CN106368165B - The dykes and dams seepage failure simulation test device of defect containing top and its construction method - Google Patents
The dykes and dams seepage failure simulation test device of defect containing top and its construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106368165B CN106368165B CN201610950543.9A CN201610950543A CN106368165B CN 106368165 B CN106368165 B CN 106368165B CN 201610950543 A CN201610950543 A CN 201610950543A CN 106368165 B CN106368165 B CN 106368165B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of dykes and dams seepage failure simulation test device of defect containing top and its construction method, which includes model slot and the dam model to set within it, and the top of dam model is equipped with the simulation ant road of arch；Simulation ant road of the dam model at the dam slope of downstream is nearby set there are one spheric region, and the top of model slot is equipped with sprinkler；Simulation ant road is nearby embedded with multigroup monitoring sensor in dam model.The construction method of the device is：Soil sample is made in clay first, the tubule of arch is buried on dam model top, fill soil sample it is supreme go out tubule after tamp, then tubule periphery soil sample is excavated for spherical shape, again backfilling the soil sample excavated makes the argillic horizon of spheric region more loose closer to the tubule, pre-buried tubule generation simulation ant road is extracted after the completion of filling, multigroup monitoring sensor is set along journey in simulation ant road.The present invention can be used for research homogeneous dykes and dams top defect predominant current effect and its induce seepage failure cause calamity mechanism.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of dykes and dams seepage failure simulation test device of defect containing top and its construction methods, belong to reservoir
Dykes and dams protection technology field.
Background technology
According to statistics, it 80.53% is homogeneous earth dam that China, which bursts in dam, and height of dam<30m's accounts for 88%, and wherein, engineering matter
Amount problem, aging be in bad repair and biological infestation hidden danger defect etc. causes earth and rockfill dam to burst and accounts for 40%.As after the ditch of Qinghai reservoir dam because
Storehouse water immerses the extremely strong pervious bed of dykes and dams top upstream and downstream perforation, and seepage failure is caused to burst；Four Sichuan Roads ditch-water storehouse are equal
Matter earth dam also because storehouse water rise suddenly away from 1/3 height of dam of dam crest because termite cave trigger dykes and dams seepage failure burst.Top hidden danger
The harm of defect is that its daily inspection and instrument monitoring are not noticeable, but it is infiltrated in the presence of for the storehouse water under high reservoir level
Passage is opened, easily causes concentration seepage failure, induced landslide even dam break.
Ancients say " ant cause harm, hidden danger difficulty is examined ", " a solid dyke can collapse because of an ant hole in it ".The especially big flood in the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River in 1998
Just trigger river levee piping in water, only Hubei Province, dissipate at the dangerous situations 6181 such as leaching, through verification, 80% dangerous situation hidden danger is that termite ant road is made
Into.Ant road is arch form, and bore is filled from dyke upstream batter ant road into suitable up to 10cm or so, bottom width up to 8cm or so, river water
Ant road goes out ease from downstream slope, is formed and dissipates the dangerous situations such as leaching, piping, landslide or even lead to the accident of breaching a dyke.
Model investigation has the advantages that environment, boundary condition are various, easy to operate, repeatability is high, it has also become water
Storehouse dam, River Embankment accident mechanism study important means.Usually, the concentration seepage flow of hidden danger defect inducing, performance
Go out uneven predominant current effect, and then cause seepage field of embankments that significant change in time and space occurs；However, traditional experiment and research or
For meet the steady seepage of Dacy seepage flow laws or be non-equilibrium seepage flow qualitative test, it is difficult to reflect the reality of the dykes and dams containing defect
Border observed seepage behavior and its evolution, Catastrophe Process.
The content of the invention
The invention solves technical problems to be：There is provided it is a kind of for study homogeneous dykes and dams top defect predominant current effect and its
The dykes and dams seepage failure experimental rig of defect containing top and its construction method that seepage failure causes calamity mechanism are induced, so as to disclose
The predominant current effect of homogeneous dykes and dams, seepage field spatial-temporal evolution pattern and seepage failure mechanism under defect containing top.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, one of technical solution proposed by the present invention is：A kind of dykes and dams of defect containing top ooze
Saturating crash simulation experimental rig including model slot made of transparent organic glass and is arranged in the model slot and using viscous
Dam model made of soil layer, the dam model and dykes and dams to be simulated are scaled；The dam model is included successively
Connected storehouse disk, upstream dam slope, dam crest and downstream dam slope, the top of the dam model are equipped with perforation dykes and dams upstream dam slope under
The simulation ant road of dam slope is swum, the dam model is equipped with the weakness zone for surrounding simulation ant road, the argillic horizon of the weakness zone
It is more loose closer to the simulation ant road；The section in the simulation ant road is domed, and bore is less than 10 centimetres, and bottom width is less than 8 lis
Rice；The simulation ant road that the dam model is located at the dam slope of downstream is nearby set there are one spheric region, the spheric region
Argillic horizon is more loose closer to the simulation ant road, and the argillic horizon of the spheric region is also thinner compared with the argillic horizon of weakness zone
Pine；The top of the model slot is equipped with sprinkler, and the model slot is equipped with to discharge the draining of downstream dam slope ponding
Pipe, the drainpipe are higher than downstream dam slope slope foot；Simulation ant road is nearby embedded with multigroup monitoring sensor in the dam model,
Every group of monitoring sensor includes a matric suction sensor, a Water Content Tests in Soil Samples sensor and a pore water pressure sensing
Device.
The experimental rig of the present invention can simulate the infiltration that dam body defect predominant current effect triggers under complicated hydraulics and break
It is bad, by setting the simulation ant road of arch on dam model top so as to form top defect, when in use, by transparent organic
Glass molds type groove can real-time monitored experiment dam body model dimensional deformation situation, sprinkler can control by predetermined reservoir level
Condition controls the uphill process of reservoir level by rainfall intensity, and monitoring sensor group can monitor in real time inside dam body and defect office
Portion's soil sample volumetric water content, matric suction, pore water pressure variation and hydraulic gradient distribution characteristics.Wherein dam model presses original state
Native density and moisture content fill, and top defect is laid to be formed by the scope and orientation of setting in setting position according to test requirements document,
And in the widened weakness zone of local setting, so as to more realistically simulate ant road, more accurately reflect that ant road goes out ease from downstream slope
Dangerous situations and the accidents such as caused scattered leaching, piping, landslide.
Preferably, the argillic horizon is made of the clay of dykes and dams digging in-situ to be simulated, the granular-grade of the clay
With identical with the grain composition and initial aqueous rate of undisturbed soil with initial aqueous rate.
Being further improved for one of above-mentioned technical proposal be：It is pasted on the inside of the model slot side plate of the dykes and dams downstream
Geotextiles.In this way, when drainpipe discharges downstream dam slope ponding, it can prevent the soil layer of downstream dam slope from taking away loss by current.
The further improvement of one of above-mentioned technical proposal is：Multiple pore water pressures are embedded in the upstream dam slope to pass
Sensor.
Further improve of one of above-mentioned technical proposal be：The top of the downstream dam slope is disposed with camera.Pass through
Camera can record the process of downstream dam slope seepage failure and dimensional deformation, for being referred to during follow-up study.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, technical solution proposed by the present invention second is that：A kind of dykes and dams of defect containing top ooze
The construction method of saturating crash simulation experimental rig, is made soil sample by clay first, made of transparent organic glass in model slot
It is tamped after the basis and bottom of dam model have been filled using the soil sample, the predeterminated position on dam model top buries section and is in
The tubule of arch, bore are less than 10 centimetres, and bottom width is less than 8 centimetres；Continue to fill soil sample it is supreme go out tubule predetermined altitude rear screed
It is real, then excavate tubule periphery soil sample, excavating region close to the expansion of downstream dam slope side this is made to excavate region for spheric region, weight
The soil sample excavated newly is backfilled, but reducing compacting number makes the argillic horizon of spheric region more loose closer to the tubule, continues afterwards
It fills soil sample and tamps to design altitude, make dam model scaled by dykes and dams to be simulated；Pre-buried tubule is finally extracted,
Generation simulation ant road, and generate weakness zone around simulation ant road；During dam model fills, on the edge in simulation ant road
Journey sets multigroup monitoring sensor, and every group of monitoring sensor includes a matric suction sensor, a Water Content Tests in Soil Samples sensing
Device and a pore water pressure sensor.
Preferably, the center elevation in the simulation ant road is at 1/3 height of dam of dam crest.
Preferably, geotextiles are pasted in the inside of the model slot side plate of the dykes and dams downstream.
Preferably, the clay is obtained from dykes and dams digging in-situ to be simulated, and then clay is dried in insulating box, is pressed
Native grain composition and initial aqueous rate prepare soil sample in statu quo.
What the present invention was brought has the beneficial effect that：
1）The present invention is for defect containing top（Simulate ant road）The simulation test of homogeneous dykes and dams seepage failure, by pre-buried
Arch tubule, arch tubule peripheral region backfill after excavating and reduce compacting number, entirety takes out arch tubule after filling and carrys out shape
Into dykes and dams top defect, in order to further improve the probability of seepage failure unstability, the space point of defect is caused with reference to biological infestation
Defect is arranged to be inclined to downstream dam slope certain angle by cloth situation, and around downstream dam slope side locally increase arch
Weakness zone forms spherical widened peripheral weakness zone so that experiment can effectively simulation dam body upstream and downstream penetrability lack
Ant road, main nest etc. caused by falling into weak floor, biological infestation, the dam body of effective simulation predominant current effect and its induction can be stablized
Seepage failure, dam slope instabilty can reveal that predominant current effect, the seepage field spatial-temporal evolution pattern of homogeneous dykes and dams under defect containing top
With seepage failure mechanism, mould is calculated for the overall process for establishing the non-equilibrium seepage flow of the dykes and dams of homogeneous containing defect based on predominant current theory
Type（Scattered leaching-predominant current effect-piping-dam body top collapses and downstream dam slope landslide）Deng there is important value.
2）The present invention is according to accident engineering（Reservoir, four Sichuan Road ditch-water storehouses, middle and lower reach of Yangtze River typical case's dyke after the ditch of Qinghai）,
According to the theory of similarity, configure soil sample, and according to it is described the defects of analog form arrange top defect, it is ensured that the success rate of experiment and
The adaptability of achievement；To improve weak floor head to increase its near zone osmotic pressure, and prevent storehouse water or river water from overflowing top, institute
State about 1/3 height of dam of centre distance dam crest of defect layer；Drainpipe on the right side of the organic glass model slot is slightly above downstream slope
Foot, to simulate behind dam ponding after water level or dike.
3）The present invention is passed by containing highly sensitive matric suction sensor, Water Content Tests in Soil Samples sensor and pore water pressure
Multigroup monitoring sensor such as sensor quantitatively obtains dam hidden danger part-dam body integrally multiple dimensioned observed seepage behavior Parameters variation,
Pore Pressure meter, matric suction meter, volumetric water content meter are encrypted in top defect near zone and arranged, so as to real-time
The seepage flow situation of dam body inside and defect part is grasped, obtains its Evolution.
4）The present invention have many advantages, such as principle is simple, operation is convenient, monitoring fast, can repeatedly utilize, to test serious forgiveness high.
Description of the drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the dykes and dams of defect containing top seepage failure simulation test device in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional view that ant road is simulated in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment one
The present embodiment is related to the dykes and dams seepage failure simulation test device of defect containing top, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the device
Including model slot 1 made of transparent organic glass and it is arranged in model slot 1 and using dam model 12 made of argillic horizon,
Dam model 12 and dykes and dams to be simulated are scaled；Dam model 12 include be sequentially connected storehouse disk AB, upstream dam slope BC,
Dam crest CD and downstream dam slope DE, the top of dam model 12 are equipped with the simulation ant of perforation dykes and dams upstream dam slope CD and downstream dam slope DE
Road 6, dam model 12 are equipped with the weakness zone 7 for surrounding simulation ant road 6, and the argillic horizon of weakness zone 7 is closer to the simulation ant road 6
It is more loose；The section for simulating ant road 6 is domed；The simulation ant road 6 that dam model 12 is located at the dam slope DE of downstream is nearby equipped with one
A spheric region 8, the argillic horizon of the spheric region 8 is more loose closer to the simulation ant road 6, and the clay of the spheric region 8
Argillic horizon of the layer also compared with weakness zone 7 is more loose, so as to form local wide weakness zone, for simulating the main nest in ant road 6.
Model slot 1 is made of the five pieces of poly (methyl methacrylate) plates in front, rear, left and right and bottom plate in the present embodiment, front and rear two pieces of organic glass
Glass plate is identical, thickness 5cm, length 300cm, height 120cm, and the two pieces of poly (methyl methacrylate) plates in left and right are identical, thickness 5cm, length
150cm, height 120cm, plexiglass base plate thickness 5cm, length 300cm, width 160cm；The length of upstream and downstream dam slope BC, DE
Respectively 144cm, slope ratio are 1:The width of 1.5, dam crest CD are 15cm, and the soil sample thickness below dam foundation face is 20cm, simulates ant
6 center position crest elevation of road is 25cm, 6 bottom width 6cm of simulation ant road, the high 2cm in both sides, as local weak enlarged area
8 radius of spheric region be about 7cm.
The top of model slot 1 is equipped with sprinkler 2, and sprinkler 2 includes water feeding tank 3 and by pipeline with supplying water
The nozzle 13 that case 3 connects, break-make is controlled by valve.The pipeline connected between water feeding tank 3 and nozzle 13 is equipped with flowmeter 14
For accurately controlling rainfall, and adjust by pressure pump 15 and valve the intensity of rainfall.
Model slot 1 is equipped with to discharge the drainpipe 4 of downstream dam slope DE ponding, and drainpipe 4 is higher than downstream dam slope slope foot,
Ponding after water level or dike can be simulated behind dam.
Simulation ant road 6 is nearby embedded with multigroup monitoring sensor in dam model 12, and every group of monitoring sensor includes one
11, Water Content Tests in Soil Samples sensors 9 of matric suction sensor and a pore water pressure sensor 10.It is set altogether in the present embodiment
There are ten groups of monitoring sensors, wherein equidistantly burying seven groups of monitoring sensors along journey in simulation ant road 6；In downstream, dam slope DE is along journey etc.
Away from three groups of monitoring sensors of arrangement.In addition, each in the middle part of dam heel, upstream dam slope BC bury 1 pore water pressure sensor 10.
The present embodiment can also make following improve：
1）Argillic horizon is made of the clay of dykes and dams digging in-situ to be simulated, the grain composition of clay and initial aqueous rate
It is identical with the grain composition and initial aqueous rate of undisturbed soil.It so more can truly reflect the true shape of dam body to be simulated
Condition.
2）Geotextiles are pasted on the inside of the model slot side plate of dykes and dams downstream.In this way, when drainpipe discharges downstream dam slope
During ponding, it can prevent the soil layer of downstream dam slope from taking away loss by current.
3）The top of downstream dam slope DE is disposed with camera.Downstream dam slope seepage failure and outer can be recorded by camera
The process of portion's deformation, for being referred to during follow-up study.
The present embodiment by arrangement above can more true simulation contain the dykes and dams of top defect, and simulation can be passed through
Above-mentioned dykes and dams are tested in rainfall.At the trial, can the parameter evolutions of dykes and dams be detected by multigroup monitoring sensor
Process, and can intuitively observe caused by ant road goes out ease from downstream slope and dissipate the dangerous situations such as leaching, piping, landslide, it is provided for follow-up study
Foundation.
The experiment process of the present embodiment is as follows：
1）Water is filled in water feeding tank 3, valve is opened and from meter flowmeter 14, starts pressure pump 15, recording flowmeter
14 reading controls the size of rainfall, until reaching setting rainfall, starts rainfall, recording flowmeter initial value, and opens
The valve 5 of drainpipe 4 excludes the ponding of downstream dam slope DE, when reservoir level reaches 1/3 height of dam, stops rainfall；
2）Interval 30min records 12 miniature pore water pressure sensors, ten Water Content Tests in Soil Samples sensors, ten respectively
The reading of a matric suction sensing, meanwhile, the situation of change of upstream dam slope is persistently recorded by external high-definition camera, until trying
Test end；
3）2d is waited, water is filled in water feeding tank 3, is again started up sprinkler 2, adjust the size of rainfall, rainfall
Intensity, which is maintained at dam slope upstream BC faces and has overland flow always and do not wash away dam slope, to be advisable, the reading of recording flowmeter 14, continues
When rainfall to water level reaches defect access opening top, rainfall intensity is reduced, water level is kept slowly to rise, but is unlikely to unrestrained top；
4）Interval 10min records the reading of each sensor respectively, until seepage failure or the destruction of downstream dam slope landslide occurs
Until, then stop rainfall, record each sensor reading, off-test again.
Embodiment two
The present embodiment is the construction method of the dykes and dams seepage failure simulation test device of defect containing top of embodiment one, first
Soil sample is made in clay, is filling the basis and bottom of dam model made of transparent organic glass in model slot using the soil sample
It is tamped behind portion, the predeterminated position on dam model top buries the domed tubule in section, and bore is less than 10 centimetres, and bottom width is small
In 8 centimetres；Continue to fill soil sample it is supreme go out tubule predetermined altitude after tamp, tubule periphery soil sample is then excavated, close to downstream
Region is excavated in the expansion of dam slope side makes this excavate region for spheric region, backfills the soil sample excavated again, but reduction compacting number makes
The argillic horizon of spheric region is more loose closer to the tubule, continues to fill soil sample afterwards and tamp to design altitude, makes dykes and dams mould
Type is scaled by dykes and dams to be simulated；Finally extract pre-buried tubule, generation simulation ant road, simultaneously as extracting pre-buried tubule
When drive near soil sample activity so as to generating weakness zone around simulation ant road；During dam model fills, in mould
Ni Yi roads set multigroup monitoring sensor along journey, and every group of monitoring sensor includes a matric suction sensor, a soil sample
Moisture sensor and a pore water pressure sensor.
Clay is preferably obtained from dykes and dams digging in-situ to be simulated in the present embodiment, then bakes clay in insulating box
It is dry, and prepare soil sample according to the grain composition and initial aqueous rate of undisturbed soil.
At 1/3 height of dam of center elevation preferred distance dam crest in the simulation ant road, the model slot in the dykes and dams downstream
Paste geotextiles in the inside of side plate.
The present invention is not limited to the specific technical solution described in above-described embodiment, and in addition to the implementation, the present invention may be used also
To there is other embodiment.It is all using equivalent substitution formed technical solution, be the present invention claims protection domain.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of dykes and dams seepage failure simulation test device of defect containing top, it is characterised in that：It is made including transparent organic glass
Model slot and be arranged in the model slot and using dam model made of argillic horizon, the dam model is simulated with waiting
Dykes and dams it is scaled；The dam model includes the storehouse disk, upstream dam slope, dam crest and the downstream dam slope that are sequentially connected, described
The top of dam model is equipped with the simulation ant road of perforation dykes and dams upstream dam slope and downstream dam slope, and the dam model, which is equipped with, surrounds mould
The weakness zone in Ni Yi roads, the argillic horizon of the weakness zone are more loose closer to the simulation ant road；The simulation ant road is cut
Face is domed, and bore is less than 10 centimetres, and bottom width is less than 8 centimetres；The dam model is located at the simulation at the dam slope of downstream
It is set at ant road there are one spheric region, the argillic horizon of the spheric region is more loose closer to the simulation ant road, and the spherical region
The argillic horizon in domain is also more loose compared with the argillic horizon of weakness zone；The top of the model slot is equipped with sprinkler, the model
Slot is equipped with to discharge the drainpipe of downstream dam slope ponding, and the drainpipe is higher than downstream dam slope slope foot；The dam model
Interior simulation ant road is nearby embedded with multigroup monitoring sensor, every group of monitoring sensor include a matric suction sensor, one
Water Content Tests in Soil Samples sensor and a pore water pressure sensor.
2. the dykes and dams of defect containing top seepage failure simulation test device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The dike
Geotextiles are pasted on the inside of the model slot side plate of dam downstream.
3. the dykes and dams of defect containing top seepage failure simulation test device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：On described
Multiple pore water pressure sensors are embedded in trip dam slope.
4. the dykes and dams of defect containing top seepage failure simulation test device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Under described
The top of trip dam slope is disposed with camera.
5. the dykes and dams of defect containing top seepage failure simulation test device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described viscous
Soil layer is made of the clay of dykes and dams digging in-situ to be simulated, the grain composition and initial aqueous rate and undisturbed soil of the clay
Grain composition it is identical with initial aqueous rate.
6. a kind of construction method of the dykes and dams of defect containing top seepage failure simulation test device described in claim 1, feature
It is：
Soil sample is made in clay, is filling the basis of dam model made of transparent organic glass in model slot using the soil sample
It is tamped with behind bottom, the predeterminated position on dam model top buries the domed tubule in section, and bore is less than 10 centimetres, bottom
It is wide to be less than 8 centimetres；
Continue to fill soil sample it is supreme go out tubule predetermined altitude after tamp, tubule periphery soil sample is then excavated, close to downstream dam slope
Region is excavated in side expansion makes this excavate region for spheric region, backfills the soil sample excavated again, but reduction compacting number makes spherical shape
The argillic horizon in region is more loose closer to the tubule, continues to fill soil sample afterwards and tamps to design altitude, make dam model by
Dykes and dams to be simulated are scaled；Finally extract pre-buried tubule, generation simulation ant road, while generate around simulation ant road thin
Weak-strong test；
During dam model fills, multigroup monitoring sensor, every group of monitoring sensor bag are set along journey in simulation ant road
Include a matric suction sensor, a Water Content Tests in Soil Samples sensor and a pore water pressure sensor.
7. the construction method of the dykes and dams of defect containing top seepage failure simulation test device according to claim 6, feature
It is：The center elevation in the simulation ant road is at 1/3 height of dam of dam crest.
8. the construction method of the dykes and dams of defect containing top seepage failure simulation test device according to claim 6, feature
It is：Geotextiles are pasted in the inside of the model slot side plate of the dykes and dams downstream.
9. the construction method of the dykes and dams of defect containing top seepage failure simulation test device according to claim 6, feature
It is：The clay is obtained from dykes and dams digging in-situ to be simulated, and is then dried clay in insulating box, according to undisturbed soil
Grain composition and initial aqueous rate prepare soil sample.
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| CN110133224A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-08-16 | 华北水利水电大学 | The simulation test device of dyke building seepage failure development process |
| CN110275009A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-09-24 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Dike piping simulation test device and test method under a kind of high water level |
| CN111175141B (en) * | 2020-02-07 | 2021-02-09 | 河海大学 | Method for selecting and matching particle cushion layer with reasonable particle size and free of damage to geomembrane |
| CN111877251B (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2021-12-03 | 重庆交通大学 | Model test method for simulating development of dam piping channel and model thereof |
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| 堤坝蚁穴系统的水力-岩土模型及稳定性;高加成等;《自然灾害学报》;20041031;第13卷(第5期);第55-61页 * |
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