CN108896833A - A kind of non-linear measurement method of 5G array antenna for calibration - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of non-linear measurement methods of 5G array antenna for calibration, include the following steps：S1. measurement model is established；S2. the initial phase of aerial array is adjusted, and makes array total field strength greater than twice of each antenna element field intensity；S3. all antenna elements of array antenna are motivated, measurement obtains array signal power；S4. for each antenna port, its corresponding antenna element is successively motivated, measures each antenna port to the transmission coefficient matrix of measurement port as prior information；S5. array signal power of each antenna element under 90 degree, 180 degree phase shifting scenarios is successively tested, and solves the normalization amplitude and phase of each antenna accordingly, the normalization for obtaining intermediate vector indicates；S6. according to measurement model, the normalization data of the true excitation vector of antenna is calculated as measurement result.The port that the present invention is capable of each antenna element of precise measurement array antenna is really motivated, and provides accurate foundation for the calibration of 5G array antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to antenna calibration, in particular to a 5G array antenna nonlinear point measurement method for calibration.
Background
Massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) communication technology is one of the key technologies of 5G. Massive MIMO technology refers to configuring massive antenna arrays at the base station end, which are many orders of magnitude more than antennas in existing systems, to serve multiple users simultaneously.
In 4G communication, the number of MIMO antennas is small, and is mostly 4 or 8, and the small number of antennas limits the communication capacity of the 4G network. 5G on the basis of the 4G research, a concept of massive MIMO is proposed, the number of MIMO antennas may be hundreds or thousands, and the theoretical communication capacity is infinite. The massive MIMO technology requires that all complex processing operations are performed at the base station, which may reduce the terminal complexity. The advantages of massive MIMO technology are also: the method eliminates the interference among users, shortens the waiting delay, improves the spatial resolution, reduces the system deployment cost, improves the total energy efficiency of the system and the like.
Massive MIMO relies on massive array antennas, the performance of which will be an important factor affecting network quality.
As large-scale array antennas are developed under such a large trend, their specific technologies are also developed in the direction of wider bandwidth, wider scan angle, more polarization diversity and lower cost. With the improvement of the requirement on the performance of the large-scale array antenna, the development of the measurement and calibration technology of the array antenna is always accompanied with the improvement of the performance of the large-scale array antenna, and because all the functions of the array antenna are realized based on the control of the excitation of each unit of the array surface, the higher the requirement on the large-scale array is, the higher the requirement on the excitation control is, and the more and more prominent the importance of the measurement and calibration technology is.
For the manufactured array antenna, according to the design principle, the corresponding amplitude-phase distribution can be obtained by inputting the control signal under the ideal condition. But often, due to processing errors, channel errors in the array system, etc., the array antenna may not achieve the desired radiation characteristics. These factors are ultimately attributed to the feed amplitude and phase non-uniformity of each channel of the array antenna element. The method has important theoretical and practical value for 5G array antenna calibration by accurately measuring the excitation amplitude and the phase of each array antenna unit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a 5G array antenna nonlinear point measurement method for calibration, which can accurately measure the port real excitation of each antenna unit of an array antenna and provide an accurate basis for the calibration of the 5G array antenna.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: A5G array antenna nonlinear point measurement method for calibration comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing a measurement model: the array antenna comprises N antenna units, each antenna unit corresponds to one antenna port,
establishing true excitation vector of array antennaThe measurement model of (a) is:
airepresents the initial complex excitation of the ith antenna port, i 1, 2.., N;Eiis its electric field amplitude, phiiIs its phase value, where:
indicating transmission systemsNumber matrix:
to calculate the median vector of the real excitation of the antenna:
in the formula, sN+1,iRepresents the transmission coefficient from the i-th antenna port to the measurement port, i ═ 1, 2.., N;
s2, adjusting the initial phase of the antenna array, and enabling the total field intensity of the array to be larger than twice of the field intensity of each antenna unit;
s3, exciting all antenna units of the array antenna, and measuring to obtain array signal power P0；
S4, exciting the corresponding antenna units of each antenna port in sequence for each antenna port, and measuring the transmission coefficient matrix from each antenna port to the measurement portAs prior information;
s5, sequentially testing the array signal power of each antenna unit under the condition of 90-degree and 180-degree phase shift, and solving the normalized amplitude and phase of each antenna according to the array signal power to obtain a middle vectorIs expressed by the normalization of
S6, calculating the real excitation vector of the antenna according to the measurement modelNormalized data ofAs a result of the measurement:
the process of model establishment in step S1 is as follows:
s101, setting the total unit number of the array antenna to be N, additionally arranging a port of a measuring point, and regarding the mutual electromagnetic action between each antenna port and each measuring port of the antenna array as a microwave network with one port from the perspective of the microwave network;
under the condition of point frequency, according to the microwave network theory, obtaining the relation between input signals and output signals of all ports:
airepresents the initial complex excitation of the ith antenna port, where i ═ 1, 2.., N; a isN+1An initial re-excitation for the measurement port; biAn output complex signal representing the ith antenna port, i ═ 1,2, …, N; bN+1An output complex signal for the measurement port; for the i-th antenna element(s),Eiis its electric field amplitude, phiiIs its phase value;
s102, according to the relation between the input signal and the output signal of the port, the complex signal measured by the measuring port is as follows:
set in the nth measurement, the phase shift of the i-th antenna port excitation is psii(N), where N is 1,2,.., M, i is 1, 2.., N, M is the total number of measurements, and then the signal obtained from the nth measurement is:
since the measurement port does not have an input signal and the port reflection coefficient is small, i.e. aN+10, and sN+1,N+1Very small, so the above equation becomes:
s103, writing all the measurement data into a vector form, and multiplying a product sN+1,i·aiConsidered as unknowns we obtained:
wherein,representing the phase shift amount of the ith antenna port during the nth measurement; bN+1(n) represents an output signal of the measurement port at the nth measurement, M is the number of measurements, and n is 1, 2.
S104. due to the transmission coefficient s from the antenna port to the measurement portN+1,iAnd corresponding antenna port initial excitation aiIs the product sN+1,i·aiIs calculated together, processing the data obtained at the measurement port, and measuring to obtain the product s onlyN+1，i·aiA value of (d); the initial excitation a of the antenna port to be measured can not be directly obtained through the measurement dataiRequired antennaTrue excitation of ports aiThe transmission coefficient s from each port of the antenna to the measurement port is measuredN+1，iTherefore, the model is established:
in the model, the transmission coefficient matrix of the array antenna is measuredAnd intermediate vectorObtaining the true excitation vector of the antenna
Wherein the step S4 includes:
s401, for each antenna port i, i is 1,2,.. and N, when the antenna unit corresponding to the antenna port i is excited, the other antenna ports are connected to matching loads, and a transmission coefficient s from the i-th antenna port to the measurement port is measured according to the matching loadsN+1,i；
S402, after the transmission coefficients from all the antenna ports to the measurement ports are measured, generating a transmission coefficient matrix according to the measurement resultsAs prior information:
wherein the step S5 includes the following substeps:
s501, taking the antenna unit corresponding to the mth antenna port as a unit to be tested, activating the antenna unit, and testing the array signal power P of the antenna unit under the conditions of 90-degree and 180-degree phase shiftsπ/2，Pπ；
S502. according to P0、Pπ/2、PπEstablishing an equation of electric field intensity and electric field phase:
in the formula,indicating the magnitude of the electric field of the array except for the cell under test,representing the phase of the electric field except the unit to be measured; emRepresenting the electric field amplitude, phi, of the cell to be testedmRepresenting the phase of the electric field of the unit to be tested;
the above three equations form the equation CZ ═ P, where
P＝[P0Pπ/2Pπ]T；
According to the full rank matrix C and the known quantity P, obtaining Z ═ Z1z2z3]T；
Due to the defined formula of Z, obtainTherefore, the method comprises the following steps:
from z1，z2To obtain:
the following two solutions are obtained from the root equation of the system of quadratic equations:
since the pre-adjustment in step S2 is made so that the total field strength of the array is greater than twice the field strength of each antenna element, | E is smallermI is the amplitude value E of the mth antenna elementmSmaller | EmThe other parameter in the solution corresponding to the | is the array electric field amplitude except the m-th unit
S503, according toCalculating normalized amplitude k of m antenna elementsmAnd normalized phase
Let E0Is the amplitude value of the array total field, phi0Is the phase value of the total field of the array, which is equal to the sum of the remaining field values by the superposition theorem of electromagnetic fields, so that
Normalizing the amplitude and the phase of the mth antenna unit by using the amplitude value and the phase value of the array total field:
thus, the following are obtained:
s504, repeating the steps S501-S503, and sequentially obtaining the normalized amplitude and the normalized phase of the antenna unit corresponding to each antenna port;
s505, solving an intermediate vector according to the normalized amplitude and phase of each antenna unitCorresponding normalized vector
Is an N-dimensional matrix of columns,represents the normalized amplitude and phase of the mth antenna element, m ═ 1,2, …, N;
s506, calculating the real excitation vector of the antenna according to the measurement modelNormalized data ofAs a result of the measurement:
for the transmission coefficient matrix calculated in step S4,is the normalized vector calculated in step S505.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the 5G array antenna nonlinear point measuring method provided by the invention can accurately measure the real excitation of the port of each antenna unit of the array antenna, and provides an accurate basis for the calibration of the 5G array antenna.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an array antenna network port.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.
As shown in fig. 1, a 5G array antenna nonlinear point measurement method for calibration includes the following steps:
s1, establishing a measurement model: the array antenna comprises N antenna units, each antenna unit corresponds to one antenna port,
establishing true excitation vector of array antennaThe measurement model of (a) is:
airepresents the initial complex excitation of the ith antenna port, i 1, 2.., N;Eiis its electric field amplitude, phiiIs its phase value, where:
representing a transmission coefficient matrix:
to calculate the median vector of the real excitation of the antenna:
in the formula, sN+1,iRepresents the transmission coefficient from the i-th antenna port to the measurement port, i ═ 1, 2.., N;
s2, adjusting the initial phase of the antenna array, and enabling the total field intensity of the array to be larger than twice of the field intensity of each antenna unit;
s3, exciting all antenna units of the array antenna, and measuring to obtain array signal power P0；
S4, exciting the corresponding antenna units of each antenna port in sequence for each antenna port, and measuring the transmission coefficient matrix from each antenna port to the measurement portAs prior information;
s5, sequentially testing the array signal power of each antenna unit under the condition of 90-degree and 180-degree phase shift, and solving the normalized amplitude and phase of each antenna according to the array signal power to obtain a middle vectorIs expressed by the normalization of
S6, calculating the real excitation vector of the antenna according to the measurement modelNormalized data ofAs a result of the measurement:
the process of model establishment in step S1 is as follows:
s101, setting the total unit number of the array antenna to be N, additionally arranging a port of a measuring point, and regarding the mutual electromagnetic action between each antenna port and each measuring port of the antenna array as a microwave network with one port from the perspective of the microwave network;
as shown in fig. 2, the network ports 1 to N correspond to the antenna ports 1 to N, respectively, and the network port N +1 corresponds to the port of the measurement point;
under the condition of point frequency, according to the microwave network theory, obtaining the relation between input signals and output signals of all ports:
airepresents the initial complex excitation of the ith antenna port, where i ═ 1, 2.., N; a isN+1An initial re-excitation for the measurement port; biAn output complex signal representing the ith antenna port, i ═ 1,2, …, N; bN+1An output complex signal for the measurement port; for the i-th antenna element(s),Eiis its electric field amplitude, phiiIs its phase value;
s102, according to the relation between the input signal and the output signal of the port, the complex signal measured by the measuring port is as follows:
set in the nth measurement, the phase shift of the i-th antenna port excitation is psii(N), where N is 1,2,.., M, i is 1, 2.., N, M is the total number of measurements, and then the signal obtained from the nth measurement is:
since the measurement port does not have an input signal and the port reflection coefficient is small, i.e. aN+10, and sN+1,N+1Very small, so the above equation becomes:
s103, writing all the measurement data into a vector form, and multiplying a product sN+1,i·aiConsidered as unknowns we obtained:
wherein,representing the phase shift amount of the ith antenna port during the nth measurement; bN+1(n) represents an output signal of the measurement port at the nth measurement, M is the number of measurements, and n is 1, 2.
S104. due to the transmission coefficient s from the antenna port to the measurement portN+1,iAnd corresponding antenna port initial excitation aiIs the product sN+1,i·aiIs calculated together, processing the data obtained at the measurement port, and measuring to obtain the product s onlyN+1，i·aiA value of (d); the initial excitation a of the antenna port to be measured can not be directly obtained through the measurement dataiThe real excitation of the antenna port a is requirediThe transmission coefficient s from each port of the antenna to the measurement port is measuredN+1，iTherefore, the model is established:
in the model, the transmission coefficient matrix of the array antenna is measuredAnd intermediate vectorObtaining the true excitation vector of the antenna
Wherein the step S4 includes:
s401, for each antenna port i, i is 1,2,.. and N, when the antenna unit corresponding to the antenna port i is excited, the other antenna ports are connected to matching loads, and a transmission coefficient s from the i-th antenna port to the measurement port is measured according to the matching loadsN+1,i；
S402, after the transmission coefficients from all the antenna ports to the measurement ports are measured, generating a transmission coefficient matrix according to the measurement resultsAs prior information:
wherein the step S5 includes the following substeps:
s501, enabling the antenna corresponding to the mth antenna portThe unit is used as a unit to be tested and activated, and the array signal power P of the antenna unit under the conditions of 90-degree and 180-degree phase shift is testedπ/2，Pπ；
S502. according to P0、Pπ/2、PπEstablishing an equation of electric field intensity and electric field phase:
in the formula,indicating the magnitude of the electric field of the array except for the cell under test,representing the phase of the electric field except the unit to be measured; emRepresenting the electric field amplitude, phi, of the cell to be testedmRepresenting the phase of the electric field of the unit to be tested;
the above three equations form the equation CZ ═ P, where
P＝[P0Pπ/2Pπ]T；
According to the full rank matrix C and the known quantity P, obtaining Z ═ Z1z2z3]T；
Due to the defined formula of Z, obtainTherefore, the method comprises the following steps:
from z1，z2To obtain:
the following two solutions are obtained from the root equation of the system of quadratic equations:
since the pre-adjustment in step S2 is made so that the total field strength of the array is greater than twice the field strength of each antenna element, | E is smallermI is the amplitude value E of the mth antenna elementmSmaller | EmThe other parameter in the solution corresponding to the | is the array electric field amplitude except the m-th unit
S503, according toCalculating normalized amplitude k of m antenna elementsmAnd normalized phase
Let E0Is the magnitude value of the array total field，φ0Is the phase value of the total field of the array, which is equal to the sum of the remaining field values by the superposition theorem of electromagnetic fields, so that
Normalizing the amplitude and the phase of the mth antenna unit by using the amplitude value and the phase value of the array total field:
thus, the following are obtained:
s504, repeating the steps S501-S503, and sequentially obtaining the normalized amplitude and the normalized phase of the antenna unit corresponding to each antenna port;
s505, solving an intermediate vector according to the normalized amplitude and phase of each antenna unitCorresponding normalized vector
Is an N-dimensional matrix of columns,representing normalized amplitude and phase of the mth antenna element, m ═1，2，…，N；
S506, calculating the real excitation vector of the antenna according to the measurement modelNormalized data ofAs a result of the measurement:
for the transmission coefficient matrix calculated in step S4,is the normalized vector calculated in step S505.
In conclusion, the method and the device accurately measure the real excitation of the ports of each antenna unit of the array antenna, provide accurate basis for the calibration of the 5G array antenna, and have important theoretical and practical values for the calibration of the 5G array antenna.
Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A5G array antenna nonlinear point measurement method for calibration is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing a measurement model: the array antenna comprises N antenna units, each antenna unit corresponds to one antenna port,
establishing true excitation vector of array antennaThe measurement model of (a) is:
airepresents the initial complex excitation of the ith antenna port, i 1, 2.., N;Eiis its electric field amplitude, phiiIs its phase value, where:
representing a transmission coefficient matrix:
to calculate the median vector of the real excitation of the antenna:
in the formula, sN+1,iRepresents the transmission coefficient from the i-th antenna port to the measurement port, i ═ 1, 2.., N;
s2, adjusting the initial phase of the antenna array, and enabling the total field intensity of the array to be larger than twice of the field intensity of each antenna unit;
s3, exciting all antenna units of the array antenna, and measuring to obtain array signal power P0；
S4, exciting the corresponding antenna units of each antenna port in sequence for each antenna port, and measuring the transmission coefficient matrix from each antenna port to the measurement portAs prior information;
s5, sequentially testing the power of the array signal of each antenna unit under the conditions of 90-degree and 180-degree phase shiftRate, and solving the normalized amplitude and phase of each antenna to obtain an intermediate vectorIs expressed by the normalization of
S6, calculating the real excitation vector of the antenna according to the measurement modelNormalized data ofAs a result of the measurement:
2. the 5G array antenna nonlinear point measurement method for calibration according to claim 1, wherein: the procedure for model establishment in step S1 is as follows:
s101, setting the total unit number of the array antenna to be N, additionally arranging a port of a measuring point, and regarding the mutual electromagnetic action between each antenna port and each measuring port of the antenna array as a microwave network with one port from the perspective of the microwave network;
under the condition of point frequency, according to the microwave network theory, obtaining the relation between input signals and output signals of all ports:
airepresents the initial complex excitation of the ith antenna port, where i ═ 1, 2.., N; a isN+1An initial re-excitation for the measurement port; biAn output complex signal representing the ith antenna port, i ═ 1,2, …, N; bN+1An output complex signal for the measurement port; for the i-th antenna element(s),Eiis its electric field amplitude, phiiIs its phase value;
s102, according to the relation between the input signal and the output signal of the port, the complex signal measured by the measuring port is as follows:
set in the nth measurement, the phase shift of the i-th antenna port excitation is psii(N), where N is 1,2,.., M, i is 1, 2.., N, M is the total number of measurements, and then the signal obtained from the nth measurement is:
since the measurement port does not have an input signal and the port reflection coefficient is small, i.e. aN+10, and sN+1,N+1Very small, so the above equation becomes:
s103, writing all the measurement data into a vector form, and multiplying a product sN+1,i·aiConsidered as unknowns we obtained:
wherein,representing the phase shift amount of the ith antenna port during the nth measurement; bN+1(n) represents an output signal of the measurement port at the nth measurement, M is the number of measurements, and n is 1, 2.
S104. due toTransmission coefficient s from antenna port to measurement portN+1,iAnd corresponding antenna port initial excitation aiIs the product sN+1,i·aiIs calculated together, processing the data obtained at the measurement port, and measuring to obtain the product s onlyN+1，i·aiA value of (d); the initial excitation a of the antenna port to be measured can not be directly obtained through the measurement dataiThe real excitation of the antenna port a is requirediThe transmission coefficient s from each port of the antenna to the measurement port is measuredN+1，iTherefore, the model is established:
in the model, the transmission coefficient matrix of the array antenna is measuredAnd intermediate vectorObtaining the true excitation vector of the antenna
3. The 5G array antenna nonlinear point measurement method for calibration according to claim 1, wherein: the step S4 includes:
s401, for each antenna port i, i is 1,2,.. times.n, when the antenna unit corresponding to the antenna port i is excited, the other antenna ports are connected to matching loads, and the matching loads are measured according to the matching loadsTransmission coefficient s from ith antenna port to measurement portN+1,i；
S402, after the transmission coefficients from all the antenna ports to the measurement ports are measured, generating a transmission coefficient matrix according to the measurement resultsAs prior information:
4. the 5G array antenna nonlinear point measurement method for calibration according to claim 1, wherein: the step S5 includes the following sub-steps:
s501, taking the antenna unit corresponding to the mth antenna port as a unit to be tested, activating the antenna unit, and testing the array signal power P of the antenna unit under the conditions of 90-degree and 180-degree phase shiftsπ/2，Pπ；
S502. according to P0、Pπ/2、PπEstablishing an equation of electric field intensity and electric field phase:
in the formula,indicating the magnitude of the electric field of the array except for the cell under test,representing the phase of the electric field except the unit to be measured; emRepresenting the electric field amplitude, phi, of the cell to be testedmRepresenting the phase of the electric field of the unit to be tested;
the above three equations form the equation CZ ═ P, where
P＝[P0Pπ/2Pπ]T；
According to the full rank matrix C and the known quantity P, obtaining Z ═ Z1z2z3]T；
Due to the defined formula of Z, obtainTherefore, the method comprises the following steps:
from z1，z2To obtain:
the following two solutions are obtained from the root equation of the system of quadratic equations:
since the pre-adjustment in step S2 is made so that the total field strength of the array is greater than twice the field strength of each antenna element, | E is smallermI is the amplitude value E of the mth antenna elementmSmaller | EmThe other parameter in the solution corresponding to the | is the array electric field amplitude except the m-th unit
S503. according to | Em|，Calculating normalized amplitude k of m antenna elementsmAnd normalized phase
Let E0Is the amplitude value of the array total field, phi0Is the phase value of the total field of the array, which is equal to the sum of the remaining field values by the superposition theorem of electromagnetic fields, so that
Normalizing the amplitude and the phase of the mth antenna unit by using the amplitude value and the phase value of the array total field:
thus, the following are obtained:
s504, repeating the steps S501-S503, and sequentially obtaining the normalized amplitude and the normalized phase of the antenna unit corresponding to each antenna port;
s505, solving an intermediate vector according to the normalized amplitude and phase of each antenna unitCorresponding normalized vector
Is an N-dimensional matrix of columns,represents the normalized amplitude and phase of the mth antenna element, m ═ 1,2, …, N;
s506, calculating the real excitation vector of the antenna according to the measurement modelNormalized data ofAs a result of the measurement:
for the transmission coefficient matrix calculated in step S4,is the normalized vector calculated in step S505.
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| CN111310311A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-06-19 | 摩比天线技术（深圳）有限公司 | Precise shaping design method and system for base station antenna |
| CN112711852A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-27 | 山东大学 | Antenna array amplitude-phase distribution design method of plane wave generator |
| CN112904095A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-04 | 西安交通大学 | Array antenna near field calibration system and method |
| WO2023092308A1 (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2023-06-01 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna test system and method |
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| CN112904095A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-04 | 西安交通大学 | Array antenna near field calibration system and method |
| WO2023092308A1 (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2023-06-01 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna test system and method |
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