CN108904649B - 一种治疗泌尿系感染的中药及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗泌尿系感染的中药,它由仙茅、生地黄、当归、黄柏、墨旱莲、车前子、忍冬藤七味中药材组成,本发明还公开了所述中药的制备方法。本发明具有平衡阴阳、滋阴养血、利湿通淋、解毒镇痛的功效,对泌尿系感染尤其是中老年妇女由于阴阳失衡、阴血亏虚、湿热下注导致的泌尿系感染有很好的疗效。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药领域,具体涉及一种治疗泌尿系感染的中药,本发明还涉及该中药的制备方法。
背景技术
由于泌尿系统疾病是一种常见又多发的疾病,尿路感染是当前临床上细菌感染最常见疾病,仅次于呼吸道感染,全球每年1.5亿人罹患尿路感染,尿路感染致休克而死亡者在所有因感染致死者中居第三位,我国尿路感染发病率达到0.91%,用药频率极高,我国每年大约有近1亿人在服用泌尿系统抗感染药物,约占总人口的1/13;而中老年女性为尿路感染的高发人群。
目前用于治疗泌尿系感染的品种主要为西药抗生素,这些西药以治疗炎症为主,达不到标本兼治的效果,而中药能从从整体上进行调理,能温补肾阳,益气补虚,改善中老年人筋骨痿软,腰膝冷痛,阳虚冷泻的症状,增强肾虚功能,从而达到标本兼治目的。但是目前针对泌尿系感染的中药很少,仅有三金片、银花泌炎宁、尿感宁、泌感宁等为数不多的品种,这些中药不仅治疗效果不显著,尤其是针对中老年妇女泌尿系感染的疗效不显著,而且还存在服用剂量大、起效慢等缺点。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种治疗泌尿系感染的中药,该中药具有疗效显著,副作用少,起效快等优点。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用了以下技术措施:
一种治疗泌尿系感染的中药,它由以下成分组成:
优选地,所述中药由以下重量份数的成分组成:
最佳地,所述中药由以下重量份数的成分组成:
仙茅为石蒜科植物仙茅Curculigo orchioides Gaertn.的干燥根茎。归肾、肝、脾经,具有补肾阳,强筋骨,祛寒湿的功效,主要用于阳痿精冷,筋骨痿软,腰膝冷痛,阳虚冷泻。仙茅的现代药理研究表明,其药理作用广泛,具有延缓生殖系统老化、抗衰老、抗骨质疏松、抗高温、耐缺氧等适应原样作用,并有镇静、抗惊厥、抗炎、雄性激素样、增强免疫功能等作用,广泛用于阳痰、更年期综合症、不育症、性功能减退、乳腺小叶增生、原发性血小板紫斑、乙型肝炎、慢性前列腺炎、特发性水肿、再生障碍性贫血以及功能性子宫出血症等。仙茅为方中君药,主要温补肾阳,益气补虚,以改善中老年人阳痿精冷、筋骨痿软,腰膝冷痛,阳虚冷泻的证状。本方除了仙茅外,尚可用淫羊霍、肉从蓉、巴戟天等壮阳类药作为君药替换。
地黄为玄参科植物地黄glutinosa Libosch.的新鲜或干燥块根。秋季采挖,除去芦头、须根及泥沙,鲜用,或将地黄缓缓烘焙至约八成干,前者习称“鲜地黄”,后者习称“生地黄”。地黄归心、肝、肾经,具有清热凉血,养阴生津的功效,用于热入营血,温毒发斑,吐血衄血,热病伤阴,舌绛渴,烦,伤便秘,阴虚发热,骨蒸劳热,内热消渴。近年来,国内外对地黄的药理作用研究日益广泛深入,在临床上也得到了大量应用,主要用于治疗心血管疾病、糖尿病、高血压、老年痴呆、脑梗死、口腔溃疡、止血等,且对泌尿系统疾病也有较好的治疗作用。关俭等人用知柏地黄丸治疗老年尿路感染20例,发现知柏地黄丸联合抗生素治疗老年尿路感染可提高临床疗效,有效改善临床症状,降低复发率。地黄作为臣药,在方中具有协助君药滋补肾阴的作用。
当归为伞形科植物当归Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels的干燥根。归肝、心、脾经,具有补血活血,调经止痛,润肠通便的功效。用于血虚萎黄,眩晕心悸,月经不调,经闭痛经,虚寒腹痛,风湿痹痛,跌扑损伤,痈疽疮疡,肠燥便秘。当归及其有效成分的药理作用主要表现在以下几个方面:一是当归多糖及阿魏酸对多种原因造成骨髓造血功能衰竭的再生障碍性贫血有恢复和促进造血功能以及抗贫血的作用;二是当归醇提液和当归多糖对免疫力低下有较好的提高作用;三是当归注射液对缺血和缺氧造成的神经损伤有较好的保护和修复作用;四是当归多糖对多种原因引起的肺炎和肺纤维化有较好的改善作用;五是当归阿魏酸、当归挥发油对多种心脑血管意外事件有较好的改善作用。此外,当归多糖、当归水提醇沉液、当归挥发油等具有抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗辐射、镇痛、抗衰老、保护肾脏等多种作用。当归作为臣药、在方中具有滋阴补血的作用。
墨旱莲为菊科植物鳢肠Eclipta prostrata L.的干燥地上部分。归肾、肝经,具有滋补肝肾,凉血止血的功效,用于肝肾阴虚,牙齿松动,须发早白,眩晕耳鸣,腰膝酸软,阴虚血热吐血、衄血、尿血,血痢,崩漏下血,外伤出血。墨旱莲中主要含有三萜类,香豆草醚类,黄酮类,甾体类,噻吩类和挥发油等物质,具有很强的免疫调节、保肝、抗纤维化、抗肿瘤、抗自由基抗氧化和酶激活等药理作用。墨旱莲作为佐药、在方中具有滋阴、凉血、抗炎的作用。
车前子为车前科植物车前Plantago asiatica L.或平车前Plantago depressaWilld.的干燥成熟种子。归肝、肾、肺、小肠经,具有清热、利尿通淋,渗湿止泻,明目,祛痰的功效。用于热淋浬痛,水肿胀满,暑湿泄泻,目赤肿痛,痰热咳嗽。现代药理研究表明,车前子在利尿、消炎、降血糖、降血压、降血脂、抗氧化和调节免疫等多方面具有一定的活性。此外,据报道,车前子多糖也有免疫调节、降血糖、降血脂、抗氧化、促排便等多种生理活性。另有研究表明车前子提取物中桃叶珊瑚苷、京尼平苷和梓醇的混合物可拟制前列腺素的生产,具有明显的抗炎作用。车前子作为佐药、在方中发挥其清热渗湿、利尿通淋,渗湿止泻的作用。
忍冬藤为忍冬科植物忍冬Lonicera japonica Thunb.的干燥茎枝。归肺、胃经,具有清热解毒,疏凤通络的功效,用于温病发热,热毒血痢,痈肿疮疡,风湿热痹,关节红肿热痛。目前检测出忍冬藤含有绿原酸、异绿原酸、咖啡酸等有机酸类化合物,以及皂昔类化合物、忍冬素、木犀草素等黄酮类化合物。现代医学研究证明,忍冬藤对于链球菌、葡萄球菌、伤寒杆菌、痢疾杆菌等,都有较强的抗菌作用,对治疗流行性感冒和炎症均有一定疗效。忍东藤作为佐药主要发挥其清热解毒,疏凤通络的作用,从而达到治疗炎症的目的。
黄柏为芸香科植物黄皮树Phellodendron chinense Schneid.的干燥树皮。归肾、膀胱经,具有清热燥湿,泻火除蒸,解毒疗疮的功效,用于湿热泻痢,黄疽尿赤,带下阴痒,热淋涩痛,脚气痿蹵,骨蒸劳热,盗汗,遗精,疮疡肿毒,湿疹湿疮。含有生物碱类、黄酮类、酚类等多种化学成分,具有免疫抑制、降血糖、降血压等多方面的药理作用,临床上主要应用于治疗黄疽型肝炎、治疗细菌性痢疾、治疗慢性糖尿病等症。黄柏作为使药,主要发挥其清热燥湿,抗菌消炎的作用。
本发明处方由七味中药组成,共奏平衡阴阳、滋阴养血、利湿通淋、解毒镇痛的功效。对泌尿系感染尤其是中老年妇女由于阴阳失衡、阴血亏虚、湿热下注导致的泌尿系感染有很好的疗效。临床上可用于盆腔炎,附件炎,阴道炎,尿道炎等疾病的治疗,证见小便频数、热涩刺痛、淋漓不尽、反复不愈等。
本发明另一个目的是提供一种所述中药的制备方法,该方法与普通的中药制备方法相比,具有活性成分含量高,杂质或有毒物质含量少,能进一步提高药物疗效和降低副作用等优点,该方法包括以下步骤:
1)将壮阳类中药、生地黄、当归、墨旱莲、忍冬藤用水提取,提取液浓缩到相对密度为1.1-1.2,然后加入乙醇,使含醇量达到50-80%,静置醇沉,取上清液浓缩至无醇味;
2)将车前子、黄柏用50-80%乙醇提取,将提取液浓缩至无醇味;
3)将步骤1)和2)的浓缩液合并,浓缩成稠膏,干燥,粉碎后加入辅料制成适合临床使用的剂型。
所述剂型优选为口服剂型,包括片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、口服液、糖浆剂、丸剂、散剂等。在制备以上剂型时,本领域技术人员可按照常规操作或参照《中药药剂学》选择适当的辅料和工艺。
功效评价试验结果表明:本发明提供的中药具有镇痛、利尿、抗炎等药理作用,不仅效果优于现有的常用中药,而且还具有起效速度快,安全性更高等优点。
具体实施方式
通过以下具体实施方式实现对本发明的进一步具体说明,但不应被理解为对本发明的任何限制。
实施例1
仙茅500g 生地黄750g 当归500g 黄柏500g
墨旱莲750g 车前子750g 忍冬藤750g
制法:1)将仙茅、生地黄、当归、墨旱莲、忍冬藤加10倍水煎煮提取两次,每次2小时,合并提取液并浓缩到相对密度为1.15(60℃测),然后加入乙醇,使含醇量达到60%(重量),静置过夜,取醇沉后的上清液浓缩至无醇味;
2)将车前子、黄柏用8倍重量的70%(重量)乙醇回流提取2次,每次1小时,合并提取液并浓缩至无醇味;
3)将步骤1)和2)的浓缩液合并,浓缩成稠膏,干燥,粉碎后得到干膏粉。
实施例2
巴戟天600g 生地黄650g 当归550g 黄柏450g
墨旱莲800g 车前子800g 忍冬藤800g
制法:1)将巴戟天、生地黄、当归、墨旱莲、忍冬藤加8倍水煎煮提取三次,每次1小时,合并提取液并浓缩到相对密度为1.1(60℃测),然后加入乙醇,使含醇量达到50%(重量),静置过夜,取醇沉后的上清液浓缩至无醇味;
2)将车前子、黄柏用12倍重量的50%(重量)乙醇回流提取1次,提取时间为3小时,合并提取液并浓缩至无醇味;
3)将步骤1)和2)的浓缩液合并,浓缩成稠膏,干燥,粉碎后得到干膏粉。
实施例3
肉从蓉400g 生地黄800g 当归400g 黄柏400g
墨旱莲700g 车前子650g 忍冬藤650g
制法:1)将肉从蓉、生地黄、当归、墨旱莲、忍冬藤加6倍水煎煮提取四次,每次0.5小时,合并提取液并浓缩到相对密度为1.20(60℃测),然后加入乙醇,使含醇量达到80%(重量),静置过夜,取醇沉后的上清液浓缩至无醇味;
2)将车前子、黄柏用6倍重量的80%(重量)乙醇回流提取2次,每次1.5小时,合并提取液并浓缩至无醇味;
3)将步骤1)和2)的浓缩液合并,浓缩成稠膏,干燥,粉碎后得到干膏粉。
实施例4
淫羊霍550g 生地黄700g 当归600g 黄柏600g
墨旱莲650g 车前子700g 忍冬藤700g
制法:1)将淫羊霍、生地黄、当归、墨旱莲、忍冬藤加8倍水煎煮提取两次,每次2小时,合并提取液并浓缩到相对密度为1.18(60℃测),然后加入乙醇,使含醇量达到70%(重量),静置过夜,取醇沉后的上清液浓缩至无醇味;
2)将车前子、黄柏用10倍重量的60%(重量)乙醇回流提取2次,每次1小时,合并提取液并浓缩至无醇味;
3)将步骤1)和2)的浓缩液合并,浓缩成稠膏,干燥,粉碎后得到干膏粉。
实施例5
仙茅500g 生地黄750g 当归500g 黄柏500g
墨旱莲750g 车前子750g 忍冬藤750g
制法:将以上七味药材一起加12倍水煎煮提取两次,每次2小时,合并提取液并浓缩成稠膏,干燥,粉碎后得到干膏粉。
实施例6功效评价试验
针对治疗淋症药物进行药效试验,实验动物为SPF级成年雌性KM小鼠,体重18-20g,包括镇痛试验、利尿试验及抗炎试验。将实施例1-5的干膏粉均折算成生药,按11.7g/kg(日处方量)灌胃给药。与模型组、对照组比对,并进行统计学分析,验证该中药是否具有治疗泌尿系感染的功效。将结果细述如下:
(1)镇痛试验:将KM小鼠随机分为7个组:模型组、实施例1-5组、阿司匹林(200mg/kg)对照组。各组动物分别灌胃给予相应剂量的药物,模型组给予同等容量生理盐水,每日1次,连续灌胃给药15天。末次给药前12h禁食不禁水,末次给药后1h腹腔注射0.8%冰醋酸0.1ml/10g体重造模。观察记录注射醋酸溶液20min内小鼠产生扭体反应的开始时间和扭体次数(腹部收缩内凹、伸展后肢、臀部抬高、蠕行等)。结果见下表1。
表1本发明中药对小鼠扭体次数和扭体反应潜伏期的影响
分组 | 扭体次数 | 扭体反应潜伏期(min) |
模型组 | 41.5 | 2.7 |
实施例1组 | 22.7** | 5.6** |
实施例2组 | 30.3* | 3.7 |
实施例3组 | 28.9* | 4.1 |
实施例4组 | 27.9* | 4.3* |
实施例5组 | 34.6 | 3.5 |
对照组 | 21.1** | 6.8** |
与模型组比较,*p<0.05、**p<0.01。
与模型组相比,实施例1-5组均可减少小鼠扭体次数,其中实施例1具有极显著差异(p<0.01),实施例2-4具有显著差异(p<0.05),实施例1-5还能延长小鼠扭体反应的潜伏期,其中实施例1具有极显著差异(p<0.01),实施例4具有显著差异(p<0.05)。
与对照组相比,仅实施例1无论是扭体次数还是反应潜伏期都没有显著差异(p>0.05),说明实施例1在镇痛方面与阿司匹林效果相差不大。
(2)利尿试验:将KM小鼠随机分为7个组:模型组、实施例1-5组、三金片(0.7g/kg)对照组。各组动物分别灌胃给予相应剂量的相应药物,模型组给予同等容量的生理盐水。每日1次,连续灌胃给药15天,末次给药前12h禁食不禁水,末次给药前0.5h前轻压小鼠下腹排尽余尿,并按每只小鼠50mL/kg生理盐水灌胃作为前负荷,末次灌胃给药后立即将小鼠置于500ml烧杯内,烧杯内放置用分析天平称重的滤纸,记录滤纸的增重量,连续观察4h,实验完成后轻压小鼠下腹,排尽并收集余尿。结果见下表2。
表2本发明中药对小鼠尿量的影响(g)
与模型组比较,*p<0.05、**p<0.01。
与模型组比较,实施例1-5都能增加小鼠1-4h的总尿量,其中实施例1具有极显著差异(p<0.01),实施例2-4具有显著差异(p<0.05);实施例1的1h尿量显著高于模型组(p<0.05),说明实施例1的利尿时间最短,药物起效最快。
(3)抗炎试验:将KM小鼠随机分为7个组:模型组、实施例1-5组、三金片(0.7g/kg)对照组。各组动物分别灌胃给予相应剂量的药物,模型组给予同等容积的生理盐水,每日1次,连续灌胃给药15天。末次给药前12h禁食不禁水,末次给药后1h将二甲苯0.05mL均匀涂抹于小鼠右耳两面,左耳不涂作为对照,涂二甲苯致炎0.5h后处死小鼠,用直径6mm打孔器在两耳相同位置打下耳片,分别称重,左右耳质量之差即为肿胀度。结果见下表3。
表3本发明中药对小鼠耳廓肿胀度的影响
分组 | 肿胀度 |
模型组 | 12.7 |
实施例1组 | 4.6<sup>**</sup> |
实施例2组 | 6.2<sup>*</sup> |
实施例3组 | 7.9<sup>*</sup> |
实施例4组 | 5.5<sup>**</sup> |
实施例5组 | 8.3<sup>*</sup> |
对照组 | 7.7<sup>*</sup> |
与模型组比较,*p<0.05、**p<0.01。
从以上结果可以看出,实施例1-5都能降低致炎小鼠的耳廓肿胀度,其中实施例1和4与模型组相比具有极显著差异(p<0.01),实施例2、3、5与模型组相比具有显著差异(p<0.05)。
急性毒性试验:为了解本发明中药一次大剂量给药对实验动物安全性的影响,根据毒理学试验观察的要求,进行相关的试验观察。根据预实验情况,分组给药,小鼠高剂量组未见死亡,从而无法计算该制剂的半数致死量。因此对动物的最大耐受量进行测定,结果小鼠日给药量达到成人每日用量的157倍,给药后连续观察七天,所有受试小鼠均未见有明显异常。由此证明该中药口服安全性高。
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