CN108922937B - Hit太阳电池的硼掺杂发射极结构与制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于太阳电池技术领域,具体涉及HIT太阳电池的硼掺杂发射极结构与制备方法。采用阶梯式硼原子掺杂浓度分布的薄膜,从高浓度逐步变为低浓度分布的硼原子,并且采用H2等离子体处理阶梯式掺杂薄膜的界面,进一步引入CO2或CH4气体提高其光学带隙、降低掺硼薄膜的折射率。此结构能够有效地解决两个关键性问题:一、发射极的硼掺杂浓度增加,引起发射极缺陷态密度增加的问题,降低HIT太阳电池的开路电压;二、掺硼非晶硅薄膜的寄生性吸收问题,降低电池的前表面光学性能。最终,实现低复合、优越光学性能的掺硼发射极,提高HIT太阳电池的光电转换效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于太阳电池技术领域,具体涉及HIT太阳电池的硼掺杂发射极结构与制备方法。
背景技术
HIT (Heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer)太阳电池,具有较高的制备工艺难度,是将非晶硅(a-Si:H)和晶体硅技术相结合形成的高效电池结构,主要是由日本松下和三洋公司掌握核心技术和装备。相比于目前大面积产业化的PERC太阳电池,HIT太阳电池具有先进的光学结构:硅片双面制绒,采用透明导电薄膜(TCO)进行减反射,背面同样采用TCO薄膜,作为背反射器。HIT电池因其前后丝网印刷银浆料,所以可以制备成双面HIT电池和组件,进一步增强光伏系统的发电量。此外,HIT太阳电池具有先进的电学结构:采用掺杂非晶硅(a-Si:H)与晶体硅(c-Si)形成异质结结构,采用本征非晶硅(a-Si:H)来钝化硅片表面的悬挂键,降低异质结界面的缺陷态密度。a-Si:H (n+)/c-Si与a-Si:H (p+)/c-Si两种接触界面,属于载流子选择性接触,能够有效地进行单一载流子的界面传输。由于掺杂非晶硅的横向电导性较差,因此需要TCO进行载流子横向传输。非晶硅热稳定性较差,工艺温度不能超过250 - 300 ℃,因此需要采用丝网印刷低温银浆,后进行200 ℃低温烧结。因此,相比于目前效率为22%的PERC太阳电池,工业级HIT太阳电池能够在Cz硅片上,取得了超过25%的光电转换效率。
然而,HIT太阳电池的发射极主要存在如下两个问题,对电池性能进一步提升具有决定性作用:1) 掺硼非晶硅作为发射极,随着掺杂浓度的增加,导致掺硼非晶硅的缺陷态密度和发射极复合电流密度的增加,降低电池开路电压;而硼掺杂非晶硅浓度过低,虽然降低了体区缺陷态密度,但是电池的能带弯曲的量较小无法形成有效的内建电场,导致电池开路电压较低;2) 掺硼非晶硅的折射率(n = 3.75)比硅片自身更高,引起TCO/a-Si:H (p)接触界面高反射率。此外,掺硼非晶硅的光学带隙较窄(E g = 1.96),随着掺杂浓度的增加,会导致其光学带隙变窄,增强了对短波和长波区域光子的寄生性吸收,降低电池短路电流密度。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明所要解决的关键技术问题是,提供一种阶梯式硼原子掺杂方法,降低发射极缺陷态密度和体区复合,同时,引入CO2或CH4提高掺硼非晶硅薄膜的光学带隙,降低掺硼非晶硅薄膜的折射率,减少薄膜的光学寄生性吸收损失,并且,在薄膜膜层之间,采用H2等离子体处理形成富硅层,进一步降低薄膜接触界面的复合。基于以上优化,最终实现低缺陷态密度、高光学带隙的发射极结构,进一步提高HIT太阳电池的光电转换性能。
本发明为解决上述技术问题采用的技术方案是:一种HIT太阳电池的硼掺杂发射极结构,该太阳电池的结构包括:n型硅片,a-Si:H (i)钝化层,透明导电薄膜(TCO),若干硼掺杂浓度的发射极,H2等离子体处理薄膜接触界面形成的富硅层和无主栅结构的银细珊线,该太阳电池的结构是以高光学带隙、低掺硼非晶硅薄膜的折射率、低薄膜界面复合、低薄膜缺陷态密度的阶梯式掺杂发射极结构特征。
本发明还提供一种HIT太阳电池硼掺杂发射极制备方法,在HIT电池表面采用本征非晶硅进行表面钝化,通过控制硼掺杂源B2H6气体流量,实现发射极掺硼浓度从低到高的阶梯式掺杂工艺,并且在每一步切换气体流量时,采用H2等离子体处理形成富硅层,进一步降低薄膜接触界面的复合,同时引入CO2或CH4气体能够使阶梯式掺硼非晶硅薄膜晶化,生成氢化氧化硅薄膜或a-SiCx:H薄膜。
特别地,该方法包括:
步骤1):硅片清洗与制绒:n型硅片,进行前后表面的制绒与RCA清洗;
步骤2):非晶硅薄膜沉积:清洗后,在该硅片的后表面,采用PECVD沉积该a-Si:H(i)钝化层,磷掺杂源PH3气体流量,在该硅片后表面a-Si:H (i)层上沉积一层a-Si:H (n)薄膜,在硅片的前表面,采用射频PECVD沉积该a-Si:H (i)钝化层,控制硼掺杂源B2H6气体流量,在硅片前表面该a-Si:H (i)层上沉积第一层轻掺杂的a-Si:H (p)薄膜,经过H2等离子体处理表面;而后沉积第二层中掺杂的a-Si:H (p)薄膜,经过H2等离子体处理表面;最后沉积第三层重掺杂的a-Si:H (p)薄膜,经过H2等离子体处理表面;
步骤3):透明导电膜沉积:反应等离子体沉积(RPD)沉积ITO薄膜;在掺杂非晶硅与TCO接触界面处,由于改善载流子迁移率而进行的元素掺杂,会对电池效率造成一定影响。对ITO薄膜进行分析,掺杂元素会随着ITO薄膜的沉积,会继续向a-Si:H/c-Si界面渗透;
步骤4):丝网印刷:采用无主栅技术,正、背面印刷超细银栅线。在制备工艺过程中,高宽比较大的金属栅线电极有利于增加金属栅线的反射率,降低电极体电阻,提高效率;
步骤5):低温烧结:采用低温烧结、导电性优异的低温银浆,通过烧结温度200°C,时间为30分钟,以防止高温退火工艺对掺杂层产生破坏。
特别地,非晶硅薄膜沉积步骤包括:清洗后,在该硅片的后表面,采用PECVD沉积该a-Si:H (i)钝化层,磷掺杂源PH3气体流量,在该硅片后表面该a-Si:H (i)层上沉积一层该a-Si:H (n)薄膜,在该硅片的前表面,采用PECVD沉积该a-Si:H (i)钝化层,控制该硼掺杂源B2H6气体流量,在该硅片前表面该a-Si:H (i)层上沉积该第一层轻掺杂的a-Si:H (p)薄膜;沉积该第二层中掺杂的a-Si:H (p)薄膜;最后沉积该第三层重掺杂的该a-Si:H (p)薄膜。
特别地,非晶硅薄膜沉积步骤包括:清洗后,在该硅片的后表面,采用PECVD沉积该a-Si:H (i)钝化层,磷掺杂源PH3气体流量,在硅片后表面该a-Si:H (i)层上沉积一层该a-Si:H (n)薄膜,在硅片的前表面,采用PECVD沉积该a-Si:H (i)钝化层,控制该硼掺杂源B2H6气体流量,在该硅片前表面该a-Si:H (i)层上沉积该第一层轻掺杂的a-Si:H (p)薄膜,经过H2等离子体处理表面;之后沉积该第二层中掺杂的该a-Si:H (p)薄膜,经过H2等离子体处理表面;最后沉积该第三层重掺杂的该a-Si:H (p)薄膜,经过H2等离子体处理表面。
特别地,非晶硅薄膜沉积步骤包括:清洗后,在该硅片的后表面,采用PECVD沉积该a-Si:H (i)钝化层,磷掺杂源PH3气体流量,在该硅片后表面该a-Si:H (i)层上沉积一层该a-Si:H (n)薄膜,在硅片的前表面,采用PECVD沉积该a-Si:H (i)钝化层,控制硼掺杂源B2H6气体流量,同时引入CH4,采用气体流量,在该硅片前表面该a-Si:H (i)层上沉积第一层轻掺杂的a-SiCx:H (p)薄膜,经过H2等离子体处理表面;而后引入CH4,沉积第二层中掺杂的a-SiCx:H (p)薄膜,经过H2等离子体处理表面;最后同时引入CH4,沉积第三层重掺杂的a-SiCx:H (p)薄膜,经过H2等离子体处理表面。
特别地,非晶硅薄膜沉积步骤包括:清洗后,在该硅片的后表面,采用PECVD沉积该a-Si:H (i)钝化层,磷掺杂源PH3气体流量,在该硅片后表面该a-Si:H (i)层上沉积一层该a-Si:H (n)薄膜,在硅片的前表面,采用PECVD沉积该a-Si:H (i)钝化层,控制硼掺杂源B2H6气体流量,同时引入CO2,在该硅片前表面该a-Si:H (i)层上沉积该第一层轻掺杂的a-SiOx:H (p)薄膜,经过H2等离子体处理表面;而后引入CO2,沉积该第二层中掺杂的a-SiOx:H (p)薄膜,经过H2等离子体处理表面;最后引入CO2,沉积该第三层重掺杂的a-SiOx:H (p)薄膜,经过H2等离子体处理表面。
相较于现有技术,本发明所采用的技术具有如下优点:
本发明采用新型的阶梯式硼掺杂工艺:将通过控制硼掺杂源B2H6气体流量,实现发射极掺硼浓度从低到高的阶梯式掺杂工艺;
本发明薄膜界面H2等离子体处理:在制备工艺过程中,并且在每一步切换气体流量时,采用H2等离子体处理形成富硅层,进一步降低薄膜界面的复合,提高空穴的传输特性;
(3)本发明采用低折射率、高光学带隙的掺硼薄膜:通过引入CO2或CH4气体能够使阶梯式掺硼非晶硅薄膜晶化,生成氢化氧化硅薄膜或a-SiCx:H薄膜,降低掺硼非晶硅薄膜的折射率,提高其光学带隙;
(4)本发明采用RPD沉积透明导电薄膜(TCO)技术:RPD相比于磁控溅射,其工艺温度低、沉积速率快、对非晶硅发射极表面损伤小,所制备的薄膜具有结晶性高、粗糙度低,透过率高、方阻小;
(5)采用先进的HIT太阳电池结构:与三洋公司的HIT电池结构相比,本专利采用新型低复合、低寄生性吸收的发射极结构,并且采用双面电池结构增强背面光的吸收,因此具有更高的性能优势,适合于大规模、低成本生产。
附图说明
图1是本发明中采用的新型结构的HIT太阳电池结构图;
图2是本发明中采用的新型结构的HIT太阳电池制备方法流程图;
图3 是本发明中采用的HIT太阳电池传统a-Si:H (p)发射极、阶梯式掺杂的a-Si:H (p)发射极、H2等离子体处理界面的阶梯式掺杂a-Si:H (p)发射极、H2等离子体处理界面的阶梯式掺杂a-SiCx:H发射极及H2等离子体处理界面的阶梯式掺杂a-SiOx:H的发射极结构图。
具体实施方式
以下描述用于揭露本发明以使本领域技术人员能够实现本发明。以下描述中的优选实施例只作为举例,本领域技术人员可以想到其他显而易见的变型。在以下描述中界定的本发明的基本原理可以应用于其他实施方案、变形方案、改进方案、等同方案以及没有背离本发明的精神和范围的其他技术方案。
本发明公开一种HIT太阳电池的硼掺杂发射极结构,该太阳电池的结构包括:n型硅片,a-Si:H (i)钝化层,透明导电薄膜(TCO),若干硼掺杂浓度的发射极,H2等离子体处理薄膜接触界面形成的富硅层和无主栅结构的银细珊线,该太阳电池的结构是以高光学带隙、低掺硼非晶硅薄膜的折射率、低薄膜界面复合、低薄膜缺陷态密度的阶梯式掺杂发射极结构特征。
本发明还公开一种HIT太阳电池硼掺杂发射极制备方法,在HIT电池表面采用本征非晶硅进行表面钝化,通过控制硼掺杂源B2H6气体流量,实现发射极掺硼浓度从低到高的阶梯式掺杂工艺,并且在每一步切换气体流量时,采用H2等离子体处理形成富硅层,进一步降低薄膜接触界面的复合,同时引入CO2或CH4气体能够使阶梯式掺硼非晶硅薄膜晶化,生成氢化氧化硅薄膜或a-SiCx:H薄膜。
具体地,该方法包括:
步骤1):硅片清洗与制绒:n型硅片,进行前后表面的制绒与RCA清洗;
步骤2):非晶硅薄膜沉积:清洗后,在该硅片的后表面,采用PECVD沉积该a-Si:H(i)钝化层,磷掺杂源PH3气体流量,在该硅片后表面a-Si:H (i)层上沉积一层a-Si:H (n)薄膜,在硅片的前表面,采用射频PECVD沉积该a-Si:H (i)钝化层,控制硼掺杂源B2H6气体流量,在硅片前表面该a-Si:H (i)层上沉积第一层轻掺杂的a-Si:H (p)薄膜,经过H2等离子体处理表面;而后沉积第二层中掺杂的a-Si:H (p)薄膜,经过H2等离子体处理表面;最后沉积第三层重掺杂的a-Si:H (p)薄膜,经过H2等离子体处理表面;
步骤3):透明导电膜沉积:反应等离子体沉积(RPD)沉积ITO薄膜;在掺杂非晶硅与TCO接触界面处,由于改善载流子迁移率而进行的元素掺杂,会对电池效率造成一定影响。对ITO薄膜进行分析,掺杂元素会随着ITO薄膜的沉积,会继续向a-Si:H/c-Si界面渗透;
步骤4):丝网印刷:采用无主栅技术,正、背面印刷超细银栅线。在制备工艺过程中,高宽比较大的金属栅线电极有利于增加金属栅线的反射率,降低电极体电阻,提高效率;
步骤5):低温烧结:采用低温烧结、导电性优异的低温银浆,通过烧结温度200°C,时间为30分钟,以防止高温退火工艺对掺杂层产生破坏。
以下为本发明的具体实施例:
实施例12
如图1中所示,本实施例提供的HIT太阳电池结构为以高光学带隙、低掺硼非晶硅薄膜的折射率、低缺陷态密度、阶梯式掺杂的发射极结构,该太阳电池的结构从上至下依次包括:6为n型硅片,5为a-Si:H (i)钝化层,2为透明导电薄膜(TCO),4为三种硼掺杂浓度的a-Si:H (p),3为H2等离子体处理薄膜接触界面形成的富硅层和1为无主栅的银细珊线。如图2所示,为阶梯式硼掺杂a-Si:H (p)为发射极的HIT太阳电池制备方法流程图。本实施案例1,是图3 (b)所示的发射极结构。
上述结构为以a-Si:H (p)为发射极的HIT太阳电池,通过以下方法制备获得:
(1)将n型单晶硅片用RCA工艺进行清洗,主要包括:SPM (H2SO4:H2O2=3:1)去除有机物,DHF(HF:H2O=1:30)去除氧化层,用APM (NH4OH:H2O2:H2O=1:1:5)去除颗粒,HPM(HCl:H2O2:H2O=1:1:6)去除金属杂质。
(2)非晶硅薄膜沉积:清洗后,在硅片的后表面,采用13.56 MHz射频PECVD,硅烷(SiH4)作为前驱体,SiH4和H2分别为100 - 400 sccm和10 - 50 sccm,功率30 - 60 W、气压500 mTorr和温度为250 ℃,沉积5 - 8 nm 的a-Si:H (i)钝化层,磷掺杂源PH3气体流量,采用7 - 15 sccm气体流量,在硅片后表面a-Si:H (i)层上沉积一层a-Si:H (n)薄膜。在硅片的前表面,采用13.56 MHz射频PECVD,沉积5 - 8 nm 的a-Si:H (i)钝化层,控制硼掺杂源B2H6气体流量,a-Si:H (p) 生长速率为0.4 - 0.5 nm/s,采用20 sccm气体流量,在硅片前表面a-Si:H (i)层上沉积第一层轻掺杂的2 - 3 nm的a-Si:H (p)薄膜;而后采用30sccm气体流量沉积第二层中掺杂的3 - 5 nm a-Si:H (p)薄膜;最后采用40 sccm气体流量,沉积第三层重掺杂的4 - 5 nm的a-Si:H (p)薄膜;
(3)然后通过反应等离子体沉积(RPD)在电池前后表面沉积ITO薄膜,采用的靶材为质量分数为5%的In2O3:SnO2混合物,沉积温度为200 - 250 ℃,功率密度1 - 3 W,Ar气流量250 - 400 sccm,O2流量2 - 10 sccm;
丝网印刷:采用无主栅技术,正、背面印刷超细12 - 20根银栅线;
(5)低温烧结:烧结温度200°C,时间为30分钟,以防止高温退火工艺对掺杂层产生破坏。银浆料,需要采用低温烧结、导电性优异的低温银浆。
实施例2
如图1中所示,本实施例提供的HIT太阳电池结构为以高光学带隙、低掺硼非晶硅薄膜的折射率、低缺陷态密度、阶梯式掺杂的发射极结构,该太阳电池的结构从上至下依次包括:6为n型硅片,5为a-Si:H (i)钝化层,2为透明导电薄膜(TCO),4为三种硼掺杂浓度的a-Si:H (p),3为H2等离子体处理薄膜接触界面形成的富硅层和1为银细珊线。如图2所示,为阶梯式硼掺杂a-Si:H (p)为发射极的HIT太阳电池制备方法流程图。本实施案例2,是图3(c)所示的发射极结构。
上述结构为以a-Si:H (p)为发射极的HIT太阳电池,通过以下方法制备获得:
(1)将n型单晶硅片用RCA方法进行清洗,主要包括:SPM (H2SO4:H2O2=3:1)去除有机物,DHF(HF:H2O=1:30)去除氧化层,用APM (NH4OH:H2O2:H2O=1:1:5)去除颗粒,HPM(HCl:H2O2:H2O=1:1:6)去除金属杂质。
(2)非晶硅薄膜沉积:清洗后,在硅片的后表面,采用13.56 MHz射频PECVD,硅烷(SiH4)作为前驱体,SiH4和H2分别为100 - 400 sccm和10 - 50 sccm,功率30 - 60 W、气压500 mTorr和温度为250 ℃,沉积5 - 8 nm 的a-Si:H (i)钝化层,磷掺杂源PH3气体流量,采用7-15 sccm气体流量,在硅片后表面a-Si:H (i)层上沉积一层a-Si:H (n)薄膜,经过20s的H2等离子体处理表面。在硅片的前表面,采用13.56 MHz射频PECVD,沉积5 - 8 nm 的a-Si:H (i)钝化层,控制硼掺杂源B2H6气体流量,a-Si:H (p) 生长速率为0.4 - 0.5 nm/s,采用20 sccm气体流量,在硅片前表面a-Si:H (i)层上沉积第一层轻掺杂的2 - 3 nm的a-Si:H (p)薄膜,经过20 s的H2等离子体处理表面;而后采用30 sccm气体流量沉积第二层中掺杂的3 - 5 nm a-Si:H (p)薄膜,经过20 s的H2等离子体处理表面;最后采用40 sccm气体流量,沉积第三层重掺杂的4 - 5 nm的a-Si:H (p)薄膜,经过20 s的H2等离子体处理表面;
(3)然后通过反应等离子体沉积(RPD)在电池前后表面沉积ITO薄膜,采用的靶材为质量分数为5%的In2O3:SnO2,沉积温度为200 - 250 ℃,功率密度1 - 3 W,Ar气流量250- 400 sccm,O2流量2 - 10 sccm;
(4)丝网印刷:采用无主栅技术,正、背面印刷超细12 - 20根银栅线;
(5)低温烧结:烧结温度200°C,时间为30分钟,以防止高温退火工艺对掺杂层产生破坏。银浆料,需要采用低温烧结、导电性优异的低温银浆。
实施例3
如图1中所示,本实施例提供的HIT太阳电池结构为以高光学带隙、低掺硼非晶硅薄膜的折射率、低缺陷态密度、阶梯式掺杂的发射极结构,该太阳电池的结构从上至下依次包括:6为n型硅片,5为a-Si:H (i)钝化层,2为透明导电薄膜(TCO),4为三种硼掺杂浓度的a-Si:H (p),3为H2等离子体处理薄膜接触界面形成的富硅层和1为银细珊线。如图2所示,为阶梯式硼掺杂a-Si:H (p)为发射极的HIT太阳电池制备方法流程图。本实施案例2,是图3(d)所示的发射极结构。
上述结构为以a-Si:H (p)为发射极的HIT太阳电池,通过以下方法制备获得:
(1)将n型单晶硅片用RCA工艺进行清洗,主要包括:SPM (H2SO4:H2O2=3:1)去除有机物,DHF(HF:H2O=1:30)去除氧化层,用APM (NH4OH:H2O2:H2O=1:1:5)去除颗粒,HPM(HCl:H2O2:H2O=1:1:6)去除金属杂质。
(2)非晶硅薄膜沉积:清洗后,在硅片的后表面,采用13.56 MHz射频PECVD,硅烷(SiH4)作为前驱体,SiH4和H2分别为100 - 400 sccm和10 - 50 sccm,功率30 - 60 W、气压500 mTorr和温度为250 ℃,沉积5 - 8 nm 的a-Si:H (i)钝化层,磷掺杂源PH3气体流量,采用7-15 sccm气体流量,在硅片后表面a-Si:H (i)层上沉积一层a-Si:H (n)薄膜,经过20s的H2等离子体处理表面。在硅片的前表面,采用13.56 MHz射频PECVD,沉积5 - 8 nm 的a-Si:H (i)钝化层,控制硼掺杂源B2H6气体流量。采用20 sccm硼掺杂源B2H6气体流量,同时引入CH4,采用5 - 20 sccm气体流量,在硅片前表面a-Si:H (i)层上沉积第一层轻掺杂的2 -3 nm的a-SiCx:H (p)薄膜,经过20 s的H2等离子体处理表面;而后采用30 sccm硼掺杂源B2H6气体流量,同时引入CH4,采用5 - 20 sccm气体流量沉积第二层中掺杂的3 - 5 nm a-SiCx:H (p)薄膜,经过20 s的H2等离子体处理表面;最后采用40 sccm硼掺杂源B2H6气体流量,同时引入CH4,采用5 - 20 sccm气体流量,沉积第三层重掺杂的4 - 5 nm的a-SiCx:H(p)薄膜,经过20 s的H2等离子体处理表面;
(3)然后通过反应等离子体沉积(RPD)在电池前后表面沉积ITO薄膜,采用的靶材为质量分数为5%的In2O3:SnO2,沉积温度为200 - 250 ℃,功率密度1 - 3 W,Ar气流量250- 400 sccm,O2流量2 - 10 sccm;
(4)丝网印刷:采用无主栅技术,正、背面印刷超细12 - 20根银栅线;
(5)低温烧结:烧结温度200°C,时间为30分钟,以防止高温退火工艺对掺杂层产生破坏。银浆料,需要采用低温烧结、导电性优异的低温银浆。
实施例4
如图1中所示,本实施例提供的HIT太阳电池结构为以高光学带隙、低掺硼非晶硅薄膜的折射率、低缺陷态密度、阶梯式掺杂的发射极结构,该太阳电池的结构从上至下依次包括:6为n型硅片,5为a-Si:H (i)钝化层,2为透明导电薄膜(TCO),4为三种硼掺杂浓度的a-Si:H (p),3为H2等离子体处理薄膜接触界面形成的富硅层和1为银细珊线。如图2所示,为阶梯式硼掺杂a-Si:H (p)为发射极的HIT太阳电池制备方法流程图。本实施案例2,是图3(e)所示的发射极结构。
上述结构为以a-Si:H (p)为发射极的HIT太阳电池,通过以下方法制备获得:
(1)将n型单晶硅片用RCA工艺进行清洗,主要包括:SPM (H2SO4:H2O2=3:1)去除有机物,DHF(HF:H2O=1:30)去除氧化层,用APM (NH4OH:H2O2:H2O=1:1:5)去除颗粒,HPM(HCl:H2O2:H2O=1:1:6)去除金属杂质。
(2)非晶硅薄膜沉积:清洗后,在硅片的后表面,采用13.56 MHz射频PECVD,硅烷(SiH4)作为前驱体,SiH4和H2分别为100 - 400 sccm和10 - 50 sccm,功率30 - 60 W、气压500 mTorr和温度为250 ℃,沉积5 - 8 nm 的a-Si:H (i)钝化层,磷掺杂源PH3气体流量,采用7-15 sccm气体流量,在硅片后表面a-Si:H (i)层上沉积一层a-Si:H (n)薄膜,经过20s的H2等离子体处理表面。在硅片的前表面,采用13.56 MHz射频PECVD,沉积5 - 8 nm 的a-Si:H (i)钝化层,采用20 sccm气体流量硼掺杂源B2H6气体流量,同时引入CO2,采用5 - 20sccm气体流量,在硅片前表面a-Si:H (i)层上沉积第一层轻掺杂的2 - 3 nm的a-SiOx:H(p)薄膜,经过20 s的H2等离子体处理表面;而后采用30 sccm硼掺杂源B2H6气体流量,同时引入CO2,采用5 - 20 sccm气体流量沉积第二层中掺杂的3 - 5 nm a-SiOx:H (p)薄膜,经过20 s的H2等离子体处理表面;最后采用40 sccm硼掺杂源B2H6气体流量,同时引入CO2,采用5 - 20 sccm气体流量,沉积第三层重掺杂的4 - 5 nm的a-SiCx:H (p)薄膜,经过20 s的H2等离子体处理表面;
(3)然后通过反应等离子体沉积(RPD)在电池前后表面沉积ITO薄膜,采用的靶材为质量分数为5%的In2O3:SnO2,沉积温度为200 - 250 ℃,功率密度1 - 3 W,Ar气流量250- 400 sccm,O2流量2 - 10 sccm;
(4)丝网印刷:采用无主栅技术,正、背面印刷超细12 - 20根银栅线;
(5)低温烧结:烧结温度200°C,时间为30分钟,以防止高温退火工艺对掺杂层产生破坏。银浆料,需要采用低温烧结、导电性优异的低温银浆。
本领域的技术人员应理解,上述描述及附图中所示的本发明的实施例只作为举例而并不限制本发明。本发明的目的已经完整并有效地实现。本发明的功能及结构原理已在实施例中展示和说明,在没有背离所述原理下,本发明的实施方式可以有任何变形或修改。
Claims (3)
1.一种HIT太阳电池硼掺杂发射极制备方法,其特征在于,在HIT电池表面采用本征非晶硅进行表面钝化,通过控制硼掺杂源B2H6气体流量,实现发射极掺硼浓度从低到高的阶梯式掺杂工艺,并且在每一步切换气体流量时,采用H2等离子体处理形成富硅层,进一步降低薄膜接触界面的复合,同时引入CO2或CH4气体能够使阶梯式掺硼非晶硅薄膜晶化,生成氢化氧化硅薄膜或a-SiCx:H薄膜;其中该方法包括:
步骤1):硅片清洗与制绒:n型硅片,进行前后表面的制绒与RCA清洗;
步骤2):非晶硅薄膜沉积:清洗后,在该硅片的后表面,采用PECVD沉积该a-Si:H (i)钝化层,磷掺杂源PH3气体流量,在该硅片后表面a-Si:H (i)层上沉积一层a-Si:H (n)薄膜,在硅片的前表面,采用射频PECVD沉积该a-Si:H (i)钝化层,控制硼掺杂源B2H6气体流量,在硅片前表面该a-Si:H (i)层上沉积第一层轻掺杂的a-Si:H (p)薄膜,经过H2等离子体处理表面;而后沉积第二层中掺杂的a-Si:H (p)薄膜,经过H2等离子体处理表面;最后沉积第三层重掺杂的a-Si:H (p)薄膜,经过H2等离子体处理表面;
步骤3):透明导电膜沉积:反应等离子体沉积RPD沉积ITO薄膜;对ITO薄膜进行分析,掺杂元素会随着ITO薄膜的沉积,会继续向a-Si:H/c-Si界面渗透;
步骤4):丝网印刷:通过无主栅技术,正、背面印刷超细银栅线;
步骤5):低温烧结:采用低温银浆,经烧结温度200°C,时间30分钟。
2.根据权利要求1所述的HIT太阳电池硼掺杂发射极制备方法,其特征在于,非晶硅薄膜沉积步骤包括:清洗后,在该硅片的后表面,采用PECVD沉积该a-Si:H (i)钝化层,磷掺杂源PH3气体流量,在该硅片后表面该a-Si:H (i)层上沉积一层该a-Si:H (n)薄膜,在硅片的前表面,采用PECVD沉积该a-Si:H (i)钝化层,控制硼掺杂源B2H6气体流量,同时引入CH4,采用气体流量,在该硅片前表面该a-Si:H (i)层上沉积第一层轻掺杂的a-SiCx:H (p)薄膜,经过H2等离子体处理表面;而后引入CH4,沉积第二层中掺杂的a-SiCx:H (p)薄膜,经过H2等离子体处理表面;最后同时引入CH4,沉积第三层重掺杂的a-SiCx:H (p)薄膜,经过H2等离子体处理表面。
3.根据权利要求1所述的HIT太阳电池硼掺杂发射极制备方法,其特征在于,非晶硅薄膜沉积步骤包括:清洗后,在该硅片的后表面,采用PECVD沉积该a-Si:H (i)钝化层,磷掺杂源PH3气体流量,在该硅片后表面该a-Si:H (i)层上沉积一层该a-Si:H (n)薄膜,在硅片的前表面,采用PECVD沉积该a-Si:H (i)钝化层,控制硼掺杂源B2H6气体流量,同时引入CO2,在该硅片前表面该a-Si:H (i)层上沉积该第一层轻掺杂的a-SiOx:H (p)薄膜,经过H2等离子体处理表面;而后引入CO2,沉积该第二层中掺杂的a-SiOx:H (p)薄膜,经过H2等离子体处理表面;最后引入CO2,沉积该第三层重掺杂的a-SiOx:H (p)薄膜,经过H2等离子体处理表面。
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