CN108934167A - 自动餐具洗涤组合物中用于防斑点的表面活性剂 - Google Patents
自动餐具洗涤组合物中用于防斑点的表面活性剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108934167A CN108934167A CN201780017833.0A CN201780017833A CN108934167A CN 108934167 A CN108934167 A CN 108934167A CN 201780017833 A CN201780017833 A CN 201780017833A CN 108934167 A CN108934167 A CN 108934167A
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- cleaning compositions
- automatic tableware
- tableware cleaning
- surfactant
- alkyl
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- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Substances [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004174 erythrosine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CASPZMCSNJZQMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane;2-methyloxirane Chemical compound CC.CC1CO1 CASPZMCSNJZQMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008233 hard water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011968 lewis acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940071125 manganese acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003264 margarine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013310 margarine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003145 methacrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010460 mustard Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YPHQUSNPXDGUHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CNC(=O)C=C YPHQUSNPXDGUHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004967 organic peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001448 refractive index detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940071207 sesquicarbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium disulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940001584 sodium metabisulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010262 sodium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001922 sodium perborate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium;oxido carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OC([O-])=O MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxidooxy(oxo)borane Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OB=O YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PANBYUAFMMOFOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;sulfuric acid Chemical compound [Na].OS(O)(=O)=O PANBYUAFMMOFOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007725 thermal activation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000428 triblock copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
- C11D1/721—End blocked ethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers only
- C08G65/22—Cyclic ethers having at least one atom other than carbon and hydrogen outside the ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
- C08G65/2603—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing oxygen
- C08G65/2606—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxyl groups
- C08G65/2609—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxyl groups containing aliphatic hydroxyl groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/3757—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
- C11D2111/10—Objects to be cleaned
- C11D2111/14—Hard surfaces
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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Abstract
提供了一种用于自动餐具洗涤组合物中的表面活性剂,其中所述表面活性剂是如式I中所示的缩水甘油醚封端的乙氧基化醇。其中R1是直链饱和C8‑24烷基,R2是直链或支链饱和C6‑20烷基,m的平均值是10到50,并且n的平均值>1到2。还提供了包含所述表面活性剂的自动餐具洗涤组合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于防斑点组合物的表面活性剂。具体地说,本发明涉及并入有这类表面活性剂的自动餐具洗涤组合物,其会减少餐具上的斑点。
背景技术
自动餐具洗涤组合物公认为与用于织品洗涤或水处理的那些清洁剂不同的一类清洁剂组合物。在完整的清洁循环之后,用户期望自动餐具洗涤组合物在洗涤过的物品上产生无斑的和无膜外观。
Welch等人在美国专利第5,294,365号中公开了作为低泡表面活性剂的羟基聚醚家族,其用作含磷酸盐机器餐具洗涤清洁剂配制物中的漂洗助剂。Welch等人公开了下式化合物
其中R1与R2相同或不同,并且是直链或支链C1-18烷基;n是15到45的数字;并且m是1到3的数字。
尽管如此,无磷酸盐组合物越来越合乎需要。无磷酸盐组合物依赖非磷酸盐助洗剂,如柠檬酸盐、碳酸盐、硅酸盐、二硅酸盐、碳酸氢盐、氨基羧酸盐和其它助洗剂,以螯合来自硬水的钙和镁并阻止其在干燥后的餐具上留下不溶的可见沉积物。然而,不含磷酸盐的组合物更易于在玻璃器皿和其它表面留下斑点。
在自动餐具洗涤中展现改进的特性并且不含磷酸盐的组合物将是行业的一大进步。因此,仍然需要具有抗斑点特性的新型表面活性剂。具体地说,仍然需要具有抗斑点特性的新型表面活性剂,其促成不含磷酸盐并且抗斑点的自动餐具洗涤配制物。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种用于自动餐具洗涤组合物中的表面活性剂,其中所述表面活性剂是式I的缩水甘油醚封端的乙氧基化醇:
其中R1是直链饱和C8-24烷基,R2是直链或支链饱和C6-20烷基,m的平均值是10到50,并且n的平均值>1到2。
本发明提供了一种自动餐具洗涤组合物,包含:分散剂聚合物,包含丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、衣康酸和马来酸中的至少一种的单体单元;助洗剂;和表面活性剂,其中所述表面活性剂是式I的缩水甘油醚封端的乙氧基化醇:
其中R1是直链饱和C8-24烷基,R2是直链或支链饱和C6-20烷基,m的平均值是10到50,并且n的平均值>1到2。
本发明提供了一种在自动餐具洗涤机中清洁物品的方法,所述方法包含:将本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物施加于所述物品。
具体实施方式
当并入自动餐具洗涤组合物(尤其是不含磷酸盐的自动餐具洗涤组合物)时,基于特定缩水甘油醚与乙氧基化醇基团反应的本发明表面活性剂显著提高了自动餐具洗涤组合物的抗斑点特性。
除非另外指明,否则数值范围(例如“2到10”)包括界定所述范围的数字(例如2和10)。
除非另外指明,否则比率、百分比、份数等均以重量计。在组合物中的重量百分比(或wt%)是干重的百分比,即,排除可存在于组合物中的任何水。在聚合物中单体单元的百分比是固体重量的百分比,即,排除存在于聚合物乳液的任何水。
如本文所用,除非另外说明,否则术语“分子量”和“Mw”可互换使用来指代如使用凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)和常规标准物(如聚乙二醇标准物)以常规方式测量的重均分子量。GPC技术在《现代尺寸排阻色谱(Modem Size Exclusion Chromatography)》,W.W.Yau,J.J.Kirkland,D.D.Bly;威利-国际科学出版社(Wiley-Interscience),1979和《材料表征和化学分析指南(A Guide to Materials Characterization and Chemical Analysis)》,J.P.Sibilia;德国化学学会出版社(VCH),1988,第81-84页中详细讨论。本文中所报告的分子量是以道尔顿为单位。
术语“烯系不饱和”用于描述具有使其可聚合的一个或多个碳-碳双键的分子或部分。术语“烯系不饱和”包括单烯系不饱和(具有一个碳-碳双键)和多烯系不饱和(具有两个或更多个碳-碳双键)。如本文所用,术语“(甲基)丙烯酸”是指丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸。
如本文和所附权利要求书中所用,术语“乙烯氧基”和“EO”是指-CH2-CH2-O-。
如本文和所附权利要求书中所用,术语“不含磷酸盐”是指含有小于0.5wt%(优选小于0.2wt%;更优选小于0.1wt%;最优选小于可检测极限)的磷酸盐(以元素磷测量)的组合物。
优选地,本发明的表面活性剂是式I的缩水甘油醚封端的乙氧基化醇:
其中R1是直链饱和C8-24烷基(优选直链饱和C10-14烷基;更优选直链饱和C10-12烷基;更优选直链饱和C10烷基或直链饱和C12烷基);R2是直链饱和或支链饱和C6-20烷基(优选支链饱和C6-10烷基;更优选2-乙基己基);m的平均值是10到50(优选10到30;更优选15到30;还更优选18到22;又还更优选19到21;最优选20);并且n的平均值>1到2(优选1.1到2;更优选1.2到1.6)。式I的缩水甘油醚封端的乙氧基化醇表面活性剂可包括在R1和R2上含有一系列烷基的化合物的混合物,所述烷基碳数不同,但具有符合上文所述范围的平均碳数。
本发明的式I的表面活性剂缩水甘油醚封端的乙氧基化醇可以使用已知的合成程序容易地制备。举例来说,用于制备化合物的典型程序如下。将符合式R1OH(其中R1是直链饱和C8-24烷基)的醇添加到反应器中,并且在碱(例如甲醇钠或氢氧化钾)存在下加热。混合物应该相对不含水。随后在压力下向这一混合物中添加所需量的环氧乙烷(EO)。在EO消耗之后(如由反应器压力大幅下降指示),可以分离所得乙氧基化醇,并且使其在碱性条件下以在1:1.1到1:2范围内的醇:缩水甘油醚的摩尔比与烷基缩水甘油醚(其中烷基含有6到20个碳原子)进行反应。或者,乙氧基化醇可以保留在原始反应器中并且通过添加烷基缩水甘油醚进行进一步反应。催化剂与醇的摩尔比可以在0.01:1与1:1之间,但优选是0.02:1到0.5:1。或者,路易斯酸催化剂(例如三氟化硼醚合物)可以以0.01:1到0.25:1的与醇的摩尔比采用。一般在无溶剂存在下和在25℃到200℃之间,并且优选在80℃到160℃之间的温度下进行与EO和烷基缩水甘油醚的反应。
优选地,本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物包含:分散剂聚合物,包含丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、衣康酸和马来酸中的至少一种的单体单元;助洗剂;和表面活性剂,其中所述表面活性剂是式I的缩水甘油醚封端的乙氧基化醇:
其中R1是直链饱和C8-24烷基(优选直链饱和C10-14烷基;更优选直链饱和C10-12烷基;更优选直链饱和C10烷基或直链饱和C12烷基);R2是直链饱和或支链饱和C6-20烷基(优选支链饱和C6-10烷基;更优选2-乙基己基);m的平均值是10到50(优选10到30;更优选15到30;还更优选18到22;又还更优选19到21;最优选20);并且n的平均值>1到2(优选1.1到2;更优选1.2到1.6)。表面活性剂可以是式I的缩水甘油醚封端的乙氧基化醇化合物的混合物,其中表面活性剂是在R1和R2上含有一系列烷基的混合物,所述烷基碳数不同,但具有符合上文所述范围的平均碳数。
优选地,以自动餐具洗涤组合物的干重计,本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物包含:至少0.5wt%(优选至少1wt%)。优选地,以自动餐具洗涤组合物的干重计,本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物包含:0.5wt%到15wt%(优选0.5wt%到7wt%;更优选1wt%到7wt%)。
本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物任选地进一步包含额外的非离子表面活性剂。举例来说,本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物任选地进一步包含:一种或多种选自由以下组成的群组的额外的非离子表面活性剂:环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷二或三嵌段共聚物、烷氧基化脂肪醇、氧化胺、烷基醚硫酸盐或烷基多苷,其可包括在组合物中。
优选地,本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物中所用的分散剂聚合物包含丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、衣康酸和马来酸中的至少一种的单体单元。优选地,分散剂聚合物包含(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物。优选地,分散剂聚合物的重均分子量Mw≥2000(更优选≥3,000;最优选≥4,000)道尔顿;并且≤100,000(更优选≤70,000;更优选≤50,000;更优选≤30,000;更优选≤25,000;更优选≤20,000)道尔顿。优选地,分散剂聚合物的重均分子量Mw是2,000到40,000(更优选4,000到20,000)道尔顿。
优选地,本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物中所用的分散剂聚合物包含(甲基)丙烯酸的均聚物、(甲基)丙烯酸与至少一种其它烯系不饱和单体的共聚物、其盐和其混合物。更优选地,本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物中所用的分散剂聚合物包含(甲基)丙烯酸的均聚物、(甲基)丙烯酸与至少一种其它烯系不饱和单体的共聚物、其盐和其混合物;其中(甲基)丙烯酸与至少一种其它烯系不饱和单体的共聚物包括甲基丙烯酸与丙烯酸的共聚物。
优选地,用于包含在分散剂聚合物中的至少一种其它烯系不饱和单体可包括丙烯酸或(甲基)丙烯酸的一种或多种酯(例如,丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯)、苯乙烯单体(例如苯乙烯)、磺化单体(例如2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸(AMPS);2-甲基丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸;4-苯乙烯磺酸;乙烯基磺酸;3-烯丙氧基;2-羟基-1-丙烷磺酸(HAPS);2-磺乙基(甲基)丙烯酸;2-磺丙基(甲基)丙烯酸;3-磺丙基(甲基)丙烯酸;4-磺丁基(甲基)丙烯酸;经取代的(甲基)丙烯酰胺(例如叔丁基丙烯酰胺)和其盐。
优选地,本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物中所用的分散剂聚合物包含共聚物,其衍生自50wt%到95wt%(优选70wt%到93wt%)的丙烯酸和5wt%到50wt%(优选7wt%到30wt%)的2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸钠盐的聚合单元。更优选地,本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物中所用的分散剂聚合物包含共聚物,其衍生自50wt%到95wt%(优选70wt%到93wt%)的丙烯酸和5wt%到50wt%(优选7wt%到30wt%)的2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸钠盐的聚合单元;其中所述共聚物的重均分子量Mw是2,000到40,000(更优选10,000到20,000)道尔顿。
优选地,本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物中所用的分散剂聚合物包含丙烯酸的均聚物。更优选地,本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物中所用的分散剂聚合物包含丙烯酸的均聚物;其中所述丙烯酸的均聚物的重均分子量Mw是2,000到40,000(更优选2,000到10,000)道尔顿。
优选地,本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物中所用的分散剂聚合物包含丙烯酸的均聚物和由丙烯酸与2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸钠盐的聚合单元衍生的共聚物的混合物。更优选地,本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物中所用的分散剂聚合物包含丙烯酸的均聚物和由丙烯酸与2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸钠盐的聚合单元衍生的共聚物的混合物;其中所述丙烯酸的均聚物的重均分子量Mw是2,000到40,000(更优选2,000到10,000)道尔顿;并且其中所述共聚物的重均分子量Mw是2,000到40,000(更优选10,000到20,000)道尔顿。
优选地,以自动餐具洗涤组合物的干重计,本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物包含:≥1wt%(更优选≥2wt%;更优选≥3wt%;更优选≥5wt%)的分散剂聚合物。优选地,以自动餐具洗涤组合物的干重计,本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物包含:≤10wt%(更优选≤8wt%;更优选≤6wt%;更优选≤4wt%)的分散剂聚合物。
本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物中所用的分散剂聚合物可以从各种来源商购,和/或其可以使用文献技术制备。举例来说,可以通过自由基聚合制备低分子量分散剂聚合物。制备这些聚合物的优选方法是通过在溶剂中均相聚合。溶剂可以是水或醇溶剂如2-丙醇或1,2-丙二醇。自由基聚合由前驱化合物如碱金属过硫酸盐或有机过酸和过酸酯分解而引发。前驱物的活化可以通过单独反应温度升高的作用(热活化)或通过氧化还原活性剂的掺合物如硫酸铁(II)和抗坏血酸的组合(氧化还原活化)实现。在这些情况下,典型地使用链转移剂以调节聚合物分子量。溶液聚合中所用的一类优选的链转移剂是碱金属亚硫酸氢盐或亚硫酸氢铵。特别提及的是偏亚硫酸氢钠。
分散剂聚合物可呈水溶性溶液聚合物、浆液、脱水粉末或颗粒的形式或其它固体形式。
优选地,本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物中所用的助洗剂包含一种或多种碳酸盐或柠檬酸盐。如本文中和所附权利要求书中所用,术语“碳酸盐”是指碱金属或铵的碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、过碳酸盐和/或倍半碳酸盐。如本文中和所附权利要求书中所用,术语“柠檬酸盐”是指碱金属柠檬酸盐。优选地,本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物中所用的助洗剂包含一种或多种碳酸盐或柠檬酸盐;其中碳酸盐和柠檬酸盐选自由以下组成的群组:钠、钾和锂的碳酸盐和柠檬酸盐(更优选钠或钾;最优选钠盐)。更优选地,本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物中所用的助洗剂选自选自由以下组成的群组:碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、柠檬酸钠和其混合物。
优选地,以干燥自动餐具洗涤组合物的重量计,本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物包含:≥1wt%(更优选≥10wt%;更优选≥20wt%;更优选≥25wt%)的助洗剂。优选地,以干燥自动餐具洗涤组合物的重量计,本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物包含:≤60wt%(更优选≤50wt%;更优选≤40wt%;更优选≤35wt%)的助洗剂。碳酸盐或柠檬酸盐的重量百分比基于盐的实际重量,包括金属离子。
本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物任选地进一步包含:添加剂。优选地,本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物,任选地进一步包含:添加剂,其选自由以下组成的群组:碱性源、漂白剂(例如过碳酸钠,过硼酸钠)和任选地漂白活化剂(例如四乙酰基乙二胺(TAED))和/或漂白催化剂(例如乙酸锰(II)或氯化钴(II));酶(例如,蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶或纤维素酶);氨基羧酸螯合剂(例如甲基甘氨酸二乙酸(MGDA)、谷氨酸-N,N-二乙酸(GLDA)、亚氨基二琥珀酸(IDSA)、1,2-乙二胺二琥珀酸(EDDS)、天冬氨酸二乙酸(ASDA)或其混合物或盐);膦酸如1-羟基亚乙基-1,1-二膦酸(HEDP);消泡剂;色料;芳香剂;硅酸盐;额外的助洗剂;抗菌剂和/或填充剂。片剂或粉末中的填充剂是惰性、水溶性物质,典型地是钠盐或钾盐,例如硫酸钠或硫酸钾和/或氯化钠或氯化钾,并且存在的量典型地在0wt%到75wt%范围内。凝胶配制物中的填充剂可以包括上文所提及的填充剂并且还可以包括水。芳香剂、染料、消泡剂、酶和抗菌剂通常总共不超过组合物的10wt%,替代地不超过组合物的5wt%。
本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物任选地进一步包含:碱性源。合适的碱性源包括但不限于碱金属碳酸盐和碱金属氢氧化物,如碳酸钠或碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠或碳酸氢钾、倍半碳酸钠或倍半碳酸钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化锂或氢氧化钾,或以上的混合物。氢氧化钠是优选的。当存在时,以自动餐具洗涤组合物的干重计,本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物中的碱性源的量可以是例如至少1重量%(优选至少20重量%)并且至多80重量%(优选至多60重量%)。
本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物任选地进一步包含:漂白剂。当存在时,以自动餐具洗涤组合物的干重计,本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物中漂白剂的量优选是1wt%到25wt%(更优选1wt%到10wt%)的浓度。
优选地,本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物包含:碳酸钠、螯合剂(优选柠檬酸钠)、漂白剂(优选过碳酸钠)、漂白活化剂(优选TAED)、表面活性剂,其为式I的缩水甘油醚封端的乙氧基化醇和任选地另一非离子表面活性剂(优选烷氧基化物表面活性剂、聚醚多元醇或两者)、酶(优选蛋白酶、淀粉酶或两者)、分散剂聚合物(优选丙烯酸的均聚物、丙烯酸与AMPS(或AMPS的盐)的共聚物或聚合物的混合物)和任选地水溶性硅酸盐(优选二硅酸钠)。
优选地,本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物包含:15重量%到50重量%的碳酸钠、5到35重量%的螯合剂(优选柠檬酸钠)、5重量%到15重量%的漂白剂(优选其中漂白剂是过碳酸钠)、1重量%到5重量%的漂白活化剂(优选其中活化剂是TAED)、0.5重量%到5重量%的表面活性剂式I的缩水甘油醚封端的乙氧基化醇、1重量%到5重量%的酶(优选蛋白酶、淀粉酶或两者)、1重量%到10重量%的分散剂聚合物(优选丙烯酸的均聚物、丙烯酸与AMPS(或AMPS的盐)的共聚物或聚合物的混合物)以及1重量%到10重量%的水溶性硅酸盐(优选二硅酸钠),各自的量以自动餐具洗涤组合物的干重计。
优选地,本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物具有至少9(优选≥10)的pH(在水中1wt%)。优选地,本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物具有不大于13的pH(在水中1wt%)。
优选地,本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物可以以任何典型形式配制,例如,作为片剂、粉末、块状物、单剂、小袋、糊状物、液体或凝胶。本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物适用于在自动餐具洗涤机中清洁器具,如餐具和炊具、盘碟。
优选地,本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物可以在典型的操作条件下使用。举例来说,当在自动餐具洗涤机中使用时,洗涤过程中的典型水温优选20℃到85℃,优选30℃到70℃。按总液体在餐具洗涤机中的百分比计的自动餐具洗涤组合物的典型浓度优选0.1wt%到1wt%,优选0.2wt%到0.7wt%。通过选择适当的产品形态和添加时间,本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物可以存在于预洗、主洗、倒数第二次冲洗、最后冲洗或这些循环的任何组合中。
优选地,本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物包含<0.5wt%(优选<0.2wt%;更优选<0.1wt%;还更优选<0.01wt%;最优选<可检测极限)的磷酸盐(以元素磷测量)。优选地,本发明的自动餐具洗涤组合物不含磷酸盐。
现在将在以下实例中详细描述本发明的一些实施例。
表面活性剂的制备
材料:1,2-环氧辛烷、2-乙基己基缩水甘油醚、1-癸醇,1-十二烷醇、2-丁基-1-辛醇、甲醇钠溶液从西格玛奥德里奇(Sigma-Aldrich)获得并且不经进一步纯化即使用。首先与5当量环氧丙烷反应,接着与15当量环氧乙烷反应的2-乙基己醇以90%水溶液形式从陶氏化学公司(Dow Chemical)获得并且在以下称为“2EH-PO5-EO15”。
分析方法
NMR:在布鲁克(Bruker)500MHz仪器上获得定量13C光谱,一般运行6144次扫描,实验zgig30,脉冲长度13.25μs,循环延迟5.000s,谱线增宽2Hz。
聚合物分子量。重均分子量可以使用已知的方法通过凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)测量。通过将0.010g样品溶解于10mL THF中,并将50μL等分的这一溶液注入串联的两个PolymerLabs PLgel 5μm MIXED-E柱(300×7.5mm)并且使用示差折射率检测(35℃)在35℃下以1.0mL/min的流动速率用THF(纯的或含有5%水)洗脱在安捷伦(Agilent)1100系列GPC上进行GPC分析。使用窄聚乙二醇标准物产生常规校准曲线。
烷氧基化反应在2L 316不锈钢锥形底部(最小搅拌体积20mL)帕尔反应器(Parrreactor)型号4530中进行,其配备有1/4hp磁力驱动搅拌器、1500瓦(115V)Calrod电加热器、1/4英寸填充水的冷却盘管、用于取样的1/16英寸汲取管、内部热电偶套管、设置在1024psig的1/4英寸防爆膜、设置在900psig的1/4英寸溢流阀、浸没在液面下的氧化物添加线和2英寸直径的叶片式搅拌器。搅拌器轴的底部有成形为反应器的轮廓的定制的不锈钢桨叶以允许在非常低的初始体积下搅拌。氧化物添加系统由1升不锈钢添加缸组成,其装料、称重并且附接到氧化物加载线路上。反应器系统受西门子(Siemens)SIMATIC PCS7过程控制系统控制。用K型热电偶测量反应温度,用雅斯科(Ashcroft)压力传感器测量压力,用世伟洛克(Swagelok)气动阀门致动器操作球阀,用ASCO电动阀控制冷却水流量,并且用质量流量控制系统控制氧化物添加速率,所述质量流量控制系统由BrooksCoriolis质量流量控制器(型号QMBC3L1B2A1A1A1DH1C7A1DA)和TESCOM背压调节器(型号44-1163-24-109A)组成,所述背压调节器在所述质量流量控制器上保持100psig的压差以提供稳定的流动速率。
反应剂比率有时简称为“X eq.”:其中所添加的试剂被认为相对于原始反应物具有X:1的摩尔比。
实例1:癸醇乙氧基化物的合成
向2L帕尔反应器中装入121.3g 1-癸醇和0.50g粉末状85%氢氧化钾,并且在压力检查和一系列氮气吹扫之后,将混合物升温到130℃以便以1到2g/min的添加速率添加670.2g环氧乙烷(约20eq.)。添加完成并且压力稳定后,将反应产物冷却并且卸载,得到785.6g。GPC结果:MW=1220,MN=1140。在DMSO-d6中的13C NMR(δ,ppm):72.4,70.3,69.7,69.8,69.6,60.2,31.4,29.3,29.1,29.1,29.0,28.8,25.7,22.1,13.8。
实例2:十二烷醇乙氧基化物的合成
向2L帕尔反应器中装入100.2g 1-癸醇和0.56g粉末状85%氢氧化钾,并且在压力检查和一系列氮气吹扫之后,将混合物升温到130℃以便以2g/min的添加速率添加473.0g环氧乙烷(约20eq.)。添加完成并且压力稳定后,将反应产物冷却并且卸载,得到564.77g。GPC结果:MW=1110,MN=1045。在DMSO-d6中的13C NMR(δ,ppm):72.4,70.4,59.9,69.6,60.1,31.4,29.3,29.1,29.1,29.0,28.8,25.7,22.1,13.8。
实例3:癸醇乙氧基化物/2-乙基己基缩水甘油醚
向配备有顶置式搅拌器、热电偶、氮气吹扫和加热套的圆底玻璃烧瓶中添加50g来自实例1的癸醇乙氧基化物。加热直到癸醇乙氧基化物熔化,随后开始搅拌并且缓慢添加2.6g甲醇钠溶液(25%的甲醇溶液,以乙氧基化物计25mol%)。将反应器加热到140℃,到达这一温度后,开始添加13.5g 2-乙基己基缩水甘油醚(约1.7eq.)并且持续1小时。添加后,将反应物在140℃下再搅拌6小时,随后使其冷却过夜。第二天,将反应混合物加热到50℃,用0.43g乙酸淬灭,并且随后倒入小瓶中。在DMSO-d6中的13C NMR(δ,ppm):73.3,72.8,72.4,70.3,70.2,69.9,69.6,68.5,60.2,31.4,30.1,29.3,29.1,29.0,28.6,25.7,23.4,22.6,22.2,13.8,10.7。
实例4:十二烷醇乙氧基化物/2-乙基己基缩水甘油醚
向配备有顶置式搅拌器、热电偶、氮气吹扫和加热套的圆底玻璃烧瓶中添加51.5g来自实例2的十二烷醇乙氧基化物。加热直到癸醇乙氧基化物熔化,随后开始搅拌并且缓慢添加2.6g甲醇钠溶液(25%的甲醇溶液,以乙氧基化物计25mol%)。将反应器加热到140℃,到达这一温度后,开始添加13.5g 2-乙基己基缩水甘油醚(约1.3eq.)并且持续1小时。添加后,将反应物在140℃下再搅拌6小时,随后使其冷却过夜。第二天,将反应混合物加热到50℃,用0.43g乙酸淬灭,并且随后倒入小瓶中。在DMSO-d6中的13C NMR(δ,ppm):73.3,72.9,72.5,70.4,70.1,69.9,69.6,68.4,60.1,31.4,30.1,29.2,28.8,28.6,25.7,23.4,22.6,22.1,13.8,10.7。
实例5:2-丁基辛醇乙氧基化物的合成
向2L帕尔反应器中装入85.90g 2-丁基-1-辛醇和0.48g粉末状85%氢氧化钾,并且在压力检查和一系列氮气吹扫后,将混合物升温到130℃以便以2g/min的添加速率添加406.4g环氧乙烷(约20eq.)。添加完成并且压力稳定后,将反应产物冷却并且卸载,得到493.2g。GPC结果:MW=1390,MN=1190。在DMSO-d6中的13C NMR(δ,ppm):73.4,72.4,70.2,69.9,60.2,58.0,31.3,30.9,39.6,29.2,28.5,26.2,22.6,22.1,13.8。
比较实例C1:癸醇乙氧基化物/1,2-环氧辛烷
向配备有顶置式搅拌器、热电偶、氮气吹扫和加热套的圆底玻璃烧瓶中添加50g来自实例1的癸醇乙氧基化物。加热直到癸醇乙氧基化物熔化,随后开始搅拌并且缓慢添加2.6g甲醇钠溶液(25%的甲醇溶液,以乙氧基化物计25mol%)。将反应器加热到90℃,到达这一温度后,开始添加9.3g 1,2-环氧辛烷(约1.7eq.)并且持续1小时。添加后,将反应物在140℃下再搅拌6小时,随后使其冷却过夜。第二天,将反应混合物加热到90℃并且再加热6小时,随后使其冷却到50℃,用0.43g乙酸淬灭,并且随后倒入小瓶中。在DMSO-d6中的13CNMR(δ,ppm):75.6,72.4,70.4,70.0,69.9,69.6,68.8,68.6,60.2,33.7,31.4,29.3,29.1,29.1,29.0,28.9,25.7,25.0,22.1,13.8,13.8。
比较实例C2:2-丁基辛醇乙氧基化物/2-乙基己基缩水甘油醚
向配备有顶置式搅拌器、热电偶、氮气吹扫和加热套的圆底玻璃烧瓶中添加51.5g来自实例5的2-丁基辛醇乙氧基化物。加热直到癸醇乙氧基化物熔化,随后开始搅拌并且缓慢添加2.6g甲醇钠溶液(25%的甲醇溶液,以乙氧基化物计25mol%)。将反应器加热到140℃,到达这一温度后,开始添加13.5g 2-乙基己基缩水甘油醚(约1.3eq.)并且持续1小时。添加后,将反应物在140℃下再搅拌6小时,随后使其冷却过夜。第二天,将反应混合物加热到50℃,用0.43g乙酸淬灭,并且随后倒入小瓶中。在DMSO-d6中的13C NMR(δ,ppm):73.5,73.3,72.7,72.4,70.5,70.1,69.9,68.5,60.2,58.3,37.6,31.3,30.9,30.6,30.1,29.2,28.5,26.2,23.4,22.6,22.1,13.8,10.8。
比较实例C3:2-乙基己醇烷氧基化物/2-乙基己基缩水甘油醚
向配备有顶置式搅拌器、热电偶、氮气吹扫和加热套的圆底玻璃烧瓶中添加57.8g2EH-PO5-EO15(90%)。在搅拌和活性氮鼓泡下将釜加热到140℃持续3小时以除去水。冷却过夜后,将温度升高到70℃并且随后缓慢添加2.6g甲醇钠溶液(25%的甲醇溶液,以乙氧基化物计25mol%)。将反应器加热到140℃,到达这一温度后,开始添加13.5g2-乙基己基缩水甘油醚(约1.3eq.)并且持续1小时。添加后,将反应物在140℃下再搅拌6小时,随后使其冷却过夜。第二天,将反应混合物加热到50℃,用0.43g乙酸淬灭,并且随后倒入小瓶中。在DMSO-d6中的13C NMR(δ,ppm):74.6,74.6,74.4,74.3,74.2,73.3,73.2,72.9,72.5,72.4,72.2,70.6,70.1,69.8,68.4,67.9,30.1,28.5,23.4,22.5,17.2,13.9,10.9。
自动餐具洗涤测试
在自动餐具洗涤期间测试在以上实例3-4和比较实例C1-C3中所描述的表面活性剂的抗斑点特性。所用的餐具洗涤配制物在表1中展示。
表1
自动餐具洗涤测试中所用的食物类污垢在表2中展示。
表2
制备食物类污垢的程序
将水加热到70℃并且添加马铃薯淀粉、夸克粉、苯甲酸和人造奶油。搅拌直到人造奶油充分溶解。随后添加牛奶并且充分搅拌。使混合物冷却。当温度低于45℃时,添加蛋黄、调味番茄酱和芥末。充分混合。
餐具洗涤测试条件
机器:美诺(Miele)SS-ADW,型号G1222SC Labor。程序:V4,具有加热洗涤的50℃洗涤循环,停用模糊逻辑,加热干燥。水:375ppm硬度(以CaCO3计,通过EDTA滴定确认),Ca:Mg=3:1,250ppm碳酸钠。食物类污垢:50g(在t=0时引入,冷冻在杯中)。
斑点测试
在露天干燥后,由经训练的评估人员通过从下方观察具有受控照明的灯箱中的玻璃杯来确定斑点等级,并且斑点等级在1(无斑点)到5(大量斑点)范围内。结果展示于表3和表4中。
表3.斑点测试A
表4.斑点测试B
实例6:表面活性剂混合物的制备和测试
通过十二烷醇/十四烷醇的一罐(one-pot)乙氧基化和封端来制备表面活性剂。向2L帕尔反应器中装入79.03g含有68-78%十二烷醇和20-30%十四烷醇的混合物(可以CO-1270从宝洁(Procter&Gamble)购得)和2.85g粉末状85%氢氧化钾,并且在压力检查和一系列氮气吹扫之后,将混合物升温到125℃。缓慢的氮气吹扫通过汲取管并且从反应器排气口移出8.5g冷凝物。释放压力并且关闭排气阀以便以1到3g/min的添加速率添加394.0g环氧乙烷(约22eq.)。总添加时间是3小时。在添加完成之后约10分钟,压力稳定。将混合物在温度下再保持50分钟,随后冷却到100℃并且保持过夜。将反应器排气并且将反应产物冷却到50℃,同时用氮气通过浸入管缓慢吹扫。打开系统并且移出2.6g样品用于分析。向在帕尔反应器中保持在50℃的剩余材料添加106g 2-乙基己基缩水甘油醚(约1.4摩尔当量),并且在密封、压力检查和一系列氮气吹扫之后,将混合物以1℃/min的速率升温到在140℃并且在温度下保持6小时,随后以1℃/min的速率冷却到60℃。打开并且取样分析以确认反应完成后,卸载反应产物,得到548.3g。GPC结果:MW=1300,MN=1230。
自动餐具洗涤测试
使用上述条件进行漂洗特性测试。5次循环后,比较包括1g(5%清洁剂)这一实例6的表面活性剂的条件的玻璃的斑点和成膜等级。实例6的斑点和成膜等级分别是1.5和2.1,相比之下,巴斯夫公司(BASF Corp.)的产品1,2-环氧癸烷封端的乙氧基化醇表面活性剂DEHYPON E-127的斑点和成膜等级分别是2.9和1.9。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于自动餐具洗涤组合物中的表面活性剂,其中所述表面活性剂是式I的缩水甘油醚封端的乙氧基化醇:
其中R1是直链饱和C8-24烷基,R2是直链或支链饱和C6-20烷基,m的平均值是10到50,并且n的平均值>1到2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的表面活性剂,其中n的平均值是1.1到2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的表面活性剂,其中n的平均值是1.2到1.6。
4.一种自动餐具洗涤组合物,包含:
分散剂聚合物,包含丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、衣康酸和马来酸中的至少一种的单体单元;
助洗剂;和
表面活性剂,其中所述表面活性剂是式I的缩水甘油醚封端的乙氧基化醇:
其中R1是直链饱和C8-24烷基,R2是直链或支链饱和C6-20烷基,m的平均值是10到50,并且n的平均值>1到2。
5.根据权利要求4所述的自动餐具洗涤组合物,其中R1是直链饱和C10-14烷基。
6.根据权利要求4所述的自动餐具洗涤组合物,其中R2是支链饱和C6-10烷基。
7.根据权利要求4所述的自动餐具洗涤组合物,其中所述分散剂聚合物包含(甲基)丙烯酸的均聚物、甲基丙烯酸与至少一种其它烯系不饱和单体的共聚物、其盐和其混合物。
8.根据权利要求4所述的自动餐具洗涤组合物,进一步包含任选组分,所述任选组分选自由以下组成的群组:漂白剂、漂白活化剂、漂白催化剂、酶和氨基羧酸螯合剂。
9.根据权利要求4所述的自动餐具洗涤组合物,其中所述自动餐具洗涤组合物含有小于0.1wt%的磷酸盐(以元素磷测量)。
10.一种在自动餐具洗涤机中清洁物品的方法,所述方法包含:
将根据权利要求4所述的自动餐具洗涤组合物施加于所述物品。
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