5, external tooth grinding attachment 6, on-machine measurement device 7; Internal tooth, endoporus and cross grinding functional module are arranged on the left of rotary table, comprise lathe bed 2, column 3, internal tooth grinding attachment 11, endoporus and face grinding device 8.Large-scale, high class gear composite grinding center also comprises electrostatic and inhales mist system 15, grinding oil cold filtration system 16, machine tool safety system 17.This layout type compact conformation, process system good stability.Rotary table is separated with lathe bed, and precision is easy to adjust, and integral rigidity is high, ensure that the stable support of large gear.Space between table top and lathe bed, can make cooling fluid derive rapidly, improve heat endurance.By modularized design, according to user's request, individual cultivation can be carried out, adapt to different user working area.
Round table surface 18 lower surface of described rotary table 1 is connected with large-scale liquid-cooled slotless torque motor rotor 19, and large-scale liquid-cooled slotless torque motor stator 20 is fixed on base 21 upper surface of rotary table.Round table surface 18 adopts hydrostatic bearing 22 to support.Base 21 adopts two foot bolts of enclosing the land to be connected with ground.Rotary table 1 inside is provided with Circular gratings chi 23.Round table surface 18 operates on high rigidity, high accuracy, anti abrasive hydrostatic bearing 22, and directly driven by liquid-cooled slotless torque motor, driving-chain is short, and response is fast; Static pressure supports, and carries high, meets large-tonnage work pieces process demand.Solve traditional worm gear rotary table large-scale precision worm gear processing difficulties, worm gear foozle is periodically rerun a movie the problem on workpiece.Accurate calibration and interpolation requirement when both can ensure the grinding flank of tooth, higher rotation speed required when can meet again hole end face grinding, improves working (machining) efficiency.Torque motor is split type slotless torque motor, and non-moment fluctuates, and split-type structural is installed, easy to adjust, overcomes traditional large-scale torque motor the suction-combining force large, installs the problem correcting difficulty, ensure rotary table rotating accuracy.
Column 3 drives a high accuracy precompressed ball screw 13 to drive by three-phase ac servo motor, moves, lathe bed is installed high accuracy linear grating chi 14, provide accurate positioning precision along lathe bed fluid hydrostatic guiderail 12; The finishing base 28 of wheel dresser 5 is arranged on grinding carriage 4, servomotor 27 moves trimmer I 25 by little helical pitch precise ball screw subband and trimmer II 26 moves back and forth along emery wheel I radial direction, and trimmer I 25 and trimmer II 26 are supported on finishing base 28 by M/V straight line roller guide; Servomotor moves external tooth grinding attachment 6 along emery wheel I axially reciprocating by precise ball screw subband, and external tooth grinding attachment is supported on grinding carriage by accurate rolling guide, and two linear axis interpolations realize crushing.Two finishing axis servomotors adopt the little helical pitch ball screw of combo, and identical servo-drive, ensure that interpolation precision, improves crushing quality, for large gear high-precision grinding creates conditions.
Described lathe bed 2 has carried out high rigid design, ensures the rigid of transmission of power, prevents distortion, lathe bed surface is in ramped shaped, and cooling flusher is installed at height point place, the liquid cooled heat splashing in lathe bed surface in process can be derived rapidly, the rubbish of cleaning grinding in time.At the pre-buried temperature sensor in lathe bed warm key point place, Real-time Collection lathe bed warm key point temperature variations, rinses oil temperature according to the cooling of variations in temperature auto-control lathe bed, ensures that lathe bed temperature gradient distribution is even.Thermal characteristics active designs, strong guarantee grinding process system heat endurance, provides safeguard for the long-time grinding quality of large-scale workpiece is stable.
The stator 30 of the built-in type spindle motor in described external tooth grinding attachment 6 is fixed on body shell 31, the rotor 32 of built-in type spindle motor is connected with main shaft I 33, main shaft I 33 is supported on body shell 31 by one group of precise rolling bearing, and grinding wheel component 34 is connected in main shaft I front end by screw.Main shaft I is hollow structure, and inside is integrated with built-in dynamic balancing and AE device 35.Grinding spindle adopts high-power built-in type electro spindle directly to drive, and realizes the grinding of Big sized gear invariable power; Main shaft support bearing adopts oil-air lubrication, and effectively control main shaft temperature rise, spindle motor adopts independent water-cooling system, takes away motor heat in time, realizes constant temperature grinding, ensures high-precision grinding; Main shaft adopts hollow structure, built-in dynamic balancing and acoustic emission device, to grinding state implementing monitoring, can optimize flank of tooth grinding quality.
Described endoporus and face grinding device 8 and internal tooth grinding attachment 11 were located by Precise terminal gear dish secondary to be connected with support 9, can realize quick-replaceable, and can ensure precision and rigidity.
Machine tool outer casing adopts full-closed shell 10, and machining area and maintenance area are distinguished by casing interior protective baffle plate.Case side has electrostatic fog-suction mouth near grinding area, connects Wind Volume electrostatic and inhales mist system 15, discharge the cooling mist of oil of lathe inside in time, recycle, and avoids, to workshop discharge, polluting.Casing interior machining area and machine maintenance region disconnecting, avoid mist of oil to spread.The electrostatic of Wind Volume is inhaled mist device and can the cooling fluid of atomization be extracted out in time, absorbs the grinding heat be dispersed in mist of oil, effectively controls casing interior temperature rise, ensure grinding process system heat endurance, for large gear accurate grinding provides safeguard.
Fig. 1 shows the state of the composite grinding large gear flank of tooth and interior hole end surface.Fig. 3 shows the state of the flank of tooth inside and outside composite grinding large gear.Above-mentioned two kinds of machining states realize switching fast by Precise terminal gear dish pair.
Claims (10)
1. a large-scale high-precision gear composite grinding center, it is characterized in that: this composite grinding center comprises rotary table (1), external tooth grinding function module and internal tooth, endoporus and cross grinding functional module, described external tooth grinding function module arrangement is in the side of rotary table (1), internal tooth, endoporus and cross grinding functional module are arranged in the opposite side of rotary table (1), and external tooth grinding function module comprises the first lathe bed, the first column, wheel dresser (5), external tooth grinding attachment (6) and on-machine measurement device (7); Internal tooth, endoporus and cross grinding functional module comprise the second lathe bed, the second column, internal tooth grinding attachment (11) and endoporus and face grinding device (8); Described first lathe bed and the second lathe bed are separately positioned on rotary table (1) both sides, described first column and the second column correspondence are arranged on the first lathe bed and the second lathe bed, and the distance of the first column and the second column and rotary table is adjustable; Described first column is provided with rotatable and along the liftable grinding carriage of the first column (4), wheel dresser (5), external tooth grinding attachment (6) and on-machine measurement device (7) are arranged on grinding carriage (4), described second column is provided with liftable support (9), internal tooth grinding attachment (11) or endoporus and face grinding device (8) connect with the Precise terminal gear dish parafacies be arranged on support (9).
2. a kind of large-scale high-precision gear composite grinding center according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described rotary table comprises round table surface (18), liquid-cooled slotless torque motor and base (21), round table surface (18) is supported by the hydrostatic bearing (22) be arranged on base, the lower surface of round table surface (18) is connected with the rotor of described torque motor, the stator of described torque motor is fixed on the upper surface of base (21), is provided with Circular gratings chi (23) in the endoporus at round table surface (18) center.
3. a kind of large-scale high-precision gear composite grinding center according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described external tooth grinding attachment (6) comprises the first servomotor (29), main shaft I (33), body shell (31) and the built-in type spindle motor be arranged in body shell, main shaft I (33) is by being arranged on the roller bearings in body shell, main shaft I (33) is connected with the rotor (32) of described built-in type spindle motor, emery wheel I (24) is connected with one end of main shaft I (33), main shaft I inside is provided with dynamic poise device and AE device (35), described body shell (31) is supported by the accurate rolling guide be arranged on grinding carriage (4), first servomotor (29) is arranged on grinding carriage, first servomotor is by being arranged on the axially reciprocating of the precise ball screw subband kinetoplast shell on grinding carriage along emery wheel I (24).
4. a kind of large-scale high-precision gear composite grinding center according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described spindle motor adopts independent water-cooling system, and described rolling bearing adopts oil-air lubrication.
5. a kind of large-scale high-precision gear composite grinding center according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described wheel dresser (5) comprises trimmer I (25), trimmer II (26), be arranged on the finishing base (28) on grinding carriage (4) and be arranged on the second servomotor (27) in finishing base (28), trimmer I (25) and trimmer II (26) are supported in finishing base (28) by M/V straight line roller guide, second servomotor moves trimmer I (25) and trimmer II (26) by the precise ball screw subband be arranged on finishing base and moves back and forth along the radial direction of emery wheel I (24).
6. a kind of large-scale high-precision gear composite grinding center according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described internal tooth grinding attachment (11) comprises grinding arm (36), torque motor, main shaft II (43), emery wheel II (39) and trimmer III (38), emery wheel II (39) is by electro spindle (40) Direct driver, electro spindle (40) is fixed on pallet (41), torque motor stator (45) is fixed in the bore of grinding arm (36) bottom, torque motor rotor (44) is connected with main shaft II (43), main shaft II (43) is supported in grinding arm (36) by precise rotating platform bearing (42), main shaft II (43) front end is connected with pallet (41), Circular gratings (46) is installed in main shaft II (43) rear end, grinding arm (36) is provided with the 3rd servomotor (37) and precise ball screw pair, 3rd servomotor moves trimmer III (38) by this precise ball screw subband and moves back and forth along the radial direction of emery wheel II (39), grinding arm (36) is connected with support (9) by Precise terminal gear dish pair.
7. a kind of large-scale high-precision gear composite grinding center according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described composite grinding center also comprises rotating cylinder (4-1), revolving bed (4-2), main shaft III (4-3), for locate grinding carriage angle of revolution several clamp systems (4-8) and in grinding carriage revolution by several unloading mechanisms (4-9) of the outside pushing tow grinding carriage in the front end face bottom of revolving bed, described revolving bed (4-2) is arranged on the first column, main shaft III (4-3) is fixed on revolving bed (4-2), rotating cylinder (4-1) by bearings on main shaft III (4-3), the rear end face of grinding carriage (4) is connected with rotating cylinder (4-1), the front end face of revolving bed (4-2) is relative with the rear end face of grinding carriage (4) and form rail plate pair.
8. a kind of large-scale high-precision gear composite grinding center according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described first lathe bed and the second lathe bed adopt rigid frame rack and panel construction, first and the second pre-buried temperature sensor in lathe bed warm key point place also installs cooling system, and described composite grinding center is covered with totally enclosed type protected enclosure (10).
9. a kind of large-scale high-precision gear composite grinding center according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described first and second column adopts the fluid hydrostatic guiderail (12) be arranged on corresponding lathe bed to support, corresponding lathe bed is provided with linear grating chi (14) and for driving the accurate composite filament rod bearing of the rigidity of corresponding column movement and precompressed ball screw (13), precompressed ball screw is supported on the accurate composite filament rod bearing of rigidity.
10. a kind of large-scale high-precision gear composite grinding center according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described composite grinding center also comprises electrostatic and inhales mist system (15), grinding oil cold filtration system (16) and machine tool safety system (17).
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