CN108914623A - 一种用改性纳米二氧化钛-表面接枝的碳纳米管制备超细纤维聚氨酯合成革的方法 - Google Patents
一种用改性纳米二氧化钛-表面接枝的碳纳米管制备超细纤维聚氨酯合成革的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用改性纳米二氧化钛‑表面接枝的碳纳米管制备超细纤维聚氨酯合成革的方法,将聚氨酯树脂用溶剂稀释,加入填料轻质碳酸钙、消泡剂和增稠剂及纳米二氧化钛粉体悬浮液、聚丙烯酰氯表面接枝的碳纳米管,超声分散,得到均匀聚氨酯含浸乳液;将经聚乙烯醇预处理的基布通过辊涂机轧压含浸聚氨酯乳液,然后将基布放入水‑DMF混合凝固浴,形成固体聚氨酯;再将基布放入水溶液中搅拌,使聚乙烯醇发生降解溶出,干燥基布;将水洗后的干燥基布浸入由氢氧化钠、乙二胺、渗透剂组成的混合溶液中,振荡反应,进行开纤处理,得到超细纤维聚氨酯合成革。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于合成革领域,具体涉及一种用改性纳米二氧化钛-表面接枝的碳纳米管制备超细纤维聚氨酯合成革的方法。
背景技术
超细纤维聚氨酯合成革由聚氨酯与聚酰胺超细纤维复合形成。聚酰胺超细纤
维交联形成网状结构,与真皮胶原纤维结构和性能相似,起到骨架和支撑作用,
聚氨酯分布在纤维四周,使合成革纤维与革面通过物理与化学作用构成整体,并
拥有类似于天然皮革的性能。超细纤维聚氨酯合成革具有天然皮革所固有的吸湿
透气性,并在耐化学性、防水性、防霉变性等方面优于天然皮革,因而应用广泛,
可用于汽车内饰、箱包、家具等众多领域。但是存在防水、抗菌、抗静电、耐摩擦性能不足。
碳纳米管的特点在于其具有较大的长径比,优异的力学、电学性能,在增强材料和导电材料领域内成为研究的热点。为了进一步发挥和改善碳纳米管的性能,碳纳米管表而修饰和功能化处理已经成为国际碳纳米管研究的一个主要问题。本发明通过碳纳米管的表面酸氧化、表面共价接枝官能化,与改性纳米二氧化钛、聚氨酯混合制备了聚氨酯含浸乳液,解决了合成革防水、抗菌、抗静电、耐摩擦性能的不足。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有的问题,提供了一种用改性纳米二氧化钛-表面接枝的碳纳米管制备超细纤维聚氨酯合成革的方法,依照该方法制作的合成革具有优异的疏水性能和防水效果、抗菌性能、抗静电性和耐摩擦性能。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种用改性纳米二氧化钛-表面接枝的碳纳米管制备超细纤维聚氨酯合成革的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)纳米二氧化钛的分散:
向2-4份锐钛矿型纳米二氧化钛中加入0.06-0.12份分散剂六偏磷酸钠、30-60份去离子水,超声5-15min分散均匀,形成纳米二氧化钛粉体悬浮液;
(2)碳纳米管的表面化学修饰:
向聚丙烯酰氯聚合溶液中滴加多壁碳纳米管分散液,加入0.07-0.08份促进剂三乙胺,在80-83℃下搅拌1-2d后,离心15-20min,倒掉上层液,加入1,4-二氧六环超声分散1-2h,再离心10-15min,反复操作3次,然后分散到1,4-二氧六环溶液中,超声1-2h,得到聚丙烯酰氯表面接枝的碳纳米管;
(3)聚氨酯含浸-基材水洗工艺:
将40-50份聚氨酯树脂用溶剂DMF稀释至聚氨酯含量为20%,加入5-10份填料轻质碳酸钙、0.1-0.2份消泡剂和0.1-0.2份增稠剂及(1)、(2)中所得物料,超声分散10-20min,得到均匀聚氨酯含浸乳液;
将经聚乙烯醇预处理的基布通过辊涂机轧压含浸聚氨酯乳液1-2h,然后将基布放入DMF含量为10%的水-DMF混合凝固浴,形成固体聚氨酯;再将基布放入60-63℃水溶液中搅拌,使聚乙烯醇发生降解溶出,干燥基布;
(4)开纤处理工艺:
将(3)中所得水洗后的干燥基布浸入由5-7g/L氢氧化钠、2-4g/L乙二胺、1-3g/L渗透剂JFC组成的混合溶液中,在83-87℃下振荡反应35-45min,进行开纤处理,得到超细纤维聚氨酯合成革。
进一步的,步骤(2)中多壁碳纳米管分散液的制备:将多壁碳纳米管置于390-410℃马弗炉中加热55-65min,分散于体积比为2:1的浓硫酸和浓硝酸的混合物中,磁力搅拌25-35min后,再超声震荡25-35min,在135-145℃的油浴中搅拌回流55-65min,取出,用去离子水稀释,进行减压过滤,反复水洗至pH为中性,放入55-65℃其空干燥箱中烘干;向0.1-0.2份酸化后的碳纳米管中加入50-52份1,4-二氧六环,超声振荡55-65min得多壁碳纳米管分散液。
进一步的,步骤(2)中聚丙烯酰氯聚合溶液的制备:向0.01-0.02份偶氮二异丁腈中注入50-52份1,4-二氧六环,通入氮气,磁力搅拌5-10min后,再注入3-4份丙烯酰氯,继续磁力搅拌5-10min,然后在55-65℃油浴中磁力搅拌1-2d,得聚丙烯酰氯聚合溶液。
进一步的,步骤(3)中聚乙烯醇浸渍基布:向45-55份聚乙烯醇2000中加入水,在80-83℃下搅拌溶解,得到质量分数为5%的溶液;将超细纤维非织造基布在120-123℃下烘干,置于聚乙烯醇溶液中浸渍1-2h,经辊涂机挤出多余溶液,聚乙烯醇浸渍比例为3%,在120-123℃下烘干。
本发明相比现有技术具有以下优点:
(1)对锐钛矿型纳米二氧化钛进行表面改性制备了具有较好亲水性的可反应性粒子,采用微粒直接共混分散法制备改性纳米二氧化钛-聚氨酯含浸乳液,添加纳米二氧化钛不影响聚氨酯乳液的稳定性,复合粒子仍然以纳米级存在;添加
纳米二氧化钛有助于提高合成革的疏水性能,有一定的防水效果;添加锐钛矿型纳米二氧化钛的合成革具有更好的抗菌性能和抗静电性,可大大提高合成革的耐磨性能。
(2)利用浓硫酸和浓硝酸混合溶液组成的体系对碳纳米管进行表面酸化处理,使碳纳米管表面产生一定数量的官能基团,得到酸化处理碳纳米管;利用酸化处理碳纳米管表面上的羟基作为反应基点,接枝上聚丙烯酰氯,得到表面共价接枝官能化的碳纳米管;将其添加到聚氨酯中制备了聚氨酯含浸乳液,聚合物接枝后的碳纳米管对于聚氨酯基体力学强度的提高很明显,而且在增强了其力学性能的同时,对于复合材料耐磨性也有很大的提高;进一步增强了合成革的力学强度、耐磨擦性能。
(3)由改性纳米二氧化钛-表面修饰的碳纳米管制备聚氨酯含浸乳液,将其与聚酰胺超细纤维复合形成,通过湿法工艺制备了超细纤维聚氨酯合成革。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种用改性纳米二氧化钛-表面接枝的碳纳米管制备超细纤维聚氨酯合成革的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)纳米二氧化钛的分散:
向2份锐钛矿型纳米二氧化钛中加入0.06份分散剂六偏磷酸钠、30份去离子水,超声5min分散均匀,形成纳米二氧化钛粉体悬浮液;
(2)碳纳米管的表面化学修饰:
向聚丙烯酰氯聚合溶液中滴加多壁碳纳米管分散液,加入0.07份促进剂三乙胺,在80-83℃下搅拌1d后,离心15min,倒掉上层液,加入1,4-二氧六环超声分散1h,再离心10min,反复操作3次,然后分散到1,4-二氧六环溶液中,超声1h,得到聚丙烯酰氯表面接枝的碳纳米管;
(3)聚氨酯含浸-基材水洗工艺:
将40份聚氨酯树脂用溶剂DMF稀释至聚氨酯含量为20%,加入5份填料轻质碳酸钙、0.1份消泡剂和0.1份增稠剂及(1)、(2)中所得物料,超声分散10min,得到均匀聚氨酯含浸乳液;
将经聚乙烯醇预处理的基布通过辊涂机轧压含浸聚氨酯乳液1h,然后将基布放入DMF含量为10%的水-DMF混合凝固浴,形成固体聚氨酯;再将基布放入60-63℃水溶液中搅拌,使聚乙烯醇发生降解溶出,干燥基布;
(4)开纤处理工艺:
将(3)中所得水洗后的干燥基布浸入由5g/L氢氧化钠、2g/L乙二胺、1g/L渗透剂JFC组成的混合溶液中,在83-87℃下振荡反应35min,进行开纤处理,得到超细纤维聚氨酯合成革。
进一步的,步骤(2)中多壁碳纳米管分散液的制备:将多壁碳纳米管置于390-410℃马弗炉中加热55min,分散于体积比为2:1的浓硫酸和浓硝酸的混合物中,磁力搅拌25min后,再超声震荡25min,在135-145℃的油浴中搅拌回流55min,取出,用去离子水稀释,进行减压过滤,反复水洗至pH为中性,放入55-65℃其空干燥箱中烘干;向0.1份酸化后的碳纳米管中加入50份1,4-二氧六环,超声振荡55min得多壁碳纳米管分散液。
进一步的,步骤(2)中聚丙烯酰氯聚合溶液的制备:向0.01份偶氮二异丁腈中注入50份1,4-二氧六环,通入氮气,磁力搅拌5min后,再注入3份丙烯酰氯,继续磁力搅拌5min,然后在55-65℃油浴中磁力搅拌1d,得聚丙烯酰氯聚合溶液。
进一步的,步骤(3)中聚乙烯醇浸渍基布:向45份聚乙烯醇2000中加入水,在80-83℃下搅拌溶解,得到质量分数为5%的溶液;将超细纤维非织造基布在120-123℃下烘干,置于聚乙烯醇溶液中浸渍1h,经辊涂机挤出多余溶液,聚乙烯醇浸渍比例为3%,在120-123℃下烘干。
实施例2
一种用改性纳米二氧化钛-表面接枝的碳纳米管制备超细纤维聚氨酯合成革的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)纳米二氧化钛的分散:
向4份锐钛矿型纳米二氧化钛中加入0.12份分散剂六偏磷酸钠、60份去离子水,超声15min分散均匀,形成纳米二氧化钛粉体悬浮液;
(2)碳纳米管的表面化学修饰:
向聚丙烯酰氯聚合溶液中滴加多壁碳纳米管分散液,加入0.08份促进剂三乙胺,在80-83℃下搅拌2d后,离心20min,倒掉上层液,加入1,4-二氧六环超声分散2h,再离心15min,反复操作3次,然后分散到1,4-二氧六环溶液中,超声2h,得到聚丙烯酰氯表面接枝的碳纳米管;
(3)聚氨酯含浸-基材水洗工艺:
将50份聚氨酯树脂用溶剂DMF稀释至聚氨酯含量为20%,加入10份填料轻质碳酸钙、0.2份消泡剂和0.2份增稠剂及(1)、(2)中所得物料,超声分散20min,得到均匀聚氨酯含浸乳液;
将经聚乙烯醇预处理的基布通过辊涂机轧压含浸聚氨酯乳液2h,然后将基布放入DMF含量为10%的水-DMF混合凝固浴,形成固体聚氨酯;再将基布放入60-63℃水溶液中搅拌,使聚乙烯醇发生降解溶出,干燥基布;
(4)开纤处理工艺:
将(3)中所得水洗后的干燥基布浸入由7g/L氢氧化钠、4g/L乙二胺、3g/L渗透剂JFC组成的混合溶液中,在83-87℃下振荡反应45min,进行开纤处理,得到超细纤维聚氨酯合成革。
进一步的,步骤(2)中多壁碳纳米管分散液的制备:将多壁碳纳米管置于390-410℃马弗炉中加热65min,分散于体积比为2:1的浓硫酸和浓硝酸的混合物中,磁力搅拌35min后,再超声震荡35min,在135-145℃的油浴中搅拌回流65min,取出,用去离子水稀释,进行减压过滤,反复水洗至pH为中性,放入55-65℃其空干燥箱中烘干;向0.2份酸化后的碳纳米管中加入52份1,4-二氧六环,超声振荡65min得多壁碳纳米管分散液。
进一步的,步骤(2)中聚丙烯酰氯聚合溶液的制备:向0.02份偶氮二异丁腈中注入52份1,4-二氧六环,通入氮气,磁力搅拌10min后,再注入4份丙烯酰氯,继续磁力搅拌10min,然后在55-65℃油浴中磁力搅拌2d,得聚丙烯酰氯聚合溶液。
进一步的,步骤(3)中聚乙烯醇浸渍基布:向55份聚乙烯醇2000中加入水,在80-83℃下搅拌溶解,得到质量分数为5%的溶液;将超细纤维非织造基布在120-123℃下烘干,置于聚乙烯醇溶液中浸渍2h,经辊涂机挤出多余溶液,聚乙烯醇浸渍比例为3%,在120-123℃下烘干。
按照本发明方法制作的合成革具有优异的疏水性能和防水效果、抗菌性能、抗静电性和耐摩擦性能;以未添加改性纳米二氧化钛-碳纳米管的聚氨酯含浸乳液制作的合成革为空白对照,按本实施例方法制作的合成革的抗张强度比空白革增大了31%、断裂伸长率比空白革增大了22%、透水汽性比空白革提高了14%、透气性比空白革提高了18%。
Claims (4)
1.一种用改性纳米二氧化钛-表面接枝的碳纳米管制备超细纤维聚氨酯合成革的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)纳米二氧化钛的分散:
向2-4份锐钛矿型纳米二氧化钛中加入0.06-0.12份分散剂六偏磷酸钠、30-60份去离子水,超声5-15min分散均匀,形成纳米二氧化钛粉体悬浮液;
(2)碳纳米管的表面化学修饰:
向聚丙烯酰氯聚合溶液中滴加多壁碳纳米管分散液,加入0.07-0.08份促进剂三乙胺,在80-83℃下搅拌1-2d后,离心15-20min,倒掉上层液,加入1,4-二氧六环超声分散1-2h,再离心10-15min,反复操作3次,然后分散到1,4-二氧六环溶液中,超声1-2h,得到聚丙烯酰氯表面接枝的碳纳米管;
(3)聚氨酯含浸-基材水洗工艺:
将40-50份聚氨酯树脂用溶剂DMF稀释至聚氨酯含量为20%,加入5-10份填料轻质碳酸钙、0.1-0.2份消泡剂和0.1-0.2份增稠剂及(1)、(2)中所得物料,超声分散10-20min,得到均匀聚氨酯含浸乳液;
将经聚乙烯醇预处理的基布通过辊涂机轧压含浸聚氨酯乳液1-2h,然后将基布放入DMF含量为10%的水-DMF混合凝固浴,形成固体聚氨酯;再将基布放入60-63℃水溶液中搅拌,使聚乙烯醇发生降解溶出,干燥基布;
(4)开纤处理工艺:
将(3)中所得水洗后的干燥基布浸入由5-7g/L氢氧化钠、2-4g/L乙二胺、1-3g/L渗透剂JFC组成的混合溶液中,在83-87℃下振荡反应35-45min,进行开纤处理,得到超细纤维聚氨酯合成革。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用改性纳米二氧化钛-表面接枝的碳纳米管制备超细纤维聚氨酯合成革的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中多壁碳纳米管分散液的制备:
将多壁碳纳米管置于390-410℃马弗炉中加热55-65min,分散于体积比为2:1的浓硫酸和浓硝酸的混合物中,磁力搅拌25-35min后,再超声震荡25-35min,在135-145℃的油浴中搅拌回流55-65min,取出,用去离子水稀释,进行减压过滤,反复水洗至pH为中性,放入55-65℃其空干燥箱中烘干;向0.1-0.2份酸化后的碳纳米管中加入50-52份1,4-二氧六环,超声振荡55-65min得多壁碳纳米管分散液。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用改性纳米二氧化钛-表面接枝的碳纳米管制备超细纤维聚氨酯合成革的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中聚丙烯酰氯聚合溶液的制备:
向0.01-0.02份偶氮二异丁腈中注入50-52份1,4-二氧六环,通入氮气,磁力搅拌5-10min后,再注入3-4份丙烯酰氯,继续磁力搅拌5-10min,然后在55-65℃油浴中磁力搅拌1-2d,得聚丙烯酰氯聚合溶液。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用改性纳米二氧化钛-表面接枝的碳纳米管制备超细纤维聚氨酯合成革的方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中聚乙烯醇浸渍基布:
向45-55份聚乙烯醇2000中加入水,在80-83℃下搅拌溶解,得到质量分数为5%的溶液;将超细纤维非织造基布在120-123℃下烘干,置于聚乙烯醇溶液中浸渍1-2h,经辊涂机挤出多余溶液,聚乙烯醇浸渍比例为3%,在120-123℃下烘干。
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