CN108943947A - 一种真空嵌套型高效抗寒结构材料 - Google Patents
一种真空嵌套型高效抗寒结构材料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种真空嵌套型高效抗寒结构材料，由抗寒层、保温材料和内饰层构成，抗寒层由耐寒长玻纤增强耐寒树脂材料构成，抗寒层外表面涂覆一层高抗寒涂料，内饰层由基布层、接着层、耐寒层和表层构成，基布层为网状无纺布层，接着层为聚氨酯发泡层，耐寒层为聚醚多元醇层，表层为聚碳酸酯层，表层上方设有水性聚碳聚氨酯树脂表面处理层；抗寒层和内饰层之间为密闭真空结构，内部填充保温材料，保温材料由低导热真空绝热板构成。本发明采用真空嵌套型抗寒结构，双层真空结构极大地隔绝了热量的传递，保持了内部温度的稳定；表面采用抗寒层，同时在内部设置耐寒层，抗寒层耐寒温度可达到‑40~‑20℃，可实现结构在高寒环境下服役。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高效抗寒结构材料，特别是涉及一种真空嵌套型高效抗寒结构材料。
背景技术
随着社会经济水平的不断提高以及消费健康、安全意识的增强，人们在追求高铁汽车外形和动力的同时，也越来越关注车体内饰的功能和美感，关注乘坐的舒适性，更加关注内饰材料的环保、耐寒性能等。
现有的耐寒材料包括通用级ABS、长玻纤增强PP复合材料以及PVC皮革等。ABS兼具PB橡胶的韧性、低温抗冲击性和聚丙烯腈（PAN）树脂的耐热、化学稳定性及聚苯乙烯（PS）的刚性和光泽性，但是ABS在寒冷地区，如我国的东北地区、俄罗斯西伯利亚地区使用时，其制成的车体内饰件会产生严重的开裂现象。长玻纤增强PP复合材料具有重量轻、强度高、抗冲击性好、尺寸稳定性好等特点，在实际应用中被可用来替代传统的增强工程塑料甚至钢材等金属材料，但填充有长玻纤的PP复合材料其耐寒性能往往较为低下，尤其是长玻纤在低温条件下容易断裂，而裂口又进一步降低PP复合材料的韧性，最终导致PP复合材料在低温环境中容易脆化，抗冲性能不足，难以胜任低温条件下车体零部件对材料力学性能的要求。PVC皮革常常用于高铁或者动车的座椅面料中去，现有的PVC皮革中添加的阻燃剂比较单一，阻燃效果较差，在温度较低时会变的非常硬，吸热的能力不足，在低温下折叠时容易断裂。因此，设计一种高效抗寒结构材料来解决这一突出问题是一个很好的市场机遇。
申请号为201210317786.0的中国发明专利公开了一种改性的耐寒ABS板材的加工方法，包括以下步骤：1) 配料、2) 混合搅拌、3) 干燥、4) 挤出塑化、5) 挤板坯、6) 三辊压光、7) 牵伸冷却、8) 计米剪板、9) 检验、10) 包装、11) 产品进仓与及时进行废料处理；该发明在保证断裂伸强度、弯曲强度等指标前堤下，加入熔融指数和断裂伸长率较大的ABS和玻璃化温度较低的各种热塑性弹性体与橡胶，采用特定的加工工艺来增加韧性，提高ABS的断裂伸长率和冲击性能。
申请号为201510953914.4的中国发明专利公开了一种耐寒的长玻纤、包含该长玻纤的耐寒PP复合材料及其制备方法，该发明依次对长玻纤进行正庚烷浸泡、热浸、丙酮洗涤等处理，尤其是热浸中的增韧溶液，其中包含的甲酰胺、氨基甲酸甲酯可以有效提高长玻纤的耐寒性能，使之在低温条件先仍能保持一定的韧性而不发生断裂，最终表现为提高PP复合材料的缺口抗冲强度。同时选用一定成分的相容剂，提高长玻纤与PP复合材料的相容性。该发明提供的PP复合材料具有优异的抗冲性能、耐寒性，且表面光滑无浮纤，尤其适用于制备用于低温环境的汽车零部件、电子产品元件、仪器仪表部件、航空设备部件等产品。
申请号为201520545785.0的中国实用新型专利公开了一种汽车内饰耐寒PU合成革，包括由下向上依次层叠设置的基布层、接着层和表层，所述基布层为网状无纺布层，所述接着层为聚氨酯发泡层，所述接着层和所述表层之间还设置有耐寒层，所述耐寒层为聚醚多元醇层，所述表层为聚碳酸酯层。通过在接着层和表层之间设置由聚醚多元醇制得的耐寒层，并且其表层为聚碳酸酯层，一方面表层能够向合成革提供保护，延长其使用寿命；另一方面增加聚醚多元醇制得的耐寒层既能够增加合成革的柔韧度，又能够提高其低温使用寿命。
申请号为201610968976.7的中国发明专利公开了一种用于北方市场电动车塑料件上的高抗寒涂料及其制备方法，其特征在于包括以下质量百分比的组分：50~65%的低羟聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂、10~20%的醋酸丁酸纤维素树脂、0.5~6%的珠光粉、10~20%的乙酸丁酯、0.02~1%的流平剂、0.01~0.2%的消泡剂、8~10%的防沉剂和3~5%的附着力促进剂。同时，该发明还公开了上述涂料的制备方法。该发明与传统技术相比，在满足目前电动车主机厂日益所需的靓丽的外观性能要求外更主要的解决了传统电动车塑料件涂料在高寒低温冷冻情况下的涂膜开裂的严重质量问题。
申请号为201610783582.4的中国发明专利公开了一种耐寒的高铁动车用座椅面料及其制备方法，涉及人造皮革技术领域，按重量份包括以下组分：PVC树脂80~100份、填充剂70~80份、增塑剂30~40份、稳定剂4~5份、润滑剂1~2份、阻燃剂3~4份和耐寒剂3~4份；阻燃剂按重量份包括以下组分：全氯环戊癸烷3~4份，氯菌酸1~2份，和氯化金钾3~4份；耐寒剂按重量份包括以下组分：溴化钾0.2~0.3份，CPE3~4份，双酚A0.1~0.2份，环氧十八酯丁酯0.5~0.7份和炭黑1~2份。该发明阻燃效果好，环保性好，而且耐寒效果好，增加皮革的反光能力，增加吸热能力，可以防止皮革寒冷的环境下的僵硬度，皮革温度在低温下也不容易裂开。
如上述几个专利，均公开了本领域相关的技术产品，但是对材料结构的设计较少，因此，急需研制一种抗寒效果更好、结构更加合理的真空嵌套型高效抗寒结构材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的旨在克服现有技术的不足，提供一种真空嵌套型高效抗寒结构材料。
为实现本发明的目的所采用的技术方案是：一种真空嵌套型高效抗寒结构材料，由抗寒层20、保温材料30和内饰层90构成，其特征在于所述的抗寒层20由耐寒长玻纤增强耐寒树脂材料构成，耐寒长玻纤经正庚烷溶液溶胀处理，然后将处理后的耐寒长玻纤浸入增韧溶液，采用超声波震荡洗涤，经烘箱烘干后制得；耐寒树脂材料由聚烯烃弹性体和三元乙丙橡胶颗粒改性聚丙烯树脂得到；所述的抗寒层20外表面涂覆一层高抗寒涂料10，高抗寒涂料10组分包括低羟聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂、醋酸丁酸纤维素树脂、珠光粉、流平剂、消泡剂和附着力促进剂；所述的内饰层90由基布层40、接着层50、耐寒层60和表层70构成，基布层40为网状无纺布层，接着层50为聚氨酯发泡层，耐寒层60为聚醚多元醇层，表层70为聚碳酸酯层；所述的抗寒层20和内饰层90之间为密闭真空结构，内部填充保温材料30，保温材料30由低导热真空绝热板构成。
进一步的，所述的溶胀处理时间为8~12h，增韧溶液温度为70~80℃，烘箱温度为120~140℃；所述的耐寒长玻纤为无碱连续玻纤，纤维直径为1~3μm；所述的耐寒树脂材料按重量计包括5~10%的聚烯烃弹性体，5~10%的三元乙丙橡胶颗粒和80~90%的改性聚丙烯树脂。
进一步的，所述的抗寒层20耐寒温度可达到-40~-20℃。
进一步的，所述的高抗寒涂料10厚度为2~5μm。
进一步的，所述的表层上方设有表面处理层80，由水性聚碳聚氨酯树脂构成。
进一步的，所述的密闭真空结构真空度为0.1~10Pa，低导热真空绝热板厚度为8~12mm，导热系数为0.0012~0.0015W/(m·K)。
本发明的有益效果是：（1）本发明采用真空嵌套型抗寒结构，双层真空结构极大地隔绝了热量的传递，保持了内部温度的稳定；（2）表面采用抗寒层，同时在内部设置耐寒层，可实现结构在高寒环境下服役。
附图说明
图1是一种真空嵌套型高效抗寒结构材料示意图。
图中10为高抗寒涂料，20为抗寒层，30为保温材料，40为基布层，50为接着层，60为耐寒层，70为表层，80为表面处理层，90为内饰层。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐明本发明，应理解这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围，在阅读了本发明之后，本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落于本申请所附权利要求所限定。
实施例
参照图1，是一种真空嵌套型高效抗寒结构材料，由抗寒层20、保温材料30和内饰层90构成，其特征在于所述的抗寒层20由耐寒长玻纤增强耐寒树脂材料构成，耐寒长玻纤经正庚烷溶液溶胀处理，然后将处理后的耐寒长玻纤浸入增韧溶液，采用超声波震荡洗涤，经烘箱烘干后制得；耐寒树脂材料由聚烯烃弹性体和三元乙丙橡胶颗粒改性聚丙烯树脂得到；所述的抗寒层20外表面涂覆一层高抗寒涂料10，高抗寒涂料10组分包括低羟聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂、醋酸丁酸纤维素树脂、珠光粉、流平剂、消泡剂和附着力促进剂；所述的内饰层90由基布层40、接着层50、耐寒层60和表层70构成，基布层40为网状无纺布层，接着层50为聚氨酯发泡层，耐寒层60为聚醚多元醇层，表层70为聚碳酸酯层；所述的抗寒层20和内饰层90之间为密闭真空结构，内部填充保温材料30，保温材料30由低导热真空绝热板构成。
进一步的，所述的溶胀处理时间为8h，增韧溶液温度为70℃，烘箱温度为120℃；所述的耐寒长玻纤为无碱连续玻纤，纤维直径为3μm；所述的耐寒树脂材料按重量计包括5%的聚烯烃弹性体，5%的三元乙丙橡胶颗粒和90%的改性聚丙烯树脂。
进一步的，所述的抗寒层20耐寒温度可达到-20℃。
进一步的，所述的高抗寒涂料10厚度为2μm。
进一步的，所述的表层上方设有表面处理层80，由水性聚碳聚氨酯树脂构成。
进一步的，所述的密闭真空结构真空度为1Pa，低导热真空绝热板厚度为12mm，导热系数为0.0015W/(m·K)。
上述仅为本发明的一个具体实施方式，但本发明的设计构思并不局限于此，凡利用此构思对本发明进行非实质性的改动，均应属于侵犯本发明保护的范围的行为。但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何形式的简单修改、等同变化与改型，仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种真空嵌套型高效抗寒结构材料，由抗寒层、保温材料和内饰层构成，其特征在于所述的抗寒层由耐寒长玻纤增强耐寒树脂材料构成，耐寒长玻纤经正庚烷溶液溶胀处理，然后将处理后的耐寒长玻纤浸入增韧溶液，采用超声波震荡洗涤，经烘箱烘干后制得；耐寒树脂材料由聚烯烃弹性体和三元乙丙橡胶颗粒改性聚丙烯树脂得到；所述的抗寒层外表面涂覆一层高抗寒涂料，高抗寒涂料组分包括低羟聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂、醋酸丁酸纤维素树脂、珠光粉、流平剂、消泡剂和附着力促进剂；所述的内饰层由基布层、接着层、耐寒层和表层构成，基布层为网状无纺布层，接着层为聚氨酯发泡层，耐寒层为聚醚多元醇层，表层为聚碳酸酯层；所述的抗寒层和内饰层之间为密闭真空结构，内部填充保温材料，保温材料由低导热真空绝热板构成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的真空嵌套型高效抗寒结构材料，其特征在于所述的溶胀处理时间为8~12h，增韧溶液温度为70~80℃，烘箱温度为120~140℃；所述的耐寒长玻纤为无碱连续玻纤，纤维直径为1~3μm；所述的耐寒树脂材料按重量计包括5~10%的聚烯烃弹性体，5~10%的三元乙丙橡胶颗粒和80~90%的改性聚丙烯树脂。
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