CN108955589B - In-situ measurement method and device for embedding depth of toughened glass - Google Patents
In-situ measurement method and device for embedding depth of toughened glass Download PDFInfo
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- CN108955589B CN108955589B CN201811115010.4A CN201811115010A CN108955589B CN 108955589 B CN108955589 B CN 108955589B CN 201811115010 A CN201811115010 A CN 201811115010A CN 108955589 B CN108955589 B CN 108955589B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of ultrasonic measurement. The method and the device can accurately measure the embedding depth of the toughened glass and have the characteristics of simplicity and convenience. The technical scheme is as follows: a method for measuring the embedding depth of toughened glass is characterized by comprising the following measuring steps: 1) measuring the sound velocity of the tempered glass; 2) calculating an incident angle; 3) calibrating a creeping wave probe; 4) and measuring the embedding depth of the toughened glass.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ultrasonic measurement, relates to an in-situ measurement method and device for measuring the embedding depth of toughened glass by using ultrasonic creeping waves, and is suitable for in-situ measurement of the embedding depth of the toughened glass in the engineering of stainless steel toughened glass fences and the like.
Background
With the development of economic society, the stainless steel toughened glass fence is more and more widely used in the life of people. The stainless steel toughened glass guardrail is mainly characterized in that a stainless steel upright post is fixed on the base through an expansion bolt, a clamping groove is formed in the upright post, and toughened glass is placed in the clamping groove of the upright post for fixing. The reliability of the installation of the toughened glass is mainly ensured by the depth of the toughened glass embedded into the clamping groove. In order to ensure safety, project acceptance and safety inspection, the embedded depth of the toughened glass needs to be measured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an in-situ measurement method and device for the embedding depth of toughened glass, which can accurately measure the embedding depth of the toughened glass and have the characteristics of simplicity and convenience so as to meet the actual requirement.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a method for measuring the embedding depth of toughened glass is characterized by comprising the following measuring steps:
1) measuring the sound velocity of tempered glass
Placing an ultrasonic straight probe on the surface of toughened glass, and taking a bipolar rectangular pulse signal generated by a signal source as an excitation signal after power amplification; ultrasonic signal received by ultrasonic straight probeAfter pre-amplification, the signals are collected by a digital oscilloscope; acoustic velocity C of tempered glass2LCalculated by the following formula:
C2L＝2m/T
wherein m is the thickness of the toughened glass, T is the time interval between 1 bottom wave and 2 bottom waves on a digital oscilloscope, and the sound velocity C of the toughened glass2LThe speed of longitudinal wave propagation in the toughened glass (the speed of creeping wave is the same as the speed of longitudinal wave); the digital oscilloscope adopts an external triggering working mode to be synchronous with a signal source;
2) calculating the angle of incidence
According to Snell's law theta ═ arcsin (C)1L/C2L) Calculating an incident angle theta corresponding to generation of creeping in the tempered glass, wherein C1LIs the longitudinal wave velocity in the wedge;
3) calibration creeping wave probe
Replacing the ultrasonic straight probe with a creeping wave probe and then placing the ultrasonic straight probe on the surface of the toughened glass to ensure that the distance between the front edge of the probe and the edge of the toughened glass is L0(ii) a Reading echo time t of toughened glass edge on digital oscilloscopeGeneral assemblyThe ultrasonic wave travels for a time t in the path associated with the wedgeCorrelationObtained from the following equation:
The creeping wave probe adopts a dual-crystal creeping wave probe with separate excitation and receiving, and the incident angle theta is determined according to the calculated data; the materials of the wedge blocks in the ultrasonic straight probe and the creeping wave probe are the same;
4) measuring the depth of insertion of tempered glass
Placing the creeping wave probe on the surface of the toughened glass to be embedded with the depth to be measured again, and simultaneously measuring the front edge of the creeping wave probe close to the edge of the stainless steel clamping groove; reading echo time t 'of tempered glass edge from digital oscilloscope'General assembly(ii) a Depth L 'of embedding of tempered glass'0Obtained from the following equation:
L′0＝C2L×tis irrelevantWherein:
the repetition frequency of the bipolar rectangular pulse is 100 HZ.
When the ultrasonic straight probe or the creeping wave probe is used for measurement, water or liquid detergent is used as a coupling agent.
The utility model provides a measuring device of normal position measurement toughened glass embedding degree of depth which characterized in that: the detection device comprises a detection probe for generating ultrasonic waves through an inverse piezoelectric effect and receiving the ultrasonic waves through the piezoelectric effect, a pulse generation device for applying generated electric pulses to the detection probe, a receiving device for amplifying and filtering ultrasonic signals received by the detection probe and a signal acquisition and display device for converting analog signals output by the receiving device into digital signals and displaying the propagation time of the ultrasonic waves;
the detection probe is an ultrasonic straight probe or a creeping wave probe; the pulse generating device consists of a signal source and a power amplifier which amplifies a signal output by the signal source and then outputs the signal to the detection probe; the signal acquisition and display device is also connected with a signal source to realize an external trigger working mode synchronous with the signal source.
The signal acquisition and display device is sequentially communicated with the receiving device and the detection probe through signal lines to process signals received by the detection probe.
The creeping wave probe is a dual-crystal creeping wave probe with separate excitation and receiving.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method and the device can quickly and effectively measure the embedding depth of the toughened glass, have the characteristics of high accuracy, high measuring efficiency, convenience and practicability, and are popular with use units.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the connection relationship of the components when the acoustic velocity of the tempered glass is measured according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of waveforms displayed by an oscilloscope when performing a sound velocity measurement.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship of the components when the parameters of the creeping wave probe are calibrated.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the generation of a creeping wave.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the propagation path of ultrasonic waves in the wedge and the tempered glass.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the connection relationship between the parts when the depth of the tempered glass is measured according to the present invention.
In the figure: the signal source is 1, the power amplifier is 2, the digital oscilloscope is 3, the preamplifier is 4, the wedge block is 5, the piezoelectric wafer is 6, the toughened glass is 7, and the stainless steel clamping groove is 8.
Detailed Description
The following is further illustrated by the examples of the invention.
Generation of the creeping wave: the creeping wave probe is composed of a piezoelectric wafer 6 and a wedge 5, the piezoelectric wafer is used for exciting and receiving ultrasonic waves, the wedge is used for protecting the piezoelectric wafer, an included angle is formed between the piezoelectric wafer of the probe and the surface of a workpiece, the ultrasonic waves emitted by the piezoelectric wafer are ensured to be incident to the interface between the wedge and the workpiece according to a set inclined angle, so that required waveform conversion is generated at the interface, and sound beams with specific waveforms and angles are formed in the workpiece. The angle theta between the propagation path of the ultrasonic wave in the wedge and the normal of the surface of the workpiece is called the angle of incidence, and the angle between the propagation path in the workpiece and the normal of the surface of the workpiece is called the angle of refraction.
According to the propagation characteristics of ultrasonic waves, when an ultrasonic longitudinal wave obliquely propagates from one medium to the interface of another medium, a waveform transition is generated in the other medium. According to Snell's law, the longitudinal wave (speed of sound C) in wedge1LWhen the incident angle is theta) is obliquely incident on the solid workpiece, a refracted longitudinal wave (sound velocity C) is generated in the solid workpiece2LAngle of refraction β) and refracted transverse wave (speed of sound C)2sThe refraction angle is α), the incident longitudinal wave and the refracted longitudinal wave, the refracted transverse wave satisfy the following relations:
when the incident angle is increased to make the longitudinal wave refraction angle 90 °, a creeping wave is generated, and the creeping wave is the longitudinal wave with the refraction angle of 90 °.
The invention uses climbing to measure, and concretely comprises the following steps:
1) measuring the climbing sound velocity of toughened glass
As shown in fig. 1, an ultrasonic straight probe (composed of a piezoelectric wafer 6 and a wedge 5, in which an incident angle θ is zero) is placed on the upper surface of a tempered glass 7, using water or detergent as a coupling agent. A signal source 1 (usually an ultrasonic generator) generates a bipolar rectangular pulse signal (with the repetition frequency of 100Hz) which is used as an excitation signal after passing through a power amplifier 2; after being amplified by a preamplifier 4, an ultrasonic signal received by the ultrasonic straight probe is collected by a digital oscilloscope 3; the digital oscilloscope 3 adopts an external trigger working mode to be synchronous with a signal source. The time interval T between 1 bottom wave 11 and 2 bottom waves 12 (as shown in fig. 2; 3 bottom waves 13 and 4 bottom waves 14 are also shown) is read on the digital oscilloscope 3, and can be calculated according to the formula C2LCalculating the sound velocity as 2 m/T; wherein m is the thickness of the toughened glass; the measured sound velocity is the speed of longitudinal wave propagation in the toughened glass, and the speed of creeping wave is the same as the speed of longitudinal wave.
2) Calculating the angle of incidence
According to Snell's law theta ═ arcsin (C)1L/C2L) Calculating the corresponding incident angle theta when creeping wave is generated in the toughened glass; wherein C is1LThe longitudinal wave speed in the wedge block can be found from data; c2LIs the velocity of the creeping wave in the tempered glass.
3) Calibration creeping wave probe
The method comprises the steps of amplifying bipolar rectangular pulses (pulse repetition frequency is 100Hz) sent by a signal source through power to be used as excitation signals, pre-amplifying received ultrasonic signals, and collecting the ultrasonic signals by using a digital oscilloscope, wherein the digital oscilloscope adopts an external trigger working mode to be synchronous with the signal source.
Placing a creeping wave probe on the upper surface of the tempered glass and keeping the incidence angle theta determined by calculation, and using water or detergent as a coupling agent, wherein the propagation path of the ultrasonic wave (see fig. 5) is A → O → B → C → B → O → A, the ultrasonic wave propagates in the wedge block along the A → O path in the form of longitudinal wave, and the creeping wave propagating along the surface of the workpiece is generated by refraction when the ultrasonic wave propagates to the O point; the creeping wave continues to propagate along the path O → B → C, and to the interface at C, a reflected echo is generated, propagating along the path C → B → O → a.
The time of propagation of the ultrasonic wave along the path A → O → B → C → B → O → A is the total time of propagation of the ultrasonic wave in the wedge and the workpiece, and can be read from a digital oscilloscope and is denoted as tGeneral assembly(ii) a The propagation time of the ultrasonic wave along the A → O path is the propagation time of the ultrasonic wave in the wedge, the propagation time along the O → B path is the propagation time of the ultrasonic wave in the workpiece in the region below the wedge, and the propagation time of the A → O → B path is called "the propagation time of the ultrasonic wave with respect to the wedge, and is denoted by tCorrelation", the propagation time along the B → C path is the time of the ultrasonic wave propagating in the workpiece in the outer region of the wedge, and is called" ultrasonic wave propagation time independent of the wedge, and is denoted by tIs irrelevant”：
During calibration, the distance between the front edge of the probe and the edge of the toughened glass is made to be L0，tIs irrelevant＝L0/C2L(ii) a Measuring ultrasonic wave propagation time t by using digital oscilloscopeGeneral assemblyThen, t can be obtainedCorrelation。
4) Measuring the depth of embedding of tempered glass (see FIG. 6)
Placing the creeping wave probe on the upper surface of the toughened glass to be embedded with depth to be measured again, wherein the front edge of the probe is next to the edge of the stainless steel clamping groove 8, and water or detergent is used as a coupling agent; reading echo time t 'of the edge of the toughened glass 7 from the digital oscilloscope 3'General assembly，
Calculating the travel time t of the acoustic beam along the path B → CIs irrelevant：
Calculating tempered glass embedding depth L'0：
L′0＝C2L×tIs irrelevant。
The invention also provides a measuring device for in-situ measurement of the embedding depth of the toughened glass, wherein in the detecting device, a detecting probe (consisting of a piezoelectric wafer 6 and a wedge 5) can generate ultrasonic waves through a piezoelectric effect and receive the ultrasonic waves through an inverse piezoelectric effect; the pulse generating device consists of a signal source 1 and a power amplifier 2, and applies the generated electric pulse to the detection probe; the receiving device 4 amplifies and filters the ultrasonic signals received by the detection probe; the signal acquisition and display device 3 receives the analog signal output by the receiving device, converts the analog signal into a digital signal through digital sampling, and displays the ultrasonic wave propagation time.
The pulse generating device consists of a signal source and a power amplifier 2 which amplifies the signal output by the signal source and then outputs the signal to the detection probe; the signal acquisition and display device is sequentially connected with the receiving device and the detection probe through signal lines to process signals received by the detection probe, and is also connected with a signal source to realize an external trigger working mode synchronous with the signal source.
The ultrasonic straight probe, the twin-crystal creeping wave probe, the digital oscilloscope, the signal source, the preamplifier, the power amplifier and other components can be directly purchased.
Example 1
The method for measuring the tempered glass embedding depth of the stainless steel tempered glass fence of a certain building comprises the following steps:
1) measuring the creep wave sound velocity C of toughened glass2L
An ultrasonic straight probe is placed on the upper surface of the toughened glass, and the detergent is used as a coupling agent. The signal source generates a bipolar rectangular pulse signal (repetition frequency 100Hz) which is used as an excitation signal after power amplification, the ultrasonic signal received by the straight probe is acquired by a digital oscilloscope after pre-amplification, and the digital oscilloscope adopts an external trigger working mode to be synchronous with the signal source.
The time interval T between reading the 1 st bottom wave and the 2 nd bottom wave on a digital oscilloscope is 3.39us according to formula C2LCalculating the longitudinal wave sound velocity in the tempered glass at 2m/T
Wherein m is the thickness of the toughened glass and is 10 mm;
the speed of creeping wave in the toughened glass is the same as that of longitudinal wave, so that the speed of creeping wave is 5.9 mm/us.
2) Selective creeping wave probe
Because the wedge block is made of organic glass, the longitudinal wave sound velocity C of the wedge block is found from the data1LIs 2.3 mm/us; according to the formula theta ═ arcsin (C)1L/C2L) The beam incident angle θ in the wedge was calculated to be 22.94 °.
A dual crystal creeping wave probe with an angle of incidence of 22.94 deg. is chosen with excitation and reception separated.
3) Calibration creeping wave probe
Placing the creeping wave probe on the upper surface of the toughened glass to ensure that the distance L between the front edge of the probe and the edge of the toughened glass0Keep 10mm and use detergent as coupling agent. Reading the total propagation time t of the ultrasonic waves in the wedge block and the toughened glass from a digital oscilloscopeGeneral assembly17.2us, time of propagation of the ultrasonic wave along the B → C path
The ultrasound travels along the A → O → B path
4) Measuring the depth of insertion of tempered glass
Placing the creeping wave probe on the upper surface of the toughened glass to be measured again, and measuring the embedding depth of certain toughened glass by the leading edge of the probe close to the edge of the stainless steel clamping groove;
reading total propagation time t 'of ultrasonic waves from digital oscilloscope'General assembly＝18.88us；
Ultrasonic wave is along the wayPath B → C propagation time
The embedding depth of the toughened glass is as follows: l'0＝C2L×tIs irrelevant＝5.9×2.54＝15mm；
And (6) finishing detection.
Claims (3)
1. A method for measuring the embedding depth of toughened glass is characterized by comprising the following measuring steps:
1) measuring the sound velocity of tempered glass
Placing an ultrasonic straight probe on the surface of toughened glass, and taking a bipolar rectangular pulse signal generated by a signal source as an excitation signal after power amplification; after being pre-amplified, an ultrasonic signal received by the ultrasonic straight probe is collected by a digital oscilloscope; acoustic velocity C of tempered glass2LCalculated by the following formula:
C2L＝2m/T
wherein m is the thickness of the toughened glass, T is the time interval between 1 time bottom wave (11) and 2 times bottom wave (12) on a digital oscilloscope, and the sound velocity C of the toughened glass2LThe speed of longitudinal wave propagation in the tempered glass; the digital oscilloscope adopts an external triggering working mode to be synchronous with a signal source;
2) calculating the angle of incidence
According to Snell's law theta ═ arcsin (C)1L/C2L) Calculating the corresponding incident angle theta when creeping wave is generated in the tempered glass, wherein C1LThe longitudinal wave speed in the wedge block can be found from data;
3) calibration creeping wave probe
Replacing the ultrasonic straight probe with a creeping wave probe and then placing the ultrasonic straight probe on the surface of the toughened glass to ensure that the distance between the front edge of the probe and the edge of the toughened glass is L0(ii) a Reading echo time t of toughened glass edge on digital oscilloscopeGeneral assemblyThe ultrasonic wave travels for a time t in the path associated with the wedgeCorrelationObtained from the following equation:
The creeping wave probe adopts a dual-crystal creeping wave probe with separate excitation and receiving, and the incident angle theta is determined according to the calculated data; the materials of the wedge blocks in the ultrasonic straight probe and the creeping wave probe are the same;
4) measuring the depth of insertion of tempered glass
Placing the creeping wave probe on the surface of the toughened glass to be embedded with the depth to be measured again, and simultaneously measuring the front edge of the creeping wave probe close to the edge of the stainless steel clamping groove; reading echo time t 'of tempered glass edge from digital oscilloscope'General assembly(ii) a Depth L 'of embedding of tempered glass'0Obtained from the following equation:
L′0＝C2L×tis irrelevantWherein:
2. the method for measuring the embedding depth of the tempered glass as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the repetition frequency of the bipolar rectangular pulse is 100 HZ.
3. The method for measuring the embedding depth of the tempered glass as claimed in claim 2, wherein: when the ultrasonic straight probe or the creeping wave probe is used for measurement, water or liquid detergent is used as a coupling agent.
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| CN103308011A (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2013-09-18 | 南京航空航天大学 | Ultrasonic film thickness measuring instrument and measuring method thereof |
| CN204988216U (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2016-01-20 | 东莞职业技术学院 | Cable conductor is eccentric to be detected and adjusting device |
| GB2544108A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2017-05-10 | 3-Sci Ltd | Ultrasonic thickness gauge |
| CN107037128A (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2017-08-11 | 厦门大学 | The method and apparatus that adhesive structure degree of injury is assessed based on zero group velocity mode |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN202814931U (en) * | 2012-09-22 | 2013-03-20 | 华南理工大学 | Self-adaption ultrasonic rail fault detection device based on frequency spectrum cognition |
| CN103308011A (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2013-09-18 | 南京航空航天大学 | Ultrasonic film thickness measuring instrument and measuring method thereof |
| CN204988216U (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2016-01-20 | 东莞职业技术学院 | Cable conductor is eccentric to be detected and adjusting device |
| GB2544108A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2017-05-10 | 3-Sci Ltd | Ultrasonic thickness gauge |
| CN107037128A (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2017-08-11 | 厦门大学 | The method and apparatus that adhesive structure degree of injury is assessed based on zero group velocity mode |
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