CN108774994A - Burst model on a kind of homogeneous stickiness earth dam for emergency flood fighting rehearsal unrestrained top - Google Patents
Burst model on a kind of homogeneous stickiness earth dam for emergency flood fighting rehearsal unrestrained top Download PDFInfo
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- CN108774994A CN108774994A CN201810783361.6A CN201810783361A CN108774994A CN 108774994 A CN108774994 A CN 108774994A CN 201810783361 A CN201810783361 A CN 201810783361A CN 108774994 A CN108774994 A CN 108774994A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
- E02B1/02—Hydraulic models
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
It is overflow the invention discloses a kind of homogeneous stickiness earth dam for emergency flood fighting rehearsal and pushes up the model that bursts.Including earth dam ontology made of being filled by cohesive soil, the earth dam ontology includes upstream dam abutment, dam crest and downstream dam abutment, and the regulating gate for water level to be adjusted is equipped in model upstream；It is equipped with cavity layer in the downstream dam abutment bottom of earth dam ontology, silty sand ground is filled in cavity layer.Burst model on a kind of homogeneous stickiness earth dam for emergency flood fighting rehearsal of the present invention unrestrained top, especially suitable for the displaying of water and soil coupling during the announcement and dam break of cohesive soil dam breaking mechanism under unrestrained top flow action, while being also equipped with the function that the professional contingent that speedily carries out rescue work motor-driven to flood control carries out dam break disaster training.
Description
Technical field
Burst model the present invention relates to a kind of unrestrained top of the homogeneous stickiness earth dam for emergency flood fighting rehearsal, belongs to earth dam experiment
Theory and technology field.
Background technology
National water conservancy census data shows that China is completed nearly 100,000 of reservoir dam, wherein homogeneous earth dam 90,000 for the first time
Or more, and China's reservoir engineering is built 50~seventies of 20th century mostly, is limited by economic technology condition at that time, dam construction
Bidding is accurate low, of poor quality.In addition the long-term insufficient investment of management fund, maintenance is not in place, and engineering aging is in bad repair serious, " first
It is insufficient, lacks of proper care after one's birth " cause China's dangerously weak reseroirs largely to exist.According to Ministry of Water Resources of China Dam Safety Control center reconnaissance information
Statistics, so far from 1954, China has more than 3500 reservoir dam to burst, and 95% or more is homogeneous in the dam that bursts
Dam.It is therefore desirable to disclose the unrestrained top of homogeneous earth dam to burst mechanism, effective technological means is provided to prevent and reduce natural disasters.It is domestic at present
A large amount of dam break model test is carried out outside, but there are following main problems：
(1) model test material generally uses sand to substitute cohesive soil.Since homogeneous dam is generally made of cohesive soil, and stick
Property soil anti-erosion property it is stronger, for start velocity generally in 2m/s or so, small scaled model experiment is difficult to have that it is made to burst
Hydraulics, current model test mostly uses the sand that start velocity is about cohesive soil 1/100 and substitutes, but sand dam breaking
Form shows as failure by shear, and cohesive soil dam breaking form shows as Inclining destruction, and the mechanism of bursting of the two is entirely different.
(2) model scale is larger, and experimentation cost is higher.Greatly stickiness earth dam can be preferably disclosed than ruler entity dam dam-break experiments
Mechanism of bursting, but general is difficult to search out suitable test site, and testing expenses are high, it is longer to take, while with dam
The risk of high increase, experiment is also larger.
Invention content
In view of the above technical problems, the present invention is based on " steep bank " Erosion Mechanisms of homogeneous stickiness earth dam, and fully consider glutinous
Property soil physico mechanical characteristic, propose that a kind of unrestrained top of homogeneous stickiness earth dam is burst the model and its test method of process.For fast
The unrestrained top of speed simulation homogeneous stickiness earth dam is burst process, is taken off especially suitable for cohesive soil dam breaking mechanism under unrestrained top flow action
Show and dam break during water and soil coupling displaying, while be also equipped with it is motor-driven to flood control speedily carry out rescue work professional contingent carry out dam break disaster
The real function of training.
In order to achieve the above technical purposes, the present invention uses following specific technical solution：
Burst model on a kind of earth dam for the motor-driven rehearsal of speedily carrying out rescue work of flood control unrestrained top, including earth dam made of being filled by cohesive soil
Ontology, the earth dam ontology include upstream dam abutment, dam crest and downstream dam abutment, and cavity is equipped in the downstream dam abutment bottom of earth dam ontology
Layer, cavity layer is interior to fill silty sand ground, and the thickness of silty sand ground is determined by following formula：
It must meet following formula when downstream dam abutment bottom unstability occurs：
Ws+(h-Tv)αHwγw-(h-Tv) C=0
In formula, WsVacantly locate cohesive soil soil block quality for downstream dam abutment bottom, h is height of dam, TvFor downstream dam abutment bottom flour sand
Layer thickness, C are cohesive soil cohesion, HwFor the unrestrained top overcurrent depth of water, γwFor water body unit weight, α is downstream dam abutment slope ratio；γsFor
Soil body unit weight.
The earth dam ontology is equipped with crevasse, and the crevasse is the upper opening straight slot being arranged on dam crest, the straight slot
Connect upstream dam abutment and downstream dam abutment.
The section of the straight slot is in inverted trapezoidal.
The earth dam body interior is equipped with the trigger element for accelerating earth dam ontology dam break.
The trigger element is several stones arranged in earth dam body interior.
The trigger element is several ballonets arranged in earth dam body interior.
The slope ratio of the upstream dam abutment is 1：1.5.
The slope ratio of the downstream dam abutment is 1：2.
Advantageous effect：
The unrestrained model that bursts that pushes up of the homogeneous stickiness earth dam of invention has the characteristics that：
(1) dam break section innovative design is realized the dam break simulation of " want to burst and just burst " under the conditions of low speed water, is solved
The technological difficulties for " wanting to burst " when previous model test.
(2) dam-break experiments process safety is controllable, it is ensured that field personnel's safety when model test.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the unrestrained model downstream side slope of bursting of pushing up of earth dam of the present invention simplifies stress diagram；
Fig. 2 is the unrestrained sectional schematic diagram for pushing up the model that bursts of earth dam of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the unrestrained stereogram for pushing up the model that bursts of earth dam of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the schematic cross-section of conduit；
Wherein, 1 is cohesive soil；2 be flour sand；3 be conduit；4 be trigger element.
Specific implementation mode
Technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification and according to figure embodiment.
As shown in Figure 1, in the present embodiment, dam body height is 1m, and width at dam crest 0.5m, dam body length 2m, up stream slope ratio can
It is adjusted according to realistic simulation situation, downstream slope is than 1:2, dam body position is largely filled using cohesive soil, only in downstream slope base of dam
It is filled using the almost nil flour sand of cohesion at place.
The determination of flour sand layer thickness：
In view of the higher cohesion characteristic of cohesive soil, at unrestrained top dam break initial stage, generally can be assumed that native in addition to the slope foot of downstream
Dam overall structure keeps complete.Since unrestrained top flow can apply pressure to downstream side slope, downstream side slope simplifies stress signal at this time
Figure is as shown in Figure 1：
It must meet following formula when downstream slope foot unstability occurs：
Ws+(h-Tv)αHwγw-(h-Tv) C=0
In formula, WsVacantly locate soil block quality for downstream base of dam, h is height of dam, TvFor flour sand layer thickness at the base of dam of downstream, C is soil
Body cohesion, HwFor the unrestrained top overcurrent depth of water, γwFor water body unit weight, α is downstream side slope ratio.
Therefore, the thickness of the silty sand ground at the base of dam of downstream can be determined by following formula：
Wherein γsFor soil body unit weight.
The dam crest is equipped with the straight slot of connection upstream dam abutment and downstream dam abutment, and straight slot depth is 10cm.
To prevent that unrestrained top occurs when experiment does not start, while while facilitating experiment, adjusts water level, upstream design regulating gate.
When water level reaches predetermined unrestrained heights of roofs, under unrestrained top current scour effect, the flour sand at the base of dam of downstream is first by water
Stream, which washes away, to be taken away, and then downstream monolith occurs to destroy along the Dumpage type of water (flow) direction, with the increase of flow rate of water flow behind unrestrained top, crevasse
Width and depth constantly extend, and the extension that lateral Dumpage type gradually occurs for dam body destroys, final complete dam break.
As shown in Figure 2 to 4, further, in order to accelerate the time of dam break generation and increase the verisimilitude of rehearsal effect,
The earth dam ontology is equipped with crevasse, and the crevasse is the upper opening straight slot being arranged on dam crest, and straight slot connects upstream dam abutment
With downstream dam abutment.Further, the cross sectional shape of crevasse is in inverted trapezoidal, and inverted trapezoidal section discharge area is big, and section is stablized.
We have done 4 groups of different contrast tests of viscosity, are shown in Table 1
1 field test major parameter of table
| Experimental group number | F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 |
| Sticky content (%) | 11.50 | 11.50 | 17.80 | 33.00 |
| Compactness (%) | 97 | 96 | 98 | 88 |
| Moisture content (%) | 19.42 | 15.74 | 17.6 | 28.55 |
| C/kPa | 9.3 | 7.5 | 13.0 | 39.5 |
| Φ(°) | 28.25 | 27.8 | 16.0 | 14.4 |
| Drag velocity v* (m/s) | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.17 | 0.35 |
Can be obtained from the dam-break experiments Comparative result of upper table, the drag velocity of dam body in by earth dam ontology cohesive soil glued
Angle value influences maximum.
In order to which further more really simulation reality, the earth dam body interior are equipped with quickening earth dam ontology dam break
Trigger element.As one embodiment of trigger element, the trigger element is several to be arranged in earth dam body interior
A stone.As second embodiment of trigger element, the trigger element is that several that arrange in earth dam body interior are small
Air bag.After the intrinsic above-mentioned trigger element of earth dam is washed away, trigger element is that the soil around driving is flushed away together, from
And the dam break speed of earth dam ontology can be further speeded up.
Claims (8)
1. burst model on a kind of earth dam for the motor-driven rehearsal of speedily carrying out rescue work of flood control unrestrained top, including earth dam sheet made of being filled by cohesive soil
Body, the earth dam ontology include upstream dam abutment, dam crest and downstream dam abutment, are equipped in model upstream for water level to be adjusted
Regulating gate；
It is characterized in that, being equipped with cavity layer in the downstream dam abutment bottom of earth dam ontology, silty sand ground is filled in cavity layer, silty sand ground
Thickness is determined by following formula：
It must meet following formula when downstream dam abutment bottom unstability occurs：
Ws+(h-Tv)αHwγw-(h-Tv) C=0
In formula, WsVacantly locate cohesive soil soil block quality for downstream dam abutment bottom, h is height of dam, TvFor downstream dam abutment bottom flour sand thickness
Degree, C are cohesive soil cohesion, HwFor the unrestrained top overcurrent depth of water, γwFor water body unit weight, α is downstream dam abutment slope ratio；γsFor the soil body
Unit weight.
2. burst model on the earth dam according to claim 1 for the motor-driven rehearsal of speedily carrying out rescue work of flood control unrestrained top, which is characterized in that institute
It states earth dam ontology and is equipped with crevasse, the crevasse is the upper opening straight slot being arranged on dam crest, and the straight slot connects upstream dam
Shoulder and downstream dam abutment.
3. burst model on the earth dam according to claim 2 for the motor-driven rehearsal of speedily carrying out rescue work of flood control unrestrained top, which is characterized in that institute
The section for stating straight slot is in inverted trapezoidal.
4. burst model on the earth dam according to claim 1 for the motor-driven rehearsal of speedily carrying out rescue work of flood control unrestrained top, which is characterized in that institute
It states earth dam body interior and is equipped with the trigger element for accelerating earth dam ontology dam break.
5. burst model on the earth dam according to claim 4 for the motor-driven rehearsal of speedily carrying out rescue work of flood control unrestrained top, which is characterized in that institute
It is several stones arranged in earth dam body interior to state trigger element.
6. burst model on the earth dam according to claim 4 for the motor-driven rehearsal of speedily carrying out rescue work of flood control unrestrained top, which is characterized in that institute
It is several ballonets arranged in earth dam body interior to state trigger element.
7. burst model on the earth dam according to claim 1 for the motor-driven rehearsal of speedily carrying out rescue work of flood control unrestrained top, which is characterized in that institute
The slope ratio for stating upstream dam abutment is 1：1.5.
8. burst model on the earth dam according to claim 1 for the motor-driven rehearsal of speedily carrying out rescue work of flood control unrestrained top, which is characterized in that institute
The slope ratio for stating downstream dam abutment is 1：2.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810783361.6A CN108774994B (en) | 2018-07-17 | 2018-07-17 | Homogeneous viscous earth dam overtopping and breaking model for flood prevention emergency exercise |
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| CN201810783361.6A CN108774994B (en) | 2018-07-17 | 2018-07-17 | Homogeneous viscous earth dam overtopping and breaking model for flood prevention emergency exercise |
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| CN108774994A true CN108774994A (en) | 2018-11-09 |
| CN108774994B CN108774994B (en) | 2024-03-15 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112900370A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-06-04 | 西安理工大学 | Earth and rockfill dam burst monitoring and emergency maintenance system and emergency maintenance method |
| CN113312689A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-08-27 | 河海大学 | Design method of ecological air bag supporting dam |
| CN117828907A (en) * | 2024-03-06 | 2024-04-05 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Dam break mathematical model for homogeneous dam and parameter determination method |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112900370A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-06-04 | 西安理工大学 | Earth and rockfill dam burst monitoring and emergency maintenance system and emergency maintenance method |
| CN112900370B (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2022-08-02 | 西安理工大学 | Earth and rockfill dam burst monitoring and emergency maintenance system and emergency maintenance method |
| CN113312689A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-08-27 | 河海大学 | Design method of ecological air bag supporting dam |
| CN117828907A (en) * | 2024-03-06 | 2024-04-05 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Dam break mathematical model for homogeneous dam and parameter determination method |
| CN117828907B (en) * | 2024-03-06 | 2024-05-14 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Dam break mathematical model for homogeneous dam and parameter determination method |
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