Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a greenhouse system based on solar energy and a ground source heat pump, which comprises: the greenhouse comprises a greenhouse main body, a solar photovoltaic module, a ground source heat pump device and an integrated control unit, wherein the solar photovoltaic module, the ground source heat pump device and the integrated control unit are positioned at the top of the greenhouse main body; the greenhouse main body comprises a first supporting body, a second supporting body, a light-transmitting plate, a heat pump machine room, a rainwater collecting pool and a plurality of axial flow fans, wherein the height of the second supporting body is lower than that of the first supporting body; the solar photovoltaic module comprises a plurality of chain wheel transmission shafts, a plurality of solar cell panels, a driving mechanism, chains and an electric power storage module, wherein the chain wheel transmission shafts are horizontally arranged at equal intervals along the length direction of the greenhouse main body and are positioned on the surface of the light-transmitting plate; the ground source heat pump device comprises a heat pump unit arranged in the heat pump machine room, a plurality of U-shaped underground buried pipes which are connected with one end of the heat pump unit and penetrate downwards and are buried underground, and a tail end air conditioner which is connected with one end of the heat pump unit and is arranged on the upper portion of the inner side of the first supporting body.
Preferably, the second support body is a steel structure body, and tempered glass is paved on the outer side surface of the second support body.
Preferably, a rainwater collecting tank and a rainwater drainage pipe are further arranged at the bottom of the outer side of the second support body, one end of the rainwater drainage pipe is connected with the rainwater collecting tank, and the other end of the rainwater drainage pipe is connected with the rainwater collecting tank.
Preferably, the top of the uppermost solar cell panel is further provided with a photosensitive sensor facing the same direction as the solar cell panel, and a temperature sensor is arranged at the middle lower part of the inner side of the first support body.
Preferably, the center of the chain wheel transmission shaft is a chain wheel.
Preferably, a plurality of LED lamps are evenly arranged on the inner side of the light-transmitting plate, and each LED lamp comprises a plurality of red LED lamps, a plurality of blue LED lamps and a plurality of white LED lamps.
Preferably, the wavelength of the blue LED lamp is 450-460 nm or 460-470 nm; the wavelength of the red LED lamp is 620-630nm or 640-660 nm.
Preferably, the rainwater collecting pool also comprises a sprinkling irrigation device connected with the rainwater collecting pool.
Preferably, the integrated control unit comprises a central processing unit, a photovoltaic controller, a heat pump controller, a light controller, a fan controller, an air conditioner controller, a sprinkling irrigation controller and a touch display screen.
Also provided is an automatic control method of a greenhouse system using geothermal energy and solar energy, the method comprising the steps of:
a) the photosensitive sensor acquires the sunlight illumination intensity value Y in real time and transmits the illumination intensity value Y to the central processing unit, and then the step b) is carried out;
the temperature sensor acquires a temperature value T in the greenhouse system in real time and transmits the temperature value T to the central processing unit, and then the step f) is carried out;
b) the central processing unit judges the numerical values of the obtained illumination intensity value Y and the starting threshold value S, when Y is less than S, the central processing unit returns to the step a) to obtain the illumination intensity value Y again, and when Y is more than or equal to S, the central processing unit starts the driving mechanism and enters the step c);
the central processing unit judges the obtained illumination intensity value Y and the light threshold value Y0When the numerical value of Y is<Y0When Y is greater than Y, the LED lamp is turned on>Y0Turning off the LED lamp if the sunlight is not in the normal state, and then returning to the step a) to obtain the sunlight illumination intensity value Y again;
c) the driving mechanism rotates clockwise and drives the solar panel to rotate slowly at a uniform speed, and the photosensitive sensor obtains a series of illumination intensity values Y in the rotation process of the solar paneliAnd transmitting to the central processing unit, and then entering the step d);
d) the central processing unit judges the obtained illumination intensity value Yi-1、YiSize between and YiThe starting threshold value S; when S is<Yi<Yi-1Stopping the rotation of the driving mechanism immediately and returning to the step c) after keeping the stopped state for one hour; when Y isi<S, the driving mechanism rotates anticlockwise and drives the solar panel to return to an initial state, and then the step e) is carried out;
e) when the solar panel returns to the initial state, closing the driving mechanism and returning to the step a) again;
f) the central processing unit judges the acquired temperature value T and the temperature threshold value T1、T2When the value of (A) is T<T1When the temperature is higher than the preset temperature, the tail end air conditioner is started to heat, and when the temperature is T>T2Then the tail end air conditioner is started to cool down, and when T is reached2<T<T1And if so, closing the terminal air conditioner, and then returning to the step a) to obtain the temperature value T in the greenhouse system again.
In conclusion, the greenhouse system based on the solar energy and the ground source heat pump has the advantages of good energy-saving and environment-friendly effects, high solar energy generating efficiency, high ground source heat pump operation efficiency, ingenious and compact overall structure design, high automation degree and the like.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.
Detailed Description
The objects and functions of the present invention and methods for accomplishing the same will be apparent by reference to the exemplary embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments disclosed below; it can be implemented in different forms. The nature of the description is merely to assist those skilled in the relevant art in a comprehensive understanding of the specific details of the invention.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same or similar parts, or the same or similar steps.
Fig. 1 and 2 schematically show a schematic cross-sectional view and a schematic perspective view of a solar and ground source heat pump based greenhouse system 100 according to the present invention, respectively, the greenhouse system 100 comprising: the greenhouse comprises a greenhouse main body 1, a solar photovoltaic module 2 positioned at the top of the greenhouse main body 1, a ground source heat pump device 3 and an integrated control unit 4. The greenhouse system 100 comprehensively utilizes two clean energy sources of solar energy and geothermal energy, and has good energy-saving and environment-friendly effects.
The greenhouse main body 1 is designed and built by adopting the main body framework integration, and has stronger typhoon resistance and earthquake resistance. The greenhouse body 1 comprises a first support body 101, a second support body 102 which is lower than the first support body 101 in height, a light-transmitting plate 103 which is made of the first support body 101 and the second support body 102 and is obliquely arranged, a heat pump machine room 104 which is close to the outer side of the first support body 1, a rainwater collection pool 105 which is positioned under the heat pump machine room 104, and a plurality of axial flow fans 106 which are fixed below the light-transmitting plate 103.
First supporter 101, heat pump computer lab 104 and rainwater collecting pit 105 are reinforced concrete territory structure, have effectively guaranteed the fastness and the stability of greenhouse main part 1.
The second supporting body 102 is a steel structure, transparent toughened glass 110 is laid on the outer side surface of the second supporting body 102, and a rainwater collecting tank 108 and a rainwater drainage pipe 109 are further arranged at the bottom of the outer side of the second supporting body 102, wherein one end of the rainwater drainage pipe is connected with the rainwater collecting tank 108, and the other end of the rainwater drainage pipe is connected with the rainwater collecting tank 105. In addition, the rainwater collecting tank 105 is also connected with a sprinkling irrigation device 5 for providing irrigation and spraying for the greenhouse plants, so that water resources can be effectively saved, and the system is particularly suitable for northern arid areas.
The inner side of the light-transmitting plate 103 is uniformly provided with a plurality of LED lamps 107, and the LED lamps 107 comprise a plurality of red LED lamps, a plurality of blue LED lamps and a plurality of white LED lamps. The wavelength of the blue light LED lamp is 450-460 nm or 460-470 nm; the wavelength of the red LED lamp is 620-630nm or 640-660 nm. The light sources with the wavelengths all enable the plants to generate the optimal photosynthesis, and not only can supplement light for the plants in the light shortage time, but also enable the plants to promote the differentiation of multiple lateral branches and buds in the growth process, accelerate the growth of roots, stems and leaves, accelerate the synthesis of plant carbohydrates and vitamins, and shorten the growth period of the plants.
The solar photovoltaic module 2 comprises a plurality of sprocket transmission shafts 202 which are horizontally arranged at equal intervals along the length direction of the greenhouse main body 1 and are positioned on the surface of the light-transmitting plate 103, a solar cell panel 201 fixed on the sprocket transmission shafts 202, a driving mechanism 204 positioned on the upper part of the first supporting body 101, a chain 203 for transmitting the power output by the driving mechanism 204 to the plurality of sprocket transmission shafts 202, and an electricity storage module 205 positioned on the top of the heat pump machine room 104. The solar cell panel 201 preferably adopts a thin-film solar cell panel with high light transmittance, so that the light transmittance requirement of crops in the greenhouse on solar rays can be met as much as possible under the condition of ensuring the power generation efficiency so as to meet the normal growth requirement of the crops.
Specifically, the driving mechanism 204 drives the sprocket transmission shaft 202 to rotate slowly through the chain transmission mechanism composed of the chain 203 and the sprocket at the center of the sprocket transmission shaft 202, and then drives the solar cell panel 201 to rotate slowly and adjust the incident angle with the sunlight, so as to improve the power generation efficiency of the solar cell panel 201 to the maximum extent.
The chain wheel transmission shaft 202 is fixed on the main body frame of the greenhouse main body 1 through bearings at two ends of the chain wheel transmission shaft, meanwhile, the solar cell panels 201 are installed on the chain wheel transmission shaft 202 at equal intervals and at equal inclination angles and rotate together with the chain wheel transmission shaft 202, and in addition, the solar cell panels 201 can also be easily unloaded from the chain wheel transmission shaft 202, so that the maintenance, the repair and the replacement operation are convenient.
The electric energy generated by the solar photovoltaic module 2 is stored in the electric storage module 205, the electric storage module 205 can provide electric energy for other electric devices in the greenhouse system 100, and the electric storage module 205 can automatically switch to the public power grid power supply mode only when the electric quantity of the electric storage module 205 is insufficient, so that the cost of electric charges is reduced as much as possible. In addition, the power storage module 205 can also provide power supply for the ground source heat pump device 3, so that the power supply of the greenhouse system 100 can be self-sufficient as far as possible.
The ground source heat pump device 3 comprises a heat pump unit 301 arranged in the heat pump machine room 104, a plurality of U-shaped underground buried pipes 302 which are connected with one end of the heat pump unit 301, penetrate through the rainwater collecting tank 105 downwards and are buried underground, and a tail end air conditioner 303 which is connected with one end of the heat pump unit 301 and is arranged on the upper portion of the inner side of the first supporting body 101. The rainwater collecting tank 105 not only serves as a water source for the sprinkling irrigation device 5, but also serves as a heat exchange medium for the underground pipe 302 in the ground source heat pump device 3.
The heat pump unit 301 includes a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser and an expansion valve, and its cooling and heating processes are as follows:
1) and (3) cooling: the compressor in the heat pump unit 301 applies work to the refrigerant to enable the refrigerant to perform steam-liquid conversion circulation, heat carried by the circulation of the terminal air conditioner 303 (also called as a fan coil) is absorbed into the refrigerant through the evaporation of the refrigerant in the evaporator, the heat carried by the refrigerant is absorbed by the water path circulation formed by the underground pipe 302 through the condensation of the refrigerant in the condenser at the same time of the refrigerant circulation, and finally the heat is transferred to the rainwater collection pool 105, the underground water and the underground soil through the water path circulation. In the process of continuously transferring heat in the greenhouse to the underground, the greenhouse is cooled in the form of cold wind by the terminal air conditioner 303.
2) And (3) heating process: the compressor in the heat pump unit 301 applies work to the refrigerant and reverses the flow direction of the refrigerant through the reversing valve. The water channel formed by the underground buried pipes 302 absorbs heat in the rainwater collection tank 105, underground water and underground soil, absorbs the heat in the water channel into a refrigerant through evaporation of the refrigerant in the condenser, and absorbs the heat carried by the refrigerant through condensation of the refrigerant in the evaporator while the refrigerant circulates by the end air conditioner 303. During the process of transferring the heat in the ground to the greenhouse, the greenhouse is heated by the terminal air conditioner 303 in the form of hot wind.
The integrated control unit 4, as shown in fig. 3, includes a central processing unit 401 for determining and calculating, a photovoltaic controller 402 for controlling the solar photovoltaic module 2, a heat pump controller 403 for controlling the heat pump unit 301, a light controller 404 for controlling the on/off of the LED lamp 107, a fan controller 405 for controlling the on/off of the axial flow fan 106, an air conditioner controller 406 for controlling the terminal air conditioner 303, a sprinkling irrigation controller 407 for controlling the sprinkling irrigation device 5, and a touch display screen 408.
The top of the uppermost solar cell panel 201 is further provided with a photosensitive sensor 206 facing the same direction as the solar cell panel 201, and a temperature sensor 304 is arranged at the middle lower part of the inner side of the first support 101. The photosensitive sensor 206 and the temperature sensor 304 are respectively used for sensing a sunlight intensity value Y outside the greenhouse and a temperature value T outside the greenhouse, the sunlight intensity value Y and the temperature value T are transmitted to the central processing unit 401 in real time, and the central processing unit 401 further performs judgment processing according to the Y value and the T value and sends control information to the integrated control unit 4.
In addition, as shown in fig. 4, the present invention also discloses an automatic control method 200 of the greenhouse system 100 based on solar energy and ground source heat pump, wherein the method 200 comprises the following steps:
a) the photosensitive sensor 206 acquires the sunlight illumination intensity value Y in real time and transmits the illumination intensity value Y to the central processing unit 401, and then the step b) is carried out;
the temperature sensor 304 acquires a temperature value T in the greenhouse system 100 in real time and transmits the temperature value T to the central processor 401, and then the step f) is carried out;
b) the central processing unit 401 judges the numerical value of the obtained illumination intensity value Y and the starting threshold value S, returns to the step a) to obtain the illumination intensity value Y again when Y is less than S, starts the driving mechanism 204 of the solar photovoltaic module 2 when Y is more than or equal to S and enters the step c);
the central processing unit 401 determines the obtained illumination intensity value Y and the light threshold value Y0When the numerical value of Y is<Y0Then turn on LED lamp 107, when Y>Y0Turning off the LED lamp 107, and returning to the step a) to obtain the sunlight illumination intensity value Y again;
c) the driving mechanism 204 rotates clockwise and drivesThe solar panel 201 rotates slowly and uniformly, and the photosensitive sensor 206 acquires a series of illumination intensity values Y in the rotation process of the solar panel 201iAnd transmits to the central processing unit 401, and then enters step d);
d) the central processing unit 401 determines the obtained illumination intensity value Yi-1、YiSize between and YiThe starting threshold value S; when S is<Yi<Yi-1The time drive mechanism 204 stops rotating immediately and returns to the step c) after keeping the stopped state for one hour; when Y isi<S, the driving mechanism 204 rotates anticlockwise and drives the solar panel 201 to return to the initial state, and then the step e) is carried out;
e) when the solar panel 201 returns to the initial state, closing the driving mechanism 204 and returning to the step a) again;
f) the central processing unit 401 determines the acquired temperature value T and the temperature threshold value T1、T2When the value of (A) is T<T1When the temperature is higher than the preset temperature, the tail end air conditioner 303 is started to heat, and when the temperature is T>T2When the temperature is higher than the preset temperature, the tail end air conditioner 303 is started to cool, and when the temperature is T2<T<T1Then the terminal air conditioner 303 is turned off, and then the step a) is returned to obtain the temperature value T in the greenhouse system 100 again.
The automatic control method 200 effectively ensures that the power generation efficiency of the solar cell panel 201 is always in the best state by continuously and automatically adjusting the angle relationship between the solar cell panel 201 and the sunlight, and in addition, the starting threshold value S and the light threshold value Y in the automatic control method 2000Temperature threshold T1And T2The threshold value can be set according to the actual requirement, and the automatic control method 200 can be switched to the local manual control mode at any time.
In addition, the present invention also discloses a second embodiment of the solar photovoltaic module 2 (the solar photovoltaic module 2 described above is the first embodiment), and as shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6, the solar photovoltaic module 2 in this second embodiment comprises a plurality of strip-shaped thin-film photovoltaic modules 207, a driving wheel 208 and a first guide wheel 209 located on the top of the first support 101, a second guide wheel 203 located on the top of the second support 102, a third guide wheel 210 located on the inner side of the bottom of the first support 101, and an electricity storage module 205. The photosensitive sensor 206 in this second embodiment is located at the uppermost end of the first support 101 and is oriented in the same direction as the flexible thin film battery 207a, and the driving wheel 208 and the first guiding wheel 209 are located at the top of the first support 101 and are closely spaced.
As shown in fig. 6, the spacing between the drive wheel 208 and the second guide wheel 203 is equal to the spacing between the drive wheel 208 and the third guide wheel 210. The strip-shaped thin film photovoltaic module 207 is formed by detachably splicing a flexible thin film cell 207a, a sunshade net 207b and a light-transmitting net 207c together end to end, wherein the flexible thin film cell 207a and the sunshade net 207b respectively occupy one fourth of the total length of the strip-shaped thin film photovoltaic module 207.
As shown in fig. 5, the driving wheel 208 drives the strip-shaped thin film photovoltaic module 207 to rotate clockwise around the driving wheel 208, the first guiding wheel 209, the second guiding wheel 203 and the third guiding wheel 210 in sequence. When the flexible thin film battery 207a rotates to the outermost surface of the light-transmitting plate 103, the greenhouse space 100 enters a power generation and energy storage mode; when the sunshade net 207b rotates to the outermost surface of the light-transmitting plate 103, the greenhouse space 100 enters a sunshade and strong light-proof mode; when the light transmitting net 207c is rotated to the outermost surface of the light transmitting panel 103, the greenhouse space 100 enters the photosynthesis mode.
The solar photovoltaic module 2 in the second embodiment adopts the multifunctional strip-shaped thin-film photovoltaic module 207, and has the advantages of ingenious and compact overall structure design, multiple working modes, high intelligent degree and the like.
In summary, the greenhouse system 100 based on solar energy and ground source heat pump of the present invention skillfully applies two clean energy sources, namely solar energy and geothermal energy, to the greenhouse system, so as to effectively reduce the energy consumption and carbon emission of the greenhouse system, and at the same time, the technology of the rotatable solar cell panel 201 or the ribbon-shaped thin film photovoltaic module 207 is creatively adopted, and in addition, an intelligent and efficient automatic control method of the greenhouse system 100 is provided, so that the greenhouse system 100 utilizing geothermal energy and solar energy of the present invention has the advantages of good energy saving and environmental protection effects, high solar power generation efficiency, high operating efficiency of the ground source heat pump, smart and compact overall structure design, high automation degree, and the like.
The figures are merely schematic and not drawn to scale. While the invention has been described in connection with preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.