CN108978575A - Burst drilling method on a kind of homogeneous stickiness earth dam for emergency flood fighting rehearsal unrestrained top - Google Patents
Burst drilling method on a kind of homogeneous stickiness earth dam for emergency flood fighting rehearsal unrestrained top Download PDFInfo
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- CN108978575A CN108978575A CN201810784257.9A CN201810784257A CN108978575A CN 108978575 A CN108978575 A CN 108978575A CN 201810784257 A CN201810784257 A CN 201810784257A CN 108978575 A CN108978575 A CN 108978575A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
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Abstract
It is overflow the invention discloses a kind of homogeneous stickiness earth dam for emergency flood fighting rehearsal and pushes up the drilling method that bursts.Based on a set of dam break model, including earth dam ontology made of being filled as cohesive soil, the earth dam ontology include upstream dam abutment, dam crest and downstream dam abutment, are equipped with the regulating gate for water level to be adjusted in model upstream；It is equipped with cavity layer in the downstream dam abutment bottom of earth dam ontology, fills silty sand ground in cavity layer.Burst model and its drilling method on a kind of homogeneous stickiness earth dam for the motor-driven rehearsal of speedily carrying out rescue work of flood control of the present invention unrestrained top, dam break section innovative design, realize the dam break simulation of " want to burst and just burst " under the conditions of low speed water, the technological difficulties for " wanting to burst " when solving previous model test, especially suitable for the displaying of water and soil coupling during the announcement and dam break of cohesive soil dam breaking mechanism under unrestrained top flow action, while being also equipped with the function that the professional contingent that speedily carries out rescue work motor-driven to flood control carries out the training of dam break disaster.
Description
Technical field
It is overflow the present invention relates to a kind of homogeneous stickiness earth dam for emergency flood fighting rehearsal and pushes up the drilling method that bursts, belong to homogeneous
Stickiness earth dam test theory technical field.
Background technique
National water conservancy census data shows that China is completed nearly 100,000 of reservoir dam, wherein homogeneous earth dam 90,000 for the first time
Or more, and China's reservoir engineering was built mostly 50~seventies of 20th century, was limited by economic technology condition at that time, dam construction
Bidding is quasi- low, of poor quality.In addition the long-term insufficient investment of management fund, maintenance is not in place, and engineering aging is in bad repair serious, " first
It is insufficient, lacks of proper care after one's birth " cause China's dangerously weak reseroirs largely to exist.According to Ministry of Water Resources of China Dam Safety Control center reconnaissance information
Statistics, so far from 1954, China has more than 3500 reservoir dams to burst, and 95% or more is homogeneous in the dam that bursts
Dam.It is therefore desirable to disclose the unrestrained top of homogeneous earth dam to burst mechanism, effective technological means is provided to prevent and reduce natural disasters.It is domestic at present
Carry out a large amount of dam break model test outside, but there are following main problems:
(1) model test material generally uses sand to substitute cohesive soil.Since homogeneous dam is generally made of cohesive soil, and stick
Property soil anti-erosion property it is stronger, for start velocity generally in 2m/s or so, small scaled model test, which is difficult to have, makes it burst
Hydraulics, it is about the sand substitution of cohesive soil 1/100, but sand dam breaking that current model test, which mostly uses start velocity,
Form shows as failure by shear, and cohesive soil dam breaking form shows as Inclining destruction, and the mechanism of bursting of the two is entirely different.
(2) model scale is larger, and experimentation cost is higher.Stickiness earth dam can be preferably disclosed than ruler entity dam dam-break experiments greatly
Mechanism of bursting, but generally be difficult to search out suitable test site, and testing expenses are high, take a long time, while with dam
The risk of high increase, test is also larger.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above technical problems, the present invention is based on " steep bank " Erosion Mechanisms of homogeneous stickiness earth dam, and fully consider glutinous
Property soil physico mechanical characteristic, propose that a kind of unrestrained top of homogeneous stickiness earth dam is burst the model and its test method of process.For fast
The unrestrained top of speed simulation homogeneous stickiness earth dam is burst process, is taken off especially suitable for cohesive soil dam breaking mechanism under unrestrained top flow action
Show and dam break during water and soil coupling displaying, while be also equipped with it is motor-driven to flood control speedily carry out rescue work professional contingent carry out dam break disaster
The real function of training.
In order to achieve the above technical purposes, the present invention uses following specific technical solution:
A kind of earth dam for the motor-driven rehearsal of speedily carrying out rescue work of flood control is unrestrained to push up the drilling method that bursts, and is based on a set of dam break model, model
Including earth dam ontology made of being filled as cohesive soil, the earth dam ontology includes upstream dam abutment, dam crest and downstream dam abutment, in model
Upstream is equipped with the regulating gate for water level to be adjusted；
It is equipped with cavity layer in the downstream dam abutment bottom of earth dam ontology, fills silty sand ground in cavity layer,
Including the following steps:
Step 1, filled in cohesive soil made of earth dam ontology downstream dam abutment bottom excavate the cavity layer；
Step 2 fills flour sand in the cavity layer, until cavity layer is filled up；
Step 3 starts unrestrained top test, is controlled flow rate of water flow in 0-2m/s, overtopping water stage and dam crest by regulating gate
The difference in height of height is not less than 10cm；
Step 4 overflows heights of roofs when water level reaches predetermined, and under unrestrained top current scour effect, dam body erosion is first from downstream
Dam abutment starts, and dam body bottom is switched under crevasse is rapid, and adjoint side wall collapses extending transversely with crevasse during incision, and crevasse exists
During incision, water flow rapidly develops to upstream dam abutment the erosion of dam body from downstream dam body, then develops again from upstream dam abutment
Flour sand to dam body bottom, downstream dam abutment bottom is taken away by current scour first, and then downstream monolith occurs along water (flow) direction
Dumpage type destroys, and with the increase of flow rate of water flow behind unrestrained top, crevasse width and depth constantly extend, and transverse direction gradually occurs for earth dam ontology
The extension of Dumpage type destroys, final complete dam break.
The thickness of silty sand ground is determined by following formula:
Following formula must be met when downstream dam abutment bottom unstability occurs:
Ws+(h-Tv)αHwγw-(h-Tv) C=0
In formula, WsVacantly locate cohesive soil soil block quality for downstream dam abutment bottom, h is height of dam, TvFor downstream dam abutment bottom flour sand
Thickness degree, C are cohesive soil cohesion, HwFor the unrestrained top overcurrent depth of water, γwFor water body bulk density, α is downstream dam abutment slope ratio；γsFor
Soil body bulk density.
The earth dam ontology is equipped with crevasse, and the crevasse is the upper opening through slot being arranged on dam crest, the through slot
Connect upstream dam abutment and downstream dam abutment.
The section of the through slot is in inverted trapezoidal.
The earth dam body interior is equipped with the trigger unit for accelerating the dam break of earth dam ontology.
The trigger unit is several stones arranged in earth dam body interior.
The trigger unit is several ballonets arranged in earth dam body interior.
The slope ratio of the upstream dam abutment is 1:1.5.
The slope ratio of the downstream dam abutment is 1:2.
The utility model has the advantages that
Invention is overflow for the earth dam of the motor-driven rehearsal of speedily carrying out rescue work of flood control pushes up the drilling method that bursts, and has the following characteristics that
(1) dam break section innovative design is realized the dam break simulation of " want to burst and just burst " under the conditions of low speed water, is solved
The technological difficulties for " wanting to burst " when previous model test.
(2) dam-break experiments process safety is controllable, it is ensured that field personnel's safety when model test.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the unrestrained model downstream side slope of bursting of pushing up of earth dam of the present invention simplifies stress diagram；
Fig. 2 is the unrestrained sectional schematic diagram for pushing up the model that bursts of earth dam of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the unrestrained perspective view for pushing up the model that bursts of earth dam of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the schematic cross-section of conduit；
Wherein, 1 is cohesive soil；2 be flour sand；3 be conduit；4 be trigger unit.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification and according to figure embodiment.
The drilling method as shown in Figure 1, a kind of unrestrained top of earth dam for the motor-driven rehearsal of speedily carrying out rescue work of flood control is burst, is based on a set of dam break
Model, dam break model dam break dam body height are 1m, and width at dam crest 0.5m, dam body length 2m, up stream slope ratio can be according to realistic simulation
Situation adjustment, downstream slope ratio 1:2, dam body position are largely filled using cohesive soil, and cohesion is only used at the base of dam of downstream slope
Almost nil flour sand fills.
The determination of silty sand ground thickness:
In view of the higher cohesion characteristic of cohesive soil, at unrestrained top dam break initial stage, generally can be assumed that native in addition to the slope foot of downstream
Dam overall structure keeps complete.Since unrestrained top water flow can apply pressure to downstream side slope, downstream side slope simplifies stress signal at this time
Figure is as shown in Figure 1:
Following formula must be met when downstream slope foot unstability occurs:
Ws+(h-Tv)αHwγw-(h-Tv) C=0
In formula, WsVacantly locate soil block quality for downstream base of dam, h is height of dam, TvFor silty sand ground thickness at the base of dam of downstream, C is soil
Body cohesion, HwFor the unrestrained top overcurrent depth of water, γwFor water body bulk density, α is downstream side slope ratio.
Therefore, the thickness of the silty sand ground at the base of dam of downstream can be determined by following formula:
Wherein γsFor soil body bulk density.
The dam crest is equipped with the through slot of connection upstream dam abutment and downstream dam abutment, and through slot depth is 10cm.
To prevent that unrestrained top occurs when test does not start, while while facilitating test, adjusts water level, upstream design regulating gate.
Including the following steps:
Step 1, filled in cohesive soil made of earth dam ontology downstream dam abutment bottom excavate the cavity layer；
Step 2 fills flour sand in the cavity layer, until cavity layer is filled up；
Step 3 starts unrestrained top test, is controlled flow rate of water flow in 0-2m/s, overtopping water stage and dam crest by regulating gate
The difference in height of height is not less than 10cm；
Step 4 overflows heights of roofs when water level reaches predetermined, and under unrestrained top current scour effect, dam body erosion is first from downstream
Dam abutment starts, and dam body bottom is switched under crevasse is rapid, and adjoint side wall collapses extending transversely with crevasse during incision, and crevasse exists
During incision, water flow rapidly develops to upstream dam abutment the erosion of dam body from downstream dam body, then develops again from upstream dam abutment
Flour sand to dam body bottom, downstream dam abutment bottom is taken away by current scour first, and then downstream monolith occurs along water (flow) direction
Dumpage type destroys, and with the increase of flow rate of water flow behind unrestrained top, crevasse width and depth constantly extend, and transverse direction gradually occurs for earth dam ontology
The extension of Dumpage type destroys, final complete dam break.
As shown in Figure 2 to 4, further, in order to accelerate the time of dam break generation and increase the verisimilitude of rehearsal effect,
The earth dam ontology as dam break model is equipped with crevasse, and the crevasse is the upper opening through slot being arranged on dam crest, leads to
Slot connects upstream dam abutment and downstream dam abutment.Further, the cross sectional shape of crevasse is in inverted trapezoidal, inverted trapezoidal section discharge area
Greatly, section is stablized.
We have done 4 groups of different comparative tests of viscosity, are shown in Table 1
1 field test major parameter of table
From the dam-break experiments Comparative result of upper table, it can be concluded that, the drag velocity of dam body is glued by cohesive soil in earth dam ontology
Angle value influences maximum.
In order to which further more really simulation reality, the earth dam body interior are equipped with quickening earth dam ontology dam break
Trigger unit.As one embodiment of trigger unit, the trigger unit is several to arrange in earth dam body interior
A stone.As second embodiment of trigger unit, the trigger unit is that several that arrange in earth dam body interior are small
Air bag.After the intrinsic above-mentioned trigger unit of earth dam is washed away, trigger unit is that the soil around driving is flushed away together, from
And the dam break speed of earth dam ontology can be further speeded up.
Claims (9)
1. burst drilling method on a kind of earth dam for the motor-driven rehearsal of speedily carrying out rescue work of flood control unrestrained top, which is characterized in that be based on a set of dam break
Model, model include earth dam ontology made of being filled as cohesive soil, and the earth dam ontology includes upstream dam abutment, dam crest and downstream dam
Shoulder is equipped with the regulating gate for water level to be adjusted in model upstream；
It is equipped with cavity layer in the downstream dam abutment bottom of earth dam ontology, fills silty sand ground in cavity layer,
Including the following steps:
Step 1, filled in cohesive soil made of earth dam ontology downstream dam abutment bottom excavate the cavity layer；
Step 2 fills flour sand in the cavity layer, until cavity layer is filled up；
Step 3 starts unrestrained top test, is controlled flow rate of water flow in 0-2m/s, overtopping water stage and dam crest height by regulating gate
Difference in height be not less than 10cm；
Step 4 overflows heights of roofs when water level reaches predetermined, and under unrestrained top current scour effect, dam body erosion is first from downstream dam abutment
Start, dam body bottom is switched under crevasse is rapid, adjoint side wall collapses extending transversely with crevasse during incision, and crevasse is in incision
In the process, water flow rapidly develops to upstream dam abutment the erosion of dam body from downstream dam body, and then from upstream, dam abutment develops to dam again
The flour sand of body bottom, downstream dam abutment bottom is taken away by current scour first, and then toppling over along water (flow) direction occurs for downstream monolith
Formula is destroyed, and with the increase of flow rate of water flow behind unrestrained top, crevasse width and depth constantly extend, and earth dam ontology gradually occurs laterally to topple over
The extension of formula destroys, final complete dam break.
2. burst drilling method on the earth dam according to claim 1 for the motor-driven rehearsal of speedily carrying out rescue work of flood control unrestrained top, feature exists
In the thickness of silty sand ground is determined by following formula:
Following formula must be met when downstream dam abutment bottom unstability occurs:
Ws+(h-Tv)αHwγw-(h-Tv) C=0
In formula, WsVacantly locate cohesive soil soil block quality for downstream dam abutment bottom, h is height of dam, TvFor downstream dam abutment bottom flour sand thickness
Degree, C are cohesive soil cohesion, HwFor the unrestrained top overcurrent depth of water, γwFor water body bulk density, α is downstream dam abutment slope ratio；γsFor the soil body
Bulk density.
3. burst drilling method on the earth dam according to claim 1 for the motor-driven rehearsal of speedily carrying out rescue work of flood control unrestrained top, feature exists
In the earth dam ontology is equipped with crevasse, and the crevasse is the upper opening through slot being arranged on dam crest, in the through slot connection
Swim dam abutment and downstream dam abutment.
4. burst drilling method on the earth dam according to claim 3 for the motor-driven rehearsal of speedily carrying out rescue work of flood control unrestrained top, feature exists
In the section of the through slot is in inverted trapezoidal.
5. burst drilling method on the earth dam according to claim 1 for the motor-driven rehearsal of speedily carrying out rescue work of flood control unrestrained top, feature exists
In the earth dam body interior is equipped with the trigger unit for accelerating the dam break of earth dam ontology.
6. burst drilling method on the earth dam according to claim 5 for the motor-driven rehearsal of speedily carrying out rescue work of flood control unrestrained top, feature exists
In the trigger unit is several stones arranged in earth dam body interior.
7. burst drilling method on the earth dam according to claim 5 for the motor-driven rehearsal of speedily carrying out rescue work of flood control unrestrained top, feature exists
In the trigger unit is several ballonets arranged in earth dam body interior.
8. burst drilling method on the earth dam according to claim 1 for the motor-driven rehearsal of speedily carrying out rescue work of flood control unrestrained top, feature exists
In the slope ratio of the upstream dam abutment is 1:1.5.
9. burst drilling method on the earth dam according to claim 1 for the motor-driven rehearsal of speedily carrying out rescue work of flood control unrestrained top, feature exists
In the slope ratio of the downstream dam abutment is 1:2.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN108774994A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-11-09 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Burst model on a kind of homogeneous stickiness earth dam for emergency flood fighting rehearsal unrestrained top |
| CN112945595A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-06-11 | 西安理工大学 | Test equipment and test method for silt dam bursting process |
| CN112964587A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-06-15 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Centrifugal model test device and method for simulating dam break of concrete panel dam |
| CN114120590A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-03-01 | 四川农业大学 | Damming dam burst risk grading and early warning method based on different burst modes |
| CN116168598A (en) * | 2023-02-17 | 2023-05-26 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Physical simulation model for barrier lake burst whole process |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108774994A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-11-09 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Burst model on a kind of homogeneous stickiness earth dam for emergency flood fighting rehearsal unrestrained top |
| CN108774994B (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2024-03-15 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Homogeneous viscous earth dam overtopping and breaking model for flood prevention emergency exercise |
| CN112945595A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-06-11 | 西安理工大学 | Test equipment and test method for silt dam bursting process |
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| CN112964587A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-06-15 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Centrifugal model test device and method for simulating dam break of concrete panel dam |
| CN112964587B (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-09-10 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Centrifugal model test device and method for simulating dam break of concrete panel dam |
| CN114120590A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-03-01 | 四川农业大学 | Damming dam burst risk grading and early warning method based on different burst modes |
| CN116168598A (en) * | 2023-02-17 | 2023-05-26 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Physical simulation model for barrier lake burst whole process |
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