CN108910290A - 一种锂电池软包装膜 - Google Patents
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
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Landscapes
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Abstract
本发明涉及到一种锂电池软包装膜，包括设置在耐电解液层、设置在耐热电解液层表面的阻水阻氧层、设置在阻水阻氧层表面的耐热层；所述阻水阻氧层为阻水阻氧凝胶或阻水阻氧凝胶泡沫，所述耐热层包括无纺布以及复合在无纺布上的耐热性良好的热塑性树脂。其中阻水阻氧层主要作用在于阻隔空气、水蒸气通过，且为整个膜体提供良好的耐冲击性，制备得到的阻水阻氧凝胶泡沫既具有良好的结构强度，又具有一定的柔性，具有良好的换冲性能和抗冲深性；耐热层中主要包括无纺布、热塑性树脂以及聚丙烯纤维，将聚丙烯纤维混入在热塑性树脂中，再将经过混配处理的热塑性树脂复合在无纺布表面；具有良好耐热性的同时还具有良好的抗冲击性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种锂电池软包装膜，特别涉及一种锂电池软包装膜及其复合方法。
背景技术
锂电池即锂离子二次电池，由于重量轻、容量大、循环寿命长、无记忆效应等优良特点，被广泛应用于诸如手机、笔记本电脑、摄像机、充电宝、电动车辆、机器人、人造卫星等提供能量，也被用作能量储存用蓄电池，如充电宝、太阳能电站储能等。目前锂电池正处于性能不断提高、成本不断降低、应用领域快速扩大、市场份额急剧增长的阶段。
锂电池软包装膜作为电池芯的外壳，需要满足以下基本要求：极好的热封性、内层材料不与电解液起反应且整体耐电解液的性能、极高的阻水阻氧性能、极好的耐冲深性能。通常，锂电池软包装膜至少包括三层结构：尼龙层、中间铝箔阻隔层和内层热封层，三层间经胶粘剂或粘合树脂粘合，通过干法或挤出复合的方法制备完成。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种锂电池软包装膜。
本发明的上述技术目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的：一种锂电池软包装膜，包括设置在耐电解液层、设置在耐热电解液层表面的阻水阻氧层、设置在阻水阻氧层表面的耐热层；所述阻水阻氧层为阻水阻氧凝胶或阻水阻氧凝胶泡沫，所述耐热层包括无纺布以及复合在无纺布上的耐热性良好的热塑性树脂。
作为优选，所述阻水阻氧层采用阻水阻氧凝胶泡沫，所述阻水阻氧层包括上阻水阻氧层、下阻水阻氧层以及设置在上阻水阻氧层和下阻水阻氧层之间的中空层，所述中空层中设置在若干微型颗粒。
作为优选，所述阻水阻氧凝胶泡沫包括聚氨酯合成原料、纳米硅凝胶、硅酸锂/硅酸钠/硅酸钾、保水剂、增塑剂、乳化剂、胶黏剂。
作为优选，以下组分按重量计：
聚氨酯合成原料 50-80份
纳米硅凝胶 12-30份
硅酸锂/硅酸钠/硅酸钾 12-15份
保水剂 3-10份
增塑剂 3-10份
乳化剂 3-10份
胶黏剂 10-15份。
作为优选，所述乳化剂采用烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、二苄基联苯基聚氧乙烯醚、苯乙烯基苯酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚中的一种或任意几种，渗透剂采用脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚；所述微型颗粒采用碳酸钙粉末颗粒。
作为优选，所述阻水阻氧层采用阻水阻氧凝胶，所述阻水阻氧凝胶包括纳米硅凝胶、气相二氧化硅、钾基硅酸盐/锂基硅酸盐/硅酸盐混合物、无水乙醇、胶黏剂。
作为优选，以下组分按重量计：
纳米硅溶胶 60-80份
气相二氧化硅 30-40份
钾基硅酸盐/锂基硅酸盐/硅酸盐混合物 10-15份
无水乙醇 8-20份
胶黏剂 5-10份。
作为优选，所述耐热层中的热塑性树脂包括热塑性树脂原料和聚丙烯纤维。
综上所述，本发明具有以下有益效果：
1.本方案中的锂电池软包装膜，由内至外依次包括耐电解液层、阻水阻氧层、耐热层；其中阻水阻氧层主要作用在于阻隔空气、水蒸气通过，且为整个膜体提供良好的耐冲击性，本方案中提供两种阻水阻氧层的构成方案；
2.首先，阻水阻氧层采用阻水阻氧凝胶泡沫制成，利用阻水阻氧凝胶泡沫制成形状、大小、厚度基本相同的两片膜体，将碳酸钙粉末颗粒夹设在两片膜体之间，使得膜体之间形成中空层，由于空气是热的不良导体，因在具有良好的阻水阻氧性的同时还具有良好的阻热性；阻水阻氧凝胶泡沫主要成分为聚氨酯合成原料、纳米硅凝胶、硅酸锂/硅酸钠/硅酸钾、保水剂、增塑剂、乳化剂、胶黏剂，聚氨酯合成原料反应生成聚氨酯，纳米硅凝胶等其他物质填充在聚氨酯泡沫内，使制备得到的阻水阻氧凝胶泡沫既具有良好的结构强度，又具有一定的柔性，具有良好的换冲性能和抗冲深性；
3.另一方案中的阻水阻氧层是由阻水阻氧凝胶制成，阻水阻氧凝胶的主要成分为纳米硅凝胶、气相二氧化硅、钾基硅酸盐/锂基硅酸盐/硅酸盐混合物、无水乙醇、胶黏剂；将以上几种物质混合之后涂覆在耐电解液层表面，放置一段时候后，其中的无水乙醇挥发之后，在耐电解液层表面形成网状膜，之后将耐热层复合在阻水阻氧层表面，阻水阻氧层中形成的网状膜空隙变成封闭中空腔室，同样因为空气是热的不良导体，因而使其具有良好的耐热性；由于本方案中的阻水阻氧层均相当于双层膜体，因而阻水阻氧的效果均为双倍，本方案中的凝胶致密，因而具有良好的阻水阻氧性；
4.本方案中的耐热层中主要包括无纺布、热塑性树脂以及聚丙烯纤维，将聚丙烯纤维混入在热塑性树脂中，再将经过混配处理的热塑性树脂复合在无纺布表面；具有良好耐热性的同时还具有良好的抗冲击性能。
附图说明
图1是实施例中整体结构示意图。
图中，1、耐电解液层；2、阻水阻氧层；3、耐热层；31、上阻水阻氧层；32、下阻水阻氧层；33、中空层；331、微型颗粒。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本发明的解释，其并不是对本发明的限制，本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改，但只要在本发明的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
实施例：
一种锂电池包装膜，如图1所示，主要包括耐电解液层1、阻水阻氧层2、耐热层3；阻水阻氧层2设置在耐电解液层1表面，耐热层3设置在阻水阻氧层2表面。
实施例1-实施例5：
实施例1-实施例5中阻水阻氧层2的主要成分阻水阻氧凝胶泡沫，包括上阻水阻氧层31、下阻水阻氧层32以及中空层33；将阻水组氧凝胶泡沫制成形状、大小、厚度基本相同的两片膜体，将微型颗粒331夹设在两片膜体之间从而形成中空层33，微型颗粒331采用碳酸钙粉末颗粒。
本方案中的阻水阻氧凝胶泡沫主要包括聚氨酯合成原料、纳米硅凝胶、硅酸锂/硅酸钠/硅酸钾、保水剂、增塑剂、乳化剂、胶黏剂；乳化剂采用烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、二苄基联苯基聚氧乙烯醚、苯乙烯基苯酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚中的一种或任意几种，渗透剂采用脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚；聚氨酯合成原料可采用巨型水性聚氨酯乳液以水作溶剂或者作分散介质，体系中不含或含很少量的有机溶剂，异氰酸酯和多元醇缩合生成聚氨酯的乳液，反应机理如下所示：
耐热层3包括无纺布以及复合在无纺布上的耐热性良好的热塑性树脂，其中的热塑性树脂包括热塑性树脂原料和聚丙烯纤维，将聚丙烯纤维混入进热塑性树脂原料中；成型时，预先将无纺布放置在成型腔中间，再将混配后的热塑性树脂灌入后成型。
实施例1-实施例5中阻水阻氧凝胶泡沫各物质组成相同，但是每一物质含量不同，详见下表1所示；
表1：
实施例6-实施例10中的阻水阻氧层3采用阻水阻氧凝胶，其主要成分为阻水阻氧凝胶包括纳米硅凝胶、气相二氧化硅、钾基硅酸盐/锂基硅酸盐/硅酸盐混合物、无水乙醇、胶黏剂；每一实施例中的具体成分详见下表2所示；
表2：
对实施例1-实施例10中制备得到的锂电池软包装膜进行性能测试，可得结论：
1.本方案中制备得到的锂电池软包装膜具有良好的结构强度，且具有良好的耐热性、耐电解质酸、阻水阻氧性；
2.具有良好的抗拉伸、抗冲击性。
Claims (8)
1.一种锂电池软包装膜，其特征在于：包括设置在耐电解液层（1）、设置在耐热电解液层（1）表面的阻水阻氧层（2）、设置在阻水阻氧层（2）表面的耐热层（3）；所述阻水阻氧层（2）为阻水阻氧凝胶或阻水阻氧凝胶泡沫，所述耐热层（3）包括无纺布以及复合在无纺布上的耐热性良好的热塑性树脂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种锂电池软包装膜，其特征在于：所述阻水阻氧层（3）采用阻水阻氧凝胶泡沫，所述阻水阻氧层（3）包括上阻水阻氧层（31）、下阻水阻氧层（32）以及设置在上阻水阻氧层（31）和下阻水阻氧层（32）之间的中空层（33），所述中空层（33）中设置在若干微型颗粒（331）。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种锂电池软包装膜，其特征在于：所述阻水阻氧凝胶泡沫包括聚氨酯合成原料、纳米硅凝胶、硅酸锂/硅酸钠/硅酸钾、保水剂、增塑剂、乳化剂、胶黏剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种锂电池软包装膜，其特征在于，以下组分按重量计：
聚氨酯合成原料 50-80份
纳米硅凝胶 12-30份
硅酸锂/硅酸钠/硅酸钾 12-15份
保水剂 3-10份
增塑剂 3-10份
乳化剂 3-10份
胶黏剂 10-15份。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种锂电池软包装膜，其特征在于：所述乳化剂采用烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、二苄基联苯基聚氧乙烯醚、苯乙烯基苯酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚中的一种或任意几种，渗透剂采用脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚；所述微型颗粒（331）采用碳酸钙粉末颗粒。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种锂电池软包装膜，其特征在于：所述阻水阻氧层（3）采用阻水阻氧凝胶，所述阻水阻氧凝胶包括纳米硅凝胶、气相二氧化硅、钾基硅酸盐/锂基硅酸盐/硅酸盐混合物、无水乙醇、胶黏剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种锂电池软包装膜，其特征在于，以下组分按重量计：
纳米硅溶胶 60-80份
气相二氧化硅 30-40份
钾基硅酸盐/锂基硅酸盐/硅酸盐混合物 10-15份
无水乙醇 8-20份
胶黏剂 5-10份。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种锂电池软包装膜，其特征在于：所述耐热层（3）中的热塑性树脂包括热塑性树脂原料和聚丙烯纤维。
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