CN108990743B - Method for promoting crop growth in greenhouse in winter - Google Patents
Method for promoting crop growth in greenhouse in winter Download PDFInfo
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- CN108990743B CN108990743B CN201810784810.9A CN201810784810A CN108990743B CN 108990743 B CN108990743 B CN 108990743B CN 201810784810 A CN201810784810 A CN 201810784810A CN 108990743 B CN108990743 B CN 108990743B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/35—Bulbs; Alliums, e.g. onions or leeks
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/16—Yeasts; Culture media therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for promoting crop growth in a greenhouse in winter, which comprises the steps of filling straw decomposition agent mixed compost raw materials into greenhouse soil for crop planting; the compost raw materials comprise one or more of straws, weeds, fallen leaves, vines, peat, garbage, vegetable garbage and kitchen residues. The method for promoting the growth of the crops in the greenhouse in winter disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the temperature and the content of carbon dioxide in the greenhouse are increased, the greenhouse utilization rate of the crops in winter is favorably improved, and the growth of the crops in the greenhouse is favorably promoted; the yield of crops is improved, the time cost is saved, and the income is increased. The method is simple, easy to operate, safe, environment-friendly, good in repeatability, low in cost and beneficial to wide popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a method for promoting crop growth in a greenhouse in winter.
Background
The growth rate of crops is in direct proportion to the temperature within a certain range, the low temperature often causes the growth of the crops to be stopped, and even the serious crop is damaged by frost or frost injury to cause the death of the crops. In winter, the temperature of the growing environment of crops is usually raised by using the greenhouse when the crops grow at low temperature, so that the utilization rate of the greenhouse is improved when the crops are planted, namely the growth efficiency of the crops and the economic benefit of farmers are improved.
The temperature in the north of the Yangtze river of China is lower than zero in winter, and even if the greenhouse is used for heat preservation cultivation, the temperature in the greenhouse is only 7-8 ℃ higher than the outdoor temperature and is still insufficient for providing enough temperature for crop growth, so that the crop growth speed is slow, and the crop planting yield is reduced. In addition, the low carbon dioxide content in the environment of the crop greenhouse is also a factor influencing the slow growth of crops in winter.
Therefore, those skilled in the art are devoted to develop a method for promoting the growth of crops in a winter greenhouse to improve the utilization rate of the winter greenhouse and the growth rate of the crops in winter.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problems that the existing greenhouse has low temperature of the growing environment of crops in winter and low carbon dioxide content, and is not beneficial to the growth of the crops in the greenhouse.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a method for promoting the growth of crops in a greenhouse in winter, which comprises the steps of filling a mixed composting raw material of a straw decomposition agent into soil of the greenhouse to plant the crops; wherein the compost raw materials comprise one or more of straws, weeds, fallen leaves, vines, peat, garbage, vegetable garbage and kitchen residues.
Furthermore, the method for promoting the crop growth in the greenhouse in winter comprises the steps of filling a certain proportion of straws and straw decomposition agent into greenhouse soil for crop planting; wherein the weight (gram) ratio of the straws to the straw decomposition agent is 5: 1-10: 1;
further, the method for promoting the crop growth in the winter greenhouse comprises the following steps:
step 1: 2-5 ditches are dug in greenhouse soil in winter;
step 2: crushing the straws and the straw decomposing agent, and uniformly mixing the straws and the straw decomposing agent according to the weight (gram) ratio of 5: 1-10: 1;
and step 3: filling the mixture of the straws and the straw decomposing agent in the step 2 into the ditch in the step 1, and leveling the soil surface in the shed after covering soil;
and 4, step 4: and (5) sowing and culturing crops in the greenhouse.
Further, in the step 1, the soil is trenched at the two sides and the middle of the greenhouse;
further, in the step 1, the width of the groove is 70-90 cm, and the depth is 50-70 cm;
further, in the step 2, the straw comprises one or more of corn straw, wheat straw and rice straw;
further, in the step 2, the straw-decomposing agent is obtained by co-fermenting lactic acid bacteria, yeast, anaerobic actinomycetes (Streptococcus spp.), and photosynthetic bacteria (photosynthetic bacteria), cellulolytic bacteria, ligninolytic bacteria, and bacillus subtilis;
further, the straw decomposition agent, the lactic acid bacteria, yeast, anaerobic actinomycetes (Streptococcus spp.), and photosynthetic bacteria (photosynthetic bacteria) are anaerobic fermented;
the cellulose decomposition bacteria, the lignin decomposition bacteria and the bacillus subtilis are used for oxygen-consuming fermentation;
further, in the step 3, the mixture of the straws and the straw decomposing inoculant is filled into the ditch, and the amount of the mixture of the straws and the straw decomposing inoculant used in each square meter of the greenhouse is 15-50 kg;
further, in the step 3, the thickness of the covering soil is 8-12 cm.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 1, the number of the soil ditches is 3, and 1 soil ditches are respectively arranged at two sides and the middle of the greenhouse;
in another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 1, the number of the soil ditches is 4, 1 soil ditch is respectively dug at two sides of the greenhouse, and 2 soil ditches are dug in the middle of the greenhouse;
in another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 1, the number of the soil ditches is 2, and 1 soil ditch is respectively arranged on each of two sides of the greenhouse;
in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step 1, the width of the groove is 70 cm;
in another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step 1, the width of the groove is 80 cm;
in another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step 1, the width of the groove is 90 cm;
in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step 1, the trench depth is 50 cm;
in another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step 1, the trench depth is 60 cm;
in another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step 1, the trench depth is 70 cm;
in a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step 2, the weight (gram) ratio of the straws to the straw-decomposing inoculant is 5: 1;
in another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step 2, the weight (g) ratio of the straw and the straw-decomposing inoculant is 6: 1;
in another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step 2, the weight (g) ratio of the straw and the straw-decomposing inoculant is 8: 1;
in another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step 2, the weight (g) ratio of the straw and the straw-decomposing inoculant is 9: 1;
in another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step 2, the weight (g) ratio of the straw and the straw-decomposing inoculant is 10: 1;
in a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step 3, the straw and straw decomposition agent mixture is filled into the ditch, and the amount of the straw and straw decomposition agent mixture used per square meter of the greenhouse is 15 kg;
in another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step 3, the straw and straw-decomposing inoculant mixture is filled into the ditch, and the amount of the straw and straw-decomposing inoculant mixture used per square meter of the greenhouse is 20 kg;
in another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step 3, the straw and straw-decomposing inoculant mixture is filled into the ditch, and the amount of the straw and straw-decomposing inoculant mixture used per square meter of the greenhouse is 30 kg;
in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step 3, the thickness of the casing soil is 8 cm;
in another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step 3, the thickness of the casing is 9 cm;
in another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step 3, the thickness of the casing soil is 10 cm;
in another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step 3, the thickness of the casing soil is 11 cm;
in another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step 3, the thickness of the casing soil is 12 cm;
by adopting the scheme, the method for promoting the crop growth in the greenhouse in winter disclosed by the invention has the following advantages:
(1) according to the method for promoting crop growth in the greenhouse in winter, the amount of the straw embedded raw materials and the straw decomposition agent in the greenhouse soil is optimized by adjusting the mixing ratio of the straw and the straw decomposition agent in the straw composting process, heat generated by microbial fermentation is effectively utilized in the greenhouse in winter, the temperature in the greenhouse is increased, and the content of carbon dioxide is increased, compared with the greenhouse without the method, the soil ground temperature in the greenhouse in winter using the method is increased by 4-5 ℃, the environment temperature in the greenhouse is averagely increased by 3-4 ℃, the concentration of the carbon dioxide in the greenhouse is increased by 30-50%, the utilization rate of the greenhouse in winter crops is increased, and the growth of the crops in the greenhouse is promoted; the crop growth cycle in the greenhouse using the method of the invention is shortened by 15-20%, the crop yield is improved, the time cost is saved, and the income is increased;
(2) the method for promoting the growth of the crops in the greenhouse in winter is carried out simultaneously in the fertilization stage before the planting of the crops, does not need extra reserved time, is simple to operate and low in cost, and is beneficial to wide popularization and application.
In conclusion, the method for promoting the growth of the crops in the greenhouse in winter disclosed by the invention improves the temperature and the content of carbon dioxide in the greenhouse, is favorable for improving the greenhouse utilization rate of the crops in winter and promoting the growth of the crops in the greenhouse; the yield of crops is improved, the time cost is saved, and the income is increased. The method is simple, easy to operate, safe, environment-friendly, good in repeatability, low in cost and beneficial to wide popularization and application.
The conception, the specific technical solution and the technical effects of the present invention will be further described by the following embodiments to fully understand the objects, the features and the effects of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes several preferred embodiments of the present invention to make the technical contents thereof clearer and easier to understand. The invention may be embodied in many different forms of embodiments, which are intended to be illustrative only, and the scope of the invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein.
If there is an experimental method not specified specific conditions, it is usually carried out according to conventional conditions, such as the relevant instructions or manuals.
Examples 1,
Selecting two greenhouses at Shanghai Ainiweinong product professional cooperative, wherein each greenhouse is 320 square meters, and the test time is 1-2 months in 2017;
the lowest temperature of the Shanghai air temperature is 1 ℃ in 1 month, the highest temperature is 8 ℃, and the two greenhouses are divided into a control group and a test group after being respectively applied with 800 kg of organic fertilizer for land preparation;
ditching 3 strips on two sides and the middle of the treatment group greenhouse by using a small excavator, and respectively ditching 1 strip on two sides and the middle of the greenhouse; the width of the ditch is 80cm, the depth is 60cm, 5 tons of mixture of the crushed corn straws, the crushed wheat straws and the straw decomposing agent with the weight ratio of 10:1 are filled, then 10cm of soil is covered, and the soil surface in the shed is leveled after the soil is covered;
the preparation method of the stalk decomposition agent comprises the following steps: carrying out anaerobic fermentation on lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, anaerobic actinomycetes (Streptococcus spp.) and photosynthetic bacteria (photosynthetic bacteria) on a culture medium to obtain a first fermentation product, carrying out oxygen-consuming fermentation on cellulose decomposition bacteria, lignin decomposition bacteria and bacillus subtilis on the culture medium to obtain a second fermentation product, mixing the first fermentation product and the second fermentation product according to the weight (gram) ratio of the first fermentation product to the second fermentation product of 1-3: 0.5-1.5, and adjusting the water amount to 25-40% by weight for carrying out oxygen-consuming fermentation to obtain a straw decomposition agent product;
the control group adopts a farm routine production mode, ditches are made to bed, and the soil surface in the shed is leveled;
c, planting the Chinese little greens in the greenhouses of the test group and the control group, wherein the seed consumption of each greenhouse is 250g, the sowing modes are consistent, and the management is routinely carried out in the farm mode in the later period;
the planted Chinese little greens are managed conventionally, the related parameters of temperature, carbon dioxide content, harvesting time, yield and the like in the greenhouses of the control group and the test group are tracked and recorded, the results are shown in table 1,
the data in table 1 show that the harvesting time of the salsola gallinae in the greenhouse of the test group is advanced by 10 days compared with the control group, and the yield is 12% higher than that of the control group;
the average maximum temperature and the minimum temperature in the greenhouse compared with the control group are respectively 15.3 ℃ and 6.7 ℃, the average maximum temperature and the minimum temperature in the greenhouse of the test group respectively reach 18.5 ℃ and 10.4 ℃, and the average temperature in the greenhouse compared with the control group is 3.2-3.7 ℃;
compared with the control group, the temperature of the soil in the greenhouse is 8.2 ℃, the temperature of the soil in the greenhouse of the test group is 12.8 ℃, and the temperature is obviously higher than that of the control group;
compared with the carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse of the control group of 435ppm, the carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse of the test group added with the straws and the straw decomposition agent is 581ppm, which is 33.6% higher than that of the control group;
the method for promoting the growth of the crops in the greenhouse improves the environmental temperature, the soil temperature and the content of environmental carbon dioxide in the greenhouse, shortens the harvesting period of the Chinese little greens in the greenhouse by 18 percent, improves the yield of the Chinese little greens in the greenhouse by 12 percent, and effectively promotes the growth of the Chinese little greens in the greenhouse.
TABLE 1
Example 2:
selecting two greenhouses with the same area in the Hebei plain area, wherein each greenhouse is 200 square meters, and the test time is 1 month in 2017;
in 1 month, the lowest temperature of Hebei is 13 ℃ below zero, the highest temperature is 0 ℃, and the two greenhouses are respectively applied with 600 kg of organic fertilizer to prepare soil and then are divided into a control group and a test group;
2 ditches are dug on two sides of the test group greenhouse by a small excavator, and 1 ditch is dug on each side of the greenhouse; the width of the ditch is 90cm, the depth is 70cm, 6 tons of the mixture of the crushed rice straws and the straw decomposing agent with the weight ratio of 5:1 are filled, then soil is covered for 12cm, and the soil surface in the shed is leveled after the soil is covered;
the straw decomposition agent prepared in the example 1 is adopted;
the control group adopts a farm routine production mode, ditches are made to bed, and the soil surface in the shed is leveled;
planting Chinese chives in greenhouses of the test group and the control group, wherein the seed consumption of each greenhouse is 160g, the sowing modes are consistent, and the later period is routinely managed according to a farm mode;
the conventional management is carried out on the planted leeks, the related parameters of temperature, carbon dioxide content, harvesting time, yield and the like in the greenhouses of the control group and the test group are tracked and recorded, the results are shown in table 2,
TABLE 2
The data in table 2 show that the harvesting time of the leeks in the greenhouse of the test group is advanced by 14 days compared with the control group, and the yield is 27% higher than that of the control group;
the average maximum temperature and the minimum temperature in the greenhouse of the test group are respectively 8.5 ℃ and 3.8 ℃ compared with the average maximum temperature and the minimum temperature in the greenhouse of the control group, the average maximum temperature and the minimum temperature in the greenhouse of the test group respectively reach 13.5 ℃ and 9.6 ℃, and the average temperature in the greenhouse of the control group is 5-5.8 ℃ higher than the average temperature in the greenhouse of the control group;
compared with the control group, the temperature of the soil in the greenhouse is 6.3 ℃, the temperature of the soil in the greenhouse of the test group is 11.8 ℃, and the temperature is obviously higher than that of the control group;
compared with the control group, the carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse is 396ppm, the carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse of the test group which is added with the straw and straw decomposition agent is 523ppm, which is 32% higher than that of the control group;
the method for promoting the growth of the crops in the greenhouse improves the environmental temperature, the soil temperature and the content of environmental carbon dioxide in the greenhouse, shortens the harvesting period of the Chinese chive crops in the greenhouse by 23 percent, improves the yield of the Chinese chive crops in the greenhouse by 27 percent, and effectively promotes the growth of the Chinese chive crops in the greenhouse.
In summary, the embodiments show that the method for promoting crop growth in a greenhouse of the embodiments of the present invention improves the environmental temperature, soil temperature and environmental carbon dioxide content in the greenhouse, shortens the harvesting period of crops in the greenhouse, improves the yield of crops in the greenhouse by 27%, effectively promotes the growth of crops in the greenhouse, saves time and cost, and increases income.
The parameters of the experimental group in example 1 were replaced by: the number of the grooves is 4, and the width of the grooves is 70 cm. The depth is 50cm, the ratio of the straw to the straw decomposing agent is 8:1, the soil is covered by 8cm, and the beneficial effects on the growth condition of crops planted in the greenhouse are similar to those of the embodiment 1;
the parameters of the experimental group in example 1 were replaced by: the number of the grooves is 5, and the width of the grooves is 90 cm. The depth is 70cm, the ratio of the straw to the straw decomposing agent is 6:1, the soil is covered by 9cm, and the beneficial effect on the growth condition of crops planted in the greenhouse is similar to that of the embodiment 1.
The technical scheme of other embodiments of the invention also has similar beneficial effects as described above.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for promoting crop growth in a greenhouse in winter is characterized by comprising the steps of filling straw decomposition agent mixed with straws into greenhouse soil for crop planting; the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: 2-5 ditches are dug in greenhouse soil in winter;
step 2: crushing the straws and the straw decomposing agent, and uniformly mixing the straws and the straw decomposing agent according to the weight ratio of 5: 1-10: 1;
and step 3: filling the mixture of the straws and the straw decomposing agent in the step 2 into the ditch in the step 1, and leveling the soil surface in the shed after covering soil;
and 4, step 4: seeding and culturing crops in a greenhouse;
the preparation method of the straw decomposition agent comprises the following steps:
carrying out anaerobic fermentation on lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, anaerobic actinomycetes and photosynthetic bacteria on a culture medium to obtain a first fermentation product, carrying out oxygen-consuming fermentation on cellulose decomposition bacteria, lignin decomposition bacteria and bacillus subtilis on the culture medium to obtain a second fermentation product, mixing the first fermentation product and the second fermentation product according to the weight ratio of the first fermentation product to the second fermentation product of 1-3: 0.5-1.5, and adjusting the water amount to 25-40% by weight for oxygen-consuming fermentation to obtain the straw decomposition agent.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in step 1,
the soil ditching is carried out on two sides and the middle of the greenhouse;
the width of the groove is 70-90 cm, and the depth of the groove is 50-70 cm.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 2, the straw comprises one or more of corn stover, wheat straw, and rice straw.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in the step 3,
the mixture of the straw and the straw decomposing inoculant is filled into the ditch, and the amount of the mixture of the straw and the straw decomposing inoculant used in each square meter of the greenhouse is 15-50 kg.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in the step 3,
the thickness of the covering soil is 8-12 cm.
6. The method of claim 1,
in the step 1, the number of the soil ditches is 3, and 1 soil ditch is respectively arranged on two sides and in the middle of the greenhouse; the width of the groove is 80 cm; the depth of the groove is 60 cm;
in the step 2, the weight ratio of the straws to the straw decomposing inoculant is 10: 1;
in the step 3, the mixture of the straws and the straw decomposing inoculant is filled into the ditch, and the amount of the mixture of the straws and the straw decomposing inoculant used in each square meter of the greenhouse is 15-30 kg; the thickness of the covering soil is 10 cm.
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