CN108896833B - A kind of non-linear measurement method of 5G array antenna for calibration - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of non-linear measurement methods of 5G array antenna for calibration, comprising the following steps: S1. establishes measurement model；S2. the initial phase of aerial array is adjusted, and makes array total field strength greater than twice of each antenna element field intensity；S3. all antenna elements of array antenna are motivated, measurement obtains array signal power；S4. for each antenna port, its corresponding antenna element is successively motivated, measures each antenna port to the transmission coefficient matrix of measurement port as prior information；S5. array signal power of each antenna element under 90 degree, 180 degree phase shifting scenarios is successively tested, and solves the normalization amplitude and phase of each antenna accordingly, the normalization for obtaining intermediate vector indicates；S6. according to measurement model, the normalization data of the true excitation vector of antenna is calculated as measurement result.The port that the present invention is capable of each antenna element of precise measurement array antenna is really motivated, and provides accurate foundation for the calibration of 5G array antenna.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to antenna calibrations, more particularly to a kind of non-linear point measurement side of 5G array antenna for calibration
Method.
Background technique
Extensive MIMO (multiple-input and multiple-output) communication technology is one of key technology of 5G.Extensive MIMO technology refers to
Come while serving multiple in the large-scale antenna array of base station end configuration far more than antenna number a number of orders of magnitude in existing system
User.
In 4G communication, mimo antenna negligible amounts, mostly 4 or 8, antenna amount limits the logical of 4G network less
Believe capacity.5G proposes the concept of extensive MIMO, mimo antenna quantity can be hundreds and thousands of on the basis of 4G is studied
It is a, and theoretic message capacity is then unlimited.Extensive MIMO technology requires all complex process operations to be placed on base
Stand place progress, this can reduce terminal complexity.The advantages of extensive MIMO technology, also resides in: eliminating interference, the contracting between user
It is short etc. it is to be delayed, improve spatial resolution, reduce system deployment cost, lifting system can imitate.
Extensive MIMO relies on large scale array antenna, and the performance of large scale array antenna will be influence network quality one
A key factor.
As large scale array antenna develops under such main trend, particular technique is also toward broader bandwidth, more
Wide scanning angle, more polarization diversities and lower cost direction is developed.It is wanted with to large scale array antenna performance
The raising asked, while always therewith along with the development of array antenna measurement and collimation technique, because of all array antenna functions
Realization be all based on to front each unit excitation control, the requirement to large scale array is higher, then to excitation control
Requirement it is higher, measurement and the importance of collimation technique also increasingly highlight.
For the array antenna processed, according to its design principle, input control signal is just in the ideal case
Corresponding width can be obtained mutually to be distributed.But often due to the channel error etc. in mismachining tolerance and array system, will lead to array day
Ideal radiation characteristic is not achieved in line.These factors are finally all attributed to the feed amplitude and phase in each channel of array antenna unit
Inconsistency.By accurately measuring the excitation amplitude and phase of each array antenna unit, have for the calibration of 5G array antenna
Important theory and real value.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of 5G array antenna for calibration is non-linear
Point measurement method, the port for capableing of each antenna element of precise measurement array antenna are really motivated, and are the calibration of 5G array antenna
Accurate foundation is provided.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of 5G array antenna for calibration is non-linear
Point measurement method, comprising the following steps:
S1. establish measurement model: setting array antenna includes N number of antenna element, and each antenna element corresponds to an antenna
Port,
Establish the true excitation vector of array antennaMeasurement model are as follows:
aiIndicate the initial compound excitation of i-th of antenna port, i=1,2 ..., N；EiIt is its electric field width
Degree, φiIt is its phase value, in which:
Indicate transmission coefficient matrix:
To calculate the intermediate vector that antenna really motivates:
In formula, sN+1,iIndicate transmission coefficient of i-th of antenna port to measurement port, i=1,2 ..., N；
S2. the initial phase of aerial array is adjusted, and array total field strength is made to be greater than the two of each antenna element field intensity
Times；
S3. all antenna elements of array antenna are motivated, measurement obtains array signal power P0；
S4. for each antenna port, its corresponding antenna element is successively motivated, measures each antenna port to measurement port
Transmission coefficient matrixAs prior information；
S5. array signal power of each antenna element under 90 degree, 180 degree phase shifting scenarios is successively tested, and is asked accordingly
The normalization amplitude and phase for solving each antenna, obtain intermediate vectorNormalization indicate
S6. according to measurement model, the true excitation vector of antenna is calculatedNormalization dataAs measurement result:
Wherein, modeling process is as follows in step S1:
S101. the total element number of array antenna is set as N, the port of an additional measurement point, from the angle of Microwave Net
From the point of view of, the microwave network of port one by one is regarded in the mutual electromagnetic effect between each antenna port of aerial array and measurement port as
Network；
In frequency, according to microwave network theory, the relationship of all of the port input signal and output signal is obtained:
aiIndicate the initial compound excitation of i-th of antenna port, wherein i=1,2 ..., N；aN+1For the initial of measurement port
Compound excitation；biRepresent the output complex signal of i-th of antenna port, i=1,2 ..., N；bN+1For the output complex signal of measurement port；
For i-th of antenna element,EiIt is its electric field amplitude, φiIt is its phase value；
S102. according to the relationship of port input signal and output signal, complex signal that measurement port measures are as follows:
It is located in n-th measurement, the phase shift of i-th of antenna port excitation is ψi(n), wherein n=1,2 ..., M, i=1,
2 ..., N, M are total pendulous frequencies, then the signal that n-th measurement obtains are as follows:
Since measurement port does not have input signal and port reflection coefficient very little, i.e. aN+1=0, and sN+1,N+1Very little,
Institute's above formula becomes:
S103. all measurement data are written as vector form, by product sN+1,i·aiRegard unknown quantity as to obtain:
Wherein,When representing n-th measurement, the phase-shift phase of i-th of antenna port；bN+1(n) when indicating n-th measurement
The output signal of measurement port, M are pendulous frequency, n=1,2 ..., M；
S104. due to the transmission coefficient s of antenna port to measurement portN+1,iWith corresponding antenna port initial excitation aiIt is
With product sN+1,i·aiForm calculate together, the data that processing measurement port obtains are capable of measuring to obtain only product
sN+1, i·aiValue；Antenna port initial excitation a to be measured can not be directly acquired by measurement datai, it is desirable that obtain antenna port
True excitation aiValue, it is also necessary to measurement obtain each port of antenna to the transmission coefficient s between measurement portN+1, i, therefore build
Formwork erection type:
In a model, pass through the transmission coefficient matrix of measurement array antennaAnd intermediate vectorAntenna is obtained really to swash
Encourage vector
Wherein, the step S4 includes:
S401. for each antenna port i, i=1,2 ..., N, when motivating the antenna element corresponding to it, remaining
Antenna port connects matched load, measure accordingly i-th of antenna port to measurement port transmission coefficient sN+1,i；
S402. it after the transmission coefficient of all antenna ports to measurement port is measured, is generated according to measurement result
Transmission coefficient matrixAs prior information:
Wherein, the step S5 includes following sub-step:
S501. using antenna element corresponding to m-th of antenna port as to-be-measured cell, line activating of going forward side by side tests the day
Array signal power P of the line unit under 90 degree, 180 degree phase shifting scenariosπ/2, Pπ；
S502. according to P0、Pπ/2、PπEstablish the equation of electric field strength and electric field phase:
In formula,It indicates to remove the array electric field amplitude outside to-be-measured cell,It indicates to remove the electric field outside to-be-measured cell
Phase；EmIndicate to-be-measured cell electric field amplitude, φmIndicate to-be-measured cell electric field phase；
Equation CZ=P is established by three equations above, wherein
P=[P0 Pπ/2 Pπ]T；
According to non-singular matrix C and known quantity P, Z=[z is acquired1 z2 z3]T；
Due to the definition formula of Z, obtainTherefore:
From z1, z2Definition, obtain:
Following two solutions are obtained by the radical formula of quadratic equation group:
Due to being pre-adjusted in step S2, so that array total field strength is greater than twice of each antenna element field intensity, institute
It is with lesser | Em| the range value E of i.e. m-th antenna elementm, it is smaller | Em| another parameter is to remove in corresponding solution
Array electric field amplitude outside m-th of unit
S503. basisCalculate the normalization amplitude k of m antenna elementmWith normalization phase
If E0It is the range value of array resultant field, φ0It is the phase value of array resultant field, by electromagnetic field superposition theorem, electric array is total
The value of field is equal to the sum of remaining each value, so having
Using the range value and phase value of array resultant field, the amplitude and phase of m-th of antenna element are normalized:
Therefore it obtains:
S504. step S501~S503 is repeated, the normalization width of antenna element corresponding to each antenna port is successively acquired
Degree and phase；
S505. according to the normalization amplitude and phase of each antenna element, intermediate vector is solvedIt is corresponding normalize to
Amount
For N-dimensional column matrix,Represent the normalization amplitude and phase of m-th of antenna element, m=1,2 ..., N；
S506. according to measurement model, the true excitation vector of antenna is calculatedNormalization dataAs measurement result:
For the transmission coefficient matrix being calculated in step S4,For the normalization that is calculated in step S505 to
Amount.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: non-linear measurement method of 5G array antenna provided by the invention, can accurately survey
The port of the amount each antenna element of array antenna is really motivated, and provides accurate foundation for the calibration of 5G array antenna.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the method for the present invention；
Fig. 2 is array antenna network port schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
It is as described below.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of non-linear measurement method of 5G array antenna for calibration, comprising the following steps:
S1. establish measurement model: setting array antenna includes N number of antenna element, and each antenna element corresponds to an antenna
Port,
Establish the true excitation vector of array antennaMeasurement model are as follows:
aiIndicate the initial compound excitation of i-th of antenna port, i=1,2 ..., N；EiIt is its electric field width
Degree, φiIt is its phase value, in which:
Indicate transmission coefficient matrix:
To calculate the intermediate vector that antenna really motivates:
In formula, sN+1,iIndicate transmission coefficient of i-th of antenna port to measurement port, i=1,2 ..., N；
S2. the initial phase of aerial array is adjusted, and array total field strength is made to be greater than the two of each antenna element field intensity
Times；
S3. all antenna elements of array antenna are motivated, measurement obtains array signal power P0；
S4. for each antenna port, its corresponding antenna element is successively motivated, measures each antenna port to measurement port
Transmission coefficient matrixAs prior information；
S5. array signal power of each antenna element under 90 degree, 180 degree phase shifting scenarios is successively tested, and is asked accordingly
The normalization amplitude and phase for solving each antenna, obtain intermediate vectorNormalization indicate
S6. according to measurement model, the true excitation vector of antenna is calculatedNormalization dataAs measurement result:
Wherein, modeling process is as follows in step S1:
S101. the total element number of array antenna is set as N, the port of an additional measurement point, from the angle of Microwave Net
From the point of view of, the microwave network of port one by one is regarded in the mutual electromagnetic effect between each antenna port of aerial array and measurement port as
Network；
As shown in Fig. 2, the network port 1 respectively corresponds antenna port 1 to antenna port N to N-port, N+1 pairs of the network port
Answer the port of measurement point；
In frequency, according to microwave network theory, the relationship of all of the port input signal and output signal is obtained:
aiIndicate the initial compound excitation of i-th of antenna port, wherein i=1,2 ..., N；aN+1For the initial of measurement port
Compound excitation；biRepresent the output complex signal of i-th of antenna port, i=1,2 ..., N；bN+1For the output complex signal of measurement port；
For i-th of antenna element,EiIt is its electric field amplitude, φiIt is its phase value；
S102. according to the relationship of port input signal and output signal, complex signal that measurement port measures are as follows:
It is located in n-th measurement, the phase shift of i-th of antenna port excitation is ψi(n), wherein n=1,2 ..., M, i=1,
2 ..., N, M are total pendulous frequencies, then the signal that n-th measurement obtains are as follows:
Since measurement port does not have input signal and port reflection coefficient very little, i.e. aN+1=0, and sN+1,N+1Very little,
Institute's above formula becomes:
S103. all measurement data are written as vector form, by product sN+1,i·aiRegard unknown quantity as to obtain:
Wherein,When representing n-th measurement, the phase-shift phase of i-th of antenna port；bN+1(n) when indicating n-th measurement
The output signal of measurement port, M are pendulous frequency, n=1,2 ..., M；
S104. due to the transmission coefficient s of antenna port to measurement portN+1,iWith corresponding antenna port initial excitation aiIt is
With product sN+1,i·aiForm calculate together, the data that processing measurement port obtains are capable of measuring to obtain only product
sN+1, i·aiValue；Antenna port initial excitation a to be measured can not be directly acquired by measurement datai, it is desirable that obtain antenna port
True excitation aiValue, it is also necessary to measurement obtain each port of antenna to the transmission coefficient s between measurement portN+1, i, therefore build
Formwork erection type:
In a model, pass through the transmission coefficient matrix of measurement array antennaAnd intermediate vectorAntenna is obtained really to swash
Encourage vector
Wherein, the step S4 includes:
S401. for each antenna port i, i=1,2 ..., N, when motivating the antenna element corresponding to it, remaining
Antenna port connects matched load, measure accordingly i-th of antenna port to measurement port transmission coefficient sN+1,i；
S402. it after the transmission coefficient of all antenna ports to measurement port is measured, is generated according to measurement result
Transmission coefficient matrixAs prior information:
Wherein, the step S5 includes following sub-step:
S501. using antenna element corresponding to m-th of antenna port as to-be-measured cell, line activating of going forward side by side tests the day
Array signal power P of the line unit under 90 degree, 180 degree phase shifting scenariosπ/2, Pπ；
S502. according to P0、Pπ/2、PπEstablish the equation of electric field strength and electric field phase:
In formula,It indicates to remove the array electric field amplitude outside to-be-measured cell,It indicates to remove the electric field outside to-be-measured cell
Phase；EmIndicate to-be-measured cell electric field amplitude, φmIndicate to-be-measured cell electric field phase；
Equation CZ=P is established by three equations above, wherein
P=[P0 Pπ/2 Pπ]T；
According to non-singular matrix C and known quantity P, Z=[z is acquired1 z2 z3]T；
Due to the definition formula of Z, obtainTherefore:
From z1, z2Definition, obtain:
Following two solutions are obtained by the radical formula of quadratic equation group:
Due to being pre-adjusted in step S2, so that array total field strength is greater than twice of each antenna element field intensity, institute
It is with lesser | Em| the range value E of i.e. m-th antenna elementm, it is smaller | Em| another parameter is to remove in corresponding solution
Array electric field amplitude outside m-th of unit
S503. basisCalculate the normalization amplitude k of m antenna elementmWith normalization phase
If E0It is the range value of array resultant field, φ0It is the phase value of array resultant field, by electromagnetic field superposition theorem, electric array is total
The value of field is equal to the sum of remaining each value, so having
Using the range value and phase value of array resultant field, the amplitude and phase of m-th of antenna element are normalized:
Therefore it obtains:
S504. step S501~S503 is repeated, the normalization width of antenna element corresponding to each antenna port is successively acquired
Degree and phase；
S505. according to the normalization amplitude and phase of each antenna element, intermediate vector is solvedIt is corresponding normalize to
Amount
For N-dimensional column matrix,Represent the normalization amplitude and phase of m-th of antenna element, m=1,2 ..., N；
S506. according to measurement model, the true excitation vector of antenna is calculatedNormalization dataAs measurement result:
For the transmission coefficient matrix being calculated in step S4,For the normalization that is calculated in step S505 to
Amount.
To sum up, the port of the accurate measurement array antenna each antenna element of the present invention is really motivated, and is 5G array antenna
Calibration accurate foundation is provided, there is important theory and real value for the calibration of 5G array antenna.
Finally, it should be noted that the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the art
Those of ordinary skill for, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these change
It also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention into retouching.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of non-linear measurement method of 5G array antenna for calibration, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
S1. establish measurement model: setting array antenna includes N number of antenna element, and each antenna element corresponds to an antenna port,
Establish the true excitation vector of array antennaMeasurement model are as follows:
aiIndicate the initial compound excitation of i-th of antenna port, i=1,2 ..., N；EiIt is its electric field amplitude, φi
It is its phase value, in which:
Indicate transmission coefficient matrix:
To calculate the intermediate vector that antenna really motivates:
In formula, sN+1,iIndicate transmission coefficient of i-th of antenna port to measurement port, i=1,2 ..., N；
S2. the initial phase of aerial array is adjusted, and makes array total field strength greater than twice of each antenna element field intensity；
S3. all antenna elements of array antenna are motivated, measurement obtains array signal power P0；
S4. for each antenna port, successively motivate its corresponding antenna element, measure each antenna port to measurement port biography
Defeated coefficient matrixAs prior information；
S5. array signal power of each antenna element under 90 degree, 180 degree phase shifting scenarios is successively tested, and is solved accordingly each
The normalization amplitude and phase of a antenna, obtain intermediate vectorNormalization indicate
The step S5 includes following sub-step:
S501. using antenna element corresponding to m-th of antenna port as to-be-measured cell, line activating of going forward side by side tests the antenna list
Array signal power P of the member under 90 degree, 180 degree phase shifting scenariosπ/2, Pπ；
S502. according to P0、Pπ/2、PπEstablish the equation of electric field strength and electric field phase:
In formula,It indicates to remove the array electric field amplitude outside to-be-measured cell,It indicates to remove the electric field phase outside to-be-measured cell；
EmIndicate to-be-measured cell electric field amplitude, φmIndicate to-be-measured cell electric field phase；
Equation CZ=P is established by three equations above, wherein
P=[P0 Pπ/2 Pπ]T；
According to non-singular matrix C and known quantity P, Z=[z is acquired1 z2 z3]T；
Due to the definition formula of Z, obtainTherefore:
From z1, z2Definition, obtain:
Following two solutions are obtained by the radical formula of quadratic equation group:
Due to being pre-adjusted in step S2, so that array total field strength is greater than twice of each antenna element field intensity, so compared with
Small be | Em| the range value E of i.e. m-th antenna elementm, it is smaller | Em| another parameter is to remove m in corresponding solution
Array electric field amplitude outside a unit
S503. basis | Em|,Calculate the normalization amplitude k of m antenna elementmWith normalization phase
If E0It is the range value of array resultant field, φ0It is the phase value of array resultant field, by electromagnetic field superposition theorem, electric array resultant field
Value is equal to the sum of remaining each value, so having
Using the range value and phase value of array resultant field, the amplitude and phase of m-th of antenna element are normalized:
Therefore it obtains:
S504. repeat step S501~S503, successively acquire antenna element corresponding to each antenna port normalization amplitude and
Phase；
S505. according to the normalization amplitude and phase of each antenna element, intermediate vector is solvedCorresponding normalized vector
For N-dimensional column matrix,Represent the normalization amplitude and phase of m-th of antenna element, m=1,2 ..., N；
S506. according to measurement model, the true excitation vector of antenna is calculatedNormalization dataAs measurement result:
For the transmission coefficient matrix being calculated in step S4,For the normalized vector being calculated in step S505；
S6. according to measurement model, the true excitation vector of antenna is calculatedNormalization dataAs measurement result:
2. a kind of non-linear measurement method of 5G array antenna for calibration according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Modeling process is as follows in step S1:
S101. the total element number of array antenna is set as N, the port of an additional measurement point, from the perspective of Microwave Net,
The Microwave Net of port one by one is regarded in mutual electromagnetic effect between each antenna port of aerial array and measurement port as；
In frequency, according to microwave network theory, the relationship of all of the port input signal and output signal is obtained:
aiIndicate the initial compound excitation of i-th of antenna port, wherein i=1,2 ..., N；aN+1For the initial compounding of measurement port
It encourages；biRepresent the output complex signal of i-th of antenna port, i=1,2 ..., N；bN+1For the output complex signal of measurement port；For
I-th of antenna element,EiIt is its electric field amplitude, φiIt is its phase value；
S102. according to the relationship of port input signal and output signal, complex signal that measurement port measures are as follows:
It is located in n-th measurement, the phase shift of i-th of antenna port excitation is ψi(n), wherein n=1,2 ..., M, i=1,
2 ..., N, M are total pendulous frequencies, then the signal that n-th measurement obtains are as follows:
Since measurement port does not have input signal and port reflection coefficient very little, i.e. aN+1=0, and sN+1,N+1Very little, so
Above formula becomes:
S103. all measurement data are written as vector form, by product sN+1,i·aiRegard unknown quantity as to obtain:
Wherein,When representing n-th measurement, the phase-shift phase of i-th of antenna port；bN+1(n) it indicates to measure when n-th measurement
The output signal of port, M are pendulous frequency, n=1,2 ..., M；
S104. due to the transmission coefficient s of antenna port to measurement portN+1,iWith corresponding antenna port initial excitation aiIt is to multiply
Product sN+1,i·aiForm calculate together, the data that processing measurement port obtains are capable of measuring to obtain only product sN+1, i·ai
Value；Antenna port initial excitation a to be measured can not be directly acquired by measurement datai, it is desirable that it obtains the true of antenna port and swashs
Encourage aiValue, it is also necessary to measurement obtain each port of antenna to the transmission coefficient s between measurement portN+1, i, therefore establish model:
In a model, pass through the transmission coefficient matrix of measurement array antennaAnd intermediate vectorObtain antenna really motivate to
Amount
3. a kind of non-linear measurement method of 5G array antenna for calibration according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The step S4 includes:
S401. for each antenna port i, i=1,2 ..., N, when motivating the antenna element corresponding to it, remaining antenna
Port connects matched load, measure accordingly i-th of antenna port to measurement port transmission coefficient sN+1,i；
S402. it after the transmission coefficient of all antenna ports to measurement port is measured, is generated and is transmitted according to measurement result
Coefficient matrixAs prior information:
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| CN112711852B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-09-02 | 山东大学 | Antenna array amplitude-phase distribution design method of plane wave generator |
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| JP2003218621A (en) * | 2002-01-21 | 2003-07-31 | Nec Corp | Apparatus and method for calibrating array antenna |
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| CN101483273B (en) * | 2009-02-24 | 2012-06-13 | 中国航天科技集团公司第五研究院第五○四研究所 | Calibration method for amplitude and phase variable array antenna |
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