CN108975891A - 喷墨渗花玉质抛光砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents
喷墨渗花玉质抛光砖及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请提供一种喷墨渗花玉质抛光砖及其制备方法。一种喷墨渗花玉质抛光砖,包括砖坯:Al2O3、SiO2、Fe2O3、TiO2、CaO、K2O、Na2O、MgO、Li2O、P2O5、RuO2、V2O5、Bi2O3、Ce2O3、Lu2O3、LiNbO3、SrZrO3、MgAl2O4和BaTiO3FeTiO3。制备方法包括:砖坯原料加适量的水经球磨成为浆料,喷雾干燥得到粉料,再液压成型得到半成品砖坯,干燥得到砖坯;在砖坯的表面依次喷施酸化剂和助渗剂后进行喷墨打印渗花,然后烧制;经过磨边、抛光、打蜡,得到产品。本申请提供的喷墨渗花玉质抛光砖,光透性能好、图案纹理清晰、质感贴近玉石,质量可控度高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷领域,具体而言,涉及一种喷墨渗花玉质抛光砖及其制备方法。
背景技术
天然石材尤其是天然玉石,具有质地细腻、柔润、通透、色彩丰富等特点,具有极高的装饰性能和观赏价值。但是天然玉石资源有限而且价格昂贵,一方面对环境破坏较大,另一方面难以大范围使用。为此,人们采用仿制技术生产玉质砖来代替天然玉石。
现有技术中,有使用喷墨渗花技术进行玉质砖制造的,但是存在以下缺陷:一个是生产出来的产品,透光性能较差,难以达到天然玉石的效果,通透性高的产品,其视觉效果趋近于玻璃产品,通透性低的产品,其视觉效果趋近于普通石材;另外一个,由于现有技术中的坯体与墨水之间的渗透性兼容问题、酸化剂与助渗剂之间的配合问题,导致得到产品的花色和纹理渗透不均匀,横向渗透和纵向渗透深度不容易控制,使得整体质量难以控制,导致产品次品率高,难以大规模批量生产,进而成本居高不下。
有鉴于此,特提出本发明。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的在于提供的一种喷墨渗花玉质抛光砖,其优化的砖坯成分,使得产品最终视觉效果贴近天然玉石,观赏性高,渗花工艺可控,成品率高。
本发明的第二目的在于提供一种喷墨渗花玉质抛光砖的制备方法,解决坯体与墨水之间的渗透性兼容问题、酸化剂与助渗剂之间的配合问题,从而得到光透性能好、图案纹理清晰、质感贴近玉石,质量稳定的产品。
为了实现本发明的上述目的,特采用以下技术方案:
一种喷墨渗花玉质抛光砖,包括砖坯,所述砖坯以质量百分比计,包括:
Al2O3 21-26%、Ce2O3 0.1-0.2%、SiO2 64-70%、Fe2O3 0.1-0.2%、TiO2 0.1-0.2%、LiNbO3 0.1-0.2%、CaO 0.1-0.2%、K2O 1-3%、Na2O 1-5%、MgO 0.1-0.2%、Li2O0.1-0.4%、P2O 50.1-0.2%、BaTiO3 0.1-0.2%、RuO2 0.1-0.2%、V2O5 0.1-0.2%、Bi2O30.1-0.2%、Lu2O3 0.1-0.2%、SrZrO3 0.1-0.2%和MgAl2O4 0.1-0.2%。
RuO2、V2O5、Bi2O3、Ce2O3、Lu2O3这些成分的添加,使得砖坯在高温状态下,能够形成改善渗透性能的微观结构,能够有效的控制横向渗透和纵向渗透的程度,此外,这些成分提供部分颜色构成,与渗花墨水配合,形成更加贴近天然玉石的纹理和颜色,同时改善整体的通透性。LiNbO3、BaTiO3、SrZrO3和MgA l2O4这四种复合金属氧化物的添加,能够很好的与其他金属氧化物配合,并通过用量的控制,使得产品的纹理和整体视觉效果更加自然。
优选地,所述砖坯以质量百分比计,还包括:
BaPbO3 0.1-0.2%、LaCoO3 0.1-0.2%、CaTiO3 0.1-0.2%、MnFe2O4 0.1-0.2%、ZnCoO4 0.1-0.2%和FeTiO3 0.1-0.2%。
这些复合金属氧化物的加入,能够进一步使得产品烧制后光直线透过率与天然玉石更加贴近,视觉效果方面仿真度更高。复合金属氧化物中,O2-以一定方式密堆积,金属阳离子按其离子半径大小充填在O2-组成的合适空隙位置上,使得其具备良好的光学性能,将其与本申请提供的其他成分配合,可以达到上述效果。
可选地,喷墨渗花玉质抛光砖还包括辅料,所述辅料以为质量百分比计,包括十水合碳酸钠0.05-0.1%、五水偏硅酸钠0.05-0.1%、焦磷酸钠0.05-0.1%、铋酸钠0.05-0.1%和丙烯酸钠0.05-0.1%。
辅料的作用是提高砖坯各成分之间的均匀性,保证产品整体的质量,避免产生局部瑕疵。同时,焦磷酸钠和铋酸钠的使用可以进一步改善产品的光透性能。
本申请提供一种所述喷墨渗花玉质抛光砖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A.砖坯原料加适量的水经球磨成为浆料,然后喷雾干燥得到粉料,再液压成型得到半成品砖坯,将所述半成品砖坯干燥得到所述砖坯;
B.在所述砖坯的表面依次喷施酸化剂和助渗剂后进行喷墨打印渗花,然后控制最高烧成温度进行烧制,得到半成品;所述酸化剂的喷剂量为20-60g/m2,所述助渗剂的喷剂量为35-55g/m2;
C.经过磨边、抛光、打蜡,得到产品。
浆料喷雾干燥成粉料并液压成型,是为了保证原料在砖坯内部的均匀性;半成品干燥是为了控制砖坯中的水分含量,避免烧制时产生气泡,造成产品瑕疵;酸化剂的使用是为了破坏砖坯的表面的结构,使得渗花墨水更容易渗透。助渗剂的使用,是为了帮助渗花墨水的渗透。助渗剂与酸化剂的配合,使得渗透处于一种平衡的可控的状态。喷剂量的控制是为了进一步对渗透行为进行控制,保证产品质量的稳定性。
优选地,所述酸化剂为弱酸的水溶液,pH值为5-6;所述弱酸为甲酸、乙酸、碳酸中的一种或多种;所述助渗剂,按重量份数计,包括硅溶胶50-80份、聚乙烯醇水溶液20-40份、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚5-10份、乙二醇5-10份。
酸化剂的使用是为了破坏砖坯的表面的结构,使得渗花墨水更容易渗透,但是pH值的控制是为了控制这一破坏行为,使渗花墨水的渗透处于可控范围。助渗剂的使用,是为了帮助渗花墨水的渗透。助渗剂与酸化剂的配合,使得渗透处于一种平衡的可控的状态。
进一步优选地,所述硅溶胶pH值为6.5-7.5。
硅溶胶的pH值的控制是为了更好的使得助渗剂发挥效果,硅溶胶酸度的大小影响着助渗剂的最终功效,进而影响产品的最终效果。
更加优选地,所述聚乙烯醇水溶液的质量浓度为10-20%。
聚乙烯醇的浓度控制实际上是为了控制聚乙烯醇在助渗剂中的使用量,使得助渗剂的效果处于适当的范围。
优选地,所述最高烧成温度范围为1150-1180℃。
最高烧成温度的控制,是与砖坯成分相适应的。在这一温度条件下,各组分形成恰当的熔融和半熔融状态,为渗透墨水在砖坯内的分布,创造合适的条件,获得品质贴近天然玉石的渗花玉质抛光砖。
优选地,所述粉料以质量百分比计,粒度分布为:50-100目5%、100-200目35%、200-250目35%、300-350目25%。
粒度控制,一方面是改善渗透性能,提高渗透的可控性,避免出现残次品;另一方面是为了调整产品的硬度,使其更加靠近天然玉石。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
1.通过选择砖坯的成分,尤其是RuO2、V2O5、Bi2O3、Ce2O3、Lu2O3、LiNbO3、SrZrO3、BaTiO3、MgAl2O4这些成分在高温状态下,能够形成改善渗透性能的微观结构,能够有效的控制横向渗透和纵向渗透的程度,形成更加贴近天然玉石的纹理和颜色,同时改善整体的通透性;
2.助渗剂与酸化剂的配合,使得渗透处于一种平衡的可控的状态,可以获得性能优异的产品;
3.粒度控制,可以改善渗透性能,提高渗透的可控性,避免出现残次品;同时调整了产品的硬度,使其更加靠近天然玉石。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述,但是本领域技术人员将会理解,下列实施例仅用于说明本发明,而不应视为限制本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
实施例1
按照下述步骤制备喷墨渗花玉质抛光砖:
1、砖坯制作
选取相应的材料,如钾长石、钠长石、石英、粘土等原材料,控制成分为Al2O3 21%、Ce2O3 0.2%、SiO2 70%、Fe2O3 0.2%、TiO2 0.2%、LiNbO3 0.2%、CaO 0.2%、K2O 3%、Na2O2.8%、MgO 0.2%、Li2O 0.4%、P2O5 0.2%、BaTiO3 0.2%、RuO2 0.2%、V2O5 0.2%、Bi2O30.2%、Lu2O3 0.2%、SrZrO3 0.2%和MgAl2O4 0.2%即可;砖坯原料加适量的水经球磨成为浆料,然后喷雾干燥得到粉料,粉料以质量百分比计,粒度分布为:50-100目(不含100目)5%、100-200目(不含200目)35%、200-250目(不含250目)35%、300-350目25%;再液压成型得到半成品砖坯,将半成品砖坯干燥得到砖坯;
2、酸化剂和助渗剂的配制
取适量乙酸,调节pH值至5,得到弱酸水溶液;取硅溶胶50份、聚乙烯醇水溶液40份、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚5份、乙二醇10份,混合均匀得到助渗剂;其中,硅溶胶pH值为6.5,聚乙烯醇水溶液的质量浓度为20%。
3、表面处理
将制备好的砖坯先喷施酸化剂,控制喷剂量为20g/m2;然后喷施助渗剂,助渗剂的喷剂量为55g/m2;
4、喷墨渗花和烧制
将步骤3所得砖坯使用渗花墨水进行喷墨渗花,然后送入窑炉中烧制,控制最高烧成温度为1180℃,控制总体烧制时间2h;
5、后处理
将烧成的半成品经过磨边、抛光、打蜡,得到成品。
实施例2
按照下述步骤制备喷墨渗花玉质抛光砖:
1、砖坯制作
选取相应的材料,如钾长石、钠长石、石英、粘土等原材料,控制成分为Al2O3 26%、Ce2O3 0.1%、SiO2 64%、Fe2O3 0.1%、TiO2 0.1%、LiNbO3 0.1%、CaO 0.1%、K2O 1.8%、Na2O 5%、MgO 0.1%、Li2O 0.1%、P2O5 0.1%、BaTiO3 0.1%、RuO2 0.1%、V2O5 0.1%、Bi2O3 0.1%、Lu2O3 0.1%、SrZrO3 0.1%、MgAl2O4 0.1%、BaPbO3 0.2%、LaCoO3 0.2%、CaTiO3 0.2%、MnFe2O4 0.2%、ZnCoO4 0.2%、FeTiO3 0.2%和辅料,即可;辅料为十水合碳酸钠0.1%、五水偏硅酸钠0.1%、焦磷酸钠0.1%、铋酸钠0.1%和丙烯酸钠0.1%;砖坯原料加适量的水经球磨成为浆料,然后喷雾干燥得到粉料,粉料以质量百分比计,粒度分布为:50-100目(不含100目)5%、100-200目(不含200目)35%、200-250目(不含250目)35%、300-350目25%;再液压成型得到半成品砖坯,将半成品砖坯干燥得到砖坯;
2、酸化剂和助渗剂的配制
取适量碳酸,调节pH值至6,得到弱酸水溶液;取硅溶胶80份、聚乙烯醇水溶液20份、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚10份、乙二醇5份,混合均匀得到助渗剂;其中,硅溶胶pH值为7.5,聚乙烯醇水溶液的质量浓度为10%。
3、表面处理
将制备好的砖坯先喷施酸化剂,控制喷剂量为60g/m2;然后喷施助渗剂,助渗剂的喷剂量为35g/m2;
4、喷墨渗花和烧制
将步骤3所得砖坯使用渗花墨水进行喷墨渗花,然后送入窑炉中烧制,控制最高烧成温度为1150℃,控制总体烧制时间2h;
5、后处理
将烧成的半成品经过磨边、抛光、打蜡,得到成品。
实施例3
按照下述步骤制备喷墨渗花玉质抛光砖:
1、砖坯制作
选取相应的材料,如钾长石、钠长石、石英、粘土等原材料,控制成分为Al2O3 25%、Ce2O3 0.15%、SiO2 69.9%、Fe2O3 0.15%、TiO2 0.15%、LiNbO3 0.15%、CaO 0.15%、K2O1%、Na2O 1%、MgO 0.15%、Li2O 0.15%、P2O5 0.15%、BaTiO3 0.15%、RuO2 0.15%、V2O50.15%、Bi2O3 0.15%、Lu2O3 0.15%、SrZrO3 0.15%、MgAl2O4 0.15%、BaPbO3 0.1%、LaCoO3 0.1%、CaTiO3 0.1%、MnFe2O4 0.1%、ZnCoO4 0.1%、FeTiO3 0.1%和辅料,即可;辅料为十水合碳酸钠0.05%、五水偏硅酸钠0.05%、焦磷酸钠0.05%、铋酸钠0.05%和丙烯酸钠0.05%;砖坯原料加适量的水经球磨成为浆料,然后喷雾干燥得到粉料,粉料以质量百分比计,粒度分布为:50-100目(不含100目)5%、100-200目(不含200目)35%、200-250目(不含250目)35%、300-350目25%;再液压成型得到半成品砖坯,将半成品砖坯干燥得到砖坯;
2、酸化剂和助渗剂的配制
取适量甲酸,调节pH值至5.5,得到弱酸水溶液;取硅溶胶60份、聚乙烯醇水溶液30份、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚8份、乙二醇7份,混合均匀得到助渗剂;其中,硅溶胶pH值为7,聚乙烯醇水溶液的质量浓度为15%。
3、表面处理
将制备好的砖坯先喷施酸化剂,控制喷剂量为40g/m2;然后喷施助渗剂,助渗剂的喷剂量为45g/m2;
4、喷墨渗花和烧制
将步骤3所得砖坯使用渗花墨水进行喷墨渗花,然后送入窑炉中烧制,控制最高烧成温度为1160℃,控制总体烧制时间2h;
5、后处理
将烧成的半成品经过磨边、抛光、打蜡,得到成品。
实施例4
与实施例3不同的是,砖坯的成分不同,具体如下:Al2O3 25%、Ce2O3 0.15%、SiO269.45%、Fe2O3 0.15%、TiO2 0.15%、LiNbO3 0.15%、CaO 0.15%、K2O 1%、Na2O 1%、MgO0.15%、Li2O 0.15%、P2O5 0.15%、BaTiO3 0.15%、RuO2 0.15%、V2O5 0.15%、Bi2O30.15%、Lu2O3 0.15%、SrZrO3 0.15%、MgAl2O4 0.15%、BaPbO3 0.15%、LaCoO3 0.15%、CaTiO3 0.15%、MnFe2O4 0.15%、ZnCoO4 0.15%、FeTiO3 0.15%和辅料,即可;辅料为十水合碳酸钠0.08%、五水偏硅酸钠0.08%、焦磷酸钠0.08%、铋酸钠0.08%和丙烯酸钠0.08%。
比较例1
与实施例1相比,不同之处在于,砖坯中不含有RuO2、V2O5、Bi2O3、Ce2O3、Lu2O3、LiNbO3、BaTiO3、MgAl2O4和SrZrO3;
比较例2
与实施例2相比,不同之处在于,助渗剂不含脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚;
比较例3
与实施例3相比,不同之处在于,硅溶胶pH值为8;
比较例4
与实施例4相比,不同之处在于,聚乙烯醇水溶液的质量浓度为30%
比较例5
与实施例2相比,不同之处在于,最高烧成温度为1250℃。
比较例6
与实施例3相比,不同之处在于,辅料中不含有焦磷酸钠和铋酸钠。
测试实施例1-4和比较例1-6所得的500组产品的参数得到平均值,结果如下表1所示:
表1测试结果
需要说明的是,上表1中良品率的检测标准是:表面无裂纹、表面平整度小于2mm、渗花深度和广度可控且误差不超过5%;光直线透过率是指在光照强度为1000w/m2的平行光源照射下,在光源背侧使用光照度计测得的光强占光源光强的比率。其中,翡翠的最大光直线透过率为12.67%。
由上表1可知,RuO2、V2O5、Bi2O3、Ce2O3、Lu2O3,尤其是复合金属氧化物的添加,能够有效的改善成品的光透性能,使其获得更加近似于玉石的效果,同时能够对渗花的横向和纵向进行控制,保证良品率;辅料的使用,可以提高光直线透过率,提高产品的韧性,与其他成分一起协调作用,提高良品率;助渗剂成分的选择,尤其是脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚的使用,是为了控制助渗剂的效果,保证渗花工艺可控,提高良品率;烧制温度的控制,是与砖坯成分相匹配的,有利于优化内部及表面结构,提高光透性能和强度。
本申请提供的喷墨渗花玉质抛光砖,光透性能好、图案纹理清晰、质感贴近玉石,强度高。
对于本领域的技术人员来说,本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。尽管已用具体实施例来说明和描述了本发明,然而应意识到,在不背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下可以作出许多其它的更改和修改。因此,这意味着在所附权利要求中包括属于本发明范围内的所有这些变化和修改。
Claims (9)
1.一种喷墨渗花玉质抛光砖,其特征在于,包括砖坯,所述砖坯以质量百分比计,包括:
Al2O321-26%、Ce2O30.1-0.2%、SiO264-70%、Fe2O30.1-0.2%、TiO20.1-0.2%、LiNbO30.1-0.2%、CaO0.1-0.2%、K2O1-3%、Na2O1-5%、MgO0.1-0.2%、Li2O0.1-0.4%、P2O50.1-0.2%、BaTiO30.1-0.2%、RuO20.1-0.2%、V2O50.1-0.2%、Bi2O30.1-0.2%、Lu2O30.1-0.2%、SrZrO30.1-0.2%和MgAl2O40.1-0.2%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的喷墨渗花玉质抛光砖,其特征在于,所述砖坯以质量百分比计,还包括:
BaPbO30.1-0.2%、LaCoO30.1-0.2%、CaTiO30.1-0.2%、MnFe2O40.1-0.2%、ZnCoO40.1-0.2%和FeTiO30.1-0.2%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的喷墨渗花玉质抛光砖,其特征在于,还包括辅料,所述辅料以为质量百分比计,包括十水合碳酸钠0.05-0.1%、五水偏硅酸钠0.05-0.1%、焦磷酸钠0.05-0.1%、铋酸钠0.05-0.1%和丙烯酸钠0.05-0.1%。
4.一种权利要求1-3任一项所述喷墨渗花玉质抛光砖的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
A.砖坯原料加适量的水经球磨成为浆料,然后喷雾干燥得到粉料,再液压成型得到半成品砖坯,将所述半成品砖坯干燥得到所述砖坯;
B.在所述砖坯的表面依次喷施酸化剂和助渗剂后进行喷墨打印渗花,然后控制最高烧成温度进行烧制,得到半成品;所述酸化剂的喷剂量为20-60g/m2,所述助渗剂的喷剂量为35-55g/m2;
C.经过磨边、抛光、打蜡,得到产品。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述酸化剂为弱酸的水溶液,pH值为5-6;所述弱酸为甲酸、乙酸、碳酸中的一种或多种;
所述助渗剂,按重量份数计,包括硅溶胶50-80份、聚乙烯醇水溶液20-40份、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚5-10份、乙二醇5-10份。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述硅溶胶pH值为6.5-7.5。
7.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述聚乙烯醇水溶液的质量浓度为10-20%。
8.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述最高烧成温度范围为1150-1180℃。
9.根据权利要求4-8任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述粉料以质量百分比计,粒度分布为:50-100目5%、100-200目35%、200-250目35%、300-350目25%。
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