CN108976584A - 高分子物理发泡体及其制作方法 - Google Patents
高分子物理发泡体及其制作方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种高分子物理发泡体及其制作方法。本发明的高分子物理发泡体由热塑性弹性体或聚烯烃材料经物理发泡而得,具有小于等于0.30g/cm3的表观密度和按照ASTM D2632测量的50%以上的回弹性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料技术领域,具体涉及一种高分子物理发泡体及其制作方法。
背景技术
常见纯物质有气、固、液三相,当气-液共存时,液相密度大于气相密度,当系统温度及压力达到某一特定点时,气-液两相密度趋于相同,两相合并为一均匀相。此一特定点即定义为该物质的临界点,所对应的温度、压力和密度则分别定义为该纯物质的临界温度(Tc)、临界压力(Pc)和临界密度(ρc)。若超过此点时,无论压力如何增加皆无法使之液化,温度如何升高亦无法使之返回气相,此高于临界温度及临界压力的均匀相被称为超临界流体。一般而言,超临界流体的物理性质是介于气、液相之间的。例如,黏度接近于气体,密度接近于液体,因密度高,可输送较气体更多的超临界流体,因黏度低,输送时所须的功率则较液体为低。扩散系数高于液体10至100倍,亦即质量传递阻力远较液体为小,因此在质量传递上较液体为快。此外,超临界流体有如气体几无表面张力,因此很容易渗入到多孔性组织中。除物理性质外,在化学性质上亦与气、液态时有所不同。例如,二氧化碳在气体状态下不具萃取能力,但当进入超临界状态后,二氧化碳变成亲有机性,因而具有溶解有机物的能力,此溶解能力会随温度及压力而有所不同。
传统制作物理聚烯烃发泡材料的主要方法为气辅注塑成型、气辅挤出成型等方法,使用烷类气体、低挥发点化合物,或使用超临界流体等作为物理发泡剂。以上方法制造的发泡材料无法制备低比重与高反弹发泡材料,无法达到需要低比重、高反弹的中底鞋材应用需求。
发明内容
本申请的发明人进行了深入研究,结果发现,通过选择特定的高分子发泡材料(热塑性弹性体或者具有一定交联度的聚烯烃材料),可以将高分子发泡体的回弹性能控制在规定范围内,从而获得同时具有低比重和高反弹性能的高分子发泡体。
本发明的一个方面提供一种高分子物理发泡体,所述高分子物理发泡体由热塑性弹性体或聚烯烃材料经物理发泡而得,具有小于等于0.30g/cm3的表观密度和按照ASTMD2632测量的50%以上的回弹性能。
在某些实施方案中,聚烯烃材料掺杂有相对于100phr(重量份)的聚烯烃材料,0.15phr–1.1phr的交联剂。通过选择适当的聚烯烃/交联剂比例以将聚烯烃的交联度控制在合适的范围内,可以通过物理发泡工艺,获得兼具低比重和高反弹性能的聚烯烃发泡体。
在某些实施例中,聚烯烃材料可以不掺杂交联剂,此时可以采用电子束辐照方式,例如照射高能电子束,以20-50kGy(千戈瑞)的高能电子束辐照进行交联。
在某些实施方案中,高分子物理发泡体用作地垫、鞋材、运动器材、玩具或包装材料。
在某些实施方案中,作为鞋材的高分子物理发泡体的比重可以为0.05-0.3g/cm3,垂直落球反弹可以为50%以上,泡孔直径可以为0.1-3mm。
在某些实施方案中,作为地垫的高分子物理发泡体的比重为0.03-0.2g/cm3,泡孔直径为0.1-3mm。
在某些实施方案中,在10-80kg荷重下以频率3Hz(3次/秒)进行2万次反复循环耐久疲劳测试,本发明的高分子物理发泡体的尺寸稳定性比传统EVA化学发泡材料提升30%以上。
在某些实施方案中,高分子物理发泡体的10-60天的垂直落球反弹性能的维持率比传统EVA化学发泡材料提升30%以上。
本发明的另一个方面提供一种制作上述高分子物理发泡体的方法,包括:
(1)使用射出机、挤出机或模压机,将热塑性弹性体或聚烯烃材料制作成异型型胚,其中,所述聚烯烃材料任选地掺杂有交联剂,相对于100phr(重量份)的聚烯烃材料,交联剂的量为0.15phr–1.1phr;
(2)在掺杂交联剂时,使聚烯烃型胚通过交联剂发生交联反应,或者在没有掺杂交联剂时,采用电子束辐照方式,以20-50kGy(千戈瑞)的高能电子束辐照使所述聚烯烃型胚发生交联反应,得到交联的聚烯烃型胚;
(3)将热塑性弹性体型胚或交联的聚烯烃型胚在压力釜中用高压气体(10-50MPa压力)进行浸渗,然后泄压至常压,得到气体浸渗的型胚;
(4)将气体浸渗的型胚进行第一阶段发泡,将此第一阶段发泡的发泡材料置入定型模具中,进行模内定型,即得最终立体成品的发泡制品;或者
将超临界流体浸渗的型胚置于成品模具中,进行1∶1模内发泡,即得成品的发泡制品。
本发明的上述方法环保无毒,其所制作的高分子物理发泡体具有低比重和高反弹性能,回弹性能为50%以上且弹性维持率比传统EVA化学发泡材料提升30%以上,而且还可具有高耐久疲劳性能。
具体实施方式
本发明旨在提供一种高分子物理发泡体,其热塑性弹性体或聚烯烃材料经物理发泡而得,具有低比重和高反弹性能。下面详述本发明的物理发泡工艺及由其获得的高分子物理发泡体。
-原料-
可用于本发明的分子材料物理发泡方法的原料包括热塑性弹性体和聚烯烃材料。
热塑性弹性体可以包括热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)、热塑性聚酯弹性体(TPEE)、嵌段聚醚酰胺弹性体(Pebax)中的一种或它们的混合物。
聚烯烃材料可以包括乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、聚烯烃弹性体(POE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)中的一种或它们的混合物。例如,聚烯烃材料可以为EVA,其中乙酸乙烯酯的摩尔含量为5%-40%,或者可以为EVA/POE的混合物,掺混比例为100/0.1~0.1/100。
聚烯烃材料还可以掺杂有交联剂、填充剂和/助剂中的至少一种。其中,以聚烯烃材料的重量份为100phr计,交联剂的量可以为1.2phr以下,例如0.15phr–1.1phr,优选0.25phr-1.0phr,填充剂的量可以为20phr以下,助剂的量可以为5phr。
交联剂可以包括过氧化物,例如过氧化二异丙苯(DCP),双叔丁基过氧化二异丙基苯(BIPB)。
填充剂可以包括碳酸钙、滑石粉、云母粉、陶土、锌氧粉、钛白粉中的至少一种。
助剂可以包括石蜡、硬脂酸及其盐(锌盐或钙盐)、其他长链脂肪酸中的至少一种。
-异型型胚的制备-
本发明的物理发泡工艺中,使用射出机、挤出机或模压机将上述的原料(热塑性弹性体或聚烯烃材料)制作成异型型胚。
异型型胚的制备可以在适宜的条件下进行,例如对于需进行交联反应的聚烯烃材料,可以在模具温度160-180℃,合适的合模压力例如10Mpa下成型400-550秒。
本发明对异型型胚的形状没有特别的限制,通常,异型型胚可以为片状、颗粒形状等。
在形成异型型胚后,为了提升聚烯烃材料的分子链强度,可以对聚烯烃材料进行交联反应。交联反应可以以化学交联方式和/或电子束辐照方式进行。例如,可以将聚烯烃型胚在170-180℃的温度进行模压交联成型(利用聚烯烃组合物中包含的交联剂使聚烯烃交联),交联成型可以以硫变仪测试的硫化曲线作为参考依据。也可以采用电子束辐照方式,例如照射高能电子束,以20-50kGy(千戈瑞)的高能电子束辐照进行交联。
-高压气体浸渗-
本发明的物理发泡工艺还包括:用高压气体对上述型胚进行高压浸渗,以得到气体浸渗的型胚。
所述气体为非活性气体,优选为二氧化碳或氮气。最优选所述气体为超临界流体。
例如,可以将热塑性弹性体型胚或交联的聚烯烃型胚在压力釜中用超临界流体进行高压浸渗,然后泄压至常压,得到超临界流体浸渗的型胚。
超临界流体可以包括二氧化碳超临界流体、氮气超临界流体等。
高压浸渗可以在10-50MPa压力、40-150℃进行0.5-8小时,优选1-5小时。
高压浸渗后的泄压通常控制在15-40分钟泄压至常压,以符合生产效率且控制预发泡(预发泡倍率控制为1-1.4倍,1倍代表无预发泡现象)。
在所得的超临界流体浸渗的型胚中,型胚的超临界流体渗透量以重量计为0.6%-15%,优选0.8%-10%。
-发泡工艺-
本发明对气体浸渗的型胚可以进行两种发泡工艺,一种是将气体浸渗的型胚进行第一阶段发泡,然后将第一阶段发泡的发泡材料置入定型模具中,进行模内定型;另一种是对气体浸渗的型胚直接进行模内发泡,即,将气体浸渗的型胚置于成品模具中,进行1∶1模内发泡,即得成品的发泡制品。
第一阶段发泡通常在常压下将上述型胚放入温度90-150℃之烘箱中经过5-30分钟进行发泡,以达到1.8至2.5倍的发泡比例范围。第一阶段发泡后,发泡材料的比重可以由最初的约1.0g/cm3降低到0.09-0.18g/cm3。此第一阶段发泡制品即可进行商业应用。
然而,针对复杂型体结构之产品设计时,可以将第一阶段发泡的发泡材料置于定型模具中,进行模内定型。模内定型的条件可以包括:模具温度130-160℃,热压300-600秒,以常温水冷却500-800秒后开模取出与定型模具相同结构的成品。
另外,采用模内发泡的条件可以包括:温度为70-150℃,发泡时间为5-30分钟。
模内发泡前的型胚线性尺寸(通常以长度方向定义线性尺寸)与模内发泡后的成品尺寸的比例可以为1∶1.5~1∶3.5,优选1∶1.7~1∶2.5。
模内发泡后,发泡材料的比重可以由最初的约1.0g/cm3降低到0.30g/cm3以下,优选0.25g/cm3以下,更优选0.20g/cm3以下。
-高分子物理发泡体-
通过上述工艺获得的本发明的高分子物理发泡体可以具有小于等于0.30g/cm3的表观密度和按照ASTM D2632测量的50%以上的回弹性能。
高分子物理发泡体的泡孔直径可以大于等于0.01且小于等于4mm,表观密度大于等于0.03且小于等于0.30g/cm3,优选大于等于0.03且小于等于0.25g/cm3,更优选大于等于0.04且小于等于0.20g/cm3。
本发明的高分子物理发泡体可以用作地垫、鞋材、运动器材、玩具或包装材料。
当用作鞋材时,本发明的高分子物理发泡体的比重可以为0.05-0.3g/cm3,垂直落球反弹50%以上,泡孔直径可以为0.1-3mm。
当用作地垫时,本发明的高分子物理发泡体的比重可以为0.03-0.2g/cm3,泡孔直径可以为0.1-3mm。
本发明的高分子物理发泡体还具有出色的耐疲劳和性能维持性能。例如,在10-80kg荷重下以频率3Hz(3次/秒)进行2万次反复循环耐久疲劳测试,本发明的高分子物理发泡体的尺寸稳定性可以比传统EVA化学发泡材料提升30%以上。而且,本发明的高分子物理发泡体的10-60天的垂直落球反弹性能的维持率也可以比传统EVA化学发泡材料提升30%以上。
下面通过实施例及对比例来进一步说明本发明,但本发明不受这些实施例和对比例的任何限制。
实施例及对比例中采用的分析测试方法如下:
(1)发泡制品的泡孔直径用光学显微镜测量,材料密度用比重天平测试;
(2)回弹性能按照ASTM D2632测试:
依照ASTM D2632标准,将具有给定直径和质量的钢球在规定的高度上自由落在泡沫塑料试样上来进行测试,钢球回弹的最大高度与落下高度的比值为回弹百分率;
(3)耐疲劳试验:在10-80kg荷重下以频率3Hz(3次/秒)进行2万次的反复循环耐久疲劳测试,测量发泡制品的尺寸变化情况。
实施例1
将100phr的EVA(台塑EVA7470,乙酸乙烯酯的摩尔含量为26%)、1phr的碳酸钙、0.5phr的石蜡和0.4phr的DCP在三泰机械公司的ST-75L密炼机中,在100-120℃和0.75Mpa压力条件下混合12min。卸料后以三泰机械公司ST-75L密炼机配套的挤出造粒机将上述混合物进行挤出与造粒(胶粒)。将该胶粒以巨闽机械公司KM-E308L3的EVA射出机中在模具温度180℃下进行模压交联成型。
将交联的聚烯烃型胚放入德阳四创公司的高压釜中,注入二氧化碳超临界流体,在温度50℃、压力40Mpa下维持2小时。然后,在30min时间内泄压至常压,得到超临界流体浸渗的型胚(预发泡倍率为1.5以下),型胚的超临界流体渗透量以重量计为10%。(此步骤中的二氧化碳超临界流体也可以用氮气超临界流体代替)。
将上述超临界流体浸渗的型胚置于成品模具中,在140℃温度下进行模内发泡,发泡时间为15min,得到成品的发泡制品,发泡比例以发泡前型胚长度方向的线性尺寸与模内发泡后的成品尺寸的比例计为1.8。
成品的发泡制品的泡孔直径用光学显微镜测量,材料密度用比重天平测试;回弹性能按照ASTM D2632测试:将质量28±0.5g的标准锥形钢球在400mm高度上自由落在泡沫塑料试样上来进行测试,钢球回弹的最大高度与落下高度的比值为回弹百分率。
该成品的发泡制品的泡孔直径、比重、回弹性能和放置30天后的反弹维持率(%)见表1。
实施例2
除了用掺混比例为60∶40的EVA/POE混合物(其中EVA的乙酸乙烯酯的摩尔含量为26%,且POE为陶氏化学公司的8150型号的POE)代替EVA之外,采用与实施例1相同的程序,获得成品的发泡制品。
该成品的发泡制品的泡孔直径、比重、回弹性能和放置30天后的反弹维持率(%)见表1。
实施例3
除了用科思创公司的UE-85AU10型号的TPU代替EVA组合物并省略混炼和交联步骤之外,采用与实施例1相同的程序,获得成品的发泡制品。
该成品的发泡制品的泡孔直径、比重、回弹性能和放置30天后的反弹维持率(%)见表1。
实施例4
采用与实施例1相同的程序,只是代替模内发泡,采用第一阶段发泡,再模内定型的工艺。将气体浸渗的型胚置于130℃温度下之烘箱内进行发泡,发泡时间为20分钟,发泡比例为约2.0倍。然后,将第一阶段发泡的发泡材料置于定型模具中,进行模内定型。模内定型的条件包括:模具温度130-160℃,热压300-600秒,以常温水冷却500-800秒后开模取出,获得实施例4的高分子物理发泡体。
该成品的发泡制品的泡孔直径、比重、回弹性能和放置30天后的反弹维持率(%)见表1。
实施例5
采用与实施例4相同的程序,只是在发泡工序只采用第一阶段发泡,不进行模压定型,获得实施例5的高分子物理发泡体。
该成品的发泡制品的泡孔直径、比重、回弹性能和放置30天后的反弹维持率(%)见表1。
实施例6
配方除了不使用过氧化物交联剂外,其他成分同实施例1,采用照射高能电子束方式进行交联,以20-50kGy(千戈瑞)的高能电子束辐照进行交联。然后采用与实施例5相同的发泡程序,获得实施例6的高分子物理发泡体。
该成品的发泡制品的泡孔直径、比重、回弹性能和放置30天后的反弹维持率(%)见表1。
对比例1
除了将实施例1配方中的交联剂DCP改为1.25phr外,其他程序同实施例1,其发泡成品的泡孔直径、比重、回弹性能和放置30天后的反弹维持率(%)见表1。
对比例2
除了将实施例1配方中的交联剂DCP改为0.12phr外,其他程序同实施例4,其发泡成品的泡孔直径、比重、回弹性能和放置30天后的反弹维持率(%)见表1。
对比例3
除了将实施例2配方中的交联剂DCP改为0.12phr外,其他程序同实施例5,其发泡成品的泡孔直径、比重、回弹性能和放置30天后的反弹维持率(%)见表1。
对比例4
以传统Mucell技术使用超临界流体发泡设备制作TPU发泡成品,注塑机料管温度210℃,模具温度30℃,利用Mucell设备将超临界氮气流体注入注塑机的计量段与TPU融体混合,然后将此流体混合的TPU熔融体注塑到模具中成型,超临界流体于模具模穴中在TPU融体的内部与外部气化并产生内部泡孔,获得注塑发泡及尺寸同模穴尺寸但表面有气痕不光滑的TPU制品,其发泡成品的泡孔直径、比重、回弹性能和放置30天后的反弹维持率(%)见表1。
表1
本发明的实施例3可以获得比对比例4的Mucell注塑TPU发泡制品比重更低(更轻量化)且外观表面更光滑的发泡制品。
Claims (10)
1.一种高分子物理发泡体,其特征在于,所述高分子物理发泡体由热塑性弹性体或聚烯烃材料经物理发泡而得,具有小于等于0.30g/cm3的表观密度和按照ASTM D2632测量的50%以上的回弹性能。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高分子物理发泡体,其特征在于,所述高分子物理发泡体的泡孔直径大于等于0.01且小于等于4mm、表观密度大于等于0.03且小于等于0.30g/cm3,优选大于等于0.03且小于等于0.25g/cm3,更优选大于等于0.04且小于等于0.20g/cm3。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高分子物理发泡体,其特征在于,所述热塑性弹性体包括热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)、热塑性聚酯弹性体(TPEE)、嵌段聚醚酰胺弹性体(Pebax)中的一种或它们的混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高分子物理发泡体,其特征在于,所述聚烯烃材料包括乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、聚烯烃弹性体(POE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)中的一种或它们的混合物;并且所述聚烯烃材料任选地掺杂有交联剂、填充剂和助剂中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求4所述的高分子物理发泡体,其特征在于,所述交联剂包括过氧化物,例如过氧化二异丙苯(DCP),双叔丁基过氧化二异丙基苯(BIPB);所述填充剂包括碳酸钙、滑石粉、云母粉、陶土、锌氧粉、钛白粉中的至少一种;所述助剂包括石蜡、硬脂酸盐、其他长链脂肪酸中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高分子物理发泡体,其特征在于,所述高分子物理发泡体通过在用高压气体浸渗热塑性弹性体或聚烯烃材料后,加热使其发泡而形成的,其中所述聚烯烃材料在经历高压气体浸渗之前进行交联反应,形成交联的聚烯烃材料。
7.根据权利要求6所述的高分子物理发泡体,其特征在于,所述交联的聚烯烃材料是通过相对于100phr(重量份)的聚烯烃材料以0.15phr–1.1phr,优选0.25phr–1.0phr的量掺杂交联剂,并且使掺杂的聚烯烃材料发生化学交联反应而获得的,或者在不掺杂架桥剂时,采用电子束辐照方式,以20-50kGy(千戈瑞)的高能电子束辐照使所述聚烯烃型胚发生交联反应而获得。
8.根据权利要求6所述的高分子物理发泡体,其特征在于,所述气体为非活性气体,优选为二氧化碳或氮气;更优选地,所述气体为超临界流体。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的高分子物理发泡体,其用作地垫、鞋材、运动器材、玩具或包装材料。
10.一种制作如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的高分子物理发泡体的方法,包括:
(1)使用射出机、挤出机或模压机,将热塑性弹性体或聚烯烃材料制作成异型型胚,其中所述聚烯烃材料任选地掺杂有交联剂,相对于100phr(重量份)的所述聚烯烃材料,所述交联剂的量为0.15phr–1.1phr;
(2)在掺杂交联剂时,使聚烯烃型胚通过交联剂发生交联反应,或者在没有掺杂交联剂时,采用电子束辐照方式,以20-50kGy的高能电子束辐照使所述聚烯烃型胚发生交联反应,得到交联的聚烯烃型胚;
(3)将热塑性弹性体型胚或交联的聚烯烃型胚在压力釜中用高压气体(10-50MPa压力)进行浸渗,然后泄压至常压,得到气体浸渗的型胚;
(4)将气体浸渗的型胚进行第一阶段发泡,将第一阶段发泡的发泡材料置入定型模具中,进行模内定型,即得最终立体成品的发泡制品;或者
将超临界流体浸渗的型胚置于成品模具中,进行1∶1模内发泡,即得成品的发泡制品。
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