CN108938662A - 一种阳离子化多糖在制备防治细菌生物膜的药物中的用途 - Google Patents
一种阳离子化多糖在制备防治细菌生物膜的药物中的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108938662A CN108938662A CN201810714603.6A CN201810714603A CN108938662A CN 108938662 A CN108938662 A CN 108938662A CN 201810714603 A CN201810714603 A CN 201810714603A CN 108938662 A CN108938662 A CN 108938662A
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Abstract
本发明公开一种阳离子化多糖的应用,具体是阳离子化多糖在制备抗细菌生物膜药剂、生物医疗设备上抗菌涂抹/喷洒剂以及抗菌功能材料中的用途,所述阳离子化多糖是由天然多糖与季铵盐或多胺类化合物反应得到的带正电荷的多糖。本发明的阳离子化多糖可以与细菌以及构成生物膜细胞外基质中的负电荷多糖相互作用,具有优良的杀菌作用,能够在慢性炎症性疾病、外用设备或设备表面抗菌以及包括含有阳离子化多糖的日化用品、包装用品以及生活用纸等抗菌生物材料方面有良好应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种阳离子化多糖的应用,具体涉及一种阳离子化多糖在制备防治细菌生物膜的试剂或功能材料中的用途,属于生物医药技术领域。
背景技术
天然高分子的多糖具有良好的生物相容性和生物活性,被广泛用于临床、生物医药领域。目前研究较多的是半合成阳离子化修饰的天然多糖,如阳离子化壳聚糖(C-Dextran)、阳离子化白芨多糖(C-BSP)或阳离子化魔芋多糖(C-KGM)等。这些多糖因修饰上的氨基在水溶液中质子化而带有密集的正电荷,这一特性使阳离子化多糖可紧密结合带负电的核酸,作为核酸药物输送的载体。在目前的研究和应用中,天然的阳离子聚合物,如壳聚糖,因其含有大量正电荷而具有优良的抑菌性。因此,推测带正电的阳离子化多糖亦可通过与带负电性的生物大分子相互作用,影响关键生物分子功能,从而影响与之相关的生物活性。
大多数革兰氏阴性细菌及多种革兰氏阳性细菌可形成生物膜(Biofilm),其定义为黏附在物体表面被细菌胞外大分子包裹的细菌群体,更容易引起各种感染。与浮游细菌相比,生物膜细菌因其细胞外聚合体物质的保护,对抗生素的抗性可提高10-1000倍;同时对机体的免疫防御起到一定的抵抗防御作用。这些极大提高了杀菌的难度,促使二次感染、慢性感染的治疗复杂化。因此,当前需要寻找出预防生物膜形成并治疗与生物膜相关病症、对生物医疗设备杀菌消毒以及赋予新型生物功能材料的更好杀菌效果。
目前对于细菌生物膜的防治主要通过使用抗生素,但对于最终形成生物膜的细菌,其对抗生素的处理极具抗性(如铜绿假胞杆菌(P.aeruginosa)),最终使得这些药剂治疗无效。因此,在临床治疗和生物医药中,生物膜的生长、形成仍是一个亟待解决的问题。随着对阳离子化多糖的深入探索,研究人员发现,除了其所修饰的正电荷具有的优良抗菌活性,自身结构对机体特有的生物活性,如激活免疫系统防御功能、促进创伤修复等功能,较以往的抗细菌生物膜的药剂更为广谱、有效。因此,兼具有抗菌和激活机体免疫的活性阳离子化多糖,可作为药物应用于细菌生物膜引起的感染及相关慢性炎症性疾病的治疗。作为对生物医疗设备杀菌涂抹剂以及新型抗菌功能材料的开发应用。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供一种阳离子化多糖在制备防治细菌生物膜的药物中的用途,由于修饰带上正电荷的多糖可以与构成生物膜细胞外基质中的负电荷多糖相互作用,具有优良的杀菌作用,能够在慢性炎症性疾病、外用设备或设备表面抗菌以及包括含有阳离子化多糖的日化用品、包装用品以及生活用纸等抗菌生物材料方面有良好应用。
本发明提供了一种阳离子化多糖在制备抗细菌生物膜药剂、生物医疗设备上抗菌涂抹/喷洒剂以及抗菌功能材料中的用途。
作为改进,所述的阳离子化多糖是采用天然多糖与季铵盐或与多胺类化合物反应得到的带正电荷的阳离子化多糖。
作为改进,所述的天然多糖采用葡聚糖、环糊精、中药植物多糖中的任一种。
作为改进,所述的季铵盐采用3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵、环氧丙基-3-甲基氯化铵中的任一种;所述的多胺类化合物采用精胺、乙二胺或数均分子量为500Da-10000Da的聚乙烯亚胺中的任一种。
作为改进,所述的阳离子化多糖,通过以下方法制备:
通过所述天然多糖与季铵盐发生碱化、醚化反应,其中,碱化过程中加入的碱为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾中的任一种,采用季铵盐与碱的摩尔比为1:1~1:10,天然多糖的质量分数为0.1~5%;或,
通过所述天然多糖与多胺类化合物发生天然多糖羟基的活化和连接多胺反应,其中,反应中加入的活化剂包括强氧化剂高碘酸钾、氯酸盐、N-N-羰基二咪唑中的任一种,采用天然多糖与活化剂的质量比为1:2~1:10,天然多糖与多胺类化合物的摩尔比为1:105~1:106。
作为改进,所述的抗细菌生物膜试剂是以阳离子化多糖为活性成分,加上生物医学上可接受的辅料制备而成的抗菌药剂或采用该抗菌试剂加工制备的生物抗菌材料。
作为改进,所述的抗细菌生物膜试剂为注射药剂、口服药剂、或所述的生物医疗设备外用设备或设备表面的涂抹/喷洒剂;
所述的抗菌功能材料为添加了阳离子化多糖的功能材料,包括具有抗菌功能的日化用品、包装用品、家装用品。
作为改进,所述的抗细菌生物膜药剂用作治疗慢性炎症性疾病的药物,包括用于制备防止外科手术伤口感染、烧烫伤口感染的药物。
作为改进,在所述设备或设备表面上涂抹/喷洒足以抑制生物膜生长形成浓度的阳离子化多糖;所述设备是医疗公共设备,其中医疗设备是诊断设备、治疗设备类及辅助设备类。
作为改进,所述的抑制生物膜生长形成,具体是预防和治疗与细菌生物膜有关的革兰氏阴性和/或革兰氏阳性细菌感染。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1)本发明提供了阳离子化多糖,其采用天然多糖与季铵盐或与多胺类化合物反应,形成带有正电荷的生物大分子物质,一方面可以通过密集的正电荷与细菌生物膜中的负电荷生物大分子相互作用;另一方面又能激活机体免疫防疫机制,如刺激单核巨噬细胞吞噬作用、中性粒细胞的驱化作用以及细胞因子抗体的分泌等。
2)本发明的阳离子化多糖在慢性炎症诱发的创伤愈合过程起到一定的抗感染作用。本发明为进一步研究生物膜中有效成分的生物活性奠定基础;另外,本发明的阳离子化多糖与抗生素药物相比,具有极高的原料选择性,来源丰富,成本较低,分离简单,与生物体相容性好,具备一定的工业化前景;与纯多糖比,在治疗效果上具有更突出的安全性,药效更佳。
3)本发明的阳离子化多糖在生物医疗设备或设备表面涂抹/喷洒起到一定杀菌效果,本发明可进一步设计合成新型功能材料,该材料具备防霉、抗菌等功能,具有一定的经济效益。
附图说明
图1为铜绿假胞杆菌体外培养72小时所形成的成熟生物膜扫描电镜图;
图2为阳离子化多糖对生物膜细菌的杀菌作用,在采用浓度为20mg/ml阳离子化多糖(C-Dextran、C-BSP、C-KGM)处理2h后结晶紫染色检测生物膜中细菌生物量的变化;
图3为本发明阳离子化多糖对生物膜细菌的抑制作用,在采用浓度为20mg/ml阳离子化多糖(C-Dextran、C-BSP、C-KGM)处理2h后生物膜结构的变化,用硫酸蒽酮法检测生物膜中多糖量的变化;
图4本发明中在双光子共焦显微镜下,阳离子化多糖对成熟生物膜的破坏情况:培养基的铜绿假胞杆菌生物膜用等量的PBS存在和使培养物在C-Dextran存在下生长,用荧光染色方法检测生物膜结构是否产生变化,用Rhodamin-lectin染细胞外多糖,Hoechst染细菌核酸;
图5本发明中阳离子化多糖提高抗生素敏感性的效果示意图:阳离子化多糖处理生物膜后,平板活菌计数法研究生物膜中的细菌对抗生素的敏感性是否提高;
图6为阳离子化多糖对于铜绿假胞杆菌感染的小鼠烫伤模型的治疗作用。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明了,下面对本发明进行进一步详细说明。但是应该理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限制本发明的范围。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术术语和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同,本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的,不是旨在于限制本发明。
一种阳离子化多糖在制备抗细菌生物膜药剂、生物医疗设备上抗菌涂抹/喷洒剂以及抗菌功能材料中的用途。
作为改进,所述的阳离子化多糖是采用天然多糖与季铵盐或与多胺类化合物反应得到的带正电荷的阳离子化多糖。
作为改进,所述的天然多糖采用葡聚糖、环糊精、中药植物多糖(纯化的白芨多糖、魔芋多糖、香菇多糖、灵芝多糖、枸杞多糖等)中的任一种。
作为改进,所述的季铵盐采用3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(CHPTAC)、环氧丙基-3-甲基氯化铵(EPTMAC)中的任一种;
所述的多胺类化合物采用精胺、乙二胺或数均分子量为500Da-10000Da的聚乙烯亚胺中的任一种或几种的混合。
作为改进,所述的阳离子化多糖,通过以下方法制备:
通过所述天然多糖与季铵盐发生碱化、醚化反应,其中,碱化过程中加入的碱为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾中的任一种,采用季铵盐与碱的摩尔比为1:1~1:10,天然多糖的质量分数为0.1~5%;或,
通过所述天然多糖与多胺类化合物发生天然多糖羟基的活化和连接多胺反应,其中,反应中加入的活化剂包括强氧化剂高碘酸钾、氯酸盐、N-N-羰基二咪唑中的任一种,采用天然多糖与活化剂的质量比为1:2~1:10,天然多糖与多胺类化合物的摩尔比为1:105~1:106。
作为改进,所述的抗细菌生物膜试剂是以阳离子化多糖为活性成分,加上生物医学上可接受的辅料制备而成的抗菌药剂或采用该抗菌试剂加工制备的生物抗菌材料。使用浓度为0.01-2000mg/ml。
作为改进,所述的抗细菌生物膜试剂为注射药剂、口服药剂、或所述的生物医疗设备外用设备或设备表面的涂抹/喷洒剂;
所述的抗菌功能材料为添加了阳离子化多糖的功能材料,包括具有抗菌功能的日化用品、包装用品、家装用品,可起到抗菌、防霉、除臭的效果。
作为改进,所述的抗细菌生物膜药剂用作治疗慢性炎症性疾病的药物,包括用于制备防止外科手术伤口感染、烧烫伤口感染的药物。
作为改进,在所述设备或设备表面上涂抹/喷洒足以抑制生物膜生长形成浓度的阳离子化多糖;所述设备是医疗公共设备,其中医疗设备是诊断设备、治疗设备类及辅助设备类。
作为进一步的改进,所述的抑制生物膜生长形成,具体是预防和治疗与细菌生物膜有关的革兰氏阴性和/或革兰氏阳性细菌感染。特别适用于选自下组的革兰氏阳性菌或阴性细菌的生物膜:肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)(埃希氏菌属(Escherichia),特别是大肠杆菌(E.coli)、沙门氏菌属(Salmonella)、志贺氏菌属(Shigella)、柠檬酸杆菌属(Citrobacter)、爱德华氏菌属(Edwardsiella)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)、哈夫尼菌属(Hafnia)、克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)特别是肺炎克雷伯氏菌(K.pneumoniae)、摩根氏菌属(Morganella)、变形菌属(Proteus)、普罗威登斯菌属(Providencia)、沙雷氏菌属(Serratia)、耶尔森氏菌属(Yersinia)),假单胞菌科(Pseudomonadaceae)(假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas),特别是铜绿假单胞菌(P.aeruginosa)、伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Burkholderia)、寡氧单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas)、希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella)、鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)、丛毛单胞属(Comamonas)),奈瑟氏菌属(Neisseria)、莫拉氏菌属(Moraxella)、弧菌属(Vibrio)、气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)、布鲁氏菌属(Brucella)、弗朗西丝氏菌属(Francisella)、博德特氏菌属(Bordetella)、军团菌属(Legionella)、巴尔通氏体属(Bartonella)、考克斯氏体属(Coxiella)、嗜血菌属(Haemophilus)、巴斯德氏菌属(Pasteurella)、曼氏杆菌属(Mannheimia)、放线杆菌属(Actinobacillus)、加德纳氏菌属(Gardnerella)、螺旋体科(Spirochaetaceae)(密螺旋体属(Treponema)和疏螺旋体属(Borrelia))、钩端螺旋体科(Leptospiraceae)、弯曲杆菌属(Campylobacter)、螺杆菌属(Helicobacter)、螺菌属(Spirillum)、链杆菌属(Streptobacillus)、拟杆菌科(Bacteroidaceae(拟杆菌属Bacteroides)、梭杆菌属(Fusobacterium)、普雷沃氏菌属(Prevotella)、卟啉单胞菌属(Porphyromonas),不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter),特别是鲍氏不动杆菌(A.baumannii);其中革兰氏阳性细菌选自下组:单核细胞增生利斯特氏菌(Listeria monocytogenes)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)、屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)、肺炎链球菌(Streptococcuspneumoniae)、酿脓链球菌(Streptococcus pyogenes)、变异链球菌(Streptococcus mutans)、马链球菌(Streptococcus equi)、艰难梭菌(Clostridiumdifficile)、肉毒梭菌(Clostridium botulinum)、破伤风梭菌(Clostridiumtetani)、产气荚膜梭菌(Clostridium perfringens)、炭疽芽孢杆菌(Bacillusanthracis)、蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)、疮疱丙酸杆菌(Propionibacterium acnes)、鸟分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium avium)、结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)、白喉棒状杆菌(Corynebacterium diphteriae)、肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma pneumoniae)、放线菌属(Actinomyces)。
本发明通过处理铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、链杆菌以及结核分枝杆菌生物膜以及铜绿假胞、杆菌金黄色葡萄球菌感染的小鼠烫伤模型进行例证。此处的动物包括但是不限于:小鼠,大鼠,驯养动物包括但是不限于猫,狗,以及其它一些动物例如但是不限于牛,羊,猪,马,灵长类动物例如但是不限于猴子和人。细菌感染的小鼠烫伤模型检测是被广泛认可和接受的体内药物活性检测的模型,同时也可以为其它生物例如但是不限于人提供参考。本领域的技术人员将认识到,抑制剂的选择将取决于决定该阳离子化多糖是否适合用于临床环境的许多临床因素。
另外,以下实施例中所使用的葡聚糖来自Sigma-Aldrich(UK),白芨多糖(澳门大学提供),魔芋多糖来自Megazyme(Wicklow,Ireland)但是不应视为对多糖使用来源的限制。
实施例1
C-Dextran溶液的制备。
(1)C-Dextran的制备
称取一定量的葡聚糖于DMSO中,加热至45℃溶解3h,冷却至室温,加入过量的羰基二咪唑(CDI),室温反应3h充分活化,再加入过量的乙二胺,继续搅拌18h,使其充分反应,透析三天,冻干备用;
其中,葡聚糖与DMSO的摩尔比为5:106,葡聚糖与羰基二咪唑的质量比为1:2,葡聚糖与乙二胺摩尔比为1:105;
(2)C-Dextran溶液的配制
分别称取一定量的C-Dextran,加入一定量的4~18MΩ.cm纯水,配制成100mg/ml的母液,0.22μm的过滤器过滤除菌分装保存于-20°。
实施例2
C-BSP溶液的制备
(1)C-BSP的制备
称取一定量的白芨多糖于DMSO中,加热45℃溶解3h,冷却至室温,加入过量的羰基二咪唑(CDI),室温反应3h充分活化,再加入过量的乙二胺,继续搅拌18h,使其充分反应,透析三天,冻干备用;
上述白芨多糖与DMSO的摩尔比为5:106,白芨多糖与羰基二咪唑的质量比为1:2,白芨多糖与乙二胺摩尔比为1:105;
(2)C-BSP母液的配制
分别称取一定量的C-BSP,加入一定量的4~18MΩ.cm纯水,配制成100mg/ml的母液,0.22um的过滤器过滤除菌分装保存于-20℃。
实施例3
C-KGM溶液的制备
(1)C-KGM的制备
称取一定量的魔芋多糖于DMSO中,加热45℃溶解3h,冷却至室温,加入过量的羰基二咪唑(CDI),室温反应3h充分活化,再加入过量的乙二胺,继续搅拌18h,使其充分反应,透析三天,冻干备用;
采用魔芋多糖与DMSO的摩尔比为5:106,白芨多糖与羰基二咪唑的质量比为1:2,魔芋多糖与乙二胺摩尔比为1:105;
(2)C-KGM母液的配制
分别称取一定量的C-KGM,加入一定量的4~18MΩ.cm纯水,配制成100mg/ml的母液,0.22um的过滤器过滤除菌分装保存于-20℃。
实施例4
上述实施例1-3制得C-Dextran溶液、C-BSP溶液和C-KGM溶液的抗细菌生物膜活性的分析。
(1)细菌菌株
本发明中使用的铜绿假胞杆菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)1.2421、金黄色葡萄球菌、链杆菌以及结核分枝杆菌,购于中国普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心。
(2)细菌生物膜的形成
按照文献报道方法,通过Brown平板连续培养法制备铜绿假胞杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、链杆菌以及结核分枝杆菌生物膜体外模型。将铜绿假胞杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、链杆菌以及结核分枝杆菌体外培养72h可形成成熟的生物膜,采用扫描电子显微镜进行生物膜结构观察和鉴定,如图1所示为铜绿假胞杆菌。
(3)抗铜绿假胞杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、链杆菌以及结核分枝杆菌的活性
为了检测本发明的阳离子化多糖对生物膜活性的影响,体外培养出铜绿假胞杆菌成熟的生物膜,分组如下:
空白对照组:用无菌PBS(1x)冲洗一次后,在测试平板的成熟生物膜上加入无菌水作为对照;
抗生素组:用无菌PBS(1x)冲洗一次后,在测试平板的成熟生物膜上加入一定浓度的抗生素作为阳性对照;
C-Dextran组:用无菌PBS(1x)冲洗一次后,在测试平板的成熟生物膜上加入20mg/ml的C-Dextran溶液(由实施例1制备);
C-BSP组:用无菌PBS(1x)冲洗一次后,在测试平板的成熟生物膜上加入20mg/ml的C-BSP溶液(由实施例2制备);
C-KGM组:用无菌PBS(1x)冲洗一次后,在测试平板的成熟生物膜上加入20mg/ml的C-KGM溶液(实施例3制备)
各测试板在37℃下,以24rpm,在gyrorotary震动平台(Grant-bio PS-3D,Shepreth,England)上培养测试平板24小时。结晶紫染色检测生物膜中细菌生物量的变化,将每个测试平板中的上清液转移至新的平板中并在625nm下测定微滴定平板阅读器(BioTek PowerwaveXS,Winooski,USA)上的光密度值。
使用分光光度法检测上清中细菌的含量,结果显示阳离子化多糖处理后生物膜中的上清的细菌含量明显下降,表明阳离子化多糖与细菌及生物膜有强烈的相互作用,可能与多糖发生相互作用,也可能直接具有杀菌作用。具体结果见附图2。
实施例5
上述实施例1-3制得C-Dextran溶液、C-BSP溶液和C-KGM溶液对生物膜的破坏作用。
为了评估阳离子化多糖对生物膜的破坏,检测20mg/ml阳离子化多糖处理2h后生物膜结构的变化。
(1)用硫酸蒽酮法检测生物膜中多糖量的变化
体外培养出铜绿假胞杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、链杆菌以及结核分枝杆菌成熟的生物膜,分组如下:
空白对照组:用无菌PBS(1x)冲洗一次后,在测试平板的成熟生物膜上加入无菌水作为对照;
抗生素组:用无菌PBS(1x)冲洗一次后,在测试平板的成熟生物膜上加入一定浓度的抗生素作为阳性对照;
C-Dextran组:用无菌PBS(1x)冲洗一次后,在测试平板的成熟生物膜上加入20mg/ml的C-Dextran溶液(实施例1制备);
C-BSP组:用无菌PBS(1x)冲洗一次后,在测试平板的成熟生物膜上加入20mg/ml的C-BSP溶液(实施例2制备);
C-KGM组:用无菌PBS(1x)冲洗一次后,在测试平板的成熟生物膜上加入20mg/ml的C-KGM溶液(实施例3制备);
使用硫酸蒽酮法检测培养溶液里可溶性糖的含量,结果显示阳离子化多糖处理后生物膜中的上清的含糖量明显上升,表明阳离子化多糖与生物膜有强烈的相互作用,可能与多糖发生相互作用,也可能直接具有杀菌作用。具体结果见附图3。
(2)用荧光染色方法检测生物膜结构是否产生变化
体外培养出铜绿假胞杆菌成熟的生物膜,分组如下:
空白对照组:用无菌PBS(1x)冲洗一次后,在测试平板的成熟生物膜上加入无菌水作为对照;
抗生素组:用无菌PBS(1x)冲洗一次后,在测试平板的成熟生物膜上加入一定浓度的抗生素作为阳性对照;
C-Dextran组:用无菌PBS(1x)冲洗一次后,在测试平板的成熟生物膜上加入20mg/ml的C-Dextran溶液(实施例1制备);
C-BSP组:用无菌PBS(1x)冲洗一次后,在测试平板的成熟生物膜上加入20mg/ml的C-BSP溶液(实施例2制备);
C-KGM组:用无菌PBS(1x)冲洗一次后,在测试平板的成熟生物膜上加入20mg/ml的C-KGM溶液(实施例3制备);
各组处理两小时后,用Rhodamin-lectin染细胞外多糖,Hoechst染细菌核酸,结果显示阳离子化多糖组对生物膜的结构有明显的影响,生物膜中细菌数目也明显减少到几乎没有细菌的存在。特别是C-Dextran组。结果见附图4。
(3)研究不同浓度的阳离子多糖处理的生物膜对抗生素的敏感性是否提高
体外培养出铜绿假胞杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、链杆菌以及结核分枝杆菌成熟的生物膜,分组如下:
空白对照组:用无菌PBS(1x)冲洗一次后,在测试平板的成熟生物膜上加入无菌水作为对照;
抗生素组:用无菌PBS(1x)冲洗一次后,在测试平板的成熟生物膜上加入一定浓度的抗生素作为阳性对照;
C-Dextran组:用无菌PBS(1x)冲洗一次后,在测试平板的成熟生物膜上分别加入0.1,1,5mg/ml的C-Dextran溶液(实施例1制备);
各组处理生物膜后,加入浓度为2μg/ml环丙沙星(100ul)或无菌PBS(1x,100ul)平板活菌计数,统计结果如图5,显示出高浓度的C-Dextran溶液表现出强烈的杀菌效果,且能够明显提高对抗生素的敏感性。
实施例6
C-Dextran、C-BSP或C-KGM对铜绿假胞杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌处理的慢性炎症感染小鼠模型的作用。
铜绿假胞杆菌是医院感染最主要的条件致病菌之一。患代谢性疾病、血液病和恶性肿瘤的患者,以及术后或某些治疗后的患者易感染本菌。它是重症监护室感染的第二位最常见的病原菌,烧伤时,焦痂下区域可成为大量细菌侵犯的场所,进而成为引起菌血症的病灶,而菌血症常是烧伤的致死性并发症。金黄色葡萄球菌感染多为散发,但其均可在有大面积皮肤损伤病人居住区如烧伤病房、新生儿病房造成流行。传染源病人和带菌者为传染源,人群带菌情况相当普遍。金黄色葡萄球菌皮肤烫伤样综合征,为一种全身表皮剥脱性皮炎,常由产剥脱性毒素的金葡菌所致。近年来细菌耐药情况愈发严重,为临床烧烫伤感染的治疗带来巨大压力。本发明建立了该菌的烫伤小鼠感染模型,使用阳离子化多糖处理伤口,为治疗多重耐药性铜绿假胞杆菌烧烫伤感染提供参考。
按照文献报道方法建立小鼠烫伤模型:
a.取16-18克的ICR雌性小鼠,称重记录,随机分组,每组8只。通过戊巴比妥钠腹腔麻醉,背部去毛,消毒,烫伤仪在小鼠背部皮肤较厚处,采用不同面积的平探头进行100℃烫伤,根据面积和时间设定2.5cm2/10s五组,烫伤后立刻用0.5ml生理盐水进行皮下注射,补充烫伤后渗出的组织液。观察72h内小鼠的活动状况。
b.铜绿假单胞菌及金黄色葡萄球菌感染烫伤小鼠并给药处理
烫伤后,各组小鼠分别皮下注射浓度为1.8x1011CFU/ml的铜绿假单胞菌及金黄色葡萄球菌菌液250μl;对照组小鼠注射同体积的生理盐水。
各组小鼠分别皮下注射导致小鼠死亡的铜绿假胞杆菌/金黄色葡萄球菌的最小浓度为1.8x1011CFU/ml,同时将小鼠随机分为五组:
空白对照组:涂抹给药时给入生理盐水;
抗生素组:涂抹给药时给入抗生素作为对照;
C-Dextran组:涂抹给药时给入50mg/kg的剂量(实施例1制备);
C-BSP组:涂抹给药时给入50mg/kg的剂量(实施例2制备);
C-KGM组:涂抹给药时给入50mg/kg的剂量(实施例3制备);
将处理完的小鼠置于温暖明亮且舒适的环境中等待其苏醒,72h不间断密切观察,记录各组小鼠死亡数,并且每天检测小鼠伤口愈合情况,统计伤口愈合完全的时间,具体见表1和2。
表1各组铜绿假胞菌感染烫伤小鼠的致死测定结果
表2各组金黄色葡萄球菌感染烫伤小鼠的致死测定结果
小鼠抗感染存活情况具体见表1和2,本发明阳离子化多糖处理组的小鼠死亡数明显低于正常对照组,与抗生素组无明显差异,可见由阳离子化多糖处理的铜绿甲胞杆菌及金黄色葡萄球菌感染烫伤小鼠的死亡数比未处理组明显下降,说明涂抹阳离子化多糖能够快速抑制细菌的增殖扩散及细菌生物膜的形成,有效抑制细菌产生内毒素及外毒素等,减缓病情进展。
如图6的结果所示,相较于未感染组,正常阳离子化的多糖能够抵抗铜绿假单胞杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的感染,且与抗生素处理组均能有效提升提高小鼠烫伤后存活率。
实施例7
一种具有抗菌功能的医疗器械抗菌涂抹/喷洒剂,其组成成分为:20-50%的阳离子化多糖,2-10%甘油,4-10%香油,余量为0.1M柠檬酸缓冲液。
该抗菌剂的制备及医疗器械消毒的使用方法如下:
取0.1M的柠檬酸和0.1M的柠檬酸钠按1:1混合得到柠檬酸缓冲液270ml,均分装到3个反应杯中;分别称取实施例1-3合成的C-Dextran、C-KGM及C-BSP各4g,将其对应加入上述柠檬酸缓冲液中,搅拌均匀静置过夜使其完全溶解,泵抽真空去除气泡,得到C-Dextran、C-KGM和C-BSP溶液;各取5ml甘油和丁香油分别加入各个反应杯中,室温搅拌8-12h,即得到一种具有抗菌功能的设备涂抹/喷洒剂。
将杀菌消毒溶液均匀的喷洒或涂抹在医疗器械如,手术器械、玻璃器皿,大型检测设备等表面或内部,室温晾干后紫外照射过夜,可较长期保持相对无菌状态。
实施例8
一种具有抗菌功能的食品保鲜包装膜/袋,其制备方法核心即是将2-20%的阳离子化多糖添加到基础保鲜包装膜或保鲜包装袋组成成分中,然后进行常规工艺,制得含有上述抗菌剂的生物功能材料。
实施例9
一种具有抗菌功能的生物抗菌纸,含有实施例1-3中的阳离子化多糖为100-2000ppm/吨干纸,按照常规造纸工艺将阳离子化多糖添加到纸浆浆液中,制的生物抗菌纸可应用于日常生活中,涉及文具用纸、纸杯、纸巾、纸盒等生产科研各个领域。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换或改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种阳离子化多糖在制备抗细菌生物膜药剂、生物医疗设备上抗菌涂抹/喷洒剂以及抗菌功能材料中的用途。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,所述的阳离子化多糖是采用天然多糖与季铵盐或与多胺类化合物反应得到的带正电荷的阳离子化多糖。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用途,其特征在于,所述的天然多糖采用葡聚糖、环糊精、中药植物多糖中的任一种。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的用途,其特征在于,所述的季铵盐采用3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵、环氧丙基-3-甲基氯化铵中的任一种;
所述的多胺类化合物采用精胺、乙二胺或数均分子量为500Da-10000Da的聚乙烯亚胺中的任一种。
5.根据权利要求2所述的用途,其特征在于,所述的阳离子化多糖,通过以下方法制备:
通过所述天然多糖与季铵盐发生碱化、醚化反应,其中,碱化过程中加入的碱为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾中的任一种,采用季铵盐与碱的摩尔比为1:1~1:10,天然多糖的质量分数为0.1~5%;或,
通过所述天然多糖与多胺类化合物发生天然多糖羟基的活化和连接多胺反应,其中,反应中加入的活化剂包括强氧化剂高碘酸钾、氯酸盐、N-N-羰基二咪唑中的任一种,采用天然多糖与活化剂的质量比为1:2~1:10,天然多糖与多胺类化合物的摩尔比为1:105~1:106。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,所述的抗细菌生物膜试剂是以阳离子化多糖为活性成分,加上生物医学上可接受的辅料制备而成的抗菌药剂或采用该抗菌试剂加工制备的生物抗菌材料。
7.根据权利要求1或6所述的用途,其特征在于,所述的抗细菌生物膜试剂为注射药剂、口服药剂、或所述的生物医疗设备外用设备或设备表面的涂抹/喷洒剂;
所述的抗菌功能材料为添加了阳离子化多糖的功能材料,包括具有抗菌功能的日化用品、包装用品、家装用品。
8.根据权利要求7所述的用途,其特征在于,所述的抗细菌生物膜药剂用作治疗慢性炎症性疾病的药物,包括用于制备防止外科手术伤口感染、烧烫伤口感染的药物。
9.根据权利要求7所述的用途,其特征在于,在所述设备或设备表面上涂抹/喷洒足以抑制生物膜生长形成浓度的阳离子化多糖;所述设备是医疗公共设备,其中医疗设备是诊断设备、治疗设备类及辅助设备类。
10.根据权利要求9所述的用途,其特征在于,所述的抑制生物膜生长形成,具体是预防和治疗与细菌生物膜有关的革兰氏阴性和/或革兰氏阳性细菌感染。
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